WO2020062979A1 - Artificial diet for small hive beetle - Google Patents

Artificial diet for small hive beetle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020062979A1
WO2020062979A1 PCT/CN2019/093467 CN2019093467W WO2020062979A1 WO 2020062979 A1 WO2020062979 A1 WO 2020062979A1 CN 2019093467 W CN2019093467 W CN 2019093467W WO 2020062979 A1 WO2020062979 A1 WO 2020062979A1
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honey
beehive
powder
beetle
artificial feed
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PCT/CN2019/093467
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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徐齐云
赵红霞
李军
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广东省生物资源应用研究所
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Publication of WO2020062979A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020062979A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of agricultural biotechnology, and particularly relates to an artificial feed for beehive beetles.
  • Beehive beetle is a omnivorous insect parasitizing in the bee colony. Its adults and larvae feed on bee larvae, honey and pollen. As a result, bee larvae die, honey is fermented, and nest spleen is damaged. It often causes the entire hive to collapse, The bee colonies fled their nests. Beehive beetles are more harmful in warm and humid areas than in low temperature and dry areas.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an artificial feed for beehive beetles, which can be used for large-scale breeding of beehive beetles.
  • the beehive beetle artificial feed of the present invention is characterized in that it includes yeast powder, honey, insect powder, preservatives and water, and the insect powder is dry powder of black water sturgeon larva or dry powder of yellow mealworm larva.
  • the beehive beetle artificial feed is composed of the following components: in terms of mass fraction, 5-15% yeast powder, 10-30% honey, 20-40% insect powder, 0.1-1% preservative, and the balance Add water to 100%.
  • the honey is one or more of rape nectar, litchi honey, citrus honey and motherwort honey.
  • the preservative is one of sorbic acid and potassium sorbate.
  • the beehive small beetle artificial feed is composed of the following components: in terms of mass fraction, yeast powder 10-15%, honey 10-20%, black water sturgeon larva powder 25-40%, and preservatives 0.1-1% , The remainder add water to 100%.
  • the present invention has found through experiments that the artificial beehive small beetle is bred using the artificial feed of the present invention, and the larvae of the small bee hives that are bred are of the same age, and the egg hatching rate and adult spawning rate are more than 80%. Breed small beehives.
  • the beehive beetle larvae were reared in the laboratory using artificial beehive beetle artificial feed at a laboratory temperature of 26 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%. After a period of rearing, the pupation rate was above 88%. The eggs are normal, the egg hatching rate is 90%, the worm age is the same, and they can be reared for generations.
  • the artificial feed of the beehive beetle was used to raise the newly hatched larvae of the beehive beetle.
  • the laboratory temperature was 26 ° C and the relative humidity was 80%. After a period of rearing, the pupation rate was more than 90%.
  • the eggs are normal, the egg hatching rate is 90%, the worm age is the same, and they can be reared for generations.
  • the artificial larvae of beehive beetles were reared in the laboratory using artificial beehive beetles of this embodiment at a laboratory temperature of 26 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%. After a period of rearing, the pupation rate was 80%, and the adults lay eggs. Normally, the egg hatching rate is 81%, the worm age is the same, and it can be reared.
  • the beehive beetle larvae were reared with artificial feed from the beehive beetle of this embodiment at a laboratory temperature of 26 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%. After a period of rearing, the pupation rate was 81%, and the adult lay eggs. Normal, the egg hatching rate is 80%, the worm age is the same, and it can be reared for generations.
  • Rape nectar, lychee honey, citrus honey, and motherwort honey were used in the laboratory alone to breed the beetle hatchling larvae.
  • the laboratory temperature was 26 ° C and the relative humidity was 80%. After a period of rearing, the larval mortality was high, reaching 80. More than 5%, the hatching rate is low, less than 20%, can not meet the requirements of large-scale feeding.
