WO2020056889A1 - 一种检测混合体系内各成分含量的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种检测混合体系内各成分含量的方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2020056889A1
WO2020056889A1 PCT/CN2018/114806 CN2018114806W WO2020056889A1 WO 2020056889 A1 WO2020056889 A1 WO 2020056889A1 CN 2018114806 W CN2018114806 W CN 2018114806W WO 2020056889 A1 WO2020056889 A1 WO 2020056889A1
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nucleic acid
acid molecule
copy
component
mixed system
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French (fr)
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张翀
陈政霖
剪兴金
邢新会
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6844Nucleic acid amplification reactions
    • C12Q1/6851Quantitative amplification

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for detecting the content of each component in a mixed system, and in particular to a method for detecting the content of each component in a mixed system based on a nucleic acid label, and a device for performing the detection.
  • a mixed liquid is a naturally occurring form of a liquid.
  • the presence of this liquid enables chemical reactions to take place.
  • the phenomenon of life itself is a series of complicated chemical reactions. Therefore, the mixed liquid also maintains the growth and reproduction of living organisms. In the process of confirming these reactions, it is often necessary to calculate the content of each component from the results after the reaction, which is a complicated task.
  • fluorescence is often used to track and quantify a certain substance to be detected, but the use of fluorescence tracking is limited to 4 fluorescent colors, and the use of quantum dot tracking is limited to 8 color ratios. For systems with more than 8 components, tracking cannot be performed effectively. In addition, the method of using color tracking is also limited by the minimum detection concentration. When the content of the target component is too low, tracking by fluorescence or quantum dots is sometimes impossible.
  • Microfluidic technology is widely used in sample preparation, reaction, separation, and detection in biological, chemical, and medical analysis. It is one of the most active areas of rapid development of cutting-edge technology and research.
  • the manipulation of liquid samples is very important in the fields of chemistry, microbiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, medical analysis, etc.
  • Liquid samples include cell culture solutions, cell reaction solutions, protein solutions, DNA solutions, RNA solutions, different culture media, and other liquid samples commonly used in various biological, chemical, and medical analysis fields.
  • microfluidic technology With the continuous development of microfluidic technology, the need to transfer multiple liquid samples from an open system to a microchannel system has gradually become apparent, and has greatly restricted the application and development of this technology.
  • Common open systems in the art include, for example, various systems that react in 96-well plates, centrifuge tubes, flasks, sample tubes, etc.
  • Microchannel systems are, for example, microdroplets, microchannels, tubes, microreactors, etc. .
  • the droplet microfluidic technology is an important part of the microfluidic technology.
  • the droplet microfluidic technology is to send two mutually incompatible fluids, taking the most common water and oil as examples, into a micron-sized pipe, and make the water phase divided into one size by the oil phase by interfacial tension.
  • each small droplet can be regarded as an independent reactor, which is equivalent to an independent mixed system in a biochemical reaction. Since such a micro-mixing system is easy to construct and can build a large number of micro-reactors, the use of such micro-droplets can achieve many advantages that cannot be achieved by conventional hybrid systems. For example, such a system can be used for high-throughput screening, Each system has the characteristics of low reagent consumption and low background noise, so it has good industrialization prospects.
  • Patent Document 1 provides a micro-droplet fluorescence detection system, which includes a micro-fluidic chip, an optical path device, and a motion control device to control the movement of the chip and the optical path device. During the micro-droplet fluorescence scanning detection process in the chip, the chip and The optical path device generates relative motion, while the micro-droplets in the chip and the chip remain relatively stationary.
  • the advantages of the micro-droplet fluorescence detection system according to Patent Document 1 are closed detection to avoid cross-contamination, fast detection speed, high throughput, and high sensitivity.
  • Patent Document 1 CN106442443A Publication
  • the present invention is intended to provide a method and device that can easily and quickly quantify the content of various components in a mixed system, such as a droplet, a well plate system, and a solid incubator, without any toxicity.
  • the present invention relates to the following:
  • a method for detecting the content of M components in a mixed system comprising:
  • the concentrations of various components present in the mixed system after the reaction occurred were calculated based on the detected copy number.
  • the nucleic acid molecule is selected from any of dsDNA molecules, RNA molecules, and ssDNA molecules.
  • N is greater than or equal to M.
  • the designed nucleic acid molecules remain stable during the reaction of the mixed system.
  • the length of the nucleic acid molecule is 10 bp or more and 20,000 bp or less, preferably 20 bp or more and 10,000 bp or less, and more preferably 30 bp or more and 5000 bp or less.
  • the nucleic acid molecule is a modified nucleic acid molecule.
  • the nucleic acid molecules present in the mixed system after the reaction are detected to determine the copy number of N different nucleic acid molecules in the mixed system are detected by the ddPCR method.
  • the nucleic acid molecules present in the mixed system after the reaction are detected to determine the copy number of the N different nucleic acid molecules in the mixed system are detected by detecting a marker on the modified nucleic acid molecule.
  • the method further includes:
  • the selected nucleic acid molecules in the mixed system after the reaction are detected are determined to determine the copy number of n different nucleic acid molecules in the mixed system.
  • the ratio of the nucleic acid molecule to the component of known concentration is 1 copy of the nucleic acid molecule / 1fmol / mL.
  • Known component ⁇ 1 copy of nucleic acid molecule / 1 kmol / mL of known component, preferably 1 copy of nucleic acid molecule / 0.01 pmol / mL of known component to 1 copy of nucleic acid molecule / 100 mol / mL of known component, more preferably 1 copy of nucleic acid molecule / 1 pmol / mL of known component to 1 copy of nucleic acid molecule / 10mol / mL of known component.
  • a device for detecting the content of M components in a mixed system comprising:
  • Nucleic acid molecule designer which designs and synthesizes N different nucleic acid molecules
  • Nucleic acid molecule calibration component which adds a given number of designed N different nucleic acid molecules to a known concentration of M different components, thereby determining the concentration of each component represented by each copy of the nucleic acid molecule Level;
  • reaction component in which a mixed system is composed and reacted by using M different components whose concentrations are known
  • a detection component that detects nucleic acid molecules present in the mixed system after the reaction is completed to determine the copy numbers of N different nucleic acid molecules in the mixed system, and,
  • the nucleic acid molecule is selected from any of dsDNA molecules, RNA molecules, and ssDNA molecules.
  • N is greater than or equal to M.
  • the designed nucleic acid molecules remain stable during the reaction of the mixed system.
  • the length of the nucleic acid molecule is 10 bp or more and 20,000 bp or less, preferably 20 bp or more and 10,000 bp or less, and more preferably 30 bp or more and 5000 bp or less.
  • the nucleic acid molecule is a modified nucleic acid molecule.
  • the nucleic acid molecules present in the mixed system after the reaction are detected are determined to determine that the copy numbers of the N different kinds of nucleic acid molecules in the mixed system are detected by the ddPCR method.
  • the nucleic acid molecules present in the mixed system after the reaction are detected to determine the copy number of the N different nucleic acid molecules in the mixed system are detected by detecting a marker on the modified nucleic acid molecule.
  • the device also includes:
  • a selection component which realizes a reaction system selected from a plurality of mixed systems
  • the selected nucleic acid molecules in the mixed system after the reaction are detected are determined to determine the copy numbers of the N different kinds of nucleic acid molecules in the mixed system.
  • the ratio of the nucleic acid molecule to the component of known concentration is 1 copy of the nucleic acid molecule / 1fmol / mL.
  • Known component ⁇ 1 copy of nucleic acid molecule / 1 kmol / mL of known component, preferably 1 copy of nucleic acid molecule / 0.01 pmol / mL of known component to 1 copy of nucleic acid molecule / 100 mol / mL of known component, more preferably 1 copy of nucleic acid molecule / 1 pmol / mL of known component to 1 copy of nucleic acid molecule / 10mol / mL of known component.
  • M can be any value, that is, the method and device of the present invention can be used to effectively monitor more than 4 components, even more than 8 components, as long as it can be designed. N kinds of effective nucleic acid molecules can achieve such monitoring.
