Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L7/00—Compositions of natural rubber
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
  • B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
  • B60C1/0041—Compositions of the carcass layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
  • B60C2001/0066—Compositions of the belt layers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2207/00—Properties characterising the ingredient of the composition
  • C08L2207/04—Thermoplastic elastomer
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2312/00—Crosslinking

Definitions

• Rubber composition comprising a polyphenolic compound
• the present invention relates to rubber compositions based on elastomers, to composites comprising such compositions, as well as to tires comprising such compositions or such composites.
• Tire reinforcement plies usually comprise a rubber mixture and reinforcement cables, often metallic and covered with brass surface. These plies being subjected to significant stresses during the rolling of the tires, it is understood that the adhesion between the rubber and the reinforcing elements is a key property.
• the adhesion function generally requires specific formulations for the rubber mixture, in particular the need for a high level of sulfur and zinc oxide, a small amount of stearic acid, the presence of cobalt salt, the use of accelerator with long delay phase.
• these vulcanization systems with a high sulfur content constitute a strong constraint during the manufacture of semi-finished products, in particular to avoid premature crosslinking.
• WO 2017/081387 and WO 2017/081388 present a rubber composition and a composite based on a polymer matrix comprising a functional diene polymer.
• This functional diene polymer carries at least one aromatic group substituted by at least two vicinal hydroxy functions.
• the crosslinking of the rubber composition is carried out by a vulcanization system or based on one or more peroxide compounds. Good adhesion properties of the rubber composition to the metal are obtained, but require the use of a grafted polymer.
• Application JP 2011252107 describes a rubber composition having good adhesion to the metal, this composition comprising a diene elastomer and cobalt salt.
• Gallic acid or a gallic acid hydrate helps dissociate the cobalt salt.
• the composition is crosslinked with a sulfur-based system. Although having good adhesion characteristics, this composition uses both sulfur and a cobalt salt.
• the Applicant has discovered a rubber composition comprising a specific polyphenolic compound, which exhibits very good adhesion characteristics both with sulfur-based crosslinking systems, including with low sulfur contents, as well as with sulfur-free crosslinking systems.
• the composition according to the invention makes it possible in particular to obtain excellent adhesion without the presence of cobalt salts, regardless of whether the cable is covered with a metal or a specific alloy or not.
• the invention relates to a rubber composition based on at least one elastomer, a reinforcing filler, a crosslinking system and at least one polyphenolic compound, the polyphenolic compound comprising at least three aromatic rings comprising 6 carbon atoms, each carrying at least two vicinal hydroxyl groups.
• composition based on is meant a composition comprising the mixture and / or the in situ reaction product of the various constituents used, some of these constituents being able to react and / or being intended to react with each other, less partially, during the different manufacturing phases of the composition; the composition thus being able to be in the fully or partially crosslinked state or in the non-crosslinked state.
• part by weight per hundred parts by weight of elastomer (or phr), it is to be understood in the sense of the present invention, the part, by mass per hundred parts by mass of elastomer.
• any range of values designated by the expression “between a and b” represents the range of values going from more than a to less than b (ie limits a and b excluded) while any range of values designated by the expression “from a to b” signifies the range of values ranging from a to b (that is to say including the strict limits a and b).
• the compounds comprising carbon mentioned in the description can be of fossil origin or bio-based. In the latter case, they can be, partially or totally, from biomass or obtained from renewable raw materials from biomass. Are concerned in particular polymers, plasticizers, fillers, etc.
• composition according to the invention comprises at least one elastomer, preferably chosen from diene, olefinic, thermoplastic elastomers and their mixtures.
• iene elastomer or indistinctly rubber, whether natural or synthetic, must be understood in known manner an elastomer consisting at least in part (ie, a homopolymer or a copolymer) of diene monomer units (monomers carrying two carbon-carbon double bonds, conjugated or not).
• diene elastomers can be classified into two categories: “essentially unsaturated” or “essentially saturated”.
• essentially unsaturated means a diene elastomer derived at least in part from monomers conjugated dienes, having a rate of units or units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 15% (% by moles); This is how diene elastomers such as butyl rubbers or copolymers of dienes and of alpha-olefins of the EPDM type do not enter into the preceding definition and can be qualified in particular as "essentially saturated” diene elastomers (content of motifs of diene origin weak or very weak, always less than 15%).
• the diene elastomers included in the composition according to the invention are preferably essentially unsaturated.
• the other monomer can be ethylene, an olefin or a diene, conjugated or not.
• conjugated dienes having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms are suitable, in particular 1,3-dienes, such as in particular 1,3-butadiene and isoprene.
• olefins suitable are vinyl aromatic compounds having 8 to 20 carbon atoms and aliphatic ⁇ -monoolefins having 3 to 12 carbon atoms.
• vinyl aromatic compounds examples include styrene, ortho-, meta-, para-methylstyrene, the commercial "vinyl-toluene” mixture, para-tert-butylstyrene.
• aliphatic chloroolefins in particular, acyclic aliphatic crmonoolefins having from 3 to 18 carbon atoms are suitable.
• the diene elastomer is chosen from the group consisting of polybutadienes (BR), natural rubber (NR), synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), butadiene copolymers, isoprene copolymers, and mixtures of these. elastomers.
• the butadiene copolymers are particularly chosen from the group consisting of butadiene-styrene copolymers (SBR).
• the diene elastomer is an isoprene elastomer.
• isoprene elastomer is understood in known manner an isoprene homopolymer or copolymer, in other words a diene elastomer chosen from the group consisting of natural rubber (NR), synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), different isoprene copolymers and mixtures of these elastomers.
• NR natural rubber
• IR synthetic polyisoprenes
• isoprene copolymers mention will be made in particular of isobutene-isoprene (butyl rubber - IIR), isoprene-styrene (SIR), isoprene-butadiene (BIR) or isoprene-butadiene-styrene copolymers (SBIR).