  • the artificial larvae of beehive beetles were reared in the laboratory using artificial beehive beetles of this embodiment at a laboratory temperature of 26 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%. After a period of rearing, the pupation rate was 80% and the adults spawn Normally, the egg hatching rate is 80%, which can be reared. However, since bees are beneficial insects and are not easily obtained in the nest spleen, it is recommended not to use bee larvae.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
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  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is an artificial diet for a small hive beetle, comprising yeast powder, honey, insect powder, a preservative, and water. The insect powder is black soldier fly larvae powder or mealworm powder. The honey is one or more of rapeseed honey, lychee honey, citrus honey, and motherwort honey. The preservative is one of sorbic acid and potassium sorbate. The present artificial diet can be used to breed and obtain small hive beetles at the same life stage, and the hatching rate thereof and the egg-laying rate of the adult beetles are both more than 80%.

Description

一种蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料Artificial feed for beehive small beetle 技术领域Technical field
本发明属于农业生物技术领域，具体涉及一种蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料。The invention belongs to the field of agricultural biotechnology, and particularly relates to an artificial feed for beehive beetles.
背景技术Background technique
蜂箱小甲虫是一种寄生在蜂群内的杂食性昆虫，其成虫和幼虫以蜜蜂幼虫、蜂蜜和花粉为食，因而会导致蜜蜂幼虫死亡、蜂蜜发酵和巢脾损毁，常造成整个蜂巢坍塌、蜂群弃巢飞逃。蜂箱小甲虫在温暖高湿的地区危害明显高于低温干燥地区。Beehive beetle is a omnivorous insect parasitizing in the bee colony. Its adults and larvae feed on bee larvae, honey and pollen. As a result, bee larvae die, honey is fermented, and nest spleen is damaged. It often causes the entire hive to collapse, The bee colonies fled their nests. Beehive beetles are more harmful in warm and humid areas than in low temperature and dry areas.
蜂箱小甲虫学名：Aethina tumida Murray，英文名：small hive beetle，属于鞘翅目(Coleoptera)、露尾甲科(Nitdiuldae))，1867年首先定名并作了描述；世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将蜂箱小甲虫列为蜜蜂六大重要病原体之一。1940年,南非农学家Ludine对其外部形态和生活方式进行了详细的描述。1998年，蜂箱小甲虫首次在美国发现，对养蜂业造成重大损失，受到养蜂业的广泛关注。随后，蜂箱小甲虫传播到加拿大、意大利、埃及、澳大利亚、菲律宾、韩国、拉丁美洲的一些国家。Scientific name of bee hives: Aethina tumida Murray, English name: small hive beetle, belonging to Coleoptera, Nitdiuldae, was first named and described in 1867; the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) named the beehive Small beetles are listed as one of the six important pathogens of bees. In 1940, South African agronomist Ludine described in detail its external form and lifestyle. In 1998, small beehive beetles were first discovered in the United States, causing significant losses to the beekeeping industry and attracted widespread attention from the beekeeping industry. Subsequently, beehive beetles spread to some countries in Canada, Italy, Egypt, Australia, the Philippines, South Korea, and Latin America.
据最新了解，蜂箱小甲虫已经在中国部分地区发现，但未造成严重危害。为了研究蜂箱小甲虫在中国的生物学特性、防治技术等科学实验，需要大量虫龄一致、虫体大小相近的供试虫。因此，研究蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料尤其重要。According to the latest understanding, small beehive beetles have been found in some parts of China, but have not caused serious harm. In order to study the scientific characteristics of beehive beetles in China, such as biological characteristics and control technology, a large number of test insects with the same age and similar body size are needed. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the artificial feed of bee hives.
发明内容：Summary of the invention:
本发明的目的是提供一种蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料，利用其能够规模化繁育蜂箱小甲虫。The object of the present invention is to provide an artificial feed for beehive beetles, which can be used for large-scale breeding of beehive beetles.