  • the method and device of the present invention can be used to detect a very low concentration of a known component.
  • the method and device of the present invention do not use fluorescence or quantum dots that may be toxic to biological systems or biological reactions, and therefore can provide a method and device that do not have any toxic effect on biological reactions or biological culture systems. .
  • the invention relates to a method for detecting the content of M kinds of components in a mixed system, which includes: designing and synthesizing N kinds of different nucleic acid molecules; adding a given copy number of the designed N kinds of different nucleic acid molecules to a known concentration of M kinds of different molecules Composition, so as to determine the concentration level of each component represented by each copy of the nucleic acid molecule; use M different components with known concentrations to form a mixed system and perform the reaction; and to the mixed system after the reaction is completed
  • Existing nucleic acid molecules are detected to determine the copy number of N different nucleic acid molecules in the mixed system, and the concentrations of various components present in the mixed system after the reaction are calculated based on the detected copy numbers.
  • the nucleic acid molecule refers to a biological macromolecular compound polymerized by a plurality of nucleotides. According to different chemical composition, nucleic acids can be divided into ribonucleic acid (RNA for short) and deoxyribonucleic acid (for short DNA). In another specific embodiment of the present invention, the nucleic acid may be any known nucleic acid molecule, and may include, for example, various types of nucleic acid molecules such as single-stranded DNA molecules (ssDNA), double-stranded DNA molecules (dsDNA), and RNA molecules. .
  • ssDNA single-stranded DNA molecules
  • dsDNA double-stranded DNA molecules
  • the designed nucleic acid molecule can be a dsDNA molecule, or the nucleic acid molecule can be RNA molecules, or the nucleic acid molecules may be ssDNA molecules, and it is understood that the N different nucleic acid molecules may be N dsDNA molecules, or may be N RNA molecules, or N ssDNA molecules, and the N different
  • the N different nucleic acid molecules designed as above can be uniformly mixed into M different components, for example, they can be M solutions, where N is greater than or equal to M.
  • N M
  • N M
  • a known nucleic acid a is added to the solution A
  • a nucleic acid b is added to the solution B
  • a nucleic acid c is added to the solution C
  • the solution is extended to M different solutions.
  • the known nucleic acid a1 and nucleic acid a2 are added to the solution A, the nucleic acid b is added to the solution B, the nucleic acids c1 and c2 are added to the solution C, and the solution is extended to M different solutions.
  • the designed N different nucleic acid molecules there are no specific requirements for the designed N different nucleic acid molecules, as long as it can be used to track M components, and it is preferred that the designed nucleic acid molecules remain stable during the reaction of the mixed system.
  • maintaining stability means that during the entire reaction process of the mixed system, the nucleic acid molecule remains intact and will not be degraded by any component in the mixed system, nor will it be degraded by the products generated by the reaction of the mixed system. It can always be tracked by the methods described later during the entire detection process.
  • the length of the nucleic acid molecule can be more than 10bp, for example, it can be 20bp, 30bp, 40bp, 50bp, 60bp, 70bp, 80bp, 90bp, 100bp, 200bp, 300bp, 400bp, 500bp, and can be below 20,000bp, below 19,000bp, below 18,000bp, below 17,000bp, below 16,000bp, below 15,000bp, and 14,000bp Below, it is below 13,000bp, below 12,000bp, below 11,000bp, below 10,000b, below 9,000bp, below 8,000bp, below 7,000bp, below 6,000bp, and below 5,000bp.
  • the length of N kinds of nucleic acid molecules can be the same or different.
  • the length of nucleic acid molecule a can be 55bp
  • the length of nucleic acid molecule b can be 60bp
  • the length of nucleic acid molecule c can be 150bp
  • the length of nucleic acid molecule d can be 113bp. and many more.
  • the nucleic acid molecule is optionally a modified nucleic acid molecule.
  • the nucleic acid molecule may be a nucleic acid molecule cross-linked with a nanoparticle, or a nucleic acid molecule modified with a commonly used label, such as a protein or peptide.
  • the ratio of a nucleic acid molecule to a component of known concentration ranges from 1 copy of a nucleic acid molecule / 1fmol / mL of a known component to 1 copy of a nucleic acid molecule / 1kmol / mL of a known component, preferably 1 copy of a nucleic acid molecule / 0.01pmol / mL of a known component Component to 1 copy of a nucleic acid molecule / 100 mol / mL of a known component, and more preferably 1 copy of a nucleic acid molecule / 1 pmol / mL of a known component to 1 copy of a nucleic acid molecule / 10 mol / mL of a known component.
  • nucleic acid molecule 1fmol / mL of known component A 1 copy of nucleic acid molecule 1kmol / mL of known component A, 1 copy of nucleic acid molecule 0.01pmol / mL of known component A, 1 copy of nucleic acid molecule 100mol / Characterization of mL known component A, 1 copy of nucleic acid molecule 1 pmol / mL of known component A, 1 copy of nucleic acid molecule 10 mol / mL of known component A.
  • nucleic acid molecules are used to characterize different concentrations of known components.
  • the known component can be quantified.
  • the lower limit of the known component concentration is not particularly limited.
  • a nucleic acid of a known sequence having a known concentration is added to the solution (a component of the mixed solution). For example, 100 mL of nucleic acid AA that does not react with substance A is mixed into 1 mL of substance A. At this time, measurement of 1 copy of nucleic acid AA indicates that the mixed solution contains 0.01 mL of substance A.
  • those skilled in the art can add a nucleic acid molecule of a given copy number to a solution formed by M different components or components, and determine the concentration of the component represented by each copy number of the nucleic acid molecule.
  • the reaction starts immediately, and after the reaction is finished, the reaction system with excellent effect is taken out, and the concentration of each nucleic acid contained is detected.
  • the above reaction can be a chemical reaction, a biological reaction, a culture system, an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, or a reaction that can occur in various mixed systems such as chemical synthesis.
  • the mixed system formed as described above is placed in an arbitrary mixed liquid generating device to generate a mixed liquid. Then, microorganisms are encapsulated in the mixed solution. The droplets are cultured, and after the culture, the droplets capable of growing microorganisms are selected.
  • the mixed system formed as described above is placed in a 96-well plate, and an enzyme solution is added to start the enzyme-catalyzed reaction, and after the enzyme-catalyzed reaction is completed, the enzyme-catalyzed reaction is selected. Holes and further testing.
  • the method of the present invention includes: selecting a system that has reacted from the several mixed systems, and selecting the selected system. 2.
  • the nucleic acid molecules present in the mixed system after the reaction are detected to determine the copy number of n different nucleic acid molecules in the mixed system.
  • the method of the present invention can be used to optimize multi-component reactions such as culture media, chemical reactions, and the like.
  • Such a multi-component reaction system includes, for example, optimization of the amount of enzyme in an industrial multi-enzyme system, cultivation of microorganisms, optimization of induction conditions, cultivation of non-cultivable microorganisms, and the like.
  • the present invention is applied to a large number of droplet systems for biological culture in the field of microfluidics, that is, each mixed system is a droplet.
  • a droplet bank including multiple droplets can be generated in a microfluidic chip.
  • techniques such as droplet microfluidics and a liquid separation robot can be used to generate droplets in a fluid, such as droplets in oil or air.
  • a droplet is a reaction system that is used to react.
  • the above-mentioned library formed by a plurality of mixed systems is not limited to a fluid form, and a curing agent such as a gel can be used to solidify the droplets to form a solid reactor.
  • the mixing system involved in this method is not limited to droplets, and multiple well plates, or test tubes, shake flasks, petri dishes, culture agar plates, etc. can also be used.
  • the M components when the M components of different known concentrations are mixed, the M components can be added to the reaction by any method known to those skilled in the art, for example, by simple mixing.
  • Device such as a culture flask or petri dish.
  • each component in the mixed system can be controlled by automatically controlling the flow rate of the pump that injects each liquid component, for example.
