WO2020057239A1 - 一种基准级齿轮螺旋线样板 - Google Patents

一种基准级齿轮螺旋线样板 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020057239A1
WO2020057239A1 PCT/CN2019/096137 CN2019096137W WO2020057239A1 WO 2020057239 A1 WO2020057239 A1 WO 2020057239A1 CN 2019096137 W CN2019096137 W CN 2019096137W WO 2020057239 A1 WO2020057239 A1 WO 2020057239A1
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Prior art keywords
template
handed
involute
helical
gear
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
凌四营
陈义磊
凌明
张慧阳
王晓东
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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Priority to US16/622,081 priority Critical patent/US11125554B2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
    • G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
    • G01B21/042—Calibration or calibration artifacts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/20—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B5/202—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures of gears

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of precision gear testing, and relates to a reference-level gear helix template for gear helix transmission.
  • the total deviation of the helical line of the gear is one of the required items of the gear.
  • the standard device for calibrating the spiral measurement accuracy of gear measuring instruments is the gear spiral model, and its involute spiral surface is the standard for verifying various spiral instruments. It is used to transmit the parameter values of the gear spiral, modify the instrument display value, Determine the instrument's indication error.
  • the High-tech Department of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China issued a special plan for scientific and technological innovation in the field of advanced manufacturing technology during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period.
  • the focus is on the "design and precision manufacturing and measurement of reference-level gear involute and spiral prototypes.”
  • the reference gear helix template refers to gear helix templates with accuracy of 1 and above. , Used for the national level gear spiral transmission value benchmark; 2 level precision gear spiral model is called the standard gear spiral model, used for provincial and ministerial level measurement institutions or laboratory gear spiral transmission value benchmark.
  • the reference gear helical template must meet at least the requirements of the tier 1 template in the national standard for wheel helical lines, that is, at least one spiral with 0 ° and one left-handed and right-handed with the same design angle.
  • the tooth width must be greater than 90 mm.
  • the involute of the base circle parameter has a length of not less than 15mm.
  • Tooth profile deviation and tooth profile deviation deviation are required to be not more than 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • the surface roughness Ra of the involute spiral surface is not more than 0.1 ⁇ m. Due to the extremely strict precision index of the gear spiral model of the first-level precision, there are no related products in China at present, and the manufacturing technology of the spiral gear template of the first-level precision is still blank in China.
  • the present invention provides a reference-level gear spiral template that is easy to obtain with high precision through a forming process.
  • a reference-level gear helix template which has an overall symmetrical structure, and the centroid point of the gear-helix template is located at the geometric center of the model's mandrel;
  • two axially symmetrical shafts are provided on the shaft segments at both ends of the cylindrical surface of the gear spiral template.
  • the straight tooth groove includes one involute cylindrical surface on the opposite side with a 0 ° helix angle
  • the left-hand tooth groove includes a left-hand 15 ° and a left-hand 30 ° involute spiral
  • the right-handed cogging includes one each of right-handed 15 ° and right-handed 30 ° involute spiral surfaces.
  • the diameters of the A-end shaft section and the B-end shaft section are optimized to ensure that the centroid point of the entire reference gear helical template is located on the template.
  • the geometric center of the mandrel ensures that the gear helix template is always in a mass balance state during processing, measurement, and value transmission.
  • the two ends of the sample mandrel are processed with symmetrical fine thread and center hole.
  • the involute cylindrical surface or the transition between the involute spiral surface and the template on the reference gear helical template is provided with a retraction groove with a radius greater than 5 mm.
  • the radial reference datum cylindrical surfaces at the two ends of the above template are also the reference for the design, processing and measurement of the template.
  • the material of the reference gear spiral template is GCr15 or a material with equivalent performance.
  • the surface hardness of the involute cylindrical surface and involute spiral surface is not lower than HRC60.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the present invention provides a reference-level gear spiral template, which includes symmetrically arranged 0 °, 15 °, and 30 ° opposite-side tooth surfaces involute spiral surfaces, and also processes symmetrical axial and Radial reference datum.
  • the spatial centroid point of the template passes through the geometric center of the template mandrel, which ensures that the reference-level gear spiral template is in a parallel state of mass during processing, measurement, and value transmission.
  • the reference gear helical wire template provided by the present invention has a uniform design, processing and measurement reference, symmetrical structure, and balanced mass, and base disks can be installed at both ends to facilitate the use of the forming method to obtain high processing accuracy.