本发明的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料，其特征在于，包括酵母粉、蜂蜜、昆虫粉、防腐剂和水，所述的昆虫粉为黑水虻幼虫干粉或黄粉虫幼虫干粉。The beehive beetle artificial feed of the present invention is characterized in that it includes yeast powder, honey, insect powder, preservatives and water, and the insect powder is dry powder of black water sturgeon larva or dry powder of yellow mealworm larva.
优选，所述的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料由以下成分组成：按质量分数计，酵母粉5-15％，蜂蜜10-30％，昆虫粉20-40％，防腐剂为0.1-1％，余量加水至100％。Preferably, the beehive beetle artificial feed is composed of the following components: in terms of mass fraction, 5-15% yeast powder, 10-30% honey, 20-40% insect powder, 0.1-1% preservative, and the balance Add water to 100%.
所述的蜂蜜为油菜花蜜、荔枝蜜、柑桔蜜、益母草蜜中的一种或几种。The honey is one or more of rape nectar, litchi honey, citrus honey and motherwort honey.
所述的防腐剂为山梨酸、山梨酸钾中的一种。The preservative is one of sorbic acid and potassium sorbate.
优选，所述的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料由以下成分组成：按质量分数计，酵母粉10-15％，蜂蜜10-20％，黑水虻幼虫粉25-40％，防腐剂为0.1-1％，余量加水至100％。Preferably, the beehive small beetle artificial feed is composed of the following components: in terms of mass fraction, yeast powder 10-15%, honey 10-20%, black water sturgeon larva powder 25-40%, and preservatives 0.1-1% , The remainder add water to 100%.
本发明通过实验发现，利用本发明的人工饲料繁育繁育蜂箱小甲虫，所繁育的蜂箱小甲虫虫龄一致，卵孵化率、成虫产卵率均超过80％，因此利用本发明的人工饲料可以大量繁育蜂箱小甲虫。The present invention has found through experiments that the artificial beehive small beetle is bred using the artificial feed of the present invention, and the larvae of the small bee hives that are bred are of the same age, and the egg hatching rate and adult spawning rate are more than 80%. Breed small beehives.
具体实施方式：detailed description:
以下是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是对本发明的限制。The following is a further description of the present invention, but not a limitation of the present invention.
实施例1：Example 1:
用分析天平称取150克酵母粉，100克油菜花蜜，400克黑水虻幼虫干粉，山梨酸1克，水349克水，混合搅拌均匀，得到蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料，置于冰箱备用。Using an analytical balance, weigh 150 grams of yeast powder, 100 grams of rape nectar, 400 grams of black water sturgeon larvae, 1 gram of sorbic acid, and 349 grams of water. Mix and stir to obtain the artificial feed for beehive beetles, and place them in the refrigerator for later use.
在实验室中用本实施例的蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料饲养蜂箱小甲虫初孵幼虫，实验室温度26℃，相对湿度80％，经过一段时间饲养，其化蛹率为88％以上，成虫产卵正常，卵孵化率90％，虫龄一致，可以续代饲养。The beehive beetle larvae were reared in the laboratory using artificial beehive beetle artificial feed at a laboratory temperature of 26 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%. After a period of rearing, the pupation rate was above 88%. The eggs are normal, the egg hatching rate is 90%, the worm age is the same, and they can be reared for generations.
实施例2Example 2
用分析天平称取100克酵母粉，200克益母草蜜，250克黑水虻幼虫干粉，山梨酸钾10克，水440克水，混合搅拌均匀，得到蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料。置于冰箱备用。Using an analytical balance, weigh 100 grams of yeast powder, 200 grams of motherwort honey, 250 grams of black leeches larva dry powder, 10 grams of potassium sorbate, and 440 grams of water. Mix and stir well to obtain the artificial feed for beehive beetles. Keep in the refrigerator for future use.
