WO2020057583A1 - Luminescent symbol and method for fixing luminescent symbol to tangible object - Google Patents

Luminescent symbol and method for fixing luminescent symbol to tangible object Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020057583A1
WO2020057583A1 PCT/CN2019/106595 CN2019106595W WO2020057583A1 WO 2020057583 A1 WO2020057583 A1 WO 2020057583A1 CN 2019106595 W CN2019106595 W CN 2019106595W WO 2020057583 A1 WO2020057583 A1 WO 2020057583A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
luminescent
cells
luminescent symbol
symbol defined
points
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/106595
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hua Liu
Thomas Mcgregor
Zhen Song
Yuan Chen
Qiaxin Guo
Original Assignee
Gmkw Technology Wuxi Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2018903538A external-priority patent/AU2018903538A0/en
Application filed by Gmkw Technology Wuxi Co., Ltd. filed Critical Gmkw Technology Wuxi Co., Ltd.
Priority to CN201980061086.XA priority Critical patent/CN112840354B/zh
Publication of WO2020057583A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020057583A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
    • G06K19/06037—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking multi-dimensional coding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K1/00—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion
    • G06K1/12—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching
    • G06K1/121—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching by printing code marks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
    • G06K19/06046—Constructional details
    • G06K19/06112—Constructional details the marking being simulated using a light source, e.g. a barcode shown on a display or a laser beam with time-varying intensity profile
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
    • G06K19/06046—Constructional details
    • G06K19/0614—Constructional details the marking being selective to wavelength, e.g. color barcode or barcodes only visible under UV or IR

Definitions

  • the disclosure herein generally relates to a luminescent symbol and a method for fixing a luminescent symbol to a tangible object.
  • Machine readable representations of data may be applied to a tangible object, example of which include but are not limited to grocery packaging, shipping cartons, machine parts, and consumables.
  • Barcodes may encode a unique sequence of symbols and be used to identify a tangible object.
  • Bar codes generally comprise a black pigment and can be tampered with by a person drawing on the bar code using a pen, for example.
  • Barcodes can be duplicated using simple means, for example photocopying, photography and regeneration. Barcodes also generally require white space around them so that they can be read.
  • a luminescent symbol comprising a plurality of cells comprising at least one luminescent material and which encode information at least in part by their arrangement, the arrangement of the plurality of cells being optically readable.
  • the plurality of cells are disposed at selected prearranged points of a plurality of prearranged points to at least in part encodes the represented information.
  • the plurality of prearranged points are arranged to defined a plurality of triangles that tessellate a regular polygon.
  • one of the plurality of prearranged points is centrally disposed.
  • those of the plurality of prearranged points not centrally disposed are arranged to define a plurality of concentric polygons.
  • those of the plurality of prearranged points that are peripherally disposed are arranged to define a polygon having at least 5 sides.
  • the polygon having at least 5 sides may be a hexagon, for example a regular hexagon.
  • some of the plurality of cells are arranged to form a luminescent symbol location and orientation indicator.
  • some of the plurality of cells are disposed on a group of prearranged points of the plurality of prearranged points that are reserved for encoding luminescent symbol format information.
  • some of the plurality of cells are disposed on a group of prearranged points of the plurality of predefined points that are reserved for encoding an information payload.
  • some of the plurality of cells are disposed on a group of prearranged points that are reserved for encoding luminescent symbol mask pattern identification information.
  • some of the plurality of cells are disposed on a group of prearranged points of the plurality of prearranged points that are reserved for error checking information
  • each of the plurality of cells comprises a luminescent dot.
  • the largest dimension of each of the plurality of cells is in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m –100 ⁇ m.
  • the plurality of rare earth doped upconversion particles may each have a largest dimension in the range of 0.01 ⁇ m–0.5 ⁇ m.
  • a luminescent symbol defined by any one of the preceding claims wherein the information so encoded comprises a sequence of symbols constituting a unit of data.