  • Figure 1 Gear helix template straight tooth groove.
  • 1 reference gear spiral template 1-1 straight tooth groove, 1-1-1 right tooth surface 0 ° involute cylindrical surface, 1-1-2 left tooth surface 0 ° involute cylindrical surface, 1- 1-3 straight tooth undercut, 1-2 left-handed cogging, 1-2-1 left-handed 15 ° involute spiral surface, 1-2-2 left-handed 30 ° involute spiral surface, 1-2-3 left-handed groove Undercut groove, 1-3 right-handed tooth groove, 1-3-1 right-handed 15 ° involute spiral surface, 1-3-2 right-handed 30 ° involute spiral surface, 1-3-3 right-handed groove retract Groove, 1-4AA end shaft section, 1-4BB end shaft section, 1-5AA end radial reference cylindrical surface, 1-5BB end radial reference cylindrical surface, 1-6AA end axial reference torus, 1-6BB end Axial reference torus, 1-7AA fine thread, 1-7BB fine thread, 1-8AA center hole, 1-8BB center hole.
  • the reference gear helical wire template 1 (hereinafter referred to as the template for reference) with an index circle diameter of 120mm and a tooth width of 100mm as an example, the design ideas and structural characteristics of the template are described.
  • the maximum outer diameter of the template is set to 126mm.
  • the involute cylindrical surface and the involute spiral surface start from the base cylindrical surface.
  • the chamfer of the tooth top and root is not more than 0.5 mm to ensure the length of the involute.
  • Three tooth grooves are processed on the outer cylindrical surface of the template, which are straight tooth groove 1-1, left-hand tooth groove 1-2, and right-hand tooth groove 1-3.
  • Straight tooth groove includes one inverse cylindrical surface with different sides of 0 ° helix, left hand tooth groove includes one left-handed 15 ° and left-hand side 30 ° involute helix, right-handed tooth groove includes right-handed 15 ° and right-handed 30 °
  • One involute spiral surface; on the end face of the outer cylindrical surface of the template, the involute cylindrical surface of the reference gear spiral template and the involute spiral surface and the template are provided with an undercut radius with a radius greater than 5mm, and The base circle is tangent. In addition to reducing the stress concentration, the undercut also helps to ensure the machining accuracy of the involute cylindrical surface and the involute spiral surface.
  • the included angle between the three cogging circles of the two different tooth flanks is 15 °.
  • the three tooth grooves in the clockwise direction are: straight tooth groove, right hand tooth groove, and Left-handed cogging.
  • the left-handed cogging and right-handed cogging are symmetrically arranged with respect to the straight toothing.
  • the angle between the left-handed cogging or right-handed cogging and the straight groove is 133.245 °, so as to ensure that the centroid point of the template perpendicular to the axial direction passes through the template.
  • the geometric center of the mandrel is 133.245 °, so as to ensure that the centroid point of the template perpendicular to the axial direction passes through the template.
  • the left-handed tooth groove and the right-handed tooth groove are composed of involute spiral surfaces with different helix angles, the groove widths of the left-handed tooth groove and the right-handed tooth groove are changed along the axis direction of the template, thereby causing the centroid of the largest outer cylindrical section of the template. Not in the geometric center of the template mandrel.
  • the centroid deviation of the largest outer cylindrical section of the template is balanced.
  • the B end shaft segment 1- The diameter of 4B is 64 mm, so that the spatial centroid point of the template can be located at the geometric center of the template mandrel.
  • the deflection of the axial reference torus at both ends with respect to the end face of the central hole at both ends is not greater than 0.2 ⁇ m, and the parallelism deviation is not greater than 0.2 ⁇ m;
  • the radial reference cylindrical surfaces at both ends are equal in length, with a diameter of 40 mm, and the diameter difference is not greater than 1 ⁇ m, the cylindricity is not more than 0.5 ⁇ m, the surface roughness is not more than 0.2 ⁇ m, and the radial jump of the two center holes is not more than 1 ⁇ m.
  • Two Type B central bore of the central bore with protective cone, tapered central hole is 60 ° - 0 -2 ', roundness error of less than of 0.4 m, a surface roughness of not more than 0.2 ⁇ m.
  • the material of the sample plate is GCr15 or equivalent material.
  • the surface hardness of the involute cylindrical surface and involute spiral surface is not lower than HRC60.