  • electronic control usually in the form of a wave, such as a sine wave, but not limited to waves
  • the component A cycle is 1 second
  • the component B cycle is 5 seconds
  • the component C cycle is 7.5 seconds
  • the component D cycle is 13 seconds
  • the component E is 50 seconds
  • the component F is 1000 seconds. Then, fill it with a certain amount of buffer or water.
  • it is not limited to the method of using electronic control, and it can also be implemented by manual control and other methods.
  • the presence of nucleic acid molecules in the mixed system after the reaction is detected to determine the copy numbers of N different nucleic acid molecules in the mixed system.
  • the detection method may be a method for detecting a nucleic acid concentration such as ST-PCR, ddPCR, but is not limited to these methods.
  • the sequence can be measured by direct sequencing methods, such as ST-PCR, ddPCR, etc .; for nucleic acids carrying nanomagnetic particles, they can be measured by measuring magnetic signals, such as by measuring nanoparticles. The magnetic signal intensity determines the number of particles. For other nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles, you can measure the physical properties such as luminescence and absorbance. For protein or peptide modification, you can use specific absorbance. Other physical methods are used to detect the concentration of the modified protein or peptide, so that the content of the modified nucleic acid molecule can be quantified.
  • nucleic acid molecules with different lengths such as DNA molecules are used to quantitatively track nine different components.
  • 9 kinds of DNA molecules with different lengths are designed for tracking known components, and the lengths of these 9 kinds of different DNA molecules are 129bp, 127bp, 90bp, 95bp, 80bp, 93bp, 88bp, 75bp, and 92bp.
  • nucleic acid molecules of the same length such as RNA molecules, are used to quantitatively track nine different components.
  • RNA molecules of the same length are designed for tracking known components, and the length of the nine RNA molecules is 60 bp.
  • nucleic acid molecules with different lengths such as DNA molecules are used to quantitatively track four different components.
  • four kinds of DNA molecules with different lengths are designed for tracking known components, and the lengths of the four kinds of different DNA molecules are 67bp, 65bp, 66bp, and 82bp, respectively.
  • nucleic acid molecules with different lengths are used, for example, DNA molecules are used to quantitatively track three different components.
  • three types of DNA molecules with different lengths are designed to track known components, and the lengths of the three types of different DNA molecules are 58bp, 68bp, and 61bp, respectively.
  • ddPCR is used to detect the copy number of N different nucleic acid molecules.
  • the nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule modified with magnetic nanoparticles, and the modified nucleic acid molecule is monitored by a magnetic sensor.
  • the above sequence 1 is mixed into a 10% amino acid-deficient yeast nitrogen source solution
  • the sequence 2 is mixed into a 10% folic acid solution
  • the sequence 3 is mixed into a 10% vitamin B solution
  • the sequence 4 is mixed into a 10% glucose solution.
  • 5 mixed into 1% ammonium sulfide solution
  • sequence 6 mixed with 0.8g / L uracil deficiency, tryptophan, lysine missing mixed amino acid
  • sequence 7 mixed with 1g / L uracil and sequence 8 mixed with 1g / L tryptophan Acid
  • sequence 9 mixed with 1g / L lysine.
  • the concentration of the above-mentioned nine kinds of nucleic acids was controlled to 1000 copies / nanoliter.
  • the injection is controlled by a compact injection pump with an amplitude of 0.5 pL and different frequencies (the amplitude is the peak of a sine wave, that is, at most 0.5 pL, and the frequency represents the number of sine wave cycles per second).
  • the 2.0g / L amino acid-deficient yeast nitrogen source solution has a sine wave vibration frequency of 0.1s
  • a 10% folic acid solution has a sine wave vibration frequency of 7.0s
  • a 10% vitamin B solution has a sine wave vibration frequency of 10s
  • 10% glucose is a compact injection pump with an amplitude of 0.5 pL and different frequencies (the amplitude is the peak of a sine wave, that is, at most 0.5 pL, and the frequency represents the number of sine wave cycles per second).
  • the 2.0g / L amino acid-deficient yeast nitrogen source solution has a sine wave vibration frequency of 0.1s
  • a 10% folic acid solution has a sine wave vibration frequency of 7.0s
  • a 10% vitamin B solution has a sine wave vibration
  • the sine wave vibration frequency of the solution is 40s, the sine wave vibration frequency of the 1% ammonium sulfide solution is 85s, 0.8g / L uracil deficiency, tryptophan, and lysine lacking mixed amino acid solution.
  • the sine wave vibration frequency is 130s, 1g / L.
  • the sine wave vibration frequency of the uracil solution is 350s, the sine wave vibration frequency of the 1g / L tryptophan solution is 400s, and the sine wave vibration frequency of the 1g / L lysine solution is 500s.
  • the ratio of the solution contained in the generated droplets varies.
  • the above-mentioned droplets of cellulase-producing E. coli growth were extracted from the microfluidic system. Specifically, since the bacteria grow in the droplets and produce cellulase, the fluorescent substrate will be degraded into cellobiose and 6,8-difluoro-7-umbellactone-4-methanesulfonate with blue fluorescence. A flow cytometer was used to pick out fluorescent-containing droplets to pick out droplets where the bacteria were growing.
  • ddPCR Bio-Rad, QX200, Droplet, Digital PCR, System
  • the content of each component of the solution contained in the extracted droplets is 1 pL 2.0 g / L amino acid-deficient yeast nitrogen source solution, 1 pL 10% glucose solution, 1 pL 1% ammonium sulfide solution, 1 pL 0.8 g / L uracil deficiency, tryptophan deficiency, lysine deficiency mixed amino acid, 1pL 1.0g / L uracil solution, 1pL 1.0g / L tryptophan and 2pL water.
  • sequence 10 into 0.5% yeast extract, sequence 11 into 0.01% sodium bicarbonate solution, sequence 12 into 0.6% vitamin B solution, sequence 13 into 0.7% glucose solution, sequence 14 into 0.1% ammonium sulfide solution, and sequence 15 into A 0.2% sodium chloride solution, sequence 16 is mixed with a 0.5% iron citrate solution, a sequence 17 is mixed with a 0.7% peptone solution, and a sequence 18 is mixed with a 0.2% calcium chloride solution.
  • the concentration of the above-mentioned nine kinds of nucleic acids was controlled to 2000 copies / nanoliter.
  • Each of the above nine solutions was filled into a 1 mL syringe, and the syringe was mounted on a precision injection pump.
  • a 2.0% low melting point agarose solution was filled into a 1 mL syringe and installed on a precision injection pump (Harvard Apparatus, Pump 11 Elite). The sample was injected into the droplet microsphere at a rate of 0.5 pL / sec at 37 ° C. Flow control chip.
  • the injection is controlled by a compact injection pump with an amplitude of 0.5 pL and different frequencies (the amplitude is the peak of a sine wave, that is, at most 0.5 pL, and the frequency represents the number of sine wave cycles per second).
  • the sine wave vibration frequency of the 0.5% yeast extract solution is 0.01s
  • the sine wave vibration frequency of the 0.01% sodium bicarbonate solution is 0.3s
  • the sine wave vibration frequency of the 0.6% vitamin B solution is 7s
  • the 0.7% glucose solution is sine.
  • the wave vibration frequency is 20s
  • the 0.1% ammonium sulfide solution sine wave vibration frequency is 72s
  • the 0.2% sodium chloride solution sine wave vibration frequency is 140s
  • the 0.5% iron citrate solution sine wave vibration frequency is 310s
  • the vibration frequency is 420s
  • the sine wave vibration frequency of 0.2% calcium chloride solution is 500s.
  • microspheres contain: 0.5% yeast extract 1pL, 0.7% glucose solution 2pL, 0.2% sodium chloride solution 1pL, 0.5% iron citrate solution 0.5pL.
  • the above sequence 1 is mixed into a 10% amino acid-deficient yeast nitrogen source solution
  • the sequence 2 is mixed into a 10% folic acid solution
  • the sequence 3 is mixed into a 10% vitamin B solution
  • the sequence 4 is mixed into a 10% glucose solution.