在实验室中用本实施例的蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料饲养蜂箱小甲虫初孵幼虫，实验室温度26℃，相对湿度80％，经过一段时间饲养，其化蛹率为90％以上，成虫产卵正常，卵孵化率90％，虫龄一致，可以续代饲养。In the laboratory, the artificial feed of the beehive beetle was used to raise the newly hatched larvae of the beehive beetle. The laboratory temperature was 26 ° C and the relative humidity was 80%. After a period of rearing, the pupation rate was more than 90%. The eggs are normal, the egg hatching rate is 90%, the worm age is the same, and they can be reared for generations.
实施例3Example 3
用分析天平称取50克酵母粉，300克柑桔蜜，200克黄粉虫幼虫干粉，山梨酸10克，水440克水，混合搅拌均匀，得到蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料。置于冰箱备用。Using an analytical balance, weigh 50 grams of yeast powder, 300 grams of citrus honey, 200 grams of Tenebrio molitor larvae, 10 grams of sorbic acid, and 440 grams of water. Mix and stir to obtain the artificial feed for beehive beetles. Keep in the refrigerator for future use.
在实验室中用本实施例的蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料饲养蜂箱小甲虫初孵幼虫，实验室温度26℃，相对湿度80％，经过一段时间饲养，其化蛹率为80％，成虫产卵正常，卵孵化率81％，虫龄一致，可以续代饲养。The artificial larvae of beehive beetles were reared in the laboratory using artificial beehive beetles of this embodiment at a laboratory temperature of 26 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%. After a period of rearing, the pupation rate was 80%, and the adults lay eggs. Normally, the egg hatching rate is 81%, the worm age is the same, and it can be reared.
实施例4Example 4
用分析天平称取150克酵母粉，300克益母草蜜，400克黄粉虫幼虫干粉，山梨酸钾10克，水140克水，混合搅拌均匀，得到蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料。置于冰箱备用。Using an analytical balance, weigh 150 grams of yeast powder, 300 grams of motherwort honey, 400 grams of Tenebrio molitor larvae, 10 grams of potassium sorbate, and 140 grams of water. Mix and stir well to obtain an artificial feed for beehive beetles. Keep in the refrigerator for future use.
在实验室中用本实施例的蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料饲养蜂箱小甲虫初孵幼虫，实验室温度26℃，相对湿度80％，经过一段时间饲养，其化蛹率为81％，成虫产卵正常，卵孵化率80％，虫龄一致，可以续代饲养。In the laboratory, the beehive beetle larvae were reared with artificial feed from the beehive beetle of this embodiment at a laboratory temperature of 26 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%. After a period of rearing, the pupation rate was 81%, and the adult lay eggs. Normal, the egg hatching rate is 80%, the worm age is the same, and it can be reared for generations.
对比例1Comparative Example 1
用分析天平称取150克酵母粉，500克油菜花蜜，山梨酸1克，水349克水，混合搅拌均匀，得到蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料。置于冰箱备用。Using an analytical balance, weigh 150 g of yeast powder, 500 g of rape nectar, 1 g of sorbic acid, and 349 g of water. Mix and stir well to obtain the artificial feed for beehive beetles. Keep in the refrigerator for future use.
在实验室中用本对比例的蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料饲养蜂箱小甲虫初孵幼虫，实验室温度26℃，相对湿度80％，经过一段时间饲养，所饲养幼虫个体大小不均匀，其化蛹率为55-60％ 之间。In the laboratory, artificial larvae of bee-hive beetles were reared with artificial feed of bee-hive beetles of this comparative example at a laboratory temperature of 26 ° C. and relative humidity of 80%. The rate is between 55-60%.