  • the other surfaces of the template are sandblasted and chrome plated.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)

Abstract

一种易于通过展成加工法获得高精度的基准级齿轮螺旋样板（1），为整体对称结构，样板（1）的质心点通过样板（1）芯轴的几何中心，基准级齿轮螺旋样板圆柱面上设有直齿槽（1-1）、左旋齿槽（1-2）和右旋齿槽（1-3）、轴向基准环面（1-6A,1-6B）和径向基准圆柱面（1-5A,1-5B）、细牙螺纹（1-7A,1-7B）和中心孔（1-8A,1-8B）。其中，直齿槽（1-1）包括0°螺旋角的异侧渐开圆柱面（1-1-1,1-1-2）各一条，左旋齿槽（1-2）包括左旋15°和左旋30°渐开螺旋面（1-2-1,1-2-2）各一条，右旋齿槽包括右旋15°和右旋30°渐开螺旋面（1-3-1,1-3-2）各一条。该基准级齿轮螺旋线样板（1），设计、加工和测量基准统一，结构对称，质量平衡，两端可安装基圆盘便于采用展成加工法获得高的加工精度。

Description

一种基准级齿轮螺旋线样板 技术领域
本发明属于精密齿轮测试技术领域，涉及一种用于齿轮螺旋线量值传递的基准级齿轮螺旋线样板。
 背景技术
齿轮的螺旋线总偏差是齿轮的必检项目之一。用于校准齿轮测量仪器螺旋线测量精度的标准器件是齿轮螺旋线样板，它的渐开螺旋面是检定各种螺旋线仪器的标准，用于传递齿轮螺旋线参数量值、修正仪器示值、确定仪器示值误差等。我国科技部高新司于2017年4月14日发布了“十三五”先进制造技术领域科技创新专项规划，明确提出将“机械基础技术和关键零部件”作为“十三五”期间的重点任务来抓，其中重点提到“基准级别齿轮渐开线样板和螺旋样板设计与精密制造和计量”。
根据齿轮螺旋线样板国家标准GBT 6468-2010的规定，齿轮螺旋线样板的精度等级分为1级和2级两个等级，基准级齿轮螺旋线样板特指1级及以上精度的齿轮螺旋线样板，用于国家级齿轮螺旋线的量值传递基准；2级精度的齿轮螺旋线样板称为标准级齿轮螺旋线样板，用于省部级计量机构或实验室齿轮螺旋线的量值传递基准。基准级齿轮螺旋样板至少要满足轮螺旋线样板国家标准中1级样板的要求，即至少具有0°的螺旋和相同设计角度的左旋和右旋各一条，齿宽要大于90 mm，用于确定基圆参数的渐开线展成长度不低于15mm。
对于基圆半径小于100 mm的1级精度齿轮螺旋线样板的齿廓形状偏差和齿廓倾斜偏差要求不大于1.2 μm；对于基圆半径大于100 mm而不大于200mm的1级精度齿轮螺旋线样板的齿廓形状偏差和齿廓倾斜偏差要求不大于1.5 μm。渐开螺旋面的表面粗糙度Ra不大于0.1μm。由于1级精度的齿轮螺旋线样板的精度指标极为严格，目前我国尚无相关产品问世，1级精度齿轮螺旋线样板的制造技术也尚属国内空白。
 技术问题
为研制基准级齿轮螺旋线样板，本发明提供了一种易于通过展成加工法获得高精度的基准级齿轮螺旋样板。
 技术解决方案
具体技术方案为：一种基准级齿轮螺旋线样板，为整体对称结构，齿轮螺旋线样板的质心点位于样板芯轴的几何中心；包括中间设置的基准级齿轮螺旋线样板圆柱面，其上设有直齿槽、左旋齿槽和右旋齿槽；左旋齿槽和右旋齿槽相对于直齿槽对称布置；齿轮螺旋线样板圆柱面两端的轴段上还设有两个位置对称的轴向基准环面和两个等直径的径向基准圆柱面；所述直齿槽包括0°螺旋角的异侧渐开圆柱面各一条，左旋齿槽包括左旋15°和左旋30°渐开螺旋面各一条，右旋齿槽包括右旋15°和右旋30°渐开螺旋面各一条。
通过合理布置齿轮螺旋线样板圆柱面上直齿槽、左旋齿槽和右旋齿槽的位置，优化A端轴段和B端轴段的直径，保证整个基准级齿轮螺旋样板的质心点位于样板芯轴的几何中心。该结构特征保证了齿轮螺旋线样板加工、测量和量值传递过程中总处于质量平衡状态。
上述样板芯轴的两端加工有对称的细牙螺纹和中心孔。
上述基准级齿轮螺旋线样板上的渐开圆柱面或渐开螺旋面与样板的过渡处设有半径为大于5mm的退刀槽。
