WO2020066292A1 - Dispositif d'affichage - Google Patents

Dispositif d'affichage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020066292A1
WO2020066292A1 PCT/JP2019/030351 JP2019030351W WO2020066292A1 WO 2020066292 A1 WO2020066292 A1 WO 2020066292A1 JP 2019030351 W JP2019030351 W JP 2019030351W WO 2020066292 A1 WO2020066292 A1 WO 2020066292A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
retardation plate
retardation
image display
display device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/030351
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
幸次朗 池田
大地 鈴木
直之 高崎
和彦 迫
Original Assignee
株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ
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Application filed by 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ filed Critical 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ
Publication of WO2020066292A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020066292A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S2/00—Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
    • F21V9/40—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters with provision for controlling spectral properties, e.g. colour, or intensity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a display device.
  • Some liquid crystal display devices irradiate an image display panel having a liquid crystal layer with light from a backlight, and display an image using light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer.
  • Such a liquid crystal display device is required to have an improved contrast ratio.
  • Patent Document 1 describes that a contrast ratio is improved by overlapping two liquid crystal panels.
  • the contrast ratio may not be sufficiently improved depending on the viewing direction, for example. Therefore, in a display device, an improvement in viewing angle characteristics is required so that a change in contrast ratio does not increase depending on a viewing direction.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to provide a display device capable of improving viewing angle characteristics.
  • a display device an image display panel having a plurality of pixels, a light source unit disposed on the back side of the image display panel, and provided between the image display panel and the light source unit, A plurality of first electrodes arranged in a matrix, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and a liquid crystal layer, wherein a voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode is A light control panel configured to transmit light emitted from a light source unit to the rear side of the image display panel while changing transmittance in the liquid crystal layer, and the image display panel and the light control panel. And a retardation plate that is provided so as to be superimposed and gives a phase difference to transmitted light.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a main configuration example of a display device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of the signal processing unit.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of the display device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pixel array of the image display panel.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a schematic cross-sectional structure of the image display panel.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a relationship between a display area and a display divided area.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a main configuration of the light source unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a main configuration example of a display device according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of the signal processing unit.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of the display device
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a main configuration of the light control unit.
  • FIG. 9A is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a schematic cross-sectional structure of the light control panel.
  • FIG. 9B is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing flow of the signal processing unit.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of a display device according to a comparative example.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the results of the viewing angle characteristics of the comparative example and the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of a display device according to another example of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a schematic cross-sectional structure of a light control panel according to a 1-1 modification.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of the results of the viewing angle characteristics of the second comparative example and the 1-1 modification.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of results of viewing angle characteristics of the third comparative example and the 1-2nd modification.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of the display device according to the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of the result of the viewing angle characteristics of the second embodiment, the 2-1 modified example, and the 2-2 modified example.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of the display device according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of the results of the viewing angle characteristics of the second comparative example and the 1-1 modification.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of results of viewing angle characteristics of the third comparative example and the
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of a display device according to another example of the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of results of viewing angle characteristics of the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment, the 4-1 modification, and the 4-2 modification.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of the display device according to the fifth embodiment.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of a display device according to a 5-1 modification.
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of the result of the viewing angle characteristics of the fifth embodiment and the 5-1st modified example.
  • FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of the display device according to the sixth embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of results of viewing angle characteristics of the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment, the 4-1 modification, and the 4-2 modification.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of the display device according to the fifth embodiment.
  • FIG. 22 is
  • FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of a display device according to Modification 6-1.
  • FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating an example of the result of the viewing angle characteristics of the sixth embodiment, the sixth-first modification, the seventh embodiment, the seventh-first modification, the seventh-second modification, and the eighth embodiment. It is.
  • FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of the display device according to the ninth embodiment.
  • FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of a display device according to Modification 9-1.
  • FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating an example of the result of the viewing angle characteristics of the ninth embodiment and the 9-1st modified example.
  • FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of the display device according to the tenth embodiment.
  • FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating an example of the result of the viewing angle characteristics of the tenth embodiment, the tenth modified example, and the tenth modified example.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a main configuration example of a display device according to the first embodiment.
  • the display device 1 according to the first embodiment includes a signal processing unit 10, a display unit 20, a light source unit 50, and a light control unit 70.
  • the signal processing unit 10 performs various outputs based on an input signal IP input from the external control device 2.
  • the input signal IP is a signal that functions as data for causing the display device 1 to display and output an image, and is, for example, an RGB image signal.
  • the signal processing unit 10 outputs the output image signal OP generated based on the input signal IP to the display unit 20.
  • the signal processing unit 10 outputs the local dimming signal DI generated based on the input signal IP to the dimming unit 70. Further, when the input signal IP is input, the signal processing unit 10 outputs a light source drive signal BL for operating the light source unit 50 to the light source unit 50.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration example of the signal processing unit.
  • the signal processing unit 10 is an integrated circuit such as an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array).
  • the signal processing unit 10 includes, for example, an image analysis unit 11, a light control unit 12, a light control buffer 13, a correction unit 14, an image buffer 15, a synchronization unit 16, and a light source control unit 17.
  • the signal processing unit 10 performs various processes corresponding to these functions mounted on the integrated circuit based on the input signal IP.
  • the display unit 20 includes the image display panel 30 and the image display panel driving unit 40.
  • the image display panel 30 is a panel having a plurality of pixels 48, and more specifically, has a display area OA in which the plurality of pixels 48 are provided.
  • the plurality of pixels 48 are arranged, for example, in a matrix.
  • the image display panel 30 of the first embodiment is a liquid crystal image display panel.
  • the image display panel driving section 40 as a first signal output section has a signal output circuit 41 and a scanning circuit 42.
  • the signal output circuit 41 drives a plurality of pixels 48 according to the output image signal OP.
  • the scanning circuit 42 outputs a drive signal for scanning a plurality of pixels 48 arranged in a matrix in units of a predetermined row (for example, one row).
  • the pixel 48 is driven such that a grayscale value corresponding to the output image signal OP is output at the timing when the drive signal is output.
  • the light source unit 50 is a light source device that emits light toward the display area OA of the image display panel 30.
  • the light control unit 70 controls the amount of light emitted from the light source unit 50 and output through the display area OA.
  • the light control unit 70 includes a light control panel 80 and a circuit unit 90.
  • the light control panel 80 is disposed at a position overlapping the display area OA when the display area OA is viewed in a plan view, that is, when the display device is viewed from a Z direction described later, and is provided so as to change the light transmittance.
  • the light control area DA is provided.
  • the circuit unit 90 controls the light transmittance of the light control area DA.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a layered configuration of the display device according to the first embodiment.
  • the light source unit 50, the light control panel 80, and the image display panel 30 are superimposed in this order along the Z direction that is the superimposition direction, that is, It is laminated.
  • the light control panel 80 is stacked on the irradiation surface 50 s, which is the front surface (upper surface) of the light source unit 50 and the surface on which light is emitted.
  • the image display panel 30 is stacked on the opposite side of the light source unit 50 with the light control panel 80 interposed therebetween.
  • the light source unit 50 is provided on the back surface 30 s side opposite to the front surface 30 t of the image display panel 30, and the light control panel 80 is located between the light source unit 50 and the image display panel 30 in the Z direction. Is provided.
  • the light emitted from the irradiation surface 50 s of the light source unit 50 in the Z direction enters the light control area DA of the light control panel 80.
  • the light control panel 80 transmits the light incident on the light control area DA to the rear surface 30s side of the image display panel 30 so that the light transmittance, that is, the light amount can be changed.
  • the light transmitted from the light control panel 80 enters the back surface 30s of the image display panel 30, passes through the inside of the image display panel 30, and is emitted from the front surface 30t opposite to the back surface 30s.
  • the image display panel 30 displays and outputs an image on the front surface 30t side.
  • the light source unit 50 functions as a backlight that illuminates the display area OA of the image display panel 30 from the back.
  • two directions orthogonal to the Z direction are defined as an X direction and a Y direction.
  • the X direction and the Y direction are orthogonal.
  • the plurality of pixels 48 are arranged in a matrix along the X direction and the Y direction.
  • the Y direction is the initial alignment direction of the image display panel 30 in the first embodiment.
  • the X direction is a direction orthogonal to the Z direction (superimposition direction) and the Y direction (initial alignment direction).
  • the position of the upper polarizing plate 58 with respect to the light source unit 50 is defined as an upper side (front side), and the position of the light source unit 50 with respect to the upper polarizing plate 58 is defined as a lower side (rear side).
  • the image display panel 30 has an array substrate 30a and a counter substrate 30b located on the front surface 30t side (upper side) of the array substrate 30a and facing the array substrate 30a in the Z direction.
  • a liquid crystal layer LC1 is disposed between the array substrate 30a and the counter substrate 30b (see FIG. 5).
  • the light control panel 80 includes a first substrate 80s, and a second substrate 80t located on the image display panel 30 side with respect to the first substrate 80s and facing the first substrate 80s.
  • a liquid crystal layer LC2 is disposed between the first substrate 80s and the second substrate 80t (see FIG. 9A).
  • the display device 1 includes a light source unit 50, a lower polarizing plate 52, a dimming panel 80, a middle polarizing plate 54, an adhesive layer 56, an image display panel 30,
  • the retardation plate 60 and the upper polarizing plate 58 are stacked (superimposed) in this order in the Z direction. That is, the lower polarizing plate 52 is provided between the light source unit 50 and the light control panel 80, the middle polarizing plate 54 is provided between the light control panel 80 and the image display panel 30, and the upper polarizing plate 58 is provided.
  • Is provided on the front surface 30 t side of the image display panel 30, that is, above the image display panel 30.
  • the lower polarizer 52, the middle polarizer 54, and the upper polarizer 58 transmit light of a component that oscillates in a predetermined direction of incident light and block light of a component that oscillates in a direction other than that direction. It is a polarizing plate.
  • the adhesive layer 56 is provided between the light control panel 80 and the image display panel 30, and bonds the light control panel 80 and the image display panel 30.
  • the adhesive layer 56 is formed of a transparent member that can transmit light, and in the present embodiment, is an optical elastic resin, that is, SVR (Super View Resin).
  • the adhesive layer 56 is provided between the middle polarizing plate 54 and the image display panel 30 in the first embodiment, but may be provided between the light control panel 80 and the image display panel 30. For example, it may be provided between the light control panel 80 and the middle polarizer 54.
  • the phase difference plate 60 is an anisotropic phase difference plate that is provided on the image display panel 30 and the light control panel 80 so as to be overlapped in the Z direction and gives a phase difference to transmitted light.
  • the phase difference plate 60 is provided between the middle polarizing plate 54 and the upper polarizing plate 58, and more specifically, above the image display panel 30, And the upper polarizing plate 58.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pixel array of the image display panel.
  • the pixel 48 has, for example, a first sub-pixel 49R, a second sub-pixel 49G, a third sub-pixel 49B, and a fourth sub-pixel 49W.
  • the first sub-pixel 49R displays a first primary color (for example, red).
  • the second sub-pixel 49G displays a second primary color (for example, green).
  • the third sub-pixel 49B displays a third primary color (for example, blue).
  • the fourth sub-pixel 49W displays a fourth color (specifically, white).
  • the pixels 48 arranged in a matrix on the image display panel 30 include the first sub-pixel 49R for displaying the first color, the second sub-pixel 49G for displaying the second color, and the third color. It includes a third sub-pixel 49B for displaying and a fourth sub-pixel 49W for displaying a fourth color.
  • the first color, the second color, the third color, and the fourth color are not limited to the first primary color, the second primary color, the third primary color, and white, but may be different colors such as complementary colors.
  • the pixel 48 may not include the fourth sub-pixel 49W, but may include only three sub-pixels of the first sub-pixel 49R, the second sub-pixel 49G, and the third sub-pixel 49B.
  • the fourth sub-pixel 49W displaying the fourth color is irradiated with the same light source lighting amount
  • the first sub-pixel 49R displaying the first color
  • the second sub-pixel 49G displaying the second color
  • the third sub-pixel 49B that displays the third color be brighter.
  • sub-pixels 49 when it is not necessary to distinguish the first sub-pixel 49R, the second sub-pixel 49G, the third sub-pixel 49B, and the fourth sub-pixel 49W, they are referred to as sub-pixels 49.
  • the display device 1 is more specifically a transmission type color liquid crystal display device.
  • the image display panel 30 is a color liquid crystal display panel, in which a first color filter that allows the first primary color to pass is disposed between the first sub-pixel 49R and the image observer, and a second color filter is provided.
  • a second color filter that passes the second primary color is disposed between the sub-pixel 49G and the image observer, and a third color filter that transmits the third primary color is disposed between the third sub-pixel 49B and the image observer.
  • no color filter is arranged between the fourth sub-pixel 49W and the image observer. In this case, a large step occurs in the fourth sub-pixel 49W. Therefore, the fourth sub-pixel 49W may be provided with a transparent resin layer instead of the color filter. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a large step in the fourth sub-pixel 49W.
  • the signal output circuit 41 is electrically connected to the image display panel 30 by a signal line DTL.
  • the image display panel driving unit 40 selects a sub-pixel 49 in the image display panel 30 by the scanning circuit 42 and controls a switching element (for example, a thin film transistor (TFT)) for controlling the operation (light transmittance) of the sub-pixel 49. Film (Transistor)) is turned on (ON) and off (OFF).
  • the scanning circuit 42 is electrically connected to the image display panel 30 by a scanning line SCL.
  • the scanning line SCL extends along the X direction and the signal line DTL extends along the Y direction.