  • 5 mixed into 1% ammonium sulfide solution
  • sequence 6 mixed with 0.8g / L uracil deficiency, tryptophan, lysine missing mixed amino acid
  • sequence 7 mixed with 1g / L uracil and sequence 8 mixed with 1g / L tryptophan Acid
  • sequence 9 mixed with 1g / L lysine.
  • the concentration of the above-mentioned nine kinds of nucleic acids was controlled to 1000 copies / nanoliter.
  • the ratio of the solution contained in the generated droplets varies.
  • the fluorescence change is detected in an incubator with a fluorescence detection device, and the cellulase-producing E. coli growth liquid is extracted.
  • the fluorescent substrate will be Will be degraded into cellobiside and 6,8-difluoro-7-umbellactone-4-methanesulfonate with blue fluorescence.
  • a flow cytometer was used to pick out fluorescent-containing droplets to pick out droplets where the bacteria were growing.
  • ddPCR Bio-Rad, QX200 Droplet Digital PCR System
  • the content of each component of the solution contained in the extracted mixed drops can be calculated to be 3pL 2.0g / L amino acid-deficient yeast nitrogen source solution, 5pL 10% glucose solution, 2pL 1% ammonium sulfide solution, 1pL 0.8g / L uracil deficiency, tryptophan deficiency, lysine deficiency mixed amino acid, 6pL 1.0g / L uracil solution, 2pL 1.0g / L tryptophan.
  • a 10% ⁇ -D-glucose solution a 1U / mL glucose oxidase (GOx) solution, a 1U / mL horseradish peroxidase solution, and an Amplex UltraRed fluorescent substrate solution (Invitrogen, the preparation method is the same as the instructions) .
  • 10% ⁇ -D-glucose was placed in an autoclave at 115 ° C. and autoclaved for 20 minutes.
  • Add sequence 19 to 10% ⁇ -D-glucose solution sequence 20 to 1U / mL glucose oxidase (GOx) solution, sequence 21 to 1U / mL horseradish peroxidase solution, and sequence 22 to 1U / mL Amplex .
  • the concentration of nucleic acid was 10,000 copies / nanoliter.
  • a dispensing robot randomly assign 10% ⁇ -D-glucose, 1U / mL glucose oxidase (GOx), 1U / mL horseradish peroxidase, and Amplex UltraRed fluorescent substrate solution to a microplate (using a laser to Etched on glass, 100,000 holes). It was placed in a modified constant temperature incubator with a fluorescence detection device, and reacted at 30 ° C for 48 hours, and the test was performed every 10 minutes. After 48 hours, the target mixture (ie, a mixture with a low background value and a high fluorescence) is selected.
  • the target mixture ie, a mixture with a low background value and a high fluorescence
  • each sequence in the mixed solution was measured using ddPCR (Bio-Rad, QX200 Droplet Digital PCR System) to infer the ratio of each solution.
  • the mixed solution contains a 10% ⁇ -D-glucose solution and 1U / mL glucose oxidase (GOx)
  • the solution, 1U / mL horseradish peroxidase solution and Amplex UltraRed fluorescent substrate solution were 10 pL, 0.5 pL, 0.3 pL and 10 pL, respectively.
  • the obtained sequence 23 is 70 copies
  • the sequence 24 is 10 copies
  • the sequence 25 is 9 copies.
  • the mixed solution contains 10% ⁇ -D-glucose solution, 1U / mL glucose oxidase (GOx) solution, and 1U / mL spicy.
  • the root peroxidase solution was 70 mL, 10 mL, 9 mL each.
  • the numerical ranges listed in the present invention include data at both ends of the numerical range, as well as each specific value in the numerical range, and the numerical values can be combined with the endpoints to form a new small range.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种检测混合体系内各成分含量的方法及装置,该方法包括:设计并合成N种不同的核酸分子;将给定拷贝数的设计好的N种不同的核酸分子分别加入浓度已知M种不同成分中,从而确定每一个拷贝的核酸分子所代表的每一种组分的浓度水平;利用上述浓度已知的M种不同的组分组成混合体系并进行反应;对反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数,以及基于上述检测的拷贝数计算发生反应后的混合体系中存在的各种成分的浓度。

Description

一种检测混合体系内各成分含量的方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种检测混合体系内各成分含量的方法及装置,具体来说,涉及一种基于核酸标记对混合体系内各成分含量进行检测的方法,以及用于进行所述检测的装置。
背景技术
混合液是液体的自然存在形态。这种液体的存在形态使化学反应得以实现。而生命现象本身也是一系列复杂的化学反应。因此,混合液同时也维持了生命体的生长与繁衍。在确认这些反应的过程中,很多时候需要在反应后,从结果推算出各个组分含量,这是一项复杂的工作。
目前,在检测领域中,经常使用荧光来对某种待检测的物质进行追踪和定量,但使用荧光追踪受限于4个荧光色,使用量子点追踪则限于8个颜色配比。对于比8组分更多的体系则无法有效地进行追踪。另外,使用颜色追踪的方式也同时受限于最低检测浓度,当目标成分的含量过低时,有时无法实现通过荧光或量子点的方法来进行追踪。
微流控技术被广泛应用到生物、化学、医学分析等过程中的样品制备、反应、分离、检测等工作中,是飞速发展的前沿技术和研究最为活跃的领域之一。对液体样品的操作在化学、微生物、生物化学、分子生物学、医学分析等领域是非常重要的。液体样品例如细胞培养液、细胞反应液、蛋白质溶液、DNA溶液、RNA溶液、不同的培养基等等各种生物、化学、医学分析等领域中常用的液体样品。