上述样板两端径向参考基准圆柱面也是样板的设计、加工和测量基准。
基准级齿轮螺旋线样板的材料选用GCr15或性能相当的材料，渐开圆柱面和渐开螺旋面的表面硬度不低于HRC60。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果在于，本发明提供了一种基准级齿轮螺旋线样板，包含了对称布置的0°、15°和30°异侧齿面渐开螺旋面，还加工有对称的轴向和径向参考基准。该样板的空间质心点通过样板芯轴的几何中心，确保了基准级齿轮螺旋线样板加工、测量和量值传递过程中处于质量平行状态。本发明提供的基准级齿轮螺旋线样板，其设计、加工和测量基准统一，结构对称，质量平衡，两端可安装基圆盘便于采用展成加工法获得高的加工精度。
 附图说明
图1齿轮螺旋线样板直齿槽。
图2齿轮螺旋线样板左旋齿槽。
图3齿轮螺旋线样板右旋齿槽。
图中：1基准级齿轮螺旋线样板、1-1直齿槽、1-1-1右齿面0°渐开圆柱面、1-1-2左齿面0°渐开圆柱面、1-1-3直齿槽退刀槽、1-2左旋齿槽、1-2-1左旋15°渐开螺旋面、1-2-2左旋30°渐开螺旋面、1-2-3左旋槽退刀槽、1-3右旋齿槽、1-3-1右旋15°渐开螺旋面、1-3-2右旋30°渐开螺旋面、1-3-3右旋槽退刀槽、1-4AA端轴段、1-4BB端轴段、1-5AA端径向基准圆柱面、1-5BB端径向基准圆柱面、1-6AA端轴向基准环面、1-6BB端轴向基准环面、1-7AA端细牙螺纹、1-7BB端细牙螺纹、1-8AA端中心孔、1-8BB端中心孔。
 本发明的实施方式
以分度圆直径为120mm、齿宽为100mm的基准级齿轮螺旋线样板1(以下简称样板)为例，阐述该样板的设计思路与结构特征。
样板的最大外圆直径设为126mm，渐开圆柱面和渐开螺旋面从基圆柱面开始，齿顶和齿根的倒角不大于0.5 mm，确保渐开线的展成长度。样板外圆柱面上加工有三个齿槽，分别为直齿槽1-1、左旋齿槽1-2和右旋齿槽1-3。直齿槽包括0°螺旋角的异侧渐开圆柱面各一条，左旋齿槽包括左旋15°和左旋30°渐开螺旋面各一条，右旋齿槽包括右旋15°和右旋30°渐开螺旋面各一条；在样板外圆柱面A端面上，基准级齿轮螺旋样板上的渐开圆柱面和渐开螺旋面与样板的过渡处设有半径为大于5mm的退刀槽，并与基圆相切。退刀槽除减小应力集中外，还有利于保证渐开圆柱面和渐开螺旋面的加工精度。在A端面上三个齿槽两个异侧齿面分度圆之间的夹角为15°，从A端看三个齿槽沿顺时针方向分别为：直齿槽、右旋齿槽和左旋齿槽。左旋齿槽和右旋齿槽相对于直齿槽对称布置，左旋齿槽或右旋齿槽与直槽之间的夹角为133.245°，从而确保样板垂直于轴向方向上的质心点通过样板芯轴的几何中心。
由于左旋齿槽和右旋齿槽由不同螺旋角的渐开螺旋面组成，所以左旋齿槽和右旋齿槽的槽宽沿样板的轴线方向是变化的，从而造成样板最大外圆柱段的质心不在样板芯轴的几何中心。通过调整样板A轴段和B端轴段的直径差，平衡样板最大外圆柱段的质心偏差。设A端轴向基准环面1-6A和B端轴向基准环面1-6B之间的距离为140 mm，A端轴段1-4A的直径为57 mm，则B端轴段1-4B的直径为64 mm，就可使样板的空间质心点位于样板芯轴的几何中心。
两端轴向基准环面相对于两端中心孔的端面偏摆不大于0.2μm，平行度偏差不大于0. 2μm；两端径向基准圆柱面的长度相等，直径为40 mm，直径差不大于1μm，圆柱度不大于0.5μm，表面粗糙度不大于0.2μm，相对于两中心孔的径跳为不大于1μm。
两中心孔为带保护锥的B型中心孔，中心孔的锥度为60°- 0 -2 ′，圆度误差不大于0.4μm，表面粗糙度不大于0.2μm。
样板材料选用GCr15或性能相当的材料，渐开圆柱面和渐开螺旋面的表面硬度不低于HRC60。