  • this is an example of the extending direction of the scanning line SCL and the signal line DTL, and is not limited thereto. However, it can be changed as appropriate.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing an example of a schematic sectional structure of the image display panel.
  • the array substrate 30a and the counter substrate 30b are stacked in this order along the Z direction, and a plurality of the substrates are arranged between the array substrate 30a and the counter substrate 30b.
  • a liquid crystal layer LC1 including the liquid crystal element LC is provided.
  • the array substrate 30a has a substrate 21, insulating films 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d, a switching element 24, a counter electrode 26, a pixel electrode 28, and an alignment film 29.
  • the counter substrate 30b has a substrate 31 and an alignment film 32.
  • the switching element 24 has a channel 24a, a source 24b, a gate 24c, and a drain 24d.
  • the laminated structure of the image display panel 30 will be described.
  • a substrate 21, an insulating film 22a, an insulating film 22b, an insulating film 22c, a counter electrode 26, an insulating film 22d, a pixel electrode 28, and an alignment film 29 are stacked (superposed) in this order in the Z direction.
  • the substrate 21 is a substrate such as a glass substrate or a film substrate.
  • a channel 24a (island) of the switching element 24 is provided on the substrate 21.
  • the insulating film 22a is provided on the substrate 21 and in contact with the channel 24a.
  • the gate 24c of the switching element 24 is provided on the insulating film 22a at a position overlapping with the channel 24a.
  • the insulating film 22b is provided on the insulating film 22a and in contact with the gate 24c.
  • the source 24b and the drain 24d of the switching element 24 are provided on the insulating film 22b at positions overlapping the channel 24a. Part of the source 24b and the drain 24d penetrate the insulating films 22b and 22a and are connected to the channel 24a.
  • the insulating film 22c is provided on the insulating film 22b and in contact with the source 24b and the drain 24d. Note that the gate 24c is disposed on the side opposite to the substrate with respect to the channel 24a, and the configuration of a so-called top gate has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the gate 24c may have a configuration of a bottom gate disposed between the channel 24a and the substrate via an insulating film.
  • the counter electrode 26 is an electrode arranged to face the pixel electrode 28, and in the present embodiment, is a common electrode provided in the display area OA of the image display panel 30.
  • the counter electrode 26 may be configured by a plurality of block-shaped electrodes extending in the X direction or the Y direction in the display area OA.
  • the insulating film 22d is provided on the counter electrode 26.
  • the pixel electrodes 28 that constitute the sub-pixels 49 are provided on the insulating film 22d, and a plurality of pixel electrodes 28 are provided in a matrix in the display area OA.
  • Each pixel electrode 28 has a shape provided with a plurality of groove-shaped openings extending in the Y direction. In other words, a plurality of band-shaped electrodes forming comb teeth extending in the Y direction. Is provided.
  • the insulating films 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d are made of, for example, an insulating member such as a silicon nitride film (SiNx).
  • the counter electrode 26 and the pixel electrode 28 are transparent electrodes made of, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO). Further, in the present embodiment, the counter electrode 26 is disposed between the pixel electrode 28 and the substrate 21tp, but is not limited thereto. For example, the pixel electrode 28 may be disposed between the counter electrode 26 and the substrate 21, or the counter electrode 26 and the pixel electrode 28 may be disposed in the same layer.
  • the alignment film 29 is provided on the uppermost side of the array substrate 30a, in other words, provided on the pixel electrode 28 and the insulating film 22d. That is, the alignment film 29 is the surface of the array substrate 30a on the liquid crystal layer LC1 side.
  • the alignment film 29 enables the liquid crystal element LC in the liquid crystal layer LC1 to be oriented in a predetermined direction, that is, an initial alignment direction, when no electric field (voltage) is applied between the counter electrode 26 and the pixel electrode 28. It is a plate composed. That is, the initial alignment direction is a direction in which the alignment film 29 aligns the liquid crystal element LC when no electric field (voltage) is applied between the counter electrode 26 and the pixel electrode 28.
  • the alignment film 29 a plurality of grooves are formed on the surface on the liquid crystal layer LC1 side by performing rubbing on the surface on the liquid crystal layer LC1 side. Since the liquid crystal element LC near the alignment film 29 is aligned along the rubbing direction, the rubbing direction can be said to be the initial alignment direction.
  • the alignment film 29 may be, for example, a rubbed film of a polyimide (PI) -based alignment film material.
  • the alignment film 29 may be configured to be able to align the liquid crystal element LC in the initial alignment direction by a process other than rubbing.
  • the alignment film 29 may be a photo alignment film.
  • the counter substrate 30b has the alignment film 32 and the substrate 31 stacked (superposed) in the Z direction in this direction.
  • the alignment film 32 is the surface of the counter substrate 30b on the liquid crystal layer LC1 side.
  • the alignment film 32 is a plate configured so that the liquid crystal element LC in the liquid crystal layer LC1 can be aligned in the initial alignment direction when no voltage is applied between the counter electrode 26 and the pixel electrode 28.
  • the initial alignment direction of the alignment film 32 is parallel to the initial alignment direction of the alignment film 29, and more specifically, is the same as the initial alignment direction of the alignment film 29.
  • the alignment film 32 may be capable of aligning the liquid crystal element LC in the initial alignment direction by rubbing treatment, or may be capable of aligning the liquid crystal element LC in the initial alignment direction by other processing such as optical alignment. It may be.
  • the substrate 31 is a substrate such as a glass substrate or a film substrate, and forms the uppermost surface of the counter substrate 30b.
  • the alignment direction of the liquid crystal element LC changes according to the applied electric field (voltage).
  • the liquid crystal layer LC1 modulates light passing through the inside of the liquid crystal layer LC1 according to the state of the electric field.
  • the direction of the liquid crystal element LC changes due to an electric field (here, a horizontal electric field) applied between the pixel electrode 28 and the counter electrode 26, and the amount of light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer LC1 changes.
  • the liquid crystal element LC is aligned based on the initial alignment direction defined in the alignment films 29 and 32 when no electric field is applied between the pixel electrode 28 and the counter electrode 26.
  • each of the plurality of sub-pixels 49 has the pixel electrode 28.
  • the plurality of switching elements 24 for individually controlling the operations (light transmittance) of the plurality of sub-pixels 49 are electrically connected to the pixel electrodes 28, respectively.
  • the image display panel 30 is a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display panel, and more specifically, an FFS (Fringe Field Switching) type liquid crystal display panel.
  • the image display panel 30 is not limited to the FFS type, and may be any type of liquid crystal display panel.
  • the image display panel 30 may be a horizontal electric field type IPS (In Plane Switching) type liquid crystal display panel or a vertical electric field type liquid crystal display panel.
  • the image display panel 30 may be a vertical electric field type VA (Vertical Alignment) liquid crystal display panel or a vertical electric field type TN (Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal display panel.
  • VA Vertical Alignment
  • TN Transmission Nematic
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the display area and the display divided area.
  • the display area OA of the image display panel 30 has a plurality of display divided areas PA.
  • the display area OA is an area obtained by combining all of the plurality of display divided areas PA.
  • the display area OA shown in FIG. 6 is a total corresponding to a combination of the coordinates x1, x2,..., X9 set along the X direction and the coordinates y1, y2, y3, y4 set along the Y direction. It has a display divided area PA individually provided at a position corresponding to each of the 36 coordinates.
  • the number of display divided areas PA included in the display area OA is not limited to 36, and it is sufficient that two or more display divided areas PA are included.
  • the display area OA has the display divided area PA divided along both the X direction and the Y direction, but is not limited thereto, and the display area OA is divided only along one of the X direction and the Y direction. It may have a divided area PA.
  • the number and arrangement of the display divided areas PA included in the display area OA correspond to the number and arrangement of the first electrodes 81 included in the light control panel 80 described later.
  • One or more pixels 48 are arranged in each of the display divided areas PA.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a main configuration of the light source unit.
  • the light source unit 50 has a side light positioned on the side of the display area OA when the display area OA is viewed in a plan view.
  • a plurality of light sources 51 are arranged along the X direction at both ends in the Y direction with respect to the light guide plate LA provided at a position corresponding to the display area OA in the XY plan view.
  • the light source 51 may be arranged only on one end side in the Y direction with respect to the light guide plate LA.
  • the light source 51 is, for example, a light emitting diode (LED: Light Emitting Diode) that emits white light, but is not limited to this and can be changed as appropriate.
  • Light from the light source 51 is guided to the light guide plate LA to illuminate the entire display area OA from the back surface 30s side.
  • the number of the light sources 51 arranged in a line along the X direction at each of one end side and the other end side in the Y direction is 9, and a total of 18 light sources 51 are arranged. It is an example of the number and the arrangement, and is not limited to this, and can be appropriately changed.
  • the light source unit 50 may be a so-called direct backlight having a light source such as an LED provided immediately below the display area OA when viewed in a plan view.
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows a plurality of light source areas GA corresponding to the coordinates of each of the plurality of display divided areas PA in order to show the correspondence between the light guide plate LA and the display area OA.
  • the light source 51 When the light source 51 is turned on, light is guided by the light guide plate LA, so that each of the plurality of light source areas GA emits substantially the same amount of light from the back side of the display division area PA corresponding to each position. That is, the light source unit 50 of the first embodiment emits light with a predetermined output without controlling the light amount corresponding to the light amount required in each of the plurality of display divided areas PA.
  • the light control unit 70 has a function related to control of the light amount corresponding to the light amount required in each of the plurality of display divided areas PA.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a main configuration of the light control unit.
  • the light control panel 80 has a plurality of first electrodes 81 provided in the light control area DA.
  • the first electrodes 81 are arranged in a matrix in the X direction and the Y direction.
  • the light control panel 80 shown in FIG. 8 corresponds to a combination of the coordinates of x1, x2,..., X9 set along the X direction and the coordinates of y1, y2, y3, y4 set along the Y direction.
  • the first electrode 81 is provided individually at a position corresponding to each of the coordinates of the total 36.
  • the first electrode 81 has a shape in which a plurality of groove-shaped openings extending in the Y direction are provided. In other words, a plurality of strip-shaped electrodes forming comb teeth extending in the Y direction are formed. Configuration.
  • Each of the plurality of first electrodes 81 is connected to the circuit section 90 via the wiring 86.
  • the circuit unit 90 as the second signal output unit individually controls the potential of the first electrode 81 in accordance with the local dimming signal DI, and thereby controls each of the plurality of regions LD where the first electrode 81 is individually provided. Light transmittance is individually controlled. As described above, the light control area DA is divided into a plurality of areas LD in which the transmittance of light can be individually controlled.
  • the positions of the plurality of display division areas PA correspond to the respective positions of the plurality of areas LD. It corresponds to the position.
  • the number of the areas LD included in the light control area DA is not limited to 36, and it is sufficient that at least two areas LD are included.
  • the dimming region DA has a region LD arranged along both the X direction and the Y direction, but is not limited thereto, and a region LD arranged only along one of the X direction and the Y direction. May be provided.
  • the light control area DA is provided so as to cover the entire display area OA in a plan view, and the transmittance of light that is guided by the light guide plate LA and illuminates the entire display area OA from the back side is adjusted in each of the plurality of areas LD. They are individually controllable.
  • FIG. 9A is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a schematic cross-sectional structure of the light control panel.
  • FIG. 9A is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
  • the light control panel 80 includes a first substrate 80 s and a second substrate 80 t that are stacked in this order along the Z direction, and a gap between the first substrate 80 s and the second substrate 80 t.
  • a liquid crystal layer LC2 including a plurality of liquid crystal elements LC is provided.
  • the first substrate 80s has a first electrode 81, a second electrode 82, a substrate 84, insulating films 85a, 85b, 85c, 85d, a switching element 88, and an alignment film 89.
  • the second substrate 80t has a substrate 72 and an alignment film 74.
  • the switching element 88 has a channel 88a, a source 88b, a gate 88c, and a drain 88d.
  • the laminated structure of the light control panel 80 will be described.
  • a substrate 84, an insulating film 85a, an insulating film 85b, an insulating film 85c, a second electrode 82, an insulating film 85d, a first electrode 81, and an alignment film 89 are stacked in this order in the Z direction.
  • the substrate 84 is a substrate such as a glass substrate or a film substrate.
  • a channel 88a (island) is provided on the substrate 84.
  • the insulating film 85a is provided on the substrate 84 and in contact with the channel 88a.
  • a gate 88c is provided on the insulating film 85a at a position overlapping with the channel 88a.
  • the insulating film 85b is provided on the insulating film 85a and in contact with the gate 88c.
  • a source 88b and a drain 88d are provided on the insulating film 85b at positions overlapping the channel 88a. Part of the source 88b and the drain 88d penetrate the insulating films 85b and 85a and are connected to the channel 88a.
  • the insulating film 85c is provided on the insulating film 85b and in contact with the source 88b and the drain 88d. Note that the gate 24c is disposed on the side opposite to the substrate with respect to the channel 24a, and the configuration of a so-called top gate has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the gate 24c may have a configuration of a bottom gate disposed between the channel 24a and the substrate via an insulating film.
  • the second electrode 82 is an electrode disposed to face the first electrode 81, and in the present embodiment, is a common electrode provided in the light control area DA of the light control panel 80. Note that the second electrode 82 may be configured with a plurality of block-shaped electrodes extending in the X direction or the Y direction in the light control area DA.
  • the insulating film 85d is provided on the second electrode 82.
  • the first electrode 81 is provided on the insulating film 85d, and is provided for each region LD. The first electrode 81 is connected to the drain 88d.