随着微流控技术的不断发展,从开放体系向微通道体系中转移多种液体样品的需求逐渐凸显,并在很大程度上制约了该技术的应用发展。在本领域中常见的开放体系,例如有在96孔板、离心管、烧瓶、样品管等中反应的各种体系,微通道体系是例如微液滴、微通道、管路、微反应器等。
而液滴微流控技术是微流控技术的一个重要的组成部分。液滴微流控技术是将两种互不相容的流体,以最常见的水和油为例,送入微米尺度的 管道中,通过界面张力,使得水相被油相分成一个个大小稳定,尺度在微米级的小液滴,每个小液滴均可以看作独立的反应器,相当于生化反应中一个独立的混合体系。由于这样的微小的混合体系易于构建,并且可以构建大量的微小反应器,因此利用这样的微小液滴可以实现许多常规混合体系无法实现的优点,例如,利用这样的体系可以进行通量高筛选、每个体系的试剂消耗小和背景噪声低的特点,因而具有很好的工业化前景。
但是对于这样的微小混合体系,如果希望对混合体系中的多种复杂的成分进行监控则需要一种准确的方法来进行检测。通常现有技术中采用荧光技术来对于每种成分进行跟踪。
专利文献1提供一种微液滴荧光检测系统,它包括微流控芯片、光路装置、运动控制装置以控制芯片和光路装置运动,使得在芯片中的微液滴荧光扫描检测过程中,芯片与光路装置产生相对运动,而芯片内微液滴与芯片保持相对静止。专利文献1涉及的微液滴荧光检测系统的优点是封闭式检测以避免交叉污染、检测速度快、通量高和灵敏度高。
现有技术文献
专利文献1 CN106442443A公开文本
发明内容
但是众所周知,如果需要采用不同的荧光体系和量子点技术来对不同物质进行追踪,其能够追踪的物质的种类是有限的,在现有的技术范围内,通常只有四种至八种不同的荧光体系,因此对于更为复杂的混合体系,本领域还急需开发出一种更为有效的、能够对更多的物质进行检测的方法和系统,尤其是对于微小体系中的混合物质进行检测的方法和系统。此外,在与生物相关的应用中,如果使用荧光或量子点的生理毒性会对样品中的生物造成影响,因此也希望寻找到一种能够对生物反应,生物培养体系等无毒害的检测体系和方法。
本发明意在提供一种能够简便、快速地对混合体系,例如液滴、孔板体系,固体培养器中的多种成分的含量进行定量,且没有任何毒性的方法和装置。
通常针对2种以上的多成分混合液或混合物,液滴内各成分的含量难 以被分析。本方法和系统可以被用于解决此类应用问题。
具体来说,本发明涉及如下内容:
1.一种检测混合体系内M种成分含量的方法,其包括:
设计并合成N种不同的核酸分子;
将给定拷贝数的设计好的N种不同的核酸分子分别加入浓度已知M种不同成分中,从而确定每一个拷贝的核酸分子所代表的每一种组分的浓度水平;
利用上述浓度已知的M种不同的组分组成混合体系并进行反应;
对反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数,以及
基于上述检测的拷贝数计算发生反应后的混合体系中存在的各种成分的浓度。
2.根据项1所述的方法,其中,
所述核酸分子选自dsDNA分子、RNA分子、ssDNA分子中的任意。
3.根据项1或2所述的方法,其中,
N大于或等于M。
4.根据项1~3中任一项所述的方法,其中,
设计的核酸分子在混合体系的反应过程中保持稳定。
5.根据项1~4中任一项所述的方法,其中,
所述核酸分子的长度为10bp以上且20,000bp以下,优选20bp以上且10000bp以下,进一步优选30bp以上且5000bp以下。
6.根据项2所述的方法,其中,
所述核酸分子是经修饰的核酸分子。
7.根据项1所述的方法,其中,
对反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数是通过ddPCR方法进行检测。
8.根据项6所述的方法,其中,
对反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数是通过检测经修饰的核酸分子上的标记物来进行检测。
9.根据项1所述的方法,其中,
利用上述浓度已知的M种不同的组分组成数个混合体系,
且所述方法还包括:
从数个混合体系中挑选进行了反应的体系,以及
对经挑选的、反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中n种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数。
10.根据项1所述的方法,其中,
在将给定拷贝数的设计好的N种不同的核酸分子分别加入浓度已知M种不同成分中步骤中,核酸分子与已知浓度的成分的比例范围为1拷贝核酸分子/1fmol/mL已知成分~1拷贝核酸分子/1kmol/mL已知成分,优选1拷贝核酸分子/0.01pmol/mL已知成分至1拷贝核酸分子/100mol/mL已知成分,进一步优选1拷贝核酸分子/1pmol/mL已知成分至1拷贝核酸分子/10mol/mL已知成分。
11.一种检测混合体系内M种成分含量的装置,其包括:
核酸分子设计器,其设计并合成N种不同的核酸分子;
核酸分子标定构件,其将给定拷贝数的设计好的N种不同的核酸分子分别加入浓度已知M种不同成分中,从而确定每一个拷贝的核酸分子所代表的每一种组分的浓度水平;
反应构件,在该反应构件中,利用上述浓度已知的M种不同的组分组成混合体系并进行反应;
检测构件,其对反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数,以及,
计算构件,其基于上述检测的拷贝数计算发生反应后的混合体系中存在的各种成分的浓度。
12.根据项11所述的装置,其中,
所述核酸分子选自dsDNA分子、RNA分子、ssDNA分子中的任意。
13.根据项11或12所述的装置,其中,
N大于或等于M。
14.根据项11~13中任一项所述的装置,其中,
设计的核酸分子在混合体系的反应过程中保持稳定。
15.根据项11~14中任一项所述的装置,其中,
所述核酸分子的长度为10bp以上且20,000bp以下,优选20bp以上且 10000bp以下,进一步优选30bp以上且5000bp以下。
16.根据项12所述的装置,其中,
所述核酸分子是经修饰的核酸分子。
17.根据项11所述的装置,其中,
在检测构件中,对反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数是通过ddPCR方法进行检测。
18.根据项16所述的装置,其中,
在计算构件中,对反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数是通过检测经修饰的核酸分子上的标记物来进行检测。
19.根据项11所述的装置,其中:
利用上述浓度已知的M种不同的组分组成数个混合体系,
且该数个混合体系均在反应构件中进行反应,
该装置还包括:
挑选构件,其实现从数个混合体系中挑选进行了反应的体系,以及
并且在检测构件和计算构件中,对经挑选的、反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数。
20.根据项11所述的装置,其中,
在将给定拷贝数的设计好的N种不同的核酸分子分别加入浓度已知M种不同成分中步骤中,核酸分子与已知浓度的成分的比例范围为1拷贝核酸分子/1fmol/mL已知成分~1拷贝核酸分子/1kmol/mL已知成分,优选1拷贝核酸分子/0.01pmol/mL已知成分至1拷贝核酸分子/100mol/mL已知成分,进一步优选1拷贝核酸分子/1pmol/mL已知成分至1拷贝核酸分子/10mol/mL已知成分。
发明效果
利用本发明的检测方法和装置,可以实现对M种不同的成分进行定量监控。本领域技术人员完全可以理解,M可以是任意数值,即利用本发明的方法和装置,可以实现对于超过4种组分,甚至于超过8种以上的组分 进行有效的监控,只要可以设计了N种有效的核酸分子,既可以实现这样的监控。
此外,由于可以实现对于1个拷贝的核酸分子的定量检测,因此利用本法发明的方法和装置,可以实现对于非常低浓度的已知成分进行检测。
此外,如上所述,本发明的方法和装置没有利用可能对于生物体系或生物反应有毒性的荧光或量子点,因此可以提供一种对于生物反应或生物培养体系等没有任何毒害作用的方法和装置。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及检测混合体系内M种成分含量的方法,其包括:设计并合成N种不同的核酸分子;将给定拷贝数的设计好的N种不同的核酸分子分别加入浓度已知M种不同成分中,从而确定每一个拷贝的核酸分子所代表的每一种组分的浓度水平;利用上述浓度已知的M种不同的组分组成混合体系并进行反应;对反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数,以及基于上述检测的拷贝数计算发生反应后的混合体系中存在的各种成分的浓度。
在本发明的一个具体的实施方式中,核酸分子是指由多个核苷酸聚合成的生物大分子化合物。根据化学组成不同,核酸可分为核糖核酸(简称RNA)和脱氧核糖核酸(简称DNA)。在本发明的另一个具体的实施方式中,核酸可以是任意的、已知的核酸分子,例如可以包括单链DNA分子(ssDNA)、双链DNA分子(dsDNA)、RNA分子等各类核酸分子。
首先,在设计并合成N种不同的核酸分子的过程中,本领域技术人员可以根据需要追踪的物质或组分的特性进行设计,设计的该核酸分子可以为dsDNA分子,或者该核酸分子可以为RNA分子,或者该核酸分子可以为ssDNA分子,并且可以理解,该N种不同的核酸分子可以为N个dsDNA分子,或者可以为N个RNA分子,或者N个ssDNA分子,同样该N种不同的核酸分子可以为N1个dsDNA分子、N2个RNA分子,或者N3个ssDNA分子,N1+N2+N3=N,其中N1,N2或N3不同时为零。