  • a method for fixing a luminescent symbol to a tangible object comprising printing a plurality of cells each comprising luminescent material onto a surface of a tangible object.
  • Figures 1 –3 show schematic diagrams representing the structure of alternative embodiments of a luminescent symbol.
  • Figure 4 shows example masks.
  • FIGS 1 to 3 show schematic diagrams representing the structure of alternative embodiments of a luminescent symbol, the embodiments being generally indicated by the respective numerals 1000, 2000 and 3000.
  • Each of the luminescent symbols 1000, 2000, 3000 comprise a plurality of cells comprising at least one luminescent material.
  • the plurality of cells encode information at least in part by their arrangement.
  • the plurality of cells are disposed at selected prearranged points of a plurality of prearranged points to at least in part encodes the represented information.
  • the plurality of prearranged points are labelled 1 to 90 for luminescent symbol 1000, 1 to 126 for luminescent symbol 2000, and 1 to 168 for luminescent symbol 3000.
  • the plurality of prearranged points provide a fixed structure that can be used for a plurality of luminescent symbols.
  • Each of the plurality of cells comprises a luminescent dot comprising a crystalline upconversion material comprising a plurality of rare earth doped upconversion particles and a polymer matrix. That is, the luminescence material comprises a fluorescent material.
  • the plurality of rare earth doped upconversion particles may each have a largest dimension in the range 0.1 ⁇ m –100 ⁇ m across, however other embodiments may have smaller or larger particles.
  • the polymer matrix may be formed by curing a resin with an actinic light, which is generally an ultraviolet light.
  • the plurality of rare earth doped upconversion particles are suspended in the resin ( “luminescent inkjet printer ink” ) and printed using a piezo inkjet print head.
  • the plurality of rare earth doped upconversion particles each have a largest dimension in the range of 0.01 ⁇ m –0.5 ⁇ m to enable printing by a inkjet print head and provide sufficient luminescence.
  • the luminescent inkjet printer ink may comprise other rare earth doped upconversion particles that have a largest dimension less than 0.01 ⁇ m, however these have relatively low luminescent intensity.
  • any suitable alternative process may be used, for example a bubble jet or screen printing process.
  • a metal part may be pot peen marked forming a plurality of cavities which may be filled with the rare earth doped upconversion particles to complete the luminescent symbol.
  • the luminescent symbol is printed to a hot stamp label or a transfer film, and then applied from the label or film to the tangible object.
  • the luminescent symbol is fixed to a tangible object.
  • a tangible object comprising paper (e.g. a piece of paper or cardboard)
  • the resin may penetrate the paper and bind with the fibers to become integral with the paper. This may make it harder to tamper with the luminescent symbol.
  • the tangible object may be a metallic machine part, a piece of material used in the building or other industry, packaging or generally any tangible object compatible with the luminescent material.
  • a material in the form of a transparent coating may be applied to the tangible object over the luminescent symbol 1000, 2000, 3000, which may provide extra protection and embed the luminescent symbol 1000, 2000, 3000.
  • the plurality of cells may comprise upconversion nanoparticles, for example rare earth doped upconversion nanoparticles produced by Sigma-Aldrich, or an organic upconversion material, for example a polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbon, or quantum dots suspended in a suitable liquid in the form of, for example, toluene.
  • the cells may comprise a radio-luminescent material, and the luminescent cell exciting radiation may comprise ionising radiation in the form of electrons, for example.
  • any suitable luminescent material may be used.
  • the at least one luminescent material comprises at least two luminescent materials and the information is encoded with a radix greater than 2 using the at least two luminescent materials.
  • one luminescent material may emit green light, and another luminescent material may emit red light.
  • Each of the plurality of cells may comprise either one of or both of the two luminescent materials. More than two luminescence materials may be used to encode information with a radix greater than three.
  • the arrangement of the plurality of cells in each of the luminescent symbols 1000, 2000 and 3000 is optically readable.
  • the luminescent symbol 1000, 2000, 3000 is illuminated with a luminescent cell exciting radiation in the form of a laser beam that causes the plurality of cells to luminesce, that is emit luminescent light (photoluminesce) .