• This isoprene elastomer is preferably chosen from the group consisting of natural rubber, synthetic cis-1,4 polyisoprenes and their mixtures; among these synthetic polyisoprenes, polyisoprenes are preferably used having a rate (mol%) of cis-1,4 bonds greater than 90%, more preferably still greater than 98%.
• the diene elastomer is natural rubber.
• the level of diene elastomer preferably isoprene elastomer, preferably natural rubber
• the level of diene elastomer, preferably isoprene elastomer, preferably natural rubber is from 50 to 100 phr, more preferably from 60 to 100 phr, more preferably from 70 to 100 phr, even more preferably from 80 to 100 pce and very preferably 90 to 100 pce.
• the level of diene elastomer, preferably isoprene elastomer, more preferably natural rubber is very preferably 100 phr.
• the rubber composition according to the invention can also contain in a minority any type of synthetic elastomer other than diene, or even polymers other than elastomers, for example thermoplastic polymers.
• the rubber composition according to the invention does not contain synthetic elastomer other than diene nor of polymer other than elastomers or contains less than 10 phr, preferably less than 5 phr.
• olefinic elastomer is meant within the meaning of the present invention an elastomer whose elastomeric chain is a carbon chain mainly comprising olefin monomeric units denoted O.
• the O monomers can come from any olefin known to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, these monomers being optionally substituted by linear or branched alkyl groups.
• O is an ethylene unit [-CH2-CH2-], and in this preferential case, the olefinic elastomer is an ethylenic elastomer.
• the molar level of O is greater than 50%. More specifically, the molar level of O is between 50 and 100%, preferably between 50 and 95%, preferably between 65 and 85%.
• the olefinic elastomer within the meaning of the present invention is therefore a copolymer also comprising from 0 to 50 mol% of non-olefinic units, that is to say different from O.
• the non-olefinic units denoted A ’, are present in the carbon chain so that the total molar ratio represented by the monomers O and A’ is equal to 100%.
• the non-olefinic monomers useful for the preparation of olefinic elastomers can be chosen from non-olefinic monomers which do not lead to unsaturations and the monomers which, once polymerized, lead to unsaturations carried by the elastomer chain (other than diene monomers) .
• the non-olefinic monomers which do not lead to unsaturations are essentially vinyl and acrylic / methacrylic monomers.
• such monomers can be chosen from styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, these monomers being optionally substituted by alkyl, aryl or other functionalized groups.
• non-diene monomers useful for the preparation of olefinic elastomers carrying unsaturations by copolymerization are all those known to those skilled in the art for forming unsaturated elastomers, such as for example dicyclopentadienyloxyethyl methacrylate.
• TPE Thermoplastic elastomer
• thermoplastic elastomers in the sense of the present invention thermoplastic elastomers (abbreviated as "TPE") which have an intermediate structure between thermoplastic polymers and elastomers. These are block copolymers, made up of rigid, thermoplastic blocks, connected by flexible, elastomeric blocks.
• thermoplastic elastomer preferably included in the composition according to the invention is a block copolymer whose chemical nature of the thermoplastic and elastomer blocks can vary.
• the TPEs have two peaks of glass transition temperature (“Tg”, measured according to standard ASTM D3418), the lowest temperature being relative to the elastomer part of the TPE, and the highest temperature being relating to the thermoplastic part of the TPE.
• Tg glass transition temperature
• the flexible blocks of TPEs are defined by a Tg lower than ambient temperature (25 ° C), while the rigid blocks have a Tg greater than 80 ° C.
• the glass transition temperature of the TPE when reference is made to the glass transition temperature of the TPE, it is the Tg relative to the elastomer block.
• the TPE has a glass transition temperature which is preferably less than or equal to 25 ° C, more preferably less than or equal to 10 ° C.
• a Tg value greater than these minima can reduce the performance of the composition according to the invention when used at very low temperatures; for such a use, the Tg of the TPE is more preferably still less than or equal to -10 ° C.
• the Tg of the TPE is greater than ⁇ 100 ° C.
• the TPE must be provided with sufficiently incompatible blocks (that is to say different because of their mass, their polarity or their respective Tg) to maintain their properties of elastomer or thermoplastic block.
• the TPEs can be copolymers with a small number of blocks (less than 5, typically 2 or 3), in which case these blocks preferably have high masses, greater than 15000 g / mol.
• These TPEs can be, for example, diblock copolymers, comprising a thermoplastic block and an elastomer block. They are also often triblock elastomers with two rigid segments connected by a flexible segment. The rigid and flexible segments can be arranged linearly, in a star or branched. Typically, each of these segments or blocks often contains at least more than 5, generally more than 10 base units (for example styrene units and butadiene units for a styrene / butadiene / styrene block copolymer).
• the TPEs can also include a large number of smaller blocks (more than 30, typically from 50 to 500), in which case these blocks preferably have low masses, for example from 500 to 5000 g / mol, these TPEs will be called TPE multiblocks thereafter, and are a chain of elastomeric blocks - thermoplastic blocks.
• the TPE can be presented in a linear form, star with at least three branches, branched or dendrimer.
• TPE is a copolymer chosen from the following group: styrene / isobutylene / styrene (SIBS), styrene / butadiene / styrene (SBS), styrene / isoprene / styrene (SIS), polybutadiene / polyurethane (TPU), polyether / polyester (COPE), polyether / polyamide (PEBA). It is also possible that the TPEs given in the example above are mixed together in the composition according to the invention.
• SIBS styrene / isobutylene / styrene
• SBS styrene / butadiene / styrene
• SIS styrene / isoprene / styrene
• TPU polybutadiene / polyurethane
• COPE polyether / polyester
• PEBA polyether /
• TPE elastomers As examples of commercially available TPE elastomers, mention may be made of SIS type elastomers marketed by Kuraray, under the name “Hybrar 5125", or marketed by Kraton under the name “D1161” or else SBS type elastomers linear marketed by Polimeri Europa under the name “Europrene SOLT 166" or SBS starred marketed by Kraton under the name "D1184". Mention may also be made of the elastomers marketed by the company Dexco Polymers under the name of "Vector” (e.g. "Vector 4114", “Vector 8508").