  • the insulating films 85a, 85b, 85c, 85d are made of, for example, an insulating member such as a silicon nitride film (SiNx).
  • the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 are, for example, transparent electrodes made of indium tin oxide (ITO) or the like.
  • the second electrode 82 is disposed between the first electrode 81 and the substrate 84, but is not limited to this.
  • the first electrode 81 may be arranged between the second electrode 82 and the substrate 84, or the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 may be arranged in the same layer.
  • the alignment film 89 is provided on the uppermost side of the first substrate 80s, in other words, provided on the first electrode 81 and the insulating film 85d. That is, the alignment film 89 is the surface of the first substrate 80s on the liquid crystal layer LC2 side.
  • the alignment film 89 aligns the liquid crystal element LC in the liquid crystal layer LC2 in an initial alignment direction that is a predetermined direction. It is a plate that can be configured. That is, the initial alignment direction is a direction in which the alignment film 89 aligns the liquid crystal element LC when no electric field (voltage) is applied between the second electrode 82 and the first electrode 81.
  • the alignment film 89 by performing rubbing on the surface on the liquid crystal layer LC2 side, a plurality of grooves are formed on the surface on the liquid crystal layer LC2 side in one direction, that is, along the rubbing direction. Since the liquid crystal element LC near the alignment film 89 is aligned along the rubbing direction, the rubbing direction can be said to be the initial alignment direction.
  • the alignment film 89 may be, for example, a polyimide (PI) -based alignment film material subjected to a rubbing process.
  • the alignment film 89 may be configured to be able to align the liquid crystal element LC in the initial alignment direction by a process other than rubbing such as optical alignment.
  • the alignment film 89 may be a photo alignment film.
  • the second substrate 80t has the alignment film 74 and the substrate 72 stacked (superposed) in the Z direction in this direction.
  • the alignment film 74 is the surface of the second substrate 80t on the liquid crystal layer LC2 side.
  • the alignment film 74 is a plate configured so that the liquid crystal element LC in the liquid crystal layer LC2 can be aligned in the initial alignment direction when no voltage is applied between the second electrode 82 and the first electrode 81. .
  • the initial alignment direction of the alignment film 74 is parallel to the initial alignment direction of the alignment film 89, and more specifically, is the same as the initial alignment direction of the alignment film 89.
  • the alignment film 74 may be capable of aligning the liquid crystal element LC in the initial alignment direction by rubbing treatment such as optical alignment, or may be capable of aligning the liquid crystal element LC in the initial alignment direction by other processing. It may be.
  • the substrate 72 is, for example, a substrate such as a glass substrate or a film substrate, and forms the uppermost surface of the second substrate 80t.
  • the light control panel 80 stacked in this manner transmits light irradiated from the light source unit 50 by the voltage applied between the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82 within the liquid crystal layer LC2 so as to reduce the transmittance.
  • the light is transmitted to the rear surface 30 s of the image display panel 30 while being changed.
  • the alignment direction of the liquid crystal element LC changes according to an applied electric field (voltage).
  • the liquid crystal layer LC2 modulates light passing through the inside of the liquid crystal layer LC2 according to the state of the electric field.
  • the direction of the liquid crystal element LC changes due to an electric field (here, a horizontal electric field) applied between the second electrode 82 and the first electrode 81, and the amount of light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer LC2 changes.
  • the liquid crystal element LC is aligned based on the initial alignment direction defined in the alignment films 74 and 89 when no electric field is applied between the second electrode 82 and the first electrode 81. Then, when an electric field is applied between the second electrode 82 and the first electrode 81, the liquid crystal element LC is oriented in an alignment direction according to the strength of the applied electric field.
  • a predetermined output potential provided by the circuit section 90 is applied to the source 88b.
  • the drain 88d is electrically connected to the first electrode 81 via the wiring 86.
  • the switching element 88 switches whether or not the drain current flows through the first electrode 81 according to the presence or absence of a signal to the gate 88c.
  • the light control panel 80 is a liquid crystal panel of a horizontal electric field type similarly to the image display panel 30, and more specifically, a liquid crystal panel of an FFS (Fringe Field Switching) type.
  • the light control panel 80 is not limited to the FFS type, and may be any type of liquid crystal panel.
  • the light control panel 80 may be a horizontal electric field type IPS (In Plane Switching) type liquid crystal panel or a vertical electric field type liquid crystal panel.
  • the light control panel 80 may be a vertical electric field type VA (Vertical Alignment) type or TN (Twisted Nematic) type liquid crystal panel as shown in a modified example described later.
  • VA Vertical Alignment
  • TN Transmission Nematic
  • the image analysis unit 11 performs an analysis process for specifying the gradation value of the pixel 48 driven at the highest gradation among the plurality of pixels 48 included in the display divided area PA.
  • the image analysis unit 11 individually performs an analysis process on each of the plurality of display divided areas PA.
  • the dimming control unit 12 controls the plurality of display divided areas PA such that the light amount corresponding to the gradation value of the pixel 48 driven at the highest gradation in each of the plurality of display divided areas PA is applied to each of the plurality of display divided areas PA.
  • the transmittance of each of the regions LD is determined.
  • the light amount required for the display divided area PA is the minimum.
  • the light amount becomes (0)
  • the transmittance of the area LD at the position corresponding to the display divided area PA becomes the lowest transmittance (0).
  • the tone value of the pixel 48 driven at the highest tone is
  • the light amount required for the position corresponding to the display divided area PA is
  • the transmittance of the region LD is the second lowest transmittance (0.25).
  • the amount of light required for the display divided area PA is the second largest light quantity (127), and the transmittance of the area LD corresponding to the display divided area PA is the second highest transmittance (0.5). Become.
  • the relationship between the light quantity required for the display divided area PA and the transmittance of the area LD is merely an example and is not limited to this. The specific relationship between the gradation value, the light quantity, and the transmittance is appropriately determined. Can be changed.
  • the image analysis unit 11 outputs information indicating the result of the analysis process to the light control unit 12 and the correction unit 14.
  • the dimming control unit 12 reflects, on the first signal DATA, information indicating the transmittance of each of the plurality of areas LD corresponding to the amount of light required for each of the plurality of display divided areas PA indicated by the analysis processing result.
  • the dimming signal DI is generated and output to the dimming buffer 13 and the correction unit 14.
  • the correction unit 14 performs a correction process of correcting the tone value of each of the plurality of pixels 48 included in each of the plurality of display divided areas PA according to the transmittance of each of the plurality of areas LD.
  • the correction process is a process in which the lowest transmittance is set to 0 and the highest transmittance is set to 1, and the reciprocal of the transmittance is multiplied by the gradation value.
  • the transmittance of the region LD at the position corresponding to the display divided region PA Is controlled so as to have the second highest transmittance, and the light amount applied to the display divided area PA becomes the second largest light amount (127).
  • the correction unit 14 updates the gradation value of the pixel 48 included in each of the plurality of display divided areas PA according to the transmittance of each of the plurality of areas LD. Note that the correction unit 14 may omit the correction process for the display divided area PA corresponding to the area LD having the maximum transmittance (1). Thus, the correction unit 14 corrects the signal output to the image display panel 30 according to the transmittance, and reflects the signal on the output image signal.
  • the image buffer 15 and the dimming buffer 13 are configured to function as a storage area configured by, for example, a RAM (Random Access Memory).
  • the synchronizer 16 is configured to output the image frame of the input signal IP that is the source of the output image signal OP stored in the image buffer 15 and the input signal IP that is the source of the local dimming signal DI stored in the dimming buffer 13.
  • the image buffer 15 and the dimming buffer 13 are output at the same timing by matching the image frame. This makes it possible to match the frame image displayed in the display area OA with the amount of light applied to the image display panel 30 when the frame image is displayed and output.
  • the light source control unit 17 outputs the light source driving signal BL to the light source unit 50 so as to operate the light source unit 50 during a period in which the local dimming signal DI is output in response to the input of the input signal IP.
  • the light source unit 50 turns on the plurality of light sources 51 according to the light source drive signal BL.
  • FIG. 9B is a flowchart illustrating an example of the flow of processing of the signal processing unit.
  • the image analysis unit 11 performs an analysis process and specifies the pixel 48 having the maximum gradation for each of the plurality of display divided areas PA (Step S1).
  • the dimming control unit 12 maps each of the plurality of areas LD included in the dimming area DA to the maximum gray level of each display division area PA according to the maximum gray level of each display division area PA specified in step S1. (Step S2). Specifically, the dimming control unit 12 generates, for example, a local dimming signal DI for setting each of the plurality of areas LD to have a transmittance corresponding to the maximum gradation for each display division area PA, and And the correction unit 14.
  • the correction unit 14 acquires the transmittance distribution of the light control area DA indicated by the transmittance of each of the plurality of areas LD output from the light control controller 12 (step S3).
  • the correction unit 14 corrects the gradation value of each pixel 48 according to the transmittance of each of the plurality of regions LD (Step S4).
  • the display device 1 is provided with the dimming unit 70 as described above to control the transmittance of each region LD, thereby adjusting the amount of light applied to the image display panel 30 and improving the viewing angle characteristics. It is possible to do.
  • the viewing angle characteristic refers to the degree to which the change in image quality does not increase depending on the viewing direction of the display device, and in the present embodiment, refers to the degree to which the change in the contrast ratio does not increase according to the viewing direction of the display device.
  • the display device 1 according to the present embodiment can appropriately improve the viewing angle characteristics by providing the phase difference plate 60 in addition to the dimming unit 70.
  • the phase difference plate 60 will be described.
  • the phase difference plate 60 according to the present embodiment is provided on the image display panel 30 side of the light control panel 80 side and the image display panel 30 side.
  • the phase difference plate 60 according to the present embodiment has a shorter distance from the image display panel 30 than a distance from the light control panel 80.
  • the retardation plate 60 is provided so as to be in contact with the image display panel 30 and is separated from the light control panel 80. Note that the retardation plate 60 may be provided on the light control panel 80 side as in other embodiments described later.
  • the transmission axis directions of the upper polarizing plate 58, the middle polarizing plate 54, and the lower polarizing plate 52, and the initial orientation directions of the image display panel 30 and the light control panel 80 will be described.
  • the transmission axis of the upper polarizing plate 58 is along the X direction.
  • the transmission axis is an angle at which light that can be transmitted by the polarizing plate vibrates (polarization angle), and can be said to be a polarization axis. That is, the upper polarizing plate 58 transmits light that vibrates in the X direction among the incident light.
  • the transmission axis of the middle polarizing plate 54 is orthogonal to the transmission axis of the upper polarizing plate 58, in other words, along the Y direction.
  • the transmission axis of the lower polarizing plate 52 is orthogonal to the transmission axis of the middle polarizing plate 54. That is, the transmission axis of the lower polarizing plate 52 is parallel to the transmission axis of the upper polarizing plate 58, and is along the X direction.
  • the initial alignment direction of the image display panel 30 is the Y direction. In other words, the initial alignment direction (rubbing direction) of the alignment films 29 and 32 is the Y direction.
  • the initial alignment direction of the light control panel 80 is the Y direction.
  • the initial alignment direction (rubbing direction) of the alignment films 89 and 74 is the Y direction. That is, in the present embodiment, the initial alignment direction of the image display panel 30 and the initial alignment direction of the light control panel 80 are parallel.
  • the display device 1 according to the first embodiment includes the lower polarizing plate 52 whose transmission axis direction is the X direction, the dimming panel 80 whose initial alignment direction is the Y direction, and the middle polarizing plate whose transmission axis direction is the Y direction. 54, the image display panel 30 whose initial alignment direction is the Y direction, the phase difference plate 60, and the upper polarizing plate 58 whose transmission axis direction is the X direction are in the Z direction in which light from the light source unit 50 travels. Are stacked in this order.
  • the phase difference plate 60 includes an initial orientation direction of a panel (the image display panel 30 in the present embodiment) on a closer side of the image display panel 30 and the light control panel 80, and a polarizer ( In this embodiment, the position with respect to the panel is set based on the transmission axis direction of the upper polarizing plate 58). More specifically, the retardation plate 60 includes an initial orientation direction of a panel on the near side (the image display panel 30 in the present embodiment) and a polarizer (the upper polarizer 58 in the present embodiment) closest to the Z direction side of the panel. When the transmission axis direction is orthogonal to that of the panel, it is preferable to dispose it on the upper side of the panel.
  • the phase difference plate 60 is located above the image display panel 30, that is, above the image display panel 30. It is provided between the polarizing plate 58.
  • the initial alignment direction of the image display panel 30 and the transmission axis direction of the upper polarizing plate 58 are set to be orthogonal to each other.
  • the retardation plate 60 When the retardation plate 60 is stacked at a position close to the adhesive layer 56, for example, by joining the retardation plate 60 and the adhesive layer 56, the characteristics of the retardation plate 60, that is, a method of giving a phase difference may be inappropriate. There is.
  • the retardation plate 60 by setting the initial alignment direction of the image display panel 30 and the transmission axis direction of the upper polarizing plate 58 to be orthogonal to each other, the retardation plate 60 is provided at a position far from the adhesive layer 56. And the deterioration of the characteristics of the phase difference plate 60 can be suppressed.
  • the retardation plate 60 includes an initial alignment direction of a panel on the near side (the image display panel 30 in the present embodiment) and a polarizer (the upper polarizing plate 58 in the present embodiment) on the Z direction side of the panel.
  • a polarizer the upper polarizing plate 58 in the present embodiment
  • the panel is disposed on the opposite side (lower side) of the panel.
  • the position where the retardation plate 60 is laminated is set as described above. Next, characteristics of the phase difference plate 60 will be described.