  • the luminescing plurality of cells are digitally imaged and the information encoded is extracted from the digital images in a processor. When the illumination of the luminescent symbol ceases, the luminescence emitted by the luminescence symbol decays to nothing, such that the luminescent symbol emits no light.
  • Luminescence may be isolated from the excitation source using synchronous detection, whereby a camera is controlled to capture an image of the luminescence after the excitation laser pulse is switched off.
  • a short image capture time ( “fast shutter speed” ) may reduce the effect of background light being detected.
  • the duration of the luminescence decay to differentiate between luminescent symbols and reflective symbols or back lit symbols.
  • Two images may be taken. The first may be timed to capture the luminescence, and the second may be timed so that the luminescence has at least significantly decayed, if not stopped altogether.
  • the luminescence symbols 1000, 2000 and 3000 are each based on a respective structure that can be used for many different luminescent symbols:
  • the plurality of prearranged points are arranged to define a plurality of triangles that tessellate a regular polygon.
  • the points (0, 6, 7) , (1, 7, 8) , (6, 13, 14) , and (7, 14, 15) of symbol 1000 each define an equilateral triangles of a plurality of equilateral triangles that tessellate the symbol associated with points 0 ...90. This may result in efficient packing of the plurality of cells, reducing the area of the luminescent symbol.
  • Each of the luminescent symbols 1000, 2000, 3000 have a centrally disposed point (45, 63, 84) .
  • Those of the plurality of prearranged points not centrally disposed are arranged to define a plurality of concentric polygons, forming concentric layers like the rings in a tree trunk.
  • the points 34, 35, 46, 56, 55 and 44 define a polygon in the form of a regular hexagon, however generally any suitable shape that may be concentrically arranged may be used, for example rectangles, circles, triangles etc.
  • the amount of data that may be encoded increases with the number of layers and number of points in a luminescent symbol.
  • the number of layers is scalable so that an arbitrary amount of data may be encoded.
  • Those of the plurality of prearranged points that are peripherally disposed are arranged to define a polygon having at least 5 sides, however generally any suitable peripheral shape may be defined.
  • the features of efficient packing combined with the polygon having at least 5 sides enable a round beam of luminescent cell stimulating light to be relatively tightly focused, which may increase the irradiance /brightness of the luminescence and may improve readability of the luminescent symbol.
  • Light of a narrow spectral range and relatively high intensity provides better stimulation of the at least luminescent material.
  • a suitable laser beam may be generated by a laser configured to emit near infrared light, for example a light emitting diode laser emitting near infrared light.
  • the near infrared light may have wavelength in the range of 900 nm –1100 nm.
  • a light emitting diode or other light source may be used, however it may be difficult to obtain sufficient light intensity.
  • the information encoded in the luminescent symbols comprises a sequence of symbols constituting a unit of data, for example an identifier in the form of a serial number, a sequence of bytes of technical data on the tangible object.
  • Data Encoding in the illustrated but not all embodiments is Hexadecimal (2 characters per Byte) .
  • any suitable form of information may be encoded in the luminescent symbol.
  • a group of prearranged points of the plurality of predefined points are reserved for encoding an information payload.
  • the data is at points 19, 20, 27, 28, 29, 36, 37, 38 (first byte) , 52, 53, 54, 61, 62, 63, 70, 71 (second byte) , 65, 73, 74, 80, 81, 82, 87, 88 (third byte) , 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 33 (fourth byte) .
  • Some of the plurality of cells of the luminescent symbols 1000, 2000, 3000 are arranged to form a luminescent symbol location and orientation indicator. When the orientation is known, the points can be read in the correct sequence and so the encoded data retrieved. The points are read in the same order that they are numbered, however they may have generally any suitable sequence in alternative embodiments.
  • the luminescent symbol location and orientation indicator comprises the points labelled 18, 26, 35, 45, 46, 47, 48, 15, 24, 34, 42, 43, 44, 55, 56, 64, 66, 72, 75, 0, 5, 40, 50, 85, 90.