• Vector e.g. "Vector 4114", “Vector 8508"
• the “Vistamaxx” TPE marketed by the company Exxon the “Vistamaxx” TPE marketed by the company Exxon; the TPE COPE marketed by the company DSM under the name “Arnitel”, or by the company Dupont under the name “Hytrel”, or by the company Ticona under the name “Riteflex”; TPE PEBA marketed by Arkema under the name “PEBAX”; the TPE TPU marketed by the company Sartomer under the name "TPU 7840", or by the company BASF under the name "Elastogran”.
• the composition according to the invention comprises at least one functionalized elastomer.
• functionalized is meant that it carries a functional group, preferably a functional group comprising a function such as a conjugated diene function, an epoxide function, a carbonyl function, an anhydride function or an ester function acid.
• the functions present in the elastomer are obtained in a manner known to those skilled in the art by copolymerization or by post-polymerization modification, and are either carried directly by the skeleton of the chain, or carried by a lateral group according to the mode of obtaining.
• the composition according to the invention comprises at least one functionalized elastomer comprising a conjugated diene function.
• conjugated diene function well known to those skilled in the art, is meant the presence of two successive carbon-carbon double bonds, which can be located either along the elastomer chain, or on a branch of the elastomeric chain, in which case we will speak of a pendant function.
• the rubber composition according to the invention comprises at least one epoxy functionalized elastomer, and preferably an epoxidized diene elastomer.
• the epoxide functions present in the elastomer are obtained by copolymerization or by post-polymerization modification, and will either be carried directly by the skeleton of the chain, or carried by a lateral group depending on the method of production, for example by epoxidation or any another modification of diene functions present in the elastomeric chain after copolymerization.
• the epoxidized elastomers can for example be obtained in a known manner by epoxidation of the equivalent non-epoxidized elastomer, for example by processes based on chlorohydrin or bromohydrin or processes based on hydrogen peroxides, alkyl hydroperoxides or peracids (such as peracetic acid or performic acid), see in particular Kautsch. Kunststoff Kunststoffst. 2004, 57 (3), 82.
• the epoxy functions are then in the polymer chain.
• ENR epoxidized natural rubbers
• ENRs are for example sold under the names “ENR-25” and “ENR-50” (respective epoxidation rates of 25% and 50%) by the company Guthrie Polymer.
• Epoxidized BRs are also well known, sold for example by the company Sartomer under the name “Poly Bd” (for example “Poly Bd 605E”).
• Epoxidized SBRs can be prepared by epoxidation techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
• the epoxidized elastomers can also have pendant epoxy functions.
• they can be obtained either by post-polymerization modification (see for example J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1999, 73, 1733), or by radical copolymerization of the monomers with monomers carrying epoxide functions, in particular the esters of methacrylic acid comprising epoxy functions, such as for example glycidyl methacrylate (radical polymerization well known to those skilled in the art of polymer synthesis, see for example Macromolecules 1998, 31, 2822, or US20110098404) or by the use of nitrile oxides carrying epoxy functions.
• Epoxidized olefinic elastomers and methods for obtaining them are well known to those skilled in the art. Olefinic elastomers bearing epoxy groups have been described, for example, in documents EP 0247580 or US 5576080. Arkema offers commercially available epoxidized polyethylenes under the trade names "Lotader AX8840" and "Lotader AX8900".
• the epoxidized elastomer is an epoxidized diene elastomer
• it is preferably chosen from the group consisting of epoxidized natural rubbers (NR) (abbreviated to "ENR"), epoxidized synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), polybutadienes (BR) epoxidized preferably having a rate of cis-1,4 bonds greater than 90%, the epoxidized butadiene-styrene copolymers (SBR) and the mixtures of these elastomers.
• NR epoxidized natural rubbers
• IR epoxidized synthetic polyisoprenes
• BR polybutadienes
• SBR epoxidized butadiene-styrene copolymers
• the crosslinking system can be any type of system known to those skilled in the art in the field of rubber compositions for tires.
• the crosslinking of the elastomers can be implemented in several ways depending on the nature of said elastomers.
• the crosslinking system may preferably be based on one or more peroxide compounds, as described for example in document WO2017103387, or else the crosslinking may be carried out by radiation as described for example in document W02017064091.
• the crosslinking system can be based on sulfur, on one or more peroxide compounds or on the basis of one or more thiuram polysulfide type compounds.
• crosslinking agents can be used, depending on the nature of the function carried by the elastomer.
• crosslinking agents it is possible in particular to crosslink the epoxidized elastomers described above with polyacids, or to crosslink the elastomers having double conjugated baisons described above with polydienophiles.
• the crosslinking system may preferably be based on sulfur.
• This is called a vulcanization system.
• the sulfur can be provided in any form, in particular in the form of molecular sulfur, or of a sulfur donor.
• At least one vulcanization accelerator is also preferably present, and, optionally, also preferentially, various known vulcanization activators can be used such as zinc oxide, stearic acid or equivalent compound such as stearic acid salts and salts. of transition metals, guanidine derivatives (in particular diphenylguanidine), or also known vulcanization retardants.
• Sulfur is used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 12 phr, in particular between 1 and 10 phr.
• the vulcanization accelerator is used at a rate preferably between 0.5 and 10 phr, more preferably between 0.5 and 5 phr and very preferentially between 0.5 and 3 phr.
• accelerators of the thiazole type and their derivatives accelerators of the sulfenamide, thiuram, dithiocarbamate, dithiophosphate, thiourea and xanthate type can be used as accelerator.
• MBTS 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide
• CBS N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide
• DCBS N-dicyclohexyl- 2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide
• TBBS N-ter-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide
• TZTD tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide
• ZBEC zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate
• the crosslinking system is preferably based on one or more peroxide compounds, the said peroxide compound (s) representing from 0.01 to 10 phr.
• the peroxide which can be used according to the invention can be any peroxide known to those skilled in the art.
• the peroxide is chosen from organic peroxides.