  • the phase difference plate 60 is made of a birefringent anisotropic material, and gives a phase difference to transmitted light. That is, the retardation plate 60 has a refractive index in at least one axis different from that of the other axes.
  • the retardation plate 60 is a biaxial retardation plate having biaxial anisotropy.
  • the refractive indices in three axes are different from each other.
  • the three axes are axes in the X, Y, and Z directions.
  • the retardation plate 60 has a refractive index characteristic that satisfies either the following expression (1) or expression (2).
  • nx > nz > ny ... (1) nz > nx > ny ... (2)
  • the phase difference plate 60 has a refractive index n y is smaller than the refractive indices n x and the refractive index n z.
  • the Y direction is an initial orientation direction of the image display panel 30
  • the Z direction is a superimposition direction in which the panels and the like are superimposed (laminated)
  • the X direction is orthogonal to the initial orientation direction and the superimposition direction. The direction is orthogonal. Accordingly, the phase difference plate 60, than the refractive index n y in the initial alignment direction of the image display panel 30, the refractive index n z in the superposition direction and the perpendicular direction, it can be said that n x high.
  • the phase difference plate 60 in this embodiment is the two-axis phase difference plate, the refractive index n z and it is different in the direction perpendicular to the refractive indices n x in the superposition direction, the relationships among the display device 1 Can be arbitrarily set according to the configuration of the above. That is, in the present embodiment, than the refractive index n y in the initial alignment direction, the refractive index n z in the superposition direction and the perpendicular direction, that at least one of n x high be preferred.
  • the retardation Re in the direction along the XY plane, that is, the in-plane direction is, for example, 0 nm or more and 150 nm or less
  • the retardation Rth in the Z direction is, for example, -100 nm or more. It becomes 100 nm or less.
  • the retardation Re of the phase difference plate 60 is obtained by the following equation (3)
  • the retardation Rth of the phase difference plate 60 is obtained by the following equation (4).
  • D d is the length (thickness) of the retardation plate 60 along the Z direction.
  • the in-plane retardation Re of the image display panel 30 and the light control panel 80 is, for example, not less than 250 nm and not more than 400 nm. However, the numerical ranges of the retardations Re and Rth described above are examples.
  • the orientation angle that is, the slow axis is along the X direction.
  • the slow axis of the phase difference plate 60 is orthogonal to the initial alignment direction of the image display panel 30 and is parallel to the transmission axis of the upper polarizing plate 58.
  • the slow axis of the phase difference plate 60 may be along the Y direction.
  • the slow axis may be parallel to the initial alignment direction of the image display panel 30 and may be orthogonal to the transmission axis of the upper polarizing plate 58. Good.
  • the phase difference plate 60 has the above configuration. As described above, the display device 1 according to the present embodiment is capable of appropriately improving the viewing angle characteristics by providing the phase difference plate 60 in addition to the dimming unit 70. Hereinafter, the improvement of the viewing angle characteristics when the retardation plate 60 is provided will be described.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of a display device according to a comparative example.
  • the display device 1 ⁇ / b> Z according to the comparative example does not have the retardation plate 60.
  • the light source unit 50Z, the lower polarizing plate 52Z, the light control panel 80Z, the middle polarizing plate 54Z, the adhesive layer 56Z, the image display panel 30Z, and the upper polarizing plate 58Z are stacked (superimposed) in this order in the Z direction. ).
  • the display device 1Z has, for example, the same laminated configuration as the display device 1 according to the present embodiment except that the display device 1Z does not include the phase difference plate 60, and the light control panel 80Z and the image display panel 30Z are of the FFS type. ing.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the result of the viewing angle characteristics of the comparative example and the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating viewing angle characteristics on a two-dimensional coordinate plane in the X direction and the Y direction.
  • the diagram on the left side of FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a first comparative example, that is, an example of viewing angle characteristics in the display device 1 ⁇ / b> Z illustrated in FIG. 10.
  • 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of viewing angle characteristics in the first embodiment, that is, the display device 1 illustrated in FIG.
  • the horizontal axis is the X direction
  • the vertical axis is the Y direction.
  • the XY directions are axes that form an angle between the horizontal axis and the vertical axis.
  • a region Ar1 on the center side of the circle is a region having a high contrast ratio
  • a region Ar2 outside the region Ar1 is a region having a lower contrast ratio than the region Ar1.
  • the light-colored region between the region Ar1 and the region Ar2 is a region where the contrast ratio is lower than the region Ar1 and higher than the region Ar2. That is, as for the viewing angle characteristics, it is desirable that the area Ar1 be wide and the area Ar2 be narrow.
  • the viewing direction is moved in the X direction from the center position of the circle, which is the position when the display device is viewed from the front, the display device remains in the region Ar1. Therefore, the viewing angle is relatively good.
  • an area Ar2 occurs in the first comparative example. That is, in the first comparative example, it is desirable to improve the viewing angle characteristics particularly in the XY directions (oblique directions).
  • the region Ar2 in the XY directions is eliminated, and the region Ar1 is larger than in the first comparative example, and the viewing angle characteristics are improved.
  • the display device 1 according to the first embodiment can improve the viewing angle characteristics by providing the phase difference plate 60.
  • the image display panel if it is FFS type, refractive indices n x in the X direction becomes the highest, and the refractive index n z in the refractive index n y and Z directions of the Y-direction tends to decrease.
  • the phase difference plate 60 has a refractive index n y is less than the refractive indices n x and the refractive index n z.
  • the retardation plate 60 by increasing the refractive indices in the X and Z directions, the refractive index of the transmitted light is appropriately adjusted, and the viewing angle characteristics particularly in the XY directions (oblique directions) are improved. be able to.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of a display device according to another example of the first embodiment.
  • the retardation plate 60 according to the first embodiment is provided on the Z direction side of the image display panel 30 as shown in FIG.
  • the phase difference plate 60 may be provided on the image display panel 30 on the side opposite to the Z direction. That is, as shown in FIG. 12, the display device 1 includes a light source unit 50, a lower polarizing plate 52, a dimming panel 80, an adhesive layer 56, a middle polarizing plate 54, a retardation plate 60, an image display panel 30, and an upper polarizing plate. 58 are stacked (superimposed) in this order in the Z direction.
  • the phase difference plate 60 is disposed on the opposite side of the panel on the near side (here, the image display panel 30) in the Z direction. Therefore, in this case, the initial alignment direction of the panel (the image display panel 30 in the present embodiment) on the side closer to the retardation plate 60 and the polarizer closest to the Z direction side of the panel (the upper polarizer 58 in the present embodiment). ) Is preferably parallel to the transmission axis direction. Furthermore, in the example of FIG. 12, the adhesive layer 56 is provided between the light control panel 80 and the middle polarizer 54 so as not to contact the retardation plate 60.
  • the adhesive layer 56 is not necessarily limited to not being in contact with the retardation plate 60, and may be provided between the middle polarizing plate 54 and the retardation plate 60. As described above, even when the retardation plate 60 is provided on the opposite side of the image display panel 30 in the Z direction, the viewing angle characteristics can be improved.
  • the display device 1 includes the image display panel 30 having the plurality of pixels 48, the light source unit 50, the light control panel 80, and the phase difference plate 60.
  • the light source unit 50 is arranged on the back surface 30 s side of the image display panel 30.
  • the light control panel 80 is provided between the image display panel 30 and the light source unit 50, and includes a plurality of first electrodes 81 arranged in a matrix, a second electrode 82 facing the first electrodes 81, and a liquid crystal layer. LC2.
  • the light control panel 80 changes the transmittance of the light emitted from the light source unit 50 in the liquid crystal layer LC2 while changing the transmittance of the light, based on the voltage applied between the first electrode 81 and the second electrode 82.
  • the display panel 30 is configured to be able to transmit light to the back surface 30 s side.
  • the phase difference plate 60 is provided so as to overlap the image display panel 30 and the light control panel 80, and gives a phase difference to transmitted light.
  • the display device 1 includes the phase difference plate 60 in addition to the light control panel 80, so that the refractive index of transmitted light can be appropriately adjusted, and the viewing angle characteristics can be improved.
  • the light control panel 80 has a plurality of first electrodes 81.
  • the light control panel 80 has a light control area DA that is divided into a plurality of areas LD while being superimposed on the display area OA of the image display panel 30 when viewed in a plan view, that is, in the Z direction.
  • Each of the plurality of regions LD has a first electrode 81.
  • the light control panel 80 includes the first electrode 81 in each of the divided one region. Therefore, the display device 1 controls the transmittance in each of the plurality of regions LD, thereby more appropriately controlling the light amount in each of the display divided regions PA in the local dimming, and more suitably improving the viewing angle characteristics. be able to.
  • the phase difference plate 60 than the refractive index n y in the image display panel 30 or the dimming panel 80 initial alignment direction of the (image display panel 30 in the first embodiment) (Y-direction), the image display panel 30 or tone refractive index n z in the superposition direction (Z direction) of the light panel 80 and the retardation plate 60 are overlapped, and at least one of the refractive indices n x orthogonal direction (X direction) is higher. Therefore, according to the retardation plate 60, the refractive index of the transmitted light can be appropriately adjusted, and the viewing angle characteristics particularly in the XY directions (oblique directions) can be improved.
  • the display device 1 includes an upper polarizing plate 58, a middle polarizing plate 54, and a lower polarizing plate 52.
  • the upper polarizing plate 58 is provided on the front surface 30t side of the image display panel 30, the middle polarizing plate 54 is provided between the image display panel 30 and the light control panel 80, and the lower polarizing plate 52 is provided on the light control panel 80.
  • the light source unit 50 Since the display device 1 includes the upper polarizing plate 58, the middle polarizing plate 54, and the lower polarizing plate 52, the viewing angle characteristics can be appropriately improved.
  • the retardation plate 60 is provided between the upper polarizing plate 58 and the middle polarizing plate 54. Since the retardation plate 60 is provided between the upper polarizing plate 58 and the middle polarizing plate 54, the retardation plate 60 is disposed on the image display panel 30 side of the image display panel 30 and the light control panel 80. Therefore, according to the retardation plate 60, the viewing angle characteristics can be appropriately improved.
  • the phase plate 60 is provided between the upper polarizing plate 58 and the image display panel 30.
  • the transmission axis of the upper polarizing plate 58 is orthogonal to the initial alignment direction of the image display panel 30.
  • the phase difference plate 60 is provided between the upper polarizing plate 58 and the image display panel 30 in a state where the transmission axis of the upper polarizing plate 58 is orthogonal to the initial alignment direction of the image display panel 30. . Therefore, according to the display device 1, it is possible to appropriately maintain the polarization direction of the transmitted light and appropriately improve the viewing angle characteristics.
  • the retardation plate 60 can be provided separately from the adhesive layer 56 between the image display panel 30 and the light control panel 80. Therefore, according to the display device 1, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the characteristics of the phase difference plate 60.
  • the phase difference plate 60 may be provided between the image display panel 30 and the middle polarizer 54, and the transmission axis of the upper polarizer 58 may be parallel to the initial orientation direction of the image display panel 30. Good.
  • the phase difference plate 60 is provided between the image display panel 30 and the middle polarizer 54 with the transmission axis of the upper polarizer 58 parallel to the initial alignment direction of the image display panel 30. . Therefore, according to the display device 1, it is possible to appropriately maintain the polarization direction of the transmitted light and appropriately improve the viewing angle characteristics.
  • the display device 1 has an adhesive layer 56 between the image display panel 30 and the light control panel 80, which joins the image display panel 30 and the light control panel 80.
  • the phase difference plate 60 is disposed on the opposite side of the adhesive layer 56 via the image display panel 30 or the light control panel 80, and more specifically, in the first embodiment, via the image display panel 30.
  • the retardation plate 60 can be provided separately from the adhesive layer 56, so that a decrease in the characteristics of the retardation plate 60 can be suppressed.
  • the display device 1a according to the 1-1 modification is different from the display device according to the first embodiment in that the light control panel 80 is not an FFS type liquid crystal panel.
  • the 1-1 modified example description of portions having the same configuration as the first embodiment will be omitted.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a schematic cross-sectional structure of the light control panel according to the 1-1 modification.
  • the light control panel 80 according to the 1-1 modification is a VA liquid crystal panel, and has a first substrate 80s and a second substrate 80t.
  • a first substrate 80s according to the 1-1 modified example has a first electrode 81a, a substrate 84a, insulating films 85aa, 85ba, 85ca, a switching element 88a1, and an alignment film 89a.
  • a second substrate 80t according to the 1-1 modification includes a substrate 72a, a second electrode 82a, and an alignment film 74a.
  • the switching element 88a1 has a channel 88aa, a source 88ba, a gate 88ca, and a drain 88da.
  • the laminated structure of the light control panel 80 will be described.
  • a substrate 84a, an insulating film 85aa, an insulating film 85ba, an insulating film 85ca, a first electrode 81a, and an alignment film 89a are stacked in this order in the Z direction ( Superimposed).
  • the substrate 84a is a substrate such as a glass substrate or a film substrate.
  • a channel 88aa (island) is provided on the substrate 84a.
  • the insulating film 85aa is provided on the substrate 84a and in contact with the channel 88aa.
  • a gate 88ca is provided on the insulating film 85aa at a position overlapping with the channel 88aa.
  • the insulating film 85ba is provided on the insulating film 85aa and in contact with the gate 88ca.
  • a source 88ba and a drain 88da are provided on the insulating film 85ba at positions overlapping the channel 88aa. Part of the source 88ba and the drain 88da penetrate the insulating films 85ba and 85aa and are connected to the channel 88aa.