对比例2：Comparative Example 2:
在实验室中单独使用油菜花蜜、荔枝蜜、柑桔蜜、益母草蜜饲养蜂箱小甲虫初孵幼虫，实验室温度26℃，相对湿度80％，经过一段时间饲养，其幼虫死亡率高，达到80％以上，孵化率低，不足20％，不能满足大量饲养要求。Rape nectar, lychee honey, citrus honey, and motherwort honey were used in the laboratory alone to breed the beetle hatchling larvae. The laboratory temperature was 26 ° C and the relative humidity was 80%. After a period of rearing, the larval mortality was high, reaching 80. More than 5%, the hatching rate is low, less than 20%, can not meet the requirements of large-scale feeding.
对比例3：Comparative Example 3:
用分析天平称取150克酵母粉，100克油菜花蜜，400克蜜蜂幼虫干粉，山梨酸钾1克，水349克水，混合搅拌均匀，得到蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料。置于冰箱备用。Using an analytical balance, weigh 150 grams of yeast powder, 100 grams of rape nectar, 400 grams of bee larva dry powder, 1 gram of potassium sorbate, and 349 grams of water. Mix and stir well to obtain the artificial feed for beehive beetles. Keep in the refrigerator for future use.
在实验室中用本实施例的蜂箱小甲虫的人工饲料饲养蜂箱小甲虫初孵幼虫，实验室温度26℃，相对湿度80％，经过一段时间饲养，其化蛹率为80％，成虫产卵正常，卵孵化率80％，可以续代饲养。但是由于蜜蜂是有益昆虫，并且在巢脾内，不容易获取，建议不使用蜜蜂幼虫。The artificial larvae of beehive beetles were reared in the laboratory using artificial beehive beetles of this embodiment at a laboratory temperature of 26 ° C and a relative humidity of 80%. After a period of rearing, the pupation rate was 80% and the adults spawn Normally, the egg hatching rate is 80%, which can be reared. However, since bees are beneficial insects and are not easily obtained in the nest spleen, it is recommended not to use bee larvae.

Claims (5)

  1. 一种蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料，其特征在于，包括酵母粉、蜂蜜、昆虫粉、防腐剂和水，所述的昆虫粉为黑水虻幼虫干粉或黄粉虫幼虫干粉。A beehive small beetle artificial feed is characterized in that it includes yeast powder, honey, insect powder, preservatives and water, and the insect powder is dry powder of black water sturgeon larva or dry powder of yellow mealworm larva.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料，其特征在于，所述的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料由以下成分组成：按质量分数计，酵母粉5-15％，蜂蜜10-30％，昆虫粉20-40％，防腐剂为0.1-1％，余量加水至100％。The beehive small beetle artificial feed according to claim 1, wherein the beehive small beetle artificial feed is composed of the following components: in terms of mass fraction, yeast powder 5-15%, honey 10-30%, insect powder 20-40%, the preservative is 0.1-1%, and the balance is added with water to 100%.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料，其特征在于，所述的蜂蜜为油菜花蜜、荔枝蜜、柑桔蜜、益母草蜜中的一种或几种。The beehive beetle artificial feed according to claim 1, wherein the honey is one or more of rapeseed nectar, litchi honey, citrus honey, and motherwort honey.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料，其特征在于，所述的防腐剂为山梨酸、山梨酸钾中的一种。The beehive small beetle artificial feed according to claim 1, wherein the preservative is one of sorbic acid and potassium sorbate.
  5. 根据权利要求1、2、3或4所述的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料，其特征在于，所述的蜂箱小甲虫人工饲料由以下成分组成：按质量分数计，酵母粉10-15％，蜂蜜10-20％，黑水虻幼虫粉25-40％，防腐剂为0.1-1％，余量加水至100％。The beehive small beetle artificial feed according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein the beehive small beetle artificial feed is composed of the following components: in terms of mass fraction, yeast powder 10-15%, honey 10 -20%, black water sturgeon larva powder 25-40%, preservatives 0.1-1%, the remainder add water to 100%.
PCT/CN2019/093467 2018-09-28 2019-06-28 Artificial diet for small hive beetle WO2020062979A1 (en)

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