• organic peroxide is meant an organic compound, that is to say containing carbon, comprising a ⁇ - group (two oxygen atoms linked by a single covalent bond).
• the organic peroxide breaks down at its unstable O ⁇ bond into free radicals. These free radicals allow the creation of crosslinking bonds.
• the organic peroxide is chosen from the group consisting of dialkyl peroxides, monoperoxycarbonates, diacyl peroxides, peroxyketals, peroxyesters, and their mixtures.
• the dialkyl peroxides are chosen from the group consisting of dicumyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy ) hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-amylperoxy) - hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexyne-3, 2,5-dimethyl -2,5-di (t- amylperoxy) hexyne-3, a, a'-di - [(t-butykperoxy) isopropyl] benzene, le a, a'-di - [(t- amykperoxy) isopropyl] benzene, di-t-amyl peroxide, 1,3,5-tri - [(t-
• a mixture of dicumyl peroxide and of 1,3 and 1,4-isopropylcumyl peroxide is also interesting.
• Certain monoperoxycarbonates such as 00-tert-butyl-0- (2-ethylhexyl) monoperoxycarbonate, OO-tert-butyPO-isopropyl monoperoxycarbonate, OO- tert-amyl-O-2-ethyl hexyl monoperoxycarbonate, and mixtures thereof, may also be used.
• the preferred peroxide is benzoyl peroxide.
• the preferred peroxides are chosen from the group consisting of 1,1-di- (t-butylperoxy) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 4,4-di- (t-butylperoxy) valerate of n -butyl, ethyl 3,3-di- (t-butylperoxy) butyrate, 2,2- di- (t-amylperoxy) -propane, 3,6,9-triethyl-3,6,9- trimethyl-1,4,7-triperoxynonane (or cyclic trimer methyl ethyl ketone peroxide), 3,3,5,7,7-pentamethyl 1,2,4-trioxepane, 4,4-bis (t- amylperoxy) n-butyl valerate, 3,3-di (t-amylperoxy) ethyl butyrate, 1,1-di (t-butylperoxy) cycl
• the peroxyesters are chosen from the group consisting of tert-butylperoxybenzoate, tert-butyleperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-butyleperoxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate and their mixtures.
• the organic peroxide is chosen from the group consisting of dicumyl peroxide, aryl or diaryl peroxides, diacetyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, ditertbutyl peroxide, tert-butylcumyl peroxide, 2,5-bis (tert-butylperoxy) -2,5-dimethylhexane, n-butyl-4,4'-di (tert-butylperoxy) valerate, 00- (t-butyl) -0- ( 2-ethylhexyl) monoperoxycarbonate, tert-butyl peroxyisopropylcarbonate, tertio-butyl peroxybenzoate, tert-butyl peroxy-3,5,5- trimethylhexanoate, 1,3 (4) -bis (tert-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene and mixture
• the crosslinking system is preferably based on one or more compounds of thiuram polysulphide type, the said thiuram polysulphide compound (s) representing from 0.5 to 15 pce.
• the level of thiuram polysulphide is between 0.5 and 10 phr, more preferably within a range of 1 to 5 phr.
• Such compounds are known to a person skilled in the art and described for example in document WO 2011/092124.
• TBzTD tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide
• TMTD disulfide tetramethylthiuram
• DPTT dipentamethylenethiuram tetrasulfide
• the crosslinking system is preferably based on one or more polyacid compounds, the said diacid compound (s) representing from 0.2 to 100 phr, preferably from 0.2 to 50 phr, more preferably 0.9 to 25 phr.
• polyacid compound such as a diacid
• a compound comprising several carboxylic acid functions, for example two carboxylic acid functions carried on either side of a group A, A being a divalent hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 1800 atoms carbon.
• A being a divalent hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 1800 atoms carbon.
• Said crosslinking system based on one or more polyacid compounds also comprises an imidazole representing from 0.01 to 4 molar equivalent, preferably from 0.01 to 3 molar equivalent relative to the carboxylic acid functions present on the polyacid compound (s) .
• molar equivalent well known to those skilled in the art, is meant the quotient between the number of moles of the compound or of a function concerned and the number of moles of the compound or of reference function.
• 2 equivalents of a compound or of function B with respect to a compound or of function A represent 2 moles of the compound or of function B when one mole of the compound or of function A is used.
• the crosslinking system is preferably based on one or more polydienophiles.
• Particularly suitable are the compounds of general formula (I)
• - A represents a covalent bond or a hydrocarbon group comprising at least 1 carbon atom, optionally substituted and optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms,
• Ri, R2, R3 and R4 independently of one another represent identical or different groups chosen from the hydrogen atom and the hydrocarbon groups, Ri and R2 on the one hand and R3 and R4 on the other hand which can form together with the carbon atoms of the ring to which they are attached, a ring.
• A represents a covalent bond or a divalent hydrocarbon group containing from 1 to 1800 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 300 carbon atoms, more preferably from 2 to 100 carbon atoms, and very preferably from 2 to 50 carbon atoms. Above 1800 carbon atoms, poly dienophile is a less efficient crosslinking agent.
• A preferably represents a divalent hydrocarbon group comprising from 3 to 50 carbon atoms, preferably from 5 to 50 carbon atoms, more preferably from 8 to 50 carbon atoms, and even more preferably from 10 to 40 carbon atoms.
• A is a divalent group of aliphatic or aromatic type or a group comprising at least one aliphatic part and one aromatic part, and preferably a divalent group of aromatic type, or a group comprising at least one aliphatic part and one part aromatic. More preferably, A is a divalent group comprising at least one aliphatic part and one aromatic part of the arylene-dialkylene or alkylene-diarylene type; and in particular, A is preferably a phenylene-dialkylene group (such as phenylene-dimethylene or phenylene-diethylene) or an alkylene-diphenylene group (such as methylene-diphenylene).
• A when interrupted, it is interrupted by at least one heteroatom chosen from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, preferably oxygen.
• A is substituted by at least one radical chosen from alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino and carbonyl radicals.