  • the insulating film 85ca is provided over the insulating film 85ba and in contact with the source 88ba and the drain 88da.
  • the switching element 88a1 is not limited to the configuration of the top gate as in the present modification, and may have another configuration such as a bottom gate.
  • the first electrode 81a is provided on the insulating film 85ca, and is provided for each region LD.
  • the first electrode 81a is connected to the drain 88da.
  • the first electrode 81a is not a comb-like shape like the first electrode 81 of the first embodiment, but has a rectangular shape, for example.
  • the insulating films 85aa, 85ba, 85ca are made of an insulating material such as a silicon nitride film (SiNx).
  • the first electrode 81a and the second electrode 82a are transparent electrodes made of, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO).
  • the alignment film 89a is provided on the first substrate 80s closest to the Z direction, in other words, is provided on the first electrode 81a and the insulating film 85ca. That is, the alignment film 89a becomes the surface of the first substrate 80s on the liquid crystal layer LC2 side. Since the 1-1 modification is a VA type, an initial alignment process (rubbing process) is not required for the alignment film 89a, and the initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal element LC is the Z direction. However, the alignment film 89a may be rubbed.
  • the alignment film 89a causes the liquid crystal element LC in the liquid crystal layer LC2 to move in the initial direction in a predetermined direction. It may be configured to be capable of being oriented in the orientation direction. For example, by rubbing the surface of the alignment film 89a on the liquid crystal layer LC2 side, a plurality of grooves are formed on the surface on the liquid crystal layer LC2 side in one direction, that is, along the rubbing direction. Since the liquid crystal element LC near the alignment film 89a is aligned along the rubbing direction, the rubbing direction can be said to be the initial alignment direction.
  • the alignment film 89a may be, for example, a rubbed film of a polyimide (PI) -based alignment film material.
  • the alignment film 89a may be configured to be able to align the liquid crystal element LC in the initial alignment direction by a process other than rubbing such as optical alignment.
  • the alignment film 89a may be a photo alignment film.
  • the alignment film 74a, the second electrode 82a, and the substrate 72a are stacked (superposed) in the Z direction in this direction.
  • the alignment film 74a becomes the surface of the second substrate 80t on the liquid crystal layer LC2 side.
  • the alignment film 74a does not require an initial alignment process (rubbing process).
  • the alignment film 74a may have been rubbed. That is, the alignment film 74a is configured to be capable of aligning the liquid crystal element LC in the liquid crystal layer LC2 in the initial alignment direction when, for example, no voltage is applied between the second electrode 82 and the first electrode 81. May be.
  • the initial alignment direction of the alignment film 74a is, for example, parallel to the initial alignment direction of the alignment film 89a.
  • the alignment film 74a may be capable of aligning the liquid crystal element LC in the initial alignment direction by a rubbing process, or may be capable of aligning the liquid crystal element LC in the initial alignment direction by another process.
  • the alignment film 89a may be a photo alignment film.
  • one second electrode 82a is a common electrode provided in the light control area DA of the light control panel 80. Note that the second electrode 82a may be configured by a plurality of block-shaped electrodes extending in the X direction or the Y direction in the light control area DA.
  • the substrate 72a is, for example, a substrate such as a glass substrate or a film substrate, and forms the surface on the Z-direction side of the second substrate 80t.
  • the light control panel 80 is of the VA type, but the other points are the same as those of the first embodiment. It is the same as shown.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of the result of the viewing angle characteristics of the second comparative example and the 1-1 modification.
  • the laminated structure is the same as that of the display device 1Z shown in FIG. 10, but the light control panel 80Z is a VA type as in the 1-1 modified example.
  • the diagram on the left side of FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of the viewing angle characteristics in the second comparative example. Further, the diagram on the right side of FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of the viewing angle characteristic in the 1-1 modification.
  • the display device 1a according to the 1-1 modification can improve the viewing angle characteristics by providing the phase difference plate 60. That is, even if the light control panel 80 is of the VA type, the viewing angle characteristics are improved by providing the phase difference plate 60. Note that, in the display device 1 according to the first embodiment, since the dimming panel 80 is of the FFS type, the viewing angle characteristics are further improved as compared with the display device 1a according to the 1-1 modification example (see FIG. 11). See FIG. 14).
  • the display device 1b according to the 1-2nd modification is different from the display device according to the first embodiment in that the light control panel 80 is not an FFS type liquid crystal panel.
  • the 1-2nd modified example description of portions having the same configuration as the first embodiment will be omitted.
  • the light control panel 80 according to the 1-2nd modification is a TN type liquid crystal panel, and the laminated structure is the same as that of the 1-1st modification shown in FIG.
  • the initial alignment direction of the alignment film 89a and the initial alignment direction of the alignment film 74a are orthogonal to each other, and the liquid crystal element LC has a difference between the second electrode 82 and the first electrode 81. In a state where no voltage is applied between them, they are oriented along the XY-plane.
  • the light control panel 80 is of the TN type, but the other points are the same as those of the first embodiment and the 1-1st modification.
  • the laminated structure is the same as that shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of the result of the viewing angle characteristics of the third comparative example and the 1-2 modification.
  • the laminated structure is the same as that of the display device 1Z shown in FIG. 10, but the dimming panel 80Z is of the TN type as in the 1-2 modification.
  • the diagram on the left side of FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of the viewing angle characteristics in the third comparative example.
  • the diagram on the right side of FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of the viewing angle characteristics in the 1-2nd modification.
  • the display device 1b according to the 1-2nd modification can improve the viewing angle characteristics by providing the phase difference plate 60. That is, even if the light control panel 80 is of the TN type, the provision of the retardation plate 60 improves the viewing angle characteristics.
  • the dimming panel 80 is of the FFS type, the viewing angle characteristics are further improved compared to the display device 1b according to the 1-2nd modification (see FIG. 11 and FIG. 11). See FIG. 15).
  • the display device 1A according to the second embodiment is different from the display device 1 according to the first embodiment in that the phase difference plate 60A has two phase difference plates.
  • description of portions having the same configuration as the first embodiment will be omitted.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of the display device according to the second embodiment.
  • the display device 1A includes a light source unit 50, a lower polarizing plate 52, a light control panel 80, an adhesive layer 56, a middle polarizing plate 54, a retardation plate 60A, an image display panel 30, and an upper polarizing plate 58.
  • the display device 1A has the same stacking order as in the first embodiment.
  • the retardation plate 60A of the second embodiment is composed of a plurality of retardation plates. It has a phase difference plate 60A1 and a second phase difference plate 60A2.
  • the first retardation plate 60A1 is located between the image display panel 30 and the second retardation plate 60A2, and the second retardation plate 60A2 is located between the first retardation plate 60A1 and the upper polarizing plate 58. It is located in.
  • the positions of the first retardation plate 60A1 and the second retardation plate 60A2 may be interchanged.
  • the first retardation plate 60A1 and the second retardation plate 60A2 have a refractive index in at least one axis different from that of another axis.
  • the retardation plate 60A is a uniaxial retardation plate having uniaxial anisotropy.
  • the retardation plate 60A has the same refractive index in two axes and has the same refractive index in the other axes. The index differs from the refractive index in the other two axes.
  • the three axes are axes in the X, Y, and Z directions.
  • the first retardation plate 60A1 satisfies the following expression (5)
  • the second retardation plate 60A2 has a refractive index characteristic satisfying the following expression (6).
  • the first phase plate 60A1 has a refractive index n z is higher than the refractive indices n x and the refractive index n y. That is, the first phase difference plate 60A1 has a refractive index n z in the superposition direction, said initial orientation direction and the perpendicular direction of the refractive index n x, higher than n y.
  • the first retardation plate 60A1 are the uniaxial retardation plate, equal to the refractive indices n x in the refractive index n y perpendicular direction in the initial alignment direction.
  • the second retardation plate 60A2 has a refractive indices n x is higher than the refractive index n z and a refractive index n y. That is, the second phase difference plate 60A2 has a refractive indices n x orthogonal direction, said refractive index of the initial alignment direction and superimposing direction n y, higher than n z.
  • the second phase difference plate 60A2 are the uniaxial retardation plate, the refractive index in the initial alignment direction n y and refractive index n z in the superposed direction are equal.
  • the phase difference plate 60A includes a first phase difference plate 60A1 refractive index n z in the superposition direction is high, and the refractive indices n x orthogonal direction is higher second retardation plate 60A2 It is configured to overlap. Accordingly, the phase difference plate 60A is, by superimposing these two retardation plates, than the refractive index n y in the initial alignment direction (Y direction), and the refractive index n z in the superposition direction (Z direction), orthogonal the refractive indices n x direction (X direction) can be increased. By thus using two uniaxial retardation plates, the thickness of the entire phase plate can be reduced.
  • first retardation plate 60A1 and the second retardation plate 60A2 may be a biaxial retardation plate.
  • the first phase plate 60A1 refractive index n z in the superposition direction is high, satisfy the following equation (7)
  • the second phase difference plate 60A2 refractive indices n x orthogonal direction is high, the following formula ( It is preferable to satisfy any one of 8) and 9).
  • nz > nx > ny ... (7) nx > ny > nz ... (8) nx > nz > ny ... (9)
  • the first phase plate 60A1 has a refractive index n z is higher than the refractive indices n x and the refractive index n y.
  • the first retardation plate 60A1 is 2 since the shaft is a retarder, the refractive indices n x in the orthogonal direction is higher than the refractive index n y in the initial alignment direction.
  • a second retardation plate 60A2 has a refractive indices n x is higher than the refractive index n z and a refractive index n y.
  • the second phase difference plate 60A2 is 2 since the shaft is a retardation plate, as shown in Equation (8), the refractive index n y in the initial alignment direction may be higher than the refractive index n z in the superposed direction , as in equation (9), the refractive index n y in the initial alignment direction may be lower than the refractive index n z in a superposition direction. Note that the thickness of the second retardation plate 60A2 can be reduced by reducing the refractive index nz in the overlapping direction as in Expression (8).
  • equation (8) equation (9)
  • the relationship between the refractive index of the entire retardation plate 60A, rather than the refractive index n y in the initial alignment direction (Y direction), superposition direction (Z-direction) and refractive index n z is preferably set such that the refractive indices n x orthogonal direction (X direction) is increased.
  • the first retardation plate 60A1 having the above-described refractive index characteristics has the degree of phase difference given to light, in other words, the degree of the refractive index in the axis having the highest refractive index is the retardation plate according to the first embodiment. Less than 60.
  • the retardation Re in the in-plane direction of the first retardation plate 60A1 is smaller than the retardation Re of the retardation plate 60, for example, from 0 nm to 100 nm.
  • the retardation Rth of the first retardation plate 60A1 in the Z direction is smaller than the retardation Rth of the retardation plate 60, for example, from ⁇ 150 nm to 0 nm.
  • the second retardation plate 60A2 having the above-described refractive index characteristics also has a smaller degree of phase difference given to light than the retardation plate 60 according to the first embodiment.
  • the retardation Re in the in-plane direction of the second retardation plate 60A2 having the above-described refractive index relationship is smaller than the retardation Re of the retardation plate 60, for example, from 0 nm to 150 nm.
  • the second retardation plate 60A2 has a retardation Rth in the Z direction of, for example, 0 nm or more and 150 nm or less.
  • the numerical ranges of the retardations Re and Rth described above are examples.
  • the slow axis of the first retardation plate 60A1 is along the X direction, in other words, is orthogonal to the initial alignment direction of the image display panel 30 and is parallel to the transmission axis of the upper polarizing plate 58.
  • the retardation angle of the second retardation plate 60A2 is orthogonal to the retardation axis of the first retardation plate 60A1, in other words, is along the Y direction.
  • the retardation angle of the second retardation plate 60A2 is parallel to the initial alignment direction of the image display panel 30, and is orthogonal to the transmission axis of the upper polarizing plate 58.
  • the retardation angle is arbitrary as long as it is along the X direction or the Y direction.
  • the slow axis of the first retardation plate 60A1 may be along the Y direction
  • the retardation angle of the second retardation plate 60A2 may be along the X direction
  • the slow axes of both the first retardation plate 60A1 and the second retardation plate 60A2 may be along the X direction or along the Y direction.
  • the phase difference plate 60A according to the second embodiment the refractive index n y in the refractive index n z is the initial alignment direction and the direction perpendicular to the superimposed direction, a first retardation plate 60A1 higher than n x , the refractive indices n x orthogonal direction have a second phase difference plate 60A2, higher than the initial alignment direction and the superposition direction of the refractive index n y, n z.
  • the display device 1A according to the second embodiment can improve the viewing angle characteristics by appropriately adjusting the refractive index of transmitted light even when the phase difference plate 60A is configured by two phase difference plates. it can.
  • the number is arbitrary as long as it is plural, and may be three or more. Further, in the following embodiments and modified examples, the number of the two sheets is arbitrary as long as the number is two or more, and may be three or more.
  • the display device 1Aa according to the 2-1 modified example has the same configuration as the display device 1A according to the second embodiment except that the dimming panel 80 is a VA type similarly to the 1-1 modified example.
  • the laminated structure is as shown in FIG.
  • the display device 1Ab according to the 2-2nd modified example has the same configuration as the display device 1A according to the second embodiment except that the dimming panel 80 is a TN type similarly to the 1-2nd modified example.
  • the laminated structure is as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of the result of the viewing angle characteristics of the second embodiment, the 2-1 modification, and the 2-2 modification.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing viewing angle characteristics on a two-dimensional coordinate plane in the X direction and the Y direction.