在设计了N种不同的核酸分子之后,将给定拷贝数的设计好的N种不同的核酸分子分别加入浓度已知M种不同成分中,从而确定每一个拷贝的核酸分子所代表的每一种组分的浓度水平。
在本发明的一个具体的实施方式中,可以将如上设计的N种不同核酸分子分别均匀地混入M种不同成分中,例如可以是M种溶液中,其中,N大于或等于M。
在N=M时,即表示根据设计的需要,将一种核酸分子与一种组分进行混合,在N大于M时,表示针对一种成分或物质,设计了2个或以上的核酸分子来追踪该成分,即将2个或以上的核酸分子与一种组分进行混合。
在一个具体的实施方式中,例如,向溶液A中加入已知的核酸a,向溶液B中加入核酸b,溶液C中加入核酸c,并扩展至M种不同的溶液。
在另一个具体的实施方式中,向溶液A中加入已知的核酸a1和核酸a2,向溶液B中加入核酸b,溶液C中加入核酸c1和c2,并扩展至M种不同的溶液。
在本发明中,对于设计的N种不同的核酸分子没有具体的要求,只要其可以用于对M种成分进行追踪即可,优选设计的核酸分子在混合体系的反应过程中保持稳定。
在本发明中,保持稳定是指在混合体系的整个反应过程中,该核酸分子保持完整且不会被混合体系中的任一种成分降解,也不会被混合体系反应所生成的产物降解,在整个检测的过程中始终可以被后续介绍的方法追踪。
本领域技术人员可以基于所需要追踪的M种成分来设计核酸分子的具体序列,以及其长度,例如所述核酸分子的长度可以为10bp以上,例如可以为20bp,30bp,40bp,50bp,60bp,70bp,80bp,90bp,100bp,200bp,300bp,400bp,500bp,且可以在20,000bp以下,19,000bp以下,在18,000bp一下,在17,000bp以下,在16,000bp以下,在15,000bp以下,在14,000bp以下,在13,000bp以下,在12,000bp以下,在11,000bp以下,在10,000b以下,在9,000bp以下,在8,000bp以下,在7,000bp以下,在6,000bp以下,在5,000bp以下。
N种核酸分子的长度可以相同,也可以不同,例如,核酸分子a的长度可以为55bp,核酸分子b的长度可以为60bp,核酸分子c的长度可以为150bp,核酸分子d的长度可以为113bp等等。
在本发明中,核酸分子任选为被修饰的核酸分子,例如可以是经纳米颗粒交联的核酸分子,也可以是带有常用的修饰标记物,如经蛋白质、肽 修饰的核酸分子。
设计N种不同的核酸分子,并且如上所述,将给定拷贝数的N种不同的核酸分子加入浓度已知M种不同成分中,这样可以确定每一个拷贝的核酸分子所代表的每一种组分的浓度水平。
例如,核酸分子与已知浓度的成分的比例范围为1拷贝核酸分子/1fmol/mL已知成分~1拷贝核酸分子/1kmol/mL已知成分,优选1拷贝核酸分子/0.01pmol/mL已知成分至1拷贝核酸分子/100mol/mL已知成分,进一步优选1拷贝核酸分子/1pmol/mL已知成分至1拷贝核酸分子/10mol/mL已知成分。例如1拷贝核酸分子表征1fmol/mL的已知成分A、1拷贝核酸分子表征1kmol/mL的已知成分A、1拷贝核酸分子表征0.01pmol/mL已知成分A、1拷贝核酸分子表征100mol/mL已知成分A、1拷贝核酸分子表征1pmol/mL已知成分A、1拷贝核酸分子表征10mol/mL已知成分A。
上述含量均是列举的,本领域技术人员完全可以根据需要设计1拷贝核酸分子所需要表征的已知成分的量。每1拷贝核酸分子可以表征上述范围中的任意浓度的已知成分,只要是可以在后续的方法中可以计算即可。
通过这样的方法,利用不同拷贝数的核酸分子表征不同浓度的已知成分,这样的表征方法只要可以检测1个拷贝的核酸分子,即可以对该已知成分进行定量,因此对于需要检测的已知成分浓度的下限没有具体的限定。
具体来说,在溶液(混合液的组成成分)中加入已知浓度的已知序列的核酸。例如,向1mL的物质A中混入不与物质A反应的100拷贝的核酸AA,此时,测得1拷贝的核酸AA表示混合液中含有0.01mL的物质A。依次类推,本领域技术人员可以向M种不同的组分或组分形成的溶液中加入给定拷贝数的核酸分子,并确定每一个拷贝数的核酸分子所表示的组分浓度。
然后,将加入了N种给定拷贝数的核酸分子之后的这M种溶液随机混合,以用于后续的反应。
M种溶液混合后,反应随即开始,并在反应结束后,取出效果优良的反应体系,并检测所含的各个核酸浓度。
当然,上述反应可以是化学反应、生物反应,可以是培养体系,可以是酶催化反应,可以是化学合成等等各种混合体系中可能发生的反应。
在一个具体的实施方式中,将如上所述形成的混合体系,放置在任意的混合液生成装置中生成混合液。然后,向该混合液中包入微生物。对液 滴进行培养,培养后,将微生物能够生长的液滴选出。
在一个具体的实施方式中,将如上所述形成的混合体系,放置在96孔板中,并且加入酶溶液开始引发酶催化反应,并在酶催化反应结束之后,挑选出进行了酶催化反应的孔,并进一步进行后续的检测。
在本发明的方法中,利用上述浓度已知的M种不同的组分组成数个混合体系,且所述方法还包括:从数个混合体系中挑选进行了反应的体系,以及对经挑选的、反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中n种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数。本发明的方法可用于优化培养基,化学反应等多组分反应。这样的多组分反应体系,可以列举例如,工业上多酶体系的酶量优化,以及微生物的培养,诱导条件优化,不可培养微生物的培养等。
在一个具体的实施方式中,本发明用于微流控领域中的大量的用于生物培养的液滴体系,即每一个混合体系均为一个液滴。可以在微流控芯片中生成包括多个液滴的液滴库。对于库的生成方法,没有具体的限定,可以使用例如液滴微流控,分液机器人等技术,在流体中生成液滴,如在油中或空气中生成液滴。一个液滴即为一个反应体系,被用以反应。
当然,本领域技术人员完全可以理解,上述由多个混合体系形成的库并不局限于流体的形式,也可采用固化剂,如凝胶等,将液滴固化,形成固体反应器。
本方法中涉及的混合体系,并不局限于液滴,也可使用多个孔板,或试管,摇瓶,培养皿,培养琼脂平板等。
在本发明的方法中,在对上述不同已知浓度的M种组分进行混合时,可以通过任何本领域技术人员已知的方法,例如可以通过简单的混合,将M种成分添加的到反应器,例如培养瓶、培养皿中。
也可以通过自动控制进样每种例如液体成分的泵的流量来实现混合体系中各成分的浓度控制。例如可以使用电子控制(一般以波,例如正弦波的形式,但不局限于波)的方式来控制泵的操作,为各成分设定一个周期,然后,以缓冲液或水补充至一定容量。具体如A成分周期为1秒,B成分周期为5秒,C成分周期为7.5秒,D成分周期为13秒,E成分为50秒,F成分为1000秒。然后,从注入缓冲液或水,补充至一定容量。当然不局限于使用电子控制的方法,也可以手动控制等方法实现。
在本发明的方法中,对反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数。检测方法可以为ST-PCR,ddPCR等检测核酸浓度的方法,但并不局限于这些方法。
对于不经修饰的核酸,可以通过直接测序的方法将序列测出,例如ST-PCR,ddPCR等方法;对于携带纳米磁性颗粒的核酸,可以通过测量磁信号的方法将测量,例如通过测量纳米颗粒的磁信号强度判断那么颗粒的数量;对于其他纳米颗粒,如金纳米颗粒等则可测量其发光性质,吸光度等物理性质完成鉴定;对于蛋白质或肽类的修饰,则可以透过使用特定的吸光度等物理手法来检测用于修饰的蛋白质或肽类的浓度,从而可以来定量其修饰的核酸分子的含量。
在本发明一个具体的实施反式中,采用了9种长度不同的核酸分子,例如DNA分子对9种不同的组分进行定量追踪。
在本发明一个具体的实施方式中,设计了9种长度不同的DNA分子来用于追踪已知成分,这9种不同的DNA分子的长度分别为129bp、127bp、90bp、95bp、80bp、93bp、88bp、75bp以及92bp。
在本发明一个具体的实施反式中,采用了9种长度相同的核酸分子,例如RNA分子对9种不同的组分进行定量追踪。
在本发明一个具体的实施方式中,设计了9种长度相同的RNA分子来用于追踪已知成分,9个RNA分子的长度均为60bp。
在本发明一个具体的实施反式中,采用了4种长度不同的核酸分子,例如DNA分子对4种不同的组分进行定量追踪。
在本发明一个具体的实施方式中,设计了4种长度不同的DNA分子来用于追踪已知成分,这4种不同的DNA分子的长度分别为67bp、65bp、66bp以及82bp。
在本发明一个具体的实施反式中,采用了3种长度不同的核酸分子,例如DNA分子对3种不同的组分进行定量追踪。
在本发明一个具体的实施方式中,设计了3种长度不同的DNA分子来用于追踪已知成分,这3种不同的DNA分子的长度分别为58bp、68bp以及61bp。
在本发明一个具体的实施反式中,采用了ddPCR来检测N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数。
在本发明一个具体的实施反式中,所述核酸分子是经磁性纳米颗粒修饰的核酸分子,并通过磁传感器来监控该经修饰的核酸分子。
实施例
以下基于实施例对本发明进行详细的描述,但是本发明的范围不受这些实施例的限制。
实施例1
首先,设计并合成以下9条基因序列。
序列1(Seq ID No.1):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000001
序列2(Seq ID No.2):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000002
序列3(Seq ID No.3):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000003
序列4(Seq ID No.4):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000004