• the radicals Ri, R2, R 3 and R4 represent, independently of each other, identical or different groups chosen from the hydrogen atom, the alkyls having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, the cycloalkyls having from 5 to 24 atoms. carbon, aryls having 6 to 30 carbon atoms and aralkyls having 7 to 25 carbon atoms; groups which may optionally be interrupted by one or more heteroatoms and / or substituted, Ri and R2 on the one hand and R 3 and R4 on the other hand being able to form together with the carbon atoms of the ring to which they are attached, a chosen ring among the aromatic, heteroaromatic or aliphatic rings, comprising from 5 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
• Ri, R2, R 3 and R4 independently of one another represent identical or different groups chosen from the hydrogen atom, and linear or branched alkyls having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; groups which can possibly be substituted.
• the level of polydienophile is within a range ranging from 0.2 to 100 phr, preferably from 0.2 to 50 phr.
• the level of polydienophile is comprised in a range ranging from 0.4 to 27 phr, preferably from 0.9 to 20 phr.
• polydienophiles useful for the needs of the invention are either commercially available or easily prepared by those skilled in the art according to well known techniques such as the routes described for example in the document Walter W. Wright and Michael Hallden -Abberton "Polyimides” in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi-10.1002 / 14356007. a21_253.
• the rubber composition according to the invention is devoid of a crosslinking system other than one of those described above.
• the crosslinking system is based on one or more peroxide compounds, based on one or more polydienophilic compounds or based on one or more diacid compounds, it is preferably devoid of vulcanization system, or in contains less than 1 pce, preferably less than 0.5 pce and more preferably less than 0.2 pce.
• the composition is preferably devoid of any vulcanization accelerator or activator, as they are known to a person skilled in the art, or contains less than 1 phr, preferably less than 0.5 phr and more preferably less than 0 , 2 pce.
• the crosslinking system preferably included in the composition according to the invention is based on one or more compounds of thiuram polysulphide type, it preferably does not require the presence of another crosslinking agent, neither sulfur nor other additional vulcanization (sulfur donor, accelerator or vulcanization activator).
• the composition of the invention may therefore preferably be devoid of sulfur or of such additional vulcanizing agents, or else contain only a very small amount, less than 1 phr, preferably less than 0.5 phr, more preferably less than 0.2 pce.
• the composition of the invention can also be devoid of zinc or zinc oxide (known as activators of vulcanization), or else comprise only a very small amount, preferably less than 1 pce, preferably less than 0.5 pce, more preferably less than 0.2 pce.
• the rubber composition according to the invention is preferably devoid of molecular sulfur, or comprises less than 1 phr, preferably less than 0.5 pce and more preferably less than 0.2 pce.
• the rubber composition of the invention may include one or more reinforcing fillers.
• reinforcing filler can be used, known for its capacity to reinforce a rubber composition which can be used in particular for the manufacture of tires, for example an organic filler such as carbon black, an inorganic filler such as silica or else a mixture of these two types of charges.
• carbon blacks all carbon blacks are suitable, in particular the blacks conventionally used in tires or their treads.
• the reinforcing carbon blacks of the 100, 200, 300 series, or the blacks of the 500, 600 or 700 series (grades ASTM D-1765 2017), such as, for example, the blacks N115, N134, N234. , N326, N330, N339, N347, N375, N550, N683, N772).
• These carbon blacks can be used in the isolated state, as commercially available, or in any other form, for example as a support for some of the rubber additives used.
• the carbon blacks could for example already be incorporated into the diene elastomer, in particular isoprene, in the form of a masterbatch (see for example applications WO97 / 36724-A2 or WO99 / 16600-A1).
• organic fillers other than carbon blacks mention may be made of organic fillers of functionalized polyvinyl as described in requests W02006 / 069792-A1, W02006 / 069793-A1, W02008 / 003434-A1 and
• reinforcing inorganic filler should be understood here any inorganic or mineral filler, whatever its color and its origin (natural or synthetic), also called “white” filler, “clear” filler or even “non-black filler” As opposed to carbon black, capable of reinforcing on its own, without other means than an intermediate coupling agent, a rubber composition intended for the manufacture of tires.
• certain reinforcing inorganic fillers can be characterized in particular by the presence of hydroxyl groups (-OH) on their surface.
• inorganic fillers in particular mineral fillers of the siliceous type, preferably silica (S1O2) or of the aluminous type, in particular alumina (AI2O3), are suitable.
• the silica used can be any reinforcing silica known to a person skilled in the art, in particular any precipitated or pyrogenic silica having a BET specific surface as well as a CTAB specific surface both of which are less than 450 m 2 / g, preferably included in a field ranging from 30 to 400 m 2 / g, in particular from 60 to 300 m 2 / g.
• any type of precipitated silica can be used, in particular highly dispersible precipitated silicas (called “HDS” for “highly dispersible” or “highly dispersible silica”).
• HDS highly dispersible precipitated silicas
• These precipitated silicas, highly dispersible or not, are well known to those skilled in the art. Mention may be made, for example, of the silicas described in applications W003 / 016215-A1 and W003 / 016387-A1.
• non-HDS silica the following commercial silicas can be used: “Ultrasil ® VN2GR”, “Ultrasil ® VN3GR” from Evonik, “Zeosil® 175GR” from Silvay, “Hi” -Sil EZ120G (-D) “,” Hi-Sil EZ160G (-D) “,” Hi-Sil EZ200G (- D) “,” Hi-Sil 243LD “,” Hi-Sil 210 ",” Hi-Sil HDP 320G ”from PPG.
• the BET specific surface is determined by gas adsorption using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method described in "The Journal of the American Chemical Society” (Vol.
• CTAB specific surface values
• CTAB bromide of N- hexadecyl-N, N, N-trimethylammonium
• the specific surface area STSA is determined according to standard ASTM D6556-2016.