  • the display device 1A according to the second embodiment has no area Ar2 in the XY directions compared to the first comparative example shown in FIG. 11, and the viewing angle characteristics are improved.
  • the display device 1Aa according to the 2-1 modification has a smaller area Ar2 in the XY directions than the second comparative example shown in FIG. ing.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of the result of the viewing angle characteristics of the second embodiment, the 2-1 modification, and the 2-2 modification.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing viewing angle characteristics on a two-dimensional coordinate plane in the X direction and the Y direction.
  • the display device 1A according to the second embodiment has no area Ar2 in the XY directions compared to the first comparative example shown in FIG. 11,
  • the display device 1Ab according to the 2-2 modification has a smaller area Ar2 in the XY directions than the third comparative example shown in FIG. ing. As described above, the viewing angle characteristics are improved even when the phase difference plate 60A including two phase difference plates is used.
  • the display device 1B according to the third embodiment is different from the display device 1 according to the first embodiment in that the phase difference plate 60 is provided on the light control panel 80 side.
  • description of portions having the same configuration as the first embodiment will be omitted.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of the display device according to the third embodiment.
  • the display device 1B includes a light source unit 50, a lower polarizing plate 52, a retardation plate 60B, a light control panel 80, a middle polarizing plate 54, an adhesive layer 56, an image display panel 30, and an upper polarizing plate 58. , And Z in this order. That is, in the third embodiment, the phase difference plate 60B is provided on the light control panel 80 side of the light control panel 80 side and the image display panel 30 side. In other words, in the retardation plate 60B according to the third embodiment, the distance from the light control panel 80 is shorter than the distance from the image display panel 30. Furthermore, the retardation plate 60 ⁇ / b> B is provided so as to be in contact with the light control panel 80 and is separated from the image display panel 30.
  • the retardation plate 60 ⁇ / b> B is provided between the lower polarizing plate 52 and the middle polarizing plate 54, and more specifically, is located below the dimming panel 80 and adjusts with the lower polarizing plate 52. It is provided between the light panel 80.
  • the retardation plate 60B has an initial orientation direction of a panel on the near side (the light control panel 80 in the present embodiment) and a transmission axis of the nearest polarizer (the middle polarizer 54 in the present embodiment) on the Z direction side of the panel. When the direction is parallel, it is preferable to be arranged on the lower side of the panel.
  • the retardation plate 60 is located below the light control panel 80. Side, that is, between the lower polarizing plate 52 and the light control panel 80.
  • the display device 1B sets the initial alignment direction of the light control panel 80 and the transmission axis direction of the middle polarizer 54 so as to be parallel to each other.
  • the retardation plate 60B can be provided separately from the adhesive layer 56 when the retardation plate 60B is disposed on the light control panel 80 side. That is, the retardation plate 60 ⁇ / b> B can be disposed on the opposite side of the adhesive layer 56 via the light control panel 80. Thereby, the deterioration of the characteristics of the phase difference plate 60 can be suppressed.
  • the retardation plate 60B preferably has the same refractive index characteristics as the retardation plate 60 according to the first embodiment, and satisfies the above formula (1) or (2).
  • the retardation plate 60B has the same retardation Re, Rth as the retardation plate 60 according to the first embodiment, and the direction of the slow axis is also the same as the retardation plate 60 according to the first embodiment. , For example, along the X direction.
  • the retardation plate 60B according to the third embodiment is provided between the middle polarizing plate 54 and the lower polarizing plate 52. Since the retardation plate 60B is provided between the middle polarizing plate 54 and the lower polarizing plate 52, the retardation plate 60B is disposed on the light control panel 80 side of the image display panel 30 and the light control panel 80. According to the retardation plate 60B, the viewing angle characteristics can be appropriately improved.
  • the retardation plate 60B is provided between the light control panel 80 and the lower polarizer 52, and the transmission axis of the middle polarizer 54 is parallel to the initial alignment direction of the light control panel 80. Therefore, according to the display device 1B according to the third embodiment, it is possible to appropriately maintain the polarization direction of the transmitted light and appropriately improve the viewing angle characteristics. In this case, the retardation plate 60B can be provided separately from the adhesive layer 56. Therefore, according to the display device 1B, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the characteristics of the phase difference plate 60B.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of a display device according to another example of the third embodiment.
  • the phase difference plate 60B may be provided above the light control panel 80, as shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 19, the display device 1B includes a light source unit 50, a lower polarizing plate 52, a light control panel 80, a retardation plate 60B, a middle polarizing plate 54, an adhesive layer 56, an image display panel 30, and an upper polarizing plate. 58 are stacked (superimposed) in this order in the Z direction.
  • the phase difference plate 60B is disposed above the panel on the near side (here, the light control panel 80).
  • the initial alignment direction of the panel (here, the light control panel 80) on the side closer to the retardation plate 60B and the transmission axis direction of the nearest polarizer (here, the middle polarizer 54) on the upper side of the panel. are preferably orthogonal.
  • the phase difference plate 60B is provided between the middle polarizing plate 54 and the light control panel 80, and the transmission axis of the middle polarizing plate 54 is orthogonal to the initial alignment direction of the light control panel 80. You may. Thus, even if the retardation plate 60B is provided above the light control panel 80, the viewing angle characteristics can be improved. Furthermore, in the example of FIG. 19, the adhesive layer 56 is provided between the middle polarizing plate 54 and the image display panel 30 so as not to contact the retardation plate 60B. However, the adhesive layer 56 is not necessarily limited to not being in contact with the retardation plate 60B, and may be provided between the middle polarizing plate 54 and the retardation plate 60.
  • the display device 1C according to the fourth embodiment is different from the third embodiment in the refractive index characteristics of the phase difference plate 60B.
  • description of portions having the same configuration as the third embodiment will be omitted.
  • the laminated structure of the display device 1C according to the fourth embodiment is the same as that of the third embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the phase difference plate 60B according to the fourth embodiment has a smaller degree of phase difference given to light than the phase difference plate 60B according to the third embodiment, that is, the phase difference plate 60 according to the first embodiment.
  • the retardation plate 60B according to the fourth embodiment has the same refractive index characteristics as the first retardation plate 60A1 of the second embodiment, and has a refractive index characteristic satisfying the above-described formula (5).
  • a biaxial retardation plate having a refractive index characteristic satisfying the above-described equation (7) is preferable.
  • the refractive index nz in the overlapping direction is increased.
  • the retardation Re of the retardation plate 60B in the in-plane direction is, for example, 0 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and is smaller than the retardation Re of the retardation plate 60 in the first embodiment.
  • the retardation Rth of the retardation plate 60B in the Z direction is, for example, not less than ⁇ 150 nm and not more than 0 nm, and is smaller than the retardation Rth of the retardation plate 60 in the first embodiment.
  • the slow axis is in the X direction, but may be in the Y direction.
  • the display apparatus 1C according to the fourth embodiment, the dimming panel 80, the refractive indices n x orthogonal direction is utilized as a high retardation.
  • the refractive index characteristics of the light control panel 80 according to the fourth embodiment are different from those of the first embodiment and the third embodiment. That is, the light control panel 80 of the first embodiment and the third embodiment has the initial alignment direction in the Y direction, whereas the light control panel 80 according to the fourth embodiment has the initial alignment direction in the X direction.
  • the in-plane retardation Re is, for example, 550 nm or more and 750 nm or less, or 50 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
  • the display apparatus 1C according to the fourth embodiment while using the refractive index n z a high retardation 60B, the dimming panel 80 of the FFS type refractive indices n x orthogonal direction as a high retardation plate By using this, the deterioration of the characteristics of the retardation plate 60B can be suppressed.
  • the thickness of the phase difference plate can be made smaller than in the third embodiment.
  • the display device 1Ca according to the fourth embodiment is different from the display device 1C according to the fourth embodiment in that the light control panel 80 is not an FFS type liquid crystal panel. Is different.
  • description of portions having the same configuration as the fourth embodiment will be omitted.
  • the laminated structure of the display device 1Ca according to the 4-1 modification is the same as that of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the light control panel 80 is a VA type similarly to the 1-1 modification.
  • the phase difference plate 60B according to the 4-1 modification is different from the fourth embodiment, the refractive indices n x orthogonal direction is higher retardation.
  • the retardation plate 60B according to the 4-1 modification has the same refractive index characteristics as the second retardation plate 60A2 of the second embodiment, and the one-axis position satisfying the above expression (6). It is preferable to use either a retardation plate or a biaxial retardation plate satisfying the above formula (8) or (9).
  • the retardation plate 60B according to the 4-1 modification has an in-plane retardation Re of, for example, 0 nm or more and 100 nm or less, which is smaller than the retardation Re of the retardation plate 60 in the first embodiment.
  • the retardation Rth in the Z direction is, for example, 0 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
  • the slow axis is in the X direction, but may be in the Y direction.
  • the display device 1Ca according to the 4-1 modification uses the light control panel 80 as a phase difference plate having a high refractive index nz in the overlapping direction.
  • the in-plane retardation Re is, for example, 250 nm or more and 400 nm or less.
  • the display apparatus 1C according to a 4-1 variation the refractive indices n x is while using a high retardation plate 60B, the refractive index n z a high phase difference of superimposing direction VA type dimming panel 80 By using it as a plate, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the characteristics of the retardation plate 60B.
  • the thickness of the phase difference plate can be made smaller than in the third embodiment.
  • the laminated structure of the display device 1Cb according to the 4-2 modification is the same as that of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the light control panel 80 is a TN type similarly to the 1-2nd modification.
  • the phase difference plate 60B according to a 4-2 variation, similar to the 4-1 modification, the refractive indices n x orthogonal direction is higher retardation. That is, the retardation plate 60B according to the 4-2 modification has the same refractive index characteristics as the second retardation plate 60A2 of the second embodiment, and a uniaxial retardation plate that satisfies the expression (6).
  • the retardation plate 60B according to the 4-2 modification has an in-plane retardation Re of, for example, 0 nm or more and 150 nm or less, which is smaller than the retardation Re of the retardation plate 60 in the first embodiment.
  • the retardation plate 60B according to the 4-2 modification has a retardation Rth in the Z direction of, for example, 0 nm or more and 150 nm or less.
  • the slow axis is in the Y direction, but may be in the X direction.
  • the display device 1Ca according to the 4-2 modification uses the light control panel 80 as a phase difference plate having a high refractive index nz in the overlapping direction.
  • the in-plane retardation Re is, for example, 150 nm or more and 400 nm or less.
  • the display device 1C according to the 4-1 modification uses the phase difference plate 60B having a high refractive index n z and the TN type dimming panel 80 with the phase difference having a high refractive index n z in the overlapping direction. By using it as a plate, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the characteristics of the retardation plate 60B. In this case, for example, the thickness of the phase difference plate can be made smaller than in the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of results of viewing angle characteristics of the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment, the 4-1 modification, and the 4-2 modification.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating viewing angle characteristics on a two-dimensional coordinate plane in the X direction and the Y direction. As shown in FIG. 20, in the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment, as compared with the first comparative example using the FFS type shown in FIG. 11, the region Ar2 in the oblique direction is eliminated, and the viewing angle characteristics are improved.
  • the area Ar2 in the oblique direction is smaller than in the second comparative example using the VA type shown in FIG. 14, and the viewing angle characteristics are improved.
  • the region Ar2 in the oblique direction is smaller than in the third comparative example using the TN type shown in FIG. And the viewing angle characteristics are improved.
  • the retardation plate 60B is disposed between the middle polarizing plate 54 and the lower polarizing plate 52, the viewing angle characteristics are improved.
  • the display device 1D according to the fifth embodiment is different from the display device 1B according to the third embodiment in that the phase difference plate 60D has two phase difference plates.
  • description of portions having the same configuration as the third embodiment will be omitted.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of the display device according to the fifth embodiment.
  • the display device 1B includes a light source unit 50, a lower polarizing plate 52, a retardation plate 60D, a light control panel 80, a middle polarizing plate 54, an adhesive layer 56, an image display panel 30, and an upper polarizing plate 58.
  • the display device 1D has the same stacking order as in the third embodiment.
  • the phase difference plate 60D of the fifth embodiment is composed of a plurality of phase difference plates, and more specifically, has a first phase difference plate 60D1 and a second phase difference plate 60D2.
  • the first retardation plate 60D1 is located between the light control panel 80 and the second retardation plate 60D2, and the second retardation plate 60D2 is located between the first retardation plate 60D1 and the lower polarizing plate 52. It is located in. Note that the positions of the first retardation plate 60D1 and the second retardation plate 60D2 may be interchanged.
  • the first retardation plate 60D1 has the same refractive index characteristics as the first retardation plate 60A1 according to the second embodiment, and includes a uniaxial retardation plate that satisfies the above expression (5) and the above-described expression (5). It is preferable to use any one of the two-axis retardation plates satisfying 7). That is, the first phase difference plate 60D1 has a refractive index n z in the superposition direction is higher retardation. Further, the second retardation plate 60D2 has the same refractive index characteristics as the second retardation plate 60A2 according to the second embodiment, and includes a uniaxial retardation plate that satisfies the above expression (6), It is preferable to use either a biaxial retardation plate satisfying the formula (8) or (9).
  • the second phase difference plate 60D2 is the refractive indices n x orthogonal direction is higher retardation. Therefore, the retardation plate 60D is, by superimposing these two retardation plates, than the refractive index n y in the initial alignment direction (Y direction), and the refractive index n z in the superposition direction (Z direction), orthogonal the refractive indices n x direction (X direction) can be increased.