序列5(Seq ID No.5):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000005
序列6(Seq ID No.6):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000006
序列7(Seq ID No.7):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000008
序列8(Seq ID No.8):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000009
序列9(Seq ID No.9):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000010
然后,分别准备2.0g/L缺氨基酸酵母氮源溶液,10%叶酸溶液,10%维生素B溶液,10%葡萄糖溶液,1%硫化铵溶液,0.8g/L缺尿嘧啶,缺色氨酸,缺赖氨酸混合氨基酸,1g/L尿嘧啶,1g/L色氨酸,1g/L赖氨酸和水,放于高压灭菌锅中,在121℃,高压灭菌20分钟。然后,将上述序列1混入到10%缺氨基酸酵母氮源溶液中,序列2混入到10%叶酸溶液中,序列3混入到10%维生素B溶液中,序列4混入到10%葡萄糖溶液中,序列5混入到1%硫化铵溶液中,序列6混入0.8g/L缺尿嘧啶,缺色氨酸,缺赖氨酸混合氨基酸,序列7混入1g/L尿嘧啶,序列8混入1g/L色氨酸,序列9混入1g/L赖氨酸。此时,控制上述9种核酸的浓度为1000拷贝/纳升。
将上述9种溶液每种分别装入1mL的注射器中,将注射器安装到精密进样泵上。将预先培养的10 6株/毫升的产纤维素酶大肠杆菌菌液(Cloning and characterization of two thermostable xylanases from an alkaliphilic Bacillus firmus,Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication 319(2004)1017-1025)和β-D-纤维二糖苷-6,8-二氟-7-伞花内酯-4-甲烷磺酸盐荧光底物(按照New Glycosidase Substrates for Droplet-Based Microfluidic Screening,Analytical Chemistry,2013,85,9807-9814合成,加入浓度为0.25mM)装入1mL注射器中,并安装到精密进样泵(Harvard Apparatus,Pump 11 Elite)上,以0.5pL/秒的速度进样到液滴微流控芯片中。其他样品则以振幅为0.5pL,频率各异的方式操控紧密进样泵进样(振幅为正弦波的峰值,即最多0.5pL,频率表示每秒具有的正弦波循环的个数)。具体来说,2.0g/L缺氨基酸酵母氮源溶液正弦波震动频率为0.1s,10%叶酸溶液的正弦波振动频率为7.0s,10%维生素B溶液正弦波震动频率为10s,10%葡萄糖溶液正弦波震动频率为40s,1%硫化铵溶液正弦波震动频率为85s,0.8g/L缺尿嘧啶,缺色氨酸,缺赖氨酸混合氨基酸溶液正弦波震动频率为130s,1g/L尿嘧啶溶液正弦波 震动频率为350s,1g/L色氨酸溶液正弦波震动频率为400s,1g/L赖氨酸溶液正弦波震动频率为500s。然后,加水补至8.0pL。将这9种液体通过液滴微流控系统混合,并生成大小均一的液滴。
此时,所生成的液滴中所含的溶液配比各异。从微流控系统中提取上述产纤维素酶大肠杆菌生长的液滴,具体来说,由于菌在该液滴中生长并生产纤维素酶,因此荧光底物将会被降解成纤维二糖苷和带有蓝色荧光的6,8-二氟-7-伞花内酯-4-甲烷磺酸盐。使用流式细胞仪将含荧光液滴选出从而挑选出菌生长的液滴。
然后,使用ddPCR(Bio-Rad,QX200 Droplet Digital PCR System)测量该液滴中的各序列的含量,用以推断各个溶液的配比。检测结果为在该液滴中检测到1个拷贝的序列1、1个拷贝的序列4、以及1个拷贝的序列5、1个拷贝的序列6、1个拷贝的序列7、以及1个拷贝的序列8。
根据上述检测结果可以计算出在该提取的液滴中所含溶液的各成分的含量为1pL 2.0g/L缺氨基酸酵母氮源溶液,1pL10%葡萄糖溶液,1pL1%硫化铵溶液,1pL 0.8g/L缺尿嘧啶,缺色氨酸,缺赖氨酸混合氨基酸,1pL 1.0g/L尿嘧啶溶液,1pL 1.0g/L色氨酸和2pL水。
实施例2
首先,设计并合成以下9条基因序列。
序列10(Seq ID No.10):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000011
序列11(Seq ID No.11):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000012
序列12(Seq ID No.12):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000013
序列13(Seq ID No.13):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000014
序列14(Seq ID No.14):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000015
序列15(Seq ID No.15):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000016
序列16(Seq ID No.16):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000017
序列17(Seq ID No.17):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000018
序列18(Seq ID No.18):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000019
然后,在每个序列的U碱基上进行修饰,即,将市场上贩卖的磁性纳米颗粒(购自Particle Works公司)结合到U碱基上。分别准备0.5%酵母提取物,0.01%碳酸氢钠溶液,0.6%维生素B溶液,0.7%葡萄糖溶液,0.1%硫化铵溶液,0.2%氯化钠溶液,0.5%柠檬酸铁溶液,0.7%蛋白胨溶液,0.2%氯化钙溶液,2.0%海藻酸钠溶液。放入高压灭菌锅中,121℃灭菌,15分钟。将上述序列10混入0.5%酵母提取物,序列11混入0.01%碳酸氢钠溶液,序列12混入0.6%维生素B溶液,序列13混入0.7%葡萄糖溶液,序列14混入0.1%硫化铵溶液,序列15混入0.2%氯化钠溶液,序列16混入0.5%柠檬酸铁溶液,序列17混入0.7%蛋白胨溶液,序列18混入0.2%氯化钙溶液。此时,控制上述9种核酸的浓度为2000拷贝/纳升。
将上述9种溶液每种分别装入1mL的注射器中,将注射器安装到精密进样泵上。将10 6株/毫升的海水中取得的微生物样品装入1mL注射器中,并安装到精密进样泵(Harvard Apparatus,Pump 11 Elite)上,以0.5pL/秒的速度进样到液滴微流控芯片中。将2.0%低融点琼脂糖溶液装入1mL注射器中,并安装到精密进样泵(Harvard Apparatus,Pump 11 Elite)上,在37℃条件下,以0.5pL/秒的速度进样到液滴微流控芯片中。其他样品则以振幅为 0.5pL,频率各异的方式操控紧密进样泵进样(振幅为正弦波的峰值,即最多0.5pL,频率表示每秒具有的正弦波循环的个数)。具体来说,0.5%酵母提取物溶液正弦波震动频率为0.01s,0.01%碳酸氢钠溶液的正弦波振动频率为0.3s,0.6%维生素B溶液正弦波震动频率为7s,0.7%葡萄糖溶液正弦波震动频率为20s,0.1%硫化铵溶液正弦波震动频率为72s,0.2%氯化钠溶液正弦波震动频率为140s,0.5%柠檬酸铁溶液正弦波震动频率为310s,0.7%蛋白胨溶液正弦波震动频率为420s,0.2%氯化钙溶液正弦波震动频率为500s。将这9种液体通过液滴微流控系统混合,并生成大小均一的液滴。生成液滴后,在油中加入1.0mM氯化钙,使液滴固化。
此时,所生成的液滴中所含的溶液配比与容量各异。此时,菌株生长的微球的光散射度将会改变。使用光学镊子将这类微球选出从而挑选出菌生长的液滴。然后,加入EDTA和水,将固体微球稀释1000000倍并液化,然后使用磁传感器,感知该磁分布与大小。如,感应得知含5个磁珠的群信号2个,7个磁珠的群信号4个,7个磁珠的群信号2个,1个磁珠的群信号1个,经过计算可以确认微球内含有:0.5%酵母提取物1pL,0.7%葡萄糖溶液2pL,0.2%氯化钠溶液1pL,0.5%柠檬酸铁溶液0.5pL。
实施例3
首先,设计并合成以下9条基因序列。
序列1(Seq ID No.1):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000020
序列2(Seq ID No.2):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000021
序列3(Seq ID No.3):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000022
序列4(Seq ID No.4):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000023
序列5(Seq ID No.5):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000024