• inorganic fillers which may be used in the rubber compositions of the invention may also be cited mineral fillers of the aluminous type, in particular alumina (AI2O3), aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxides, aluminosilicates, titanium oxides, silicon carbides or nitrides, all of the reinforcing type as described for example in applications W099 / 28376-A2, WOOO / 73372-A1, WO02 / 053634-A1 , W02004 / 003067-A1, W02004 / 056915-A2, US6610261-B1 and US6747087-B2.
• aluminous type in particular alumina (AI2O3)
• aluminum oxides aluminum hydroxides, aluminosilicates, titanium oxides, silicon carbides or nitrides
• all of the reinforcing type as described for example in applications W099 / 28376-A2, WOOO / 73372-A1, WO02
• reinforcing inorganic filler is also understood to mean mixtures of different reinforcing inorganic fillers, in particular of silicas as described above.
• a person skilled in the art will know how to adapt the total reinforcing charge rate according to the use concerned, in particular according to the type of tire concerned, for example tire for a motorcycle, for a passenger vehicle or even for a utility vehicle such as a van or heavy vehicle.
• the rate of total reinforcing filler is between 10 and 200 phr, more preferably between 25 and 180 phr, the optimum being in known manner different according to the specific applications targeted.
• an at least bifunctional coupling agent intended to ensure a sufficient connection, of chemical and / or physical nature, between the filler inorganic (surface of its particles) and the diene elastomer.
• organosilanes or polyorganosiloxanes which are at least bifunctional are used.
• bifunctional is meant a compound having a first functional group capable of interacting with the inorganic charge and a second functional group capable of interacting with the diene elastomer.
• such a bifunctional compound may comprise a first functional group comprising a silicon atom, the said first functional group being capable of interacting with the hydroxyl groups of an inorganic charge and a second functional group comprising a sulfur atom, the so-called second functional group being able to interact with the diene elastomer.
• the organosilanes are chosen from the group consisting of polysulphurized organosilanes (symmetrical or asymmetrical) such as bis tetrasulphide (3-triethoxysilylpropyl), in short TESPT marketed under the name "Si69” by the company Evonik or bis disulphide -
• the organosilane is a polysulfurized organosilane.
• the content of coupling agent in the composition of the invention is preferably less than or equal to 35 phr, it being understood that it is generally desirable to use as little as possible.
• the level of coupling agent represents from 0.5% to 15% by weight relative to the amount of reinforcing inorganic filler. Its rate is preferably included in a range from 0.5 to 20 phr, more preferably included in a range ranging from 3 to 10 phr. This level is easily adjusted by a person skilled in the art according to the level of reinforcing inorganic filler used in the composition of the invention.
• a reinforcing filler of another nature could be used, since this reinforcing filler of another nature would be covered with an inorganic layer. such as silica, or else would have on its surface functional sites, in particular hydroxyls, requiring the use of a coupling agent to establish the connection between this reinforcing filler and the diene elastomer.
• carbon blacks partially or entirely covered with silica or carbon blacks modified with silica, such as, without limitation, fillers of the “Ecoblack®” type from the series CRX2000 ”or from the“ CRX4000 ”series from Cabot Corporation.
• composition according to the invention comprises at least one polyphenolic compound comprising at least three aromatic rings comprising 6 carbon atoms, each carrying at least two vicinal hydroxyl groups.
• vicinals is meant that the two hydroxyl groups carried by the aromatic ring are in position ortho to one another.
• the molar mass of the polyphenolic compound is preferably greater than 600 g / mol, preferably greater than 800 g / mol, preferably more than 1000 g / mol and very preferably more than 1200 g / mol.
• the polyphenolic compound is chosen from gallotannins, that is to say esters of gallic acid and of polyol, the polyol preferably being chosen from pentoses and hexoses.
• the polyphenolic compound is chosen from esters of glucose and gallic acid, preferably chosen from polygalloyl glucoses comprising from 3 to 10 galloyl units, preferably comprising from 5 to 10 galloyl units.
• the polyphenolic compound is chosen from trigalloyl glucoses, pentagalloyl glucoses and decagalloyl glucoses, and preferably from 1,2,6-Trigalloyl glucose, 1,3,6- Trigalloyl glucose, 1,2 , 3,4,6-Pentagalloyl-glucose and tannic acid (or beta-D- Glucose pentakis (3,4-dihydroxy-5 - ((3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl) oxy) benzoate)).
• the polyphenolic compound is tannic acid.
• the rubber composition according to the invention has particularly advantageous characteristics of adhesion to a metallic reinforcing element, in particular thanks to the presence of the polyphenolic compound, in particular for the constitution of composites, and very particularly of composites intended for tires and regardless of whether the reinforcing element is covered with a metal or a specific alloy.
• the rubber composition according to the invention preferably comprises from 0.1 to 30 phr of polyphenolic compound, preferably from 2 to 30 phr and very preferentially from 5 to 25 phr. Below 0.1 phr, the polyphenolic compound has no significant effect on the adhesion properties of the rubber composition according to the invention. Beyond 30 pc, there is no longer any significant gain.
• the composition according to the invention is preferably devoid of cobalt salts, as they are known to those skilled in the art, and the known effect of which is an improvement in adhesion, or contains less than 1 phr thereof. , preferably less than 0.5 phr, more preferably less than 0.2 phr and very preferably less than 0.1 phr.
• the rubber compositions in accordance with the invention may also comprise all or part of the usual additives, known to those skilled in the art and usually used in rubber compositions for tires, in particular of internal layers as defined later in the present application, such as for example plasticizers (plasticizing oils and / or plasticizing resins), reinforcing or non-reinforcing fillers other than those mentioned above, pigments, protective agents such as anti-ozone waxes, chemical anti-ozonants, oxidants, anti-fatigue agents, reinforcing resins (as described for example in application WO 02/10269).
• plasticizers plasticizing oils and / or plasticizing resins
• reinforcing or non-reinforcing fillers other than those mentioned above pigments
• protective agents such as anti-ozone waxes, chemical anti-ozonants, oxidants, anti-fatigue agents, reinforcing resins (as described for example in application WO 02/10269).