  • Some of the plurality of cells are disposed on a group of prearranged points of the plurality of prearranged points that are reserved for encoding luminescent symbol format information.
  • luminescent symbol 1000 these are points 0, 5, 40, 50, 85 and 90.
  • the luminescent symbol format information comprises, in this but not all embodiments, luminescent symbol mask pattern identification information, however in another embodiment the luminescent symbol mask pattern may have points reserved for it.
  • data is XOR’d with a mask so as to maximise the number of points which have luminescent material, so as to maximise the ability to locate and orientate the luminescent symbol. For the 5 layer symbol of figure 1, there are 2 different masks that may be used.
  • the encoded data is XOR’d with the encoding mask when a luminescent symbol is read to retrieve the data.
  • the luminescent symbol format information comprises, in this but not all embodiments, luminescent symbol security mode information. Generally, any suitable security mode may be used, however three specific modes that may be used are given in Table 1.
  • Some of the plurality of cells are disposed on a group of prearranged points of the plurality of prearranged points that are reserved for error checking information in the form of Reed-Solomon error checking information.
  • these points are 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 16, 17, 25 (first byte) , 57, 58, 59, 67, 68, 69, 76, 77 (second byte) , 1, 6, 7, 30, 51, 78, 79, 86 (third byte) , 4, 11, 12, 39, 60, 83, 84, 89 (fourth byte) .
  • Bits representing information from the same byte are assigned to cells that are in close proximity. Any point of physical damage, failed printing or alteration may be more likely to occur in a concentrated location as opposed to being randomly distributed.
  • Reed-Solomon error correction is used in telecommunications for correction a burst error.
  • burst error-correcting codes employ methods of correcting burst errors, which are errors that occur in many consecutive bits rather than occurring in bits independently of each other.
  • Reed Solomon can effectively correct whole bytes of lost data but can only detect (but not correct) when individual bits from a plurality of bytes are erroneous.
  • the prearranged points in luminescent symbol 2000 are allocated as follows:
  • the prearranged points in luminescent symbol 3000 are allocated as follows:
  • the luminescent inkjet printer inks comprise a resin that is UV curable. Suspended in the resin is a pigment comprising a plurality of luminescent particles having generally any suitable morphology, examples of which include but are not limited to spherical, round and planar.
  • the luminescent particles when excited by an excitation light from an excitation light source, for example, a excitation light emitting laser or an excitation light LED, however generally any suitable excitation light emitting source may be used.
  • the lifetime of the luminescence may be engineered during manufacture of the crystalline upconversion material.
  • the lifetime of the luminescence may be measured by comparing the intensity of the luminescence in a plurality of consecutively taken images.
  • the resin generally, but not necessarily, comprises a mixture of more than one other resin.
  • the proportion of each of the other resins in the mixture may be selected for adhesion to the tangible object.
  • the proportion of each of the other resins in the mixture may be selected for adhesion to the plurality of luminescent particles.
  • the optical properties of the pigments may be difficult to reproduce, which may contribute to luminescent symbol security.
  • the luminescent inkjet printer inks may be colourless, a property which is retained after curing and may make it difficult to detect and generally be aesthetically appealing.
  • the luminescent inkjet printer ink may, however, be coloured if desired.
  • the UV curable resin may be low in volatile organic compounds and may be odorless, and so may be used in enclosed spaces.
  • the luminescent inkjet printer inks may have low viscosity, and low surface tension such that they are jettable from an inkjet printer head.
  • ⁇ Information may be encoded by using materials having different lifetimes.
  • a measured lifetime may be used to screen for luminescent materials not used by the authority.
  • a measured luminescent lifetime that is not expected may be indicative of a forgery, and consequently the luminescent lifetime may be used as a forensic marker.
  • the luminescent inkjet printer inks may provide a high level of security, may be hard to counterfeit.
  • the cured luminescent inkjet printer ink may have be mechanically strong, may be stable to high temperatures and may be corrosion resistant.