  • the first retardation plate 60D1 has a retardation Re in the in-plane direction of, for example, 0 nm or more and 100 nm or less, which is smaller than the retardation Re of the retardation plate 60 according to the first embodiment.
  • the retardation Rth of the first retardation plate 60D1 in the Z direction is, for example, ⁇ 150 nm or more and 0 nm or less, and is smaller than the retardation Rth of the retardation plate 60 according to the first embodiment.
  • the slow axis of the first retardation plate 60D1 is in the Y direction, it may be in the X direction.
  • the second retardation plate 60D2 has a retardation Re in the in-plane direction of, for example, 0 nm or more and 150 nm or less, which is smaller than the retardation Re of the retardation plate 60 according to the first embodiment, and a retardation Rth in the Z direction of 0 nm, for example. It becomes 150 nm or less.
  • the slow axis is in the X direction, but may be in the Y direction.
  • the display device 1Da according to the 5-1 modification is different from the display device 1D according to the fifth embodiment in that the light control panel 80 is not an FFS type liquid crystal panel.
  • description of portions having the same configuration as the fifth embodiment will be omitted.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a stacked configuration of a display device according to the 5-1 modification.
  • the light control panel 80 according to the 5-1st modification is a VA type similarly to the 1-1st modification.
  • the display device 1Da includes a light source unit 50, a lower polarizing plate 52, a first retardation plate 60Da1, a light control panel 80, a second retardation plate 60Da2, a middle polarizing plate 54, an adhesive layer 56, and an image.
  • the display panel 30 and the upper polarizing plate 58 are stacked (superimposed) in this order in the Z direction.
  • the phase difference plate 60Da according to the 5-1st modification includes the first phase difference plate 60Da1 between the light control panel 80 and the lower polarizing plate 52, and the light output between the middle polarizing plate 54 and the light control panel 80.
  • the fifth embodiment is different from the fifth embodiment in that it has a second retardation plate 60Da2.
  • the first phase difference plate 60Da1 is different from the first phase difference plate 60D1 of the fifth embodiment, the refractive indices n x orthogonal direction is higher retardation.
  • the first retardation plate 60Da1 has the same refractive index characteristics as the second retardation plate 60A2 according to the second embodiment, and includes a uniaxial retardation plate satisfying the above expression (6) and the above-described expression (6). It is preferable to use either a biaxial retardation plate satisfying 8) or 9).
  • the second retardation plate 60Da2 also has the same refractive index characteristics as the second retardation plate 60A2 according to the second embodiment, and includes a uniaxial retardation plate that satisfies the above expression (6) and the above-described one. It is preferable to use either a biaxial retardation plate satisfying the formula (8) or (9).
  • the first retardation plate 60Da1 has a retardation Re in the in-plane direction of, for example, 0 nm or more and 150 nm or less, which is smaller than the retardation Re of the retardation plate 60 according to the first embodiment, and a retardation Rth in the Z direction of, for example, 0 nm. It becomes 150 nm or less.
  • the second retardation plate 60D2 has a retardation Re in the in-plane direction of, for example, 0 nm or more and 150 nm or less, which is smaller than the retardation Re of the retardation plate 60 according to the first embodiment, and a retardation Rth in the Z direction of 0 nm, for example. It becomes 150 nm or less.
  • the slow axis of the first retardation plate 60D1 and the slow axis of the second retardation plate 60D2 are orthogonal to each other.
  • the X direction is a 0 degree direction
  • the Y direction is a 90 degree direction.
  • the slow axis of the first phase difference plate 60D1 extends along the 135-degree direction
  • the slow axis of the second phase difference plate 60D2 extends in the 45-degree direction orthogonal to the slow axis of the first phase difference plate 60D1.
  • the slow axis of the first retardation plate 60D1 may be along the 45-degree direction
  • the slow axis of the second retardation plate 60D2 may be along the 135-degree direction.
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of the result of the viewing angle characteristics of the fifth embodiment and the 5-1st modified example.
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram showing viewing angle characteristics on a two-dimensional coordinate plane in the X direction and the Y direction.
  • the region Ar2 in the oblique direction is eliminated, and the viewing angle characteristics are improved.
  • the area Ar2 in the oblique direction is smaller than in the second comparative example using the VA type shown in FIG. 14, and the viewing angle characteristics are improved. doing.
  • the display device 1E according to the sixth embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a retardation plate is arranged on the light control panel 80 side in addition to the image display panel 30 side.
  • the display device 1E according to the sixth embodiment includes both the phase difference plate 60 of the first embodiment and the phase difference plate 60B of the third embodiment.
  • description of portions having the same configuration as the first embodiment will be omitted.
  • FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a layered configuration of the display device according to the sixth embodiment.
  • the display device 1B includes a light source unit 50, a lower polarizing plate 52, a lower retardation plate 62E, a light control panel 80, a middle polarizing plate 54, an adhesive layer 56, an image display panel 30, an upper retardation plate 64E,
  • the upper polarizing plate 58 is stacked in this order toward the Z direction. That is, in the sixth embodiment, the phase difference plate 60E has a lower phase difference plate 62E provided on the light control panel 80 side and an upper phase difference plate 64E provided on the image display panel 30 side.
  • the upper retardation plate 64E is stacked at the same position as the retardation plate 60 according to the first embodiment. That is, the upper retardation plate 64E is stacked between the middle polarizing plate 54 and the upper polarizing plate 58.
  • the upper retardation plate 64E is also a biaxial retardation plate having the same refractive index characteristics as the retardation plate 60 according to the first embodiment, and preferably satisfies the above formula (1) or (2).
  • the retardation Re and Rth of the upper retardation plate 64E are the same as those of the retardation plate 60 according to the first embodiment.
  • the direction of the slow axis of the upper phase difference plate 64E is the same as that of the phase difference plate 60 according to the first embodiment, for example, along the X direction.
  • the lower retardation plate 62E is stacked at the same position as the retardation plate 60B according to the third embodiment. That is, the lower retardation plate 62E is stacked between the lower polarizing plate 52 and the middle polarizing plate 54.
  • the lower retardation plate 62E is also a biaxial retardation plate having the same refractive index characteristics as the retardation plate 60B according to the third embodiment, and preferably satisfies the above formula (1) or (2).
  • the lower retardation plate 62E has the same retardation Re, Rth as the retardation plate 60B according to the third embodiment.
  • the direction of the slow axis of the lower phase difference plate 62E is the same as that of the phase difference plate 60B according to the third embodiment, and is, for example, along the X direction.
  • the retardation plate 60E according to the sixth embodiment includes the upper retardation plate 64E provided between the middle polarizing plate 54 and the upper polarizing plate 58, and further includes the lower polarizing plate 52 and the middle polarizing plate 54. And a lower retardation plate 62E provided between them. Therefore, the display device 1E according to the sixth embodiment can more suitably improve the viewing angle characteristics. Note that an upper retardation plate between the middle polarizing plate 54 and the upper polarizing plate 58 and a lower retardation plate provided between the lower polarizing plate 52 and the middle polarizing plate 54 will be described in embodiments and modified examples described later. As described above, a plurality of sheets may be provided respectively.
  • the display device 1Ea according to the 6-1st modification is different from the display device 1E according to the sixth embodiment in that the light control panel 80 is not an FFS type liquid crystal panel.
  • the description of the portions having the same configuration as the sixth embodiment will be omitted.
  • FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a layered structure of a display device according to the sixth-first modification.
  • the light control panel 80 according to the 6-1st modification is a VA type similarly to the 1-1st modification.
  • the display device 1Ea includes a light source unit 50, a lower polarizing plate 52, a first lower retardation plate 62Ea1, a light control panel 80, a second lower retardation plate 62Ea2, a middle polarizing plate 54, an adhesive layer 56, and an image.
  • the display panel 30, the upper retardation plate 64Ea, and the upper polarizer 58 are stacked (superimposed) in this order in the Z direction.
  • the phase difference plate 60Da according to the 6-1st modification includes the first lower phase difference plate 62Ea1, the second lower phase difference plate 62Ea2, and the upper phase difference plate 64Ea.
  • the phase difference plate 60Da according to the 6-1st modification is different from the sixth embodiment in that the light control panel 80 is interposed between the first lower phase difference plate 62Ea1 and the second lower phase difference plate 62Ea2.
  • the upper retardation plate 64Ea is stacked at the same position as the upper retardation plate 64E according to the sixth embodiment.
  • the upper phase difference plate 64Ea is a biaxial phase difference plate having the same refractive index characteristics, retardation, and slow axis direction as the upper phase difference plate 64E according to the sixth embodiment.
  • the first lower retardation plate 62Ea1 is stacked at the same position as the first retardation plate 60Da1 according to the 5-1 modification.
  • the first lower retardation plate 62Ea1 also has the same refractive index characteristics, retardation, and slow axis direction as the first retardation plate 60Da1 according to the 5-1st modification.
  • the second lower retardation plate 62Ea2 is stacked at the same position as the second retardation plate 60Da2 according to the 5-1 modification.
  • the second lower retardation plate 62Ea2 has the same refractive index characteristics, retardation, and slow axis direction as the second retardation plate 60Da2 according to the 5-1 modification.
  • refractive indices n x orthogonal direction is higher retardation.
  • the display device 1F according to the seventh embodiment is different from the sixth embodiment in the refractive index characteristic of the lower retardation plate 62E.
  • description of portions having the same configuration as in the sixth embodiment will be omitted.
  • the stacked structure of the display device 1F according to the seventh embodiment is the same as that of the sixth embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the upper retardation plate 64E according to the seventh embodiment has the same refractive index characteristics, retardation, and slow axis direction as those of the sixth embodiment.
  • the lower retardation plate 62E according to the seventh embodiment differs from the sixth embodiment in refractive index characteristics.
  • the lower retardation plate 62E according to the seventh embodiment has a smaller degree of phase difference given to light than the lower retardation plate 62E according to the sixth embodiment.
  • the lower retardation plate 62E according to the seventh embodiment has the same refractive index characteristics as the retardation plate 60B according to the fourth embodiment, in other words, the first retardation plate according to the second embodiment.
  • the lower retardation plate 62E according to the seventh embodiment includes a uniaxial retardation plate having a refractive index characteristic satisfying the above equation (5) and a biaxial retardation plate having a refractive index characteristic satisfying the above equation (7). It is preferable that either one of
  • the lower retardation plate 62E according to the seventh embodiment has the same retardation Re in the in-plane direction and the retardation Rth in the overlapping direction as the retardation plate 60B according to the fourth embodiment.
  • the lower retardation plate 62E according to the seventh embodiment has the same direction of the slow axis as the retardation plate 60B according to the fourth embodiment.
  • the display device 1F according to a seventh embodiment like the fourth embodiment, the dimming panel 80, the refractive indices n x orthogonal direction is utilized as a high retardation.
  • the initial alignment direction is the X direction, as in the fourth embodiment.
  • the retardation Re in the in-plane direction is, for example, 550 nm to 750 nm, or 50 nm to 200 nm, as in the fourth embodiment.
  • the display device 1Fa according to the seventh-first modification and the display device 1Fb according to the seventh-second modification are different from the display device 1C according to the seventh embodiment in that the light control panel 80 is not an FFS type liquid crystal panel. Is different.
  • description of portions having the same configuration as the seventh embodiment will be omitted.
  • the laminated structure of the display device 1Fa according to the 7-1 modification is the same as that of the seventh embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the light control panel 80 is a VA type similarly to the 4-1st modification.
  • the lower retardation plate 62E according to the seventh-first modification has different characteristics from the lower retardation plate 62E according to the seventh embodiment.
  • the lower retardation plate 62E according to the 7-1st modification has the same refractive index characteristics, retardation, and slow axis direction as the retardation plate 60B of the 4-1st modification.
  • the display device 1Fa according to the 7-1st modification uses the light control panel 80 as a retardation plate having a high refractive index nz in the superimposition direction, similarly to the 4-1st modification.
  • the in-plane retardation Re of the light control panel 80 according to the 7-1st modification has the same value as that of the 4-1st modification.
  • the laminated structure of the display device 1Fb according to the seventh-second modification example is the same as that of the seventh embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the light control panel 80 is a TN type similarly to the 4-2 modification.
  • the lower retardation plate 62E according to the seventh-second modification has different characteristics from the lower retardation plate 62E according to the seventh embodiment.
  • the lower retardation plate 62E according to the seventh-second modification has the same refractive index characteristics, retardation, and slow axis direction as the retardation plate 60B of the fourth-second modification.
  • the display device 1Fb according to the seventh-second modification uses the light control panel 80 as a phase difference plate having a high refractive index nz in the overlapping direction, similarly to the fourth-second modification.
  • the in-plane retardation Re of the light control panel 80 according to the seventh-second modification is the same as that of the fourth-second modification.
  • the display device 1F according to the eighth embodiment is different from the seventh embodiment in the refractive index characteristic of the upper retardation plate 64E.
  • description of portions having the same configuration as the seventh embodiment will be omitted.
  • the laminated structure of the display device 1F according to the eighth embodiment is the same as that of the seventh embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the lower retardation plate 62E according to the eighth embodiment has the same refractive index characteristics, retardation, and slow axis direction as those of the seventh embodiment, and has a higher refractive index nz in the overlapping direction.
  • the upper retardation plate 64E according to the eighth embodiment differs from the seventh embodiment in refractive index characteristics.
  • the phase difference given to the light of the upper phase difference plate 64E according to the eighth embodiment is smaller than that of the upper phase difference plate 64E according to the seventh embodiment.