• compositions may also contain, in addition to any coupling agents, coupling activators, agents for recovery of inorganic charges or more generally agents for aid in implementation which are capable in known manner, thanks to an improvement in the dispersion of the filler in the rubber matrix and a reduction in the viscosity of the compositions, to improve their ability to be used in the raw state, these agents being for example hydrolysable silanes such as alkylalkoxysilanes (for example l 'octyltriethoxysilane, or octane silane), polyols, polyethers, primary, secondary or tertiary amines, hydroxylated or hydrolyzable polyorganosiloxanes.
• hydrolysable silanes such as alkylalkoxysilanes (for example l 'octyltriethoxysilane, or octane silane)
• polyols polyethers
• primary, secondary or tertiary amines
• the rubber composition in accordance with the invention is produced in suitable mixers, using preparation phases well known to those skilled in the art:
• thermomechanical working or kneading phase which can be carried out in a single thermomechanical step during which all the necessary constituents are introduced into a suitable mixer such as a standard internal mixer (for example of the 'Banbury' type), in particular the elastomeric matrix, the polyphenolic compound, the fillers, any other miscellaneous additives.
• a suitable mixer such as a standard internal mixer (for example of the 'Banbury' type), in particular the elastomeric matrix, the polyphenolic compound, the fillers, any other miscellaneous additives.
• the incorporation of the filler into the elastomer can be carried out in one or more times by thermomechanically kneading.
• the filler in particular carbon black
• masterbatch in as described for example in applications WO 97/36724 or WO 99/16600
• masterbatch in as described for example in applications WO 97/36724 or WO 99/16600
• masterbatch in as described for example in applications WO 97/36724 or WO 99/16600
• thermomechanical mixing is carried out at high temperature, up to a maximum temperature of between 110 ° C and 200 ° C, preferably between 130 ° C and 185 ° C, for a period generally between 2 and 10 minutes.
• a second mechanical working phase can then be carried out in an external mixer such as a cylinder mixer, after the mixture obtained during the first phase has cooled to a lower temperature, typically below 120 ° C., for example between 40 ° C and 100 ° C.
• the possible crosslinking system will be added, in accordance with the knowledge of those skilled in the art, during the first or second phase when this is carried out.
• a crosslinking system based on polyacids or polydienophiles will typically be added during the first phase.
• a crosslinking system based on peroxides or sulfur will typically be added during the second phase.
• the final composition thus obtained is then calendered, for example in the form of a sheet or a plate, in particular for characterization in the laboratory, or else extruded in the form of a semi-finished (or profiled) rubber.
• the composition can be either in the raw state (before crosslinking or vulcanization), or in the cooked state (after crosslinking or vulcanization), can be a semi-finished product which can be used in a tire.
• Cooking can be carried out, in a manner known to those skilled in the art, at a temperature generally between 130 ° C. and 200 ° C., under pressure, for a sufficient time which can vary, for example, between 5 and 90 min depending in particular on the curing temperature, on the crosslinking system adopted, on the crosslinking kinetics of the composition considered or even on the size of the tire.
• the invention also relates to a composite based on at least one reinforcing element and on a rubber composition according to the invention.
• the composite expression “based at least on a reinforcing element and a composition according to the invention” is meant a composite comprising the reinforcing element and said composition, the composition having been able to react with the surface of the reinforcing element during the various phases of manufacturing the composite, in particular during the crosslinking of the composition or during the making of the composite before crosslinking of the composition.
• Said reinforcing element is a wire element. It can be all or part metallic or textile.
• said reinforcing element may be of a textile nature, that is to say made of an organic material, in particular polymeric, or inorganic, such as for example glass, quartz, basalt or carbon.
• the polymeric materials can be of the thermoplastic type, such as, for example, aliphatic polyamides, in particular polyamides 6-6, and polyesters, in particular polyethylene terephthalate.
• the polymeric materials can be of the non-thermoplastic type, such as for example aromatic polyamides, in particular aramid, and cellulose, natural as well as artificial, in particular rayon.
• said reinforcing element comprises a metal surface.
• the metal surface of the reinforcing element constitutes at least a part, and preferably the entire surface of said element and is intended to enter directly in contact with the composition according to the invention.
• the reinforcing element is metallic, that is to say made of a metallic material.
• composition according to the invention coats at least part of the reinforcing element, preferably all of said element.
• the metal surface of the reinforcing element is made of a material different from the rest of the reinforcing element.
• the reinforcing element is made of a material which is at least partly, preferably completely, covered by a metallic layer which constitutes the metallic surface.
• the material at least in part, preferably completely, covered by the metallic surface is of metallic or non-metallic nature, preferably metallic.
• the reinforcing element is made of the same material, in which case the reinforcing element is made of a metal which is identical to the metal of the metal surface.
• the metal surface comprises a metal chosen from the group consisting of iron, copper, zinc, tin, aluminum, cobalt, nickel and alloys comprising at least one of these metals.
• the alloys can for example be binary or ternary alloys, such as steel, bronze and brass.
• the metal of the metal surface is iron, copper, tin, zinc or an alloy comprising at least one of these metals. More preferably, the metal of the metal surface is steel, brass (Cu-Zn alloy), zinc or bronze (Cu-Sn alloy), even more preferably brass or steel, and very preferably brass.
• the expression “the metal of the metal surface is the metal hereinafter designated” means that the metal surface is made of metal hereinafter designated.
• the expression “the metal of the metal surface is brass” written above means that the metal surface is brass.
• the composite is a reinforced product which comprises several reinforcing elements as defined above and a calendering gum in which the reinforcing elements are embedded, the calendering gum consisting of the rubber composition according to the invention.
• the reinforcing elements are generally arranged side by side in a main direction.
• the composite can therefore constitute a reinforcing reinforcement for a tire.
• the composite according to the invention can be in the raw state (before crosslinking of the rubber composition) or in the cooked state (after crosslinking of the rubber composition).
• the composite is cured after bringing the reinforcing element (s) into contact with the rubber composition according to the invention.