  • the luminescent particles are relatively bright, and consequently the required concentration of luminescent particles in the luminescent inkjet printer ink is relatively low.
  • luminescent particles 150 nm –350 nm, hexagonal NaYF 4 that are co-doped ytterbium and erbium/thulium, or co-doped with gadolinium and erbium/thulium is now described.
  • Different doping pairs will require different synthetic parameter and will result in various size, morphology and optical properties.
  • the size variation can be controlled within ⁇ 30%, and the median sizes are tuned by changing growth parameter (s) .
  • This method uses lanthanides trifluoroacetate as precursor. The procedure need to be carried out in a fume cupboard. Detailed method:
  • reaction mixture is transferred to the high temperature heating mantle and fitted with a temperature probe and gas washing outlet.
  • the temperature of the mixture is increased to 110°C for a period of 10 minutes, before increase the temperature to 330°C.
  • the heating ramp for this process should be no less than 10 °C/min.
  • the mixture is kept stirring vigorously for 30-90 min at 330°C.
  • the heating mantle is removed, and the mixture is cooled rapidly to below 200 °C then to room temperature.
  • a formulation for an ink for application on metal is:
  • a formulation for an ink for PVC cards and paper is:
  • the plurality of cells are relatively efficiently packed and arranged in a shape that is a good match to a round laser beam, allowing the beam to be tightly focussed to maximise the irradiance of the luminescence from the luminescent material resulting from illumination with a round beam of laser light.
  • a hexagonal luminescent symbol is more compact than a square or rectangular symbol, for example, which may make better use of available space.
  • the luminescence can be spectrally separated from the background colours of the tangible object, increasing readability and reducing the need for white space around the luminescent symbol.
  • the imaging of the luminescence may be timed to improve the signal strength and/or quality.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
PCT/CN2019/106595 2018-09-20 2019-09-19 Luminescent symbol and method for fixing luminescent symbol to tangible object WO2020057583A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201980061086.XA CN112840354B (zh) 2018-09-20 2019-09-19 荧光符号及用于将荧光符号固定于有形对象的方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2018903538 2018-09-20
AU2018903538A AU2018903538A0 (en) 2018-09-20 A luminescent symbol and a method for fixing a luminescent symbol to a tangible object

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WO2020057583A1 true WO2020057583A1 (en) 2020-03-26

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1561501A (zh) * 2001-10-08 2005-01-05 德国捷德有限公司 印刷的机器可读编码、有该编码的文书及它们的生产方法
JP2010039958A (ja) * 2008-08-07 2010-02-18 Osaka Univ 情報記録媒体、その読取装置及びその読取方法
US20110297749A1 (en) * 2010-06-05 2011-12-08 Llc Fluorescent Information Technology Verifiable symbolic direct part mark and method of its fabrication
CN107194301A (zh) * 2016-03-15 2017-09-22 中兴通讯股份有限公司 一种二维码的识别方法及装置

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7328851B1 (en) * 2006-10-31 2008-02-12 Xerox Corporation Machine-readable code format
US7549592B2 (en) * 2006-10-31 2009-06-23 Xerox Corporation Method for embedding machine-readable information with fluorescent materials
WO2010012046A1 (en) * 2008-08-01 2010-02-04 Encryption Technologies Corporation Pty Ltd A code carrier and an apparatus for reading a code carrier

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1561501A (zh) * 2001-10-08 2005-01-05 德国捷德有限公司 印刷的机器可读编码、有该编码的文书及它们的生产方法
JP2010039958A (ja) * 2008-08-07 2010-02-18 Osaka Univ 情報記録媒体、その読取装置及びその読取方法
US20110297749A1 (en) * 2010-06-05 2011-12-08 Llc Fluorescent Information Technology Verifiable symbolic direct part mark and method of its fabrication
CN107194301A (zh) * 2016-03-15 2017-09-22 中兴通讯股份有限公司 一种二维码的识别方法及装置

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