  • the upper retardation plate 64E according to the eighth embodiment has the same refractive index characteristics as the first retardation plate 60A1 of the second embodiment.
  • the upper retardation plate 64E according to the seventh embodiment includes a uniaxial retardation plate having a refractive index characteristic satisfying the above equation (5) and a biaxial retardation plate having a refractive index characteristic satisfying the above equation (7). It is preferable that either one of That is, the upper retardation plate 64E is a retardation plate having a high refractive index nz in the overlapping direction.
  • the directions of the retardation and the slow axis are the same as those of the first retardation plate 60A1 of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating an example of the result of the viewing angle characteristics of the sixth embodiment, the sixth-first modification, the seventh embodiment, the seventh-first modification, the seventh-second modification, and the eighth embodiment. It is.
  • FIG. 26 is a diagram showing viewing angle characteristics on a two-dimensional coordinate plane in the X direction and the Y direction. As shown in FIG.
  • the viewing angle characteristics are improved.
  • the region Ar2 in the oblique direction is eliminated as compared with the second comparative example using the VA type shown in FIG. And the viewing angle characteristics are improved.
  • the region Ar2 in the oblique direction is smaller than in the third comparative example using the TN type shown in FIG. Has improved.
  • the display device 1H according to the ninth embodiment differs from the sixth embodiment (see FIG. 24) in that the display device 1H includes a plurality of upper retardation plates and a plurality of lower retardation plates.
  • description of portions having the same configuration as the sixth embodiment will be omitted.
  • FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a stacked configuration of the display device according to the ninth embodiment.
  • the display device 1H includes a light source unit 50, a lower polarizing plate 52, a lower retardation plate 62H, a light control panel 80, a middle polarizing plate 54, an adhesive layer 56, an image display panel 30, an upper retardation plate 64H,
  • the upper polarizing plate 58 is stacked in this order toward the Z direction. That is, in the ninth embodiment, the phase difference plate 60H includes the lower phase difference plate 62H provided on the light control panel 80 side and the upper phase difference plate 64H provided on the image display panel 30 side.
  • the upper phase difference plate 64H includes a first upper phase difference plate 64H1 and a second upper phase difference plate 64H2.
  • the first upper retardation plate 64H1, the refractive index n z in the superposition direction is high retardation plate, the refractive index characteristics, retardation, and the direction of the slow axis, the first phase difference plate 60A1 according to the second embodiment Is the same.
  • the second upper phase difference plate 64H2, the refractive indices n x orthogonal direction is higher retarder, the refractive index characteristics, retardation, and the retarded direction of the phase axis, the first phase difference plate of the second embodiment Same as 60A1.
  • the lower retardation plate 62H has a first lower retardation plate 62H1 and a second lower retardation plate 62H2.
  • the first lower phase difference plate 62H1, the refractive index n z in the superposition direction is higher retarder, the refractive index characteristics, retardation, and the direction of the slow axis, the first phase difference plate according to a fifth embodiment 60d1 ( 21 (see FIG. 21).
  • the second lower phase difference plate 62H2, the refractive indices n x orthogonal direction is higher retarder, the refractive index characteristics, retardation, and the retarded direction of the phase axis, the second phase difference plate of the fifth embodiment This is the same as 60D2 (see FIG. 21).
  • the display 1Ha according to the 9-1st modification is different from the display 1H according to the ninth embodiment in that the light control panel 80 is not an FFS type liquid crystal panel.
  • the description of the portions having the same configuration as the ninth embodiment is omitted.
  • FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a layered structure of a display device according to the 9-1 modification.
  • the dimming panel 80 according to the 9-1st modification is a VA type similarly to the 5-1st modification.
  • the display device 1Ha includes a light source unit 50, a lower polarizing plate 52, a first lower retardation plate 62H1a, a dimming panel 80, a second lower retardation plate 62H2a, a middle polarizing plate 54, an adhesive layer 56, and an image.
  • the display panel 30, the upper retardation plate 64Ha, and the upper polarizer 58 are stacked (superimposed) in this order in the Z direction.
  • the phase difference plate 60Ha according to the 9-1st modification includes a lower phase difference plate 62Ha and an upper phase difference plate 64Ha.
  • the lower retardation plate 62Ha differs from the ninth embodiment in that the light control panel 80 is sandwiched between the first lower retardation plate 62H1a and the second lower retardation plate 62H2a.
  • the upper phase difference plate 64Ha includes a first upper phase difference plate 64H1a and a second upper phase difference plate 64H2a.
  • the first upper phase difference plate 64H1a is stacked at the same position as the first upper phase difference plate 64H1 of the ninth embodiment.
  • the first upper phase difference plate 64H1a has the same refractive index characteristics, retardation, and slow axis direction as the first upper phase difference plate 64H1 of the ninth embodiment.
  • the second upper phase difference plate 64H2a is stacked at the same position as the second upper phase difference plate 64H2 of the ninth embodiment.
  • the second upper phase difference plate 64H2a has the same refractive index characteristics, retardation, and slow axis direction as the second upper phase difference plate 64H2 of the ninth embodiment.
  • the first lower phase difference plate 62H1a is stacked at the same position as the first lower phase difference plate 62Ea1 of the 5-1st modified example.
  • the first lower phase difference plate 62H1a has the same refractive index characteristics, retardation, and slow axis direction as the first lower phase difference plate 62Ea1 of the 6-1st modification.
  • the second lower phase difference plate 62H2a is stacked at the same position as the second lower phase difference plate 62Ea2 of the 6-1st modification.
  • the second lower retardation plate 62H2a has the same refractive index characteristics, retardation, and slow axis direction as the second lower retardation plate 62Ea2 of the 6-1st modification.
  • FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating an example of the result of the viewing angle characteristics of the ninth embodiment and the 9-1st modified example.
  • FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating viewing angle characteristics on a two-dimensional coordinate plane in the X direction and the Y direction.
  • the region Ar2 in the oblique direction is eliminated, and the viewing angle characteristics are improved.
  • the region Ar2 in the oblique direction is eliminated compared to the second comparative example using the VA type shown in FIG. 14, and the viewing angle characteristics are improved. ing.
  • the display device 1I according to the tenth embodiment is common to the ninth embodiment in that there are a plurality of upper retardation plates, but is different from the ninth embodiment in that there is only one lower retardation plate.
  • the description of the parts common to the ninth embodiment will be omitted.
  • FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a layered configuration of the display device according to the tenth embodiment.
  • the display device 1I includes a light source unit 50, a lower polarizing plate 52, a lower retardation plate 62I, a light control panel 80, a middle polarizing plate 54, an adhesive layer 56, an image display panel 30, an upper retardation plate 64I, The upper polarizing plate 58 is stacked in this order toward the Z direction.
  • the upper phase difference plate 64I has a first upper phase difference plate 64I1 and a second upper phase difference plate 64I2.
  • the first upper phase difference plate 64I1 has the same lamination position, refractive index characteristics, retardation, and slow axis direction as the first upper phase difference plate 64H1 according to the ninth embodiment.
  • the second upper retardation plate 64I2 has the same lamination position, refractive index characteristics, retardation, and slow axis direction as the second upper retardation plate 64H2 according to the ninth embodiment.
  • the lower retardation plate 62I has a smaller degree of phase difference given to light, for example, than the biaxial lower retardation plate 62E according to the sixth embodiment.
  • the lower retardation plate 62I has the same refractive index characteristics as the lower retardation plate 62E according to the seventh embodiment, in other words, the same as the first retardation plate 60A1 of the second embodiment. Therefore, the lower retardation plate 62I is either a uniaxial retardation plate having a refractive index characteristic satisfying the above equation (5) or a biaxial retardation plate having a refractive index characteristic satisfying the above equation (7). Preferably, there is.
  • the lower retardation plate 62I is the same in both directions of the retardation and the slow axis as the lower retardation plate 62E according to the seventh embodiment.
  • the display device 1I according to the tenth embodiment like the seventh embodiment, a dimming panel 80, the refractive indices n x orthogonal direction is utilized as a high retardation.
  • the light control panel 80 according to the tenth embodiment has an initial alignment direction in the X direction and a retardation Re in the in-plane direction of, for example, 550 nm or more and 750 nm or less, or 50 nm or more. It becomes 200 nm or less.
  • the display device 1Ia according to the tenth modified example and the display device 1Ib according to the tenth modified example are different from the display device 1I according to the tenth embodiment in that the light control panel 80 is not an FFS type liquid crystal panel. Is different.
  • description of portions having the same configuration as the tenth embodiment will be omitted.
  • the stacked structure of the display device 1Ia according to the tenth modified example is the same as that of the tenth embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the light control panel 80 is a VA type similarly to the 7-1st modified example.
  • the lower retardation plate 62I according to the tenth modified example has different characteristics from the tenth embodiment.
  • the lower retardation plate 62I according to the 10-1th modification has the same refractive index characteristics, retardation, and slow axis direction as the lower retardation plate 62E of the 7-1st modification.
  • the display device 1Ia according to the tenth modified example uses the light control panel 80 as a phase difference plate having a high refractive index nz in the overlapping direction, as in the seventh modified example.
  • the in-plane retardation Re of the light control panel 80 according to the tenth modification is the same as that of the 7-1 modification.
  • the laminated structure of the display device 1Ib according to the tenth modified example is the same as that of the tenth embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the light control panel 80 is a TN type similarly to the seventh modified example.
  • the lower retardation plate 62I according to the tenth modification has different characteristics from the tenth embodiment.
  • the lower retardation plate 62I according to the tenth modification has the same refractive index characteristics, retardation, and slow axis direction as the lower retardation plate 62E according to the seventh modification.
  • the display device 1Ib according to the tenth modified example uses the light control panel 80 as a phase difference plate having a high refractive index nz in the superimposition direction, as in the seventh modified example.
  • the in-plane retardation Re of the light control panel 80 according to the tenth modified example has the same value as that of the seventh modified example.
  • FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating an example of the result of the viewing angle characteristics of the tenth embodiment, the tenth modified example, and the tenth modified example.
  • the region Ar2 in the oblique direction is eliminated, and the viewing angle characteristics are improved. Further, as shown in FIG.
  • the area Ar2 in the oblique direction is eliminated as compared with the second comparative example using the VA type shown in FIG. 14, and the viewing angle characteristics are improved. ing. As shown in FIG. 31, in the tenth modified example, the region Ar2 in the oblique direction is smaller than in the third comparative example using the TN type shown in FIG. 15, and the viewing angle characteristics are improved. doing.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'affichage pouvant améliorer une caractéristique d'angle de vision. Ce dispositif d'affichage (1) comprend : un panneau d'affichage d'image (30) présentant une pluralité de pixels; une unité source d'éclairage (50) disposée sur le même côté du panneau d'affichage d'image (30) en tant que surface arrière (30s) du panneau d'affichage d'image (30); un panneau de réglage de lumière (80) disposé entre le panneau d'affichage d'image (30) et l'unité source d'éclairage (50), qui comprend une pluralité de premières électrodes agencées dans une matrice, des secondes électrodes opposées aux premières électrodes, et une couche de cristaux liquides, et qui peut transmettre la lumière émise par l'unité source d'éclairage vers le côté surface arrière (30s) du panneau d'affichage d'image (30) tout en changeant la transmittance dans la couche de cristaux liquides par application de tensions entre les premières électrodes et les secondes électrodes; et une lame onde (60) stratifiée sur le panneau d'affichage d'image (30) et le panneau de réglage de lumière (80), et produisant un déphasage de la lumière transmise.
PCT/JP2019/030351 2018-09-28 2019-08-01 Dispositif d'affichage WO2020066292A1 (fr)

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JP2018184923A JP2020056807A (ja) 2018-09-28 2018-09-28 表示装置
JP2018-184923 2018-09-28

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WO2020066292A1 true WO2020066292A1 (fr) 2020-04-02

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0519249A (ja) * 1990-09-10 1993-01-29 Casio Comput Co Ltd 液晶表示装置
JPH07333597A (ja) * 1994-06-08 1995-12-22 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 液晶表示装置
JP2006520008A (ja) * 2004-01-09 2006-08-31 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド 負の二軸性位相差フィルムと＋ｃ−プレートを用いた視野角の補償フィルムを含むｉｐｓ液晶表示装置
JP2006524347A (ja) * 2003-10-22 2006-10-26 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド ＋ａ−プレートと＋ｃ−プレートを用いた視野角の補償フィルムを含むｉｐｓ液晶表示装置
US20170343839A1 (en) * 2016-05-31 2017-11-30 Lg Display Co., Ltd. Light valve panel and liquid crystal display using the same
JP2018128641A (ja) * 2017-02-10 2018-08-16 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ 表示装置及び調光装置

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0519249A (ja) * 1990-09-10 1993-01-29 Casio Comput Co Ltd 液晶表示装置
JPH07333597A (ja) * 1994-06-08 1995-12-22 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 液晶表示装置
JP2006524347A (ja) * 2003-10-22 2006-10-26 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド ＋ａ−プレートと＋ｃ−プレートを用いた視野角の補償フィルムを含むｉｐｓ液晶表示装置
JP2006520008A (ja) * 2004-01-09 2006-08-31 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド 負の二軸性位相差フィルムと＋ｃ−プレートを用いた視野角の補償フィルムを含むｉｐｓ液晶表示装置
US20170343839A1 (en) * 2016-05-31 2017-11-30 Lg Display Co., Ltd. Light valve panel and liquid crystal display using the same
JP2018128641A (ja) * 2017-02-10 2018-08-16 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ 表示装置及び調光装置

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