• the composite can be manufactured by a process which comprises the following stages:
• the composite can be manufactured by depositing the reinforcing element on a portion of a layer, the layer is then folded back on itself to cover the reinforcing element which is thus sandwiched over its entire length or a part of its length.
• the layers can be made by calendering. During the curing of the composite, the rubber composition is crosslinked.
• the curing of the composite generally takes place during the curing of the tire casing.
• the tire another object of the invention, has the essential characteristic of understanding the composition or the composite according to the invention.
• the tire can be in the raw state (before crosslinking of the rubber composition) or in the cooked state (after crosslinking of the rubber composition).
• the composition or composite is deposited in the raw state (that is to say before crosslinking of the rubber composition) in the structure of the tire before the curing step of the tire. pneumatic.
• the invention relates particularly to tires intended to equip motor vehicles of the tourism type, SUV ("Sport Utility Vehicles"), or two wheels (in particular motorcycles), or airplanes, or industrial vehicles chosen from vans, "Weight- heavy ”, ie metro, bus, road transport equipment (trucks, tractors, trailers), off-road vehicles such as agricultural or civil engineering machinery, and others.
• SUV Sport Utility Vehicles
• two wheels in particular motorcycles
• airplanes or industrial vehicles chosen from vans, "Weight- heavy ”, ie metro, bus, road transport equipment (trucks, tractors, trailers), off-road vehicles such as agricultural or civil engineering machinery, and others.
• the internal zone of the tire that is to say that between the external and internal zones.
• This zone includes layers or plies which are called here internal layers of the tire. These are for example carcass plies, tread underlays, plies of tire belts or any other layer which is not in contact with the ambient air or the inflation gas of the tire.
• composition defined in this description is particularly well suited to the internal layers of tires.
• the invention also relates to a tire comprising an internal layer comprising a composition or a composite according to the present invention.
• the internal layer can be chosen from the group consisting of carcass plies, crown plies, rod stuffing, crown feet, decoupling layers, tread underlayment and combinations of these inner layers.
• the internal layer is chosen from the group consisting of carcass plies, crown plies, rod stuffing, crown feet, decoupling layers and combinations of these internal layers.
• the invention relates to at least one of the objects described in the following points:
• a rubber composition according to any one of the preceding points comprising at least one elastomer chosen from diene, olefinic, thermoplastic elastomers and their mixtures.
• a rubber composition according to the preceding point comprising at least one diene elastomer or a thermoplastic elastomer.
• a rubber composition according to the preceding point comprising a crosslinking system based on one or more peroxide compounds, the said peroxide compound (s) representing from 0.01 to 10 phr.
• a rubber composition according to point 9 comprising a crosslinking system based on one or more compounds of thiuram polysulphide type, the said thiuram polysulphide compound (s) representing from 0.5 to 15 phr.
• a rubber composition according to any one of points 1 to 9 comprising at least one functionalized elastomer.
• a rubber composition according to the preceding point comprising at least one epoxy functionalized elastomer.
• a rubber composition according to the preceding point comprising a crosslinking system based on one or more polyacid compounds, the said polyacid compound (s) representing from 0.2 to 100 phr.
• a rubber composition according to point 12 comprising at least one functionalized elastomer comprising a conjugated diene function. 16. A rubber composition according to the preceding point comprising a crosslinking system based on one or more polydienophiles.
• a rubber composition according to point 8 comprising at least one thermoplastic elastomer.
• a rubber composition according to any one of the preceding points said composition being devoid of molecular sulfur or comprising less than 1 phr.
• a rubber composition according to point 9 comprising a sulfur-based crosslinking system, used at a preferential rate of between 0.5 and 12 phr.
• a rubber composition according to any one of the preceding points said composition being devoid of zinc or zinc oxide, or else comprising only a very small amount, preferably less than 1 phr, preferably less of 0.5 phr, more preferably less than 0.2 phr 22.
• a rubber composition according to any one of the preceding points in which the reinforcing filler comprises carbon black, silica or a mixture of carbon black and silica.
• a tire comprising an internal layer comprising a composition according to any one of points 1 to 23.
• crosslinking system is added, in accordance with the knowledge of a person skilled in the art, during the first phase for the polyacid crosslinking system, and during the second phase for the peroxide and sulfur based crosslinking systems.
• the quality of the connection between the rubber composition and a reinforcing element is determined by a test in which the force necessary to extract sections of unitary wires having a metallic surface of the crosslinked rubber composition is measured.
• composites are prepared in the form of a test piece containing, on the one hand, unitary metallic threads as reinforcing element having a metallic surface and, on the other hand, an elastomeric mixture comprising the crosslinked rubber composition after setting. in contact with the reinforcing element.
• a rubber block is made up of two plates, applied to each other before baking.
• the two plates of the block consist of the same rubber composition. It is during the making of the block that the unitary threads are trapped between the two plates in the raw state, at equal distance and leaving protruding on either side of these plates one end of the unitary wire of sufficient length to subsequent traction.
• the block comprising the unitary threads is then baked. For example, in this case, the block is cooked at 170 ° C for a time varying from 5 min to 90 min depending on the composition under pressure of 5.5 tonnes.
• the unitary wires are light steel wires, or covered with brass or zinc. Their diameter is 1.75 mm; the thickness of the brass or zinc coating is 200 nm to 1 pm.
• test tube thus made up of the crosslinked block and of the unitary wires is placed in the jaws of a traction machine adapted to enable each section to be tested in isolation, at a given speed and temperature (for example, in this case, at 100 mm / min and room temperature).
• the adhesion levels are characterized by measuring the so-called pull-out force to tear off the sections of the test piece.
• the composites in accordance with the invention exhibit a greatly improved tear resistance, whether the reinforcing element is covered with a metal or a specific alloy or not. .
• composition "T1" does not contain any specific polyphenolic compound.
• the cathecol grafted diene polymer corresponds to the teaching of WO2017 / 081387.
• composition "T3" does not contain any specific polyphenolic compound.
• composition "T7” does not contain any specific polyphenolic compound.

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