除精加工的中心孔圆锥面、螺纹面、基准圆柱面、基准环面、渐开圆柱面和渐开螺旋面外，样板其它面喷砂镀铬处理。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种基准级齿轮螺旋线样板，其特征在于，整体对称结构，齿轮螺旋线样板的质心点位于样板芯轴的几何中心；包括中间设置的基准级齿轮螺旋线样板圆柱面，其上设有直齿槽、左旋齿槽和右旋齿槽；左旋齿槽和右旋齿槽相对于直齿槽对称布置；螺旋线样板圆柱面两端的轴段上还设有两个位置对称的轴向基准环面和两个等直径的径向基准圆柱面；所述直齿槽包括0°螺旋角的异侧渐开圆柱面各一条，左旋齿槽包括左旋15°和左旋30°渐开螺旋面各一条，右旋齿槽包括右旋15°和右旋30°渐开螺旋面各一条。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的基准级齿轮螺旋线样板，其特征在于，芯轴的两端加工有对称的细牙螺纹和中心孔。
  3. 如权利要求1和2所述的基准级齿轮螺旋线线样板，其特征在于，基准级齿轮螺旋线样板上的渐开圆柱面或渐开螺旋面与样板的过渡处设有半径为大于5 mm的退刀槽。
  4. 如权利要求1和2所述的基准级齿轮螺旋线线样板，其特征在于，基准级齿轮螺旋线样板的材料选用GCr15，渐开圆柱面、渐开螺旋面的表面硬度不低于HRC60。
  5. 如权利要求1和2所述的基准级齿轮螺旋线样板，其特征在于，分度圆直径为120mm、齿宽为100mm的基准级齿轮螺旋线样板具体参数为：样板的最大外圆直径设为126mm，渐开圆柱面和渐开螺旋面从基圆柱面开始，齿顶和齿根的倒角不大于0.5 mm；在A端面上三个齿槽两个异侧齿面分度圆之间的夹角为15°，从A端看三个齿槽沿顺时针方向分别为：直齿槽、右旋齿槽和左旋齿槽；左旋齿槽和右旋齿槽相对于直齿槽对称布置，左旋齿槽或右旋齿槽与直槽之间的夹角为133.245°，从而确保样板垂直于轴向方向上的质心点通过样板芯轴的几何中心。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的基准级齿轮螺旋线线样板，其特征在于，A端轴向基准环面和B端轴向基准环面之间的距离为140 mm，A端轴段的直径为57 mm，B端轴段的直径为64 mm，保证样板的空间质心点位于样板芯轴的几何中心；
    两端轴向基准环面相对于两端中心孔的端面偏摆不大于0.2μm，平行度偏差不大于0. 2μm；两端径向基准圆柱面的长度相等，直径为40 mm，直径差不大于1μm，圆柱度不大于0.5μm，表面粗糙度不大于0.2μm，相对于两中心孔的径跳为不大于1μm；
    两中心孔为带保护锥的B型中心孔，中心孔的锥度为60°- 0 -2 ′，圆度误差不大于0.4μm，表面粗糙度不大于0.2μm。
PCT/CN2019/096137 2018-09-17 2019-07-16 一种基准级齿轮螺旋线样板 Ceased WO2020057239A1 (zh)

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CN109186511B (zh) * 2018-09-17 2019-08-20 大连理工大学 一种基准级齿轮螺旋线样板
CN111156942B (zh) * 2020-02-27 2025-08-05 中国计量科学研究院 一种大齿轮多参量标准样板
CN113305733B (zh) * 2021-06-30 2022-04-12 大连理工大学 一种等公法线齿轮螺旋线样板的纯滚动展成研磨加工装置
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WO2023044850A1 (zh) * 2021-09-26 2023-03-30 大连理工大学 一种连轴装配式大齿轮渐开线样板
CN113899328B (zh) * 2021-09-26 2022-06-14 大连理工大学 一种连轴装配式大齿轮渐开线样板
CN114111547B (zh) * 2021-11-17 2022-08-09 大连理工大学 一种齿轮螺旋线样板的纯滚动测量方法与装置
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