序列6(Seq ID No.6):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000025
序列7(Seq ID No.7):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000026
序列8(Seq ID No.8):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000027
序列9(Seq ID No.9):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000028
然后,分别准备2.0g/L缺氨基酸酵母氮源溶液,10%叶酸溶液,10%维生素B溶液,10%葡萄糖溶液,1%硫化铵溶液,0.8g/L缺尿嘧啶,缺色氨酸,缺赖氨酸混合氨基酸,1g/L尿嘧啶,1g/L色氨酸,1g/L赖氨酸,放于高压灭菌锅中,在121℃,高压灭菌20分钟。然后,将上述序列1混入到10%缺氨基酸酵母氮源溶液中,序列2混入到10%叶酸溶液中,序列3混入到10%维生素B溶液中,序列4混入到10%葡萄糖溶液中,序列5混入到1%硫化铵溶液中,序列6混入0.8g/L缺尿嘧啶,缺色氨酸,缺赖氨酸混合氨基酸,序列7混入1g/L尿嘧啶,序列8混入1g/L色氨酸,序列9混入1g/L赖氨酸。此时,控制上述9种核酸的浓度为1000拷贝/纳升。
将上述9种溶液和预先培养的10 6株/毫升的产纤维素酶大肠杆菌菌液(Cloning and characterization of two thermostable xylanases from an alkaliphilic Bacillus firmus,Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication 319(2004)1017-1025)及β-D-纤维二糖苷-6,8-二氟-7-伞花内酯-4-甲烷磺酸盐荧 光底物(按照New Glycosidase Substrates for Droplet-Based Microfluidic Screening,Analytical Chemistry,2013,85,9807-9814合成,加入的浓度为0.25mM)装入分液机器人中。使用分液机器人随机在孔板中生成混合液。
此时,所生成的液滴中所含的溶液配比各异。在带有荧光检测装置的培养箱中检测荧光变化,并提取上述产纤维素酶大肠杆菌生长的液体,具体来说,由于菌在该液滴中生长并生产纤维素酶,因此荧光底物将会被降解成纤维二糖苷和带有蓝色荧光的6,8-二氟-7-伞花内酯-4-甲烷磺酸盐。使用流式细胞仪将含荧光液滴选出从而挑选出菌生长的液滴。
然后,使用ddPCR(Bio-Rad,QX200 Droplet Digital PCR System)测量该混合液中的各序列的含量,用以推断各个溶液的配比。检测结果为在该也混合滴中检测到3个拷贝的序列1、5个拷贝的序列4、2个拷贝的序列5、1个拷贝的序列6、6个拷贝的序列7、以及2个拷贝的序列8。
根据上述检测结果可以计算出在该提取的混合滴中所含溶液的各成分的含量为3pL 2.0g/L缺氨基酸酵母氮源溶液,5pL10%葡萄糖溶液,2pL1%硫化铵溶液,1pL 0.8g/L缺尿嘧啶,缺色氨酸,缺赖氨酸混合氨基酸,6pL1.0g/L尿嘧啶溶液,2pL 1.0g/L色氨酸。
实施例4
首先,设计并合成以下4条基因序列。
序列19(Seq ID No.19):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000029
序列20(Seq ID No.20):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000030
序列21(Seq ID No.21):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000031
序列22(Seq ID No.22):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000032
然后,准备10%β-D-葡萄糖溶液,1U/mL葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)溶液,1U/mL辣根过氧化物酶溶液和Amplex UltraRed荧光底物溶液(Invitrogen公司,制备方法与说明书相同)。将10%β-D-葡萄糖置于高压灭菌锅中在115℃条件下,高压灭菌20分钟。将序列19加入10%β-D-葡萄糖溶液,序列20加入1U/mL葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)溶液,序列21加入1U/mL辣根过氧化物酶溶液,序列22加入1U/mL Amplex Red中。核酸的浓度为10000拷贝/纳升。
使用分液机器人,随机将10%β-D-葡萄糖,1U/mL葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx),1U/mL辣根过氧化物酶和Amplex UltraRed荧光底物溶液分配到微孔板(使用激光于玻璃上刻蚀,100,000孔)中。置于经改造后带荧光检测装置的恒温培养箱中,与30℃条件下反应48小时,每10分钟检测一次。48小时后,将目标混合液(即背景值低,最终荧光高的混合液)选出。使用ddPCR(Bio-Rad,QX200 Droplet Digital PCR System)测量该混合液中的各序列的含量,用以推断各个溶液的配比。如,检测所得序列19为100拷贝,序列20为5拷贝,序列21为3拷贝,序列22为100拷贝时,混合液含有10%β-D-葡萄糖溶液,1U/mL葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)溶液,1U/mL辣根过氧化物酶溶液和Amplex UltraRed荧光底物溶液各为10pL,0.5pL,0.3pL和10pL。
实施例5
首先,设计并合成以下4条基因序列:
序列23(Seq ID No.23):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000033
序列24(Seq ID No.24):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000034
序列25(Seq ID No.25):
Figure PCTCN2018114806-appb-000035
然后,准备10%β-D-葡萄糖溶液,1U/mL葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)溶液,1U/mL辣根过氧化物酶溶液和Amplex UltraRed荧光底物溶液(Invitrogen公司,制备方法与说明书相同)。将10%β-D-葡萄糖置于高压灭菌锅中在115℃条件下,高压灭菌20分钟。将序列23加入10%β-D-葡萄糖溶液,序列24加入1U/mL葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)溶液,序列25加入1U/mL辣根过氧化物酶溶液。核酸的浓度为1拷贝/毫升。
使用分液机器人,随机将10%β-D-葡萄糖,1U/mL葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx),和1U/mL辣根过氧化物酶以5mL为单位,加入500mL摇瓶中。与摇床中反应40小时候加入Amplex Red溶液,至于摇床中继续反应1小时后,检测荧光强度。将目标混合液(最终荧光高的混合液)选出。使用ddPCR(Bio-Rad,QX200 Droplet Digital PCR System)测量该混合液中的各序列的含量,用以推断各个溶液的配比。如,检测所得序列23为70拷贝,序列24为10拷贝,序列25为9拷贝,混合液中含有10%β-D-葡萄糖溶液,1U/mL葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)溶液,1U/mL辣根过氧化物酶溶液各为70mL,10mL,9mL。
本申请接受各种修改和可替换的形式,具体的实施方式已经在附图中借助于实施例来显示并且已经在本申请详细描述。但是,本申请不意在受限于公开的特定形式。相反,本申请意在包括本申请范围内的所有修改形式、等价物、和可替换物,本申请的范围由所附权利要求及其法律等效物限定。
在本发明中列举的数值范围均包括该数值范围的两个端点的数据,也包括该数值范围中具体的每一个数值,并且该数值可以与端点任意组合组成新的小范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种检测混合体系内M种成分含量的方法,其包括:
    设计并合成N种不同的核酸分子;
    将给定拷贝数的设计好的N种不同的核酸分子分别加入浓度已知M种不同成分中,从而确定每一个拷贝的核酸分子所代表的每一种组分的浓度水平;
    利用上述浓度已知的M种不同的组分组成混合体系并进行反应;
    对反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数,以及
    基于上述检测的拷贝数计算发生反应后的混合体系中存在的各种成分的浓度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,
    所述核酸分子选自dsDNA分子、RNA分子、ssDNA分子中的任意。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,
    N大于或等于M。
  4. 根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的方法,其中,
    设计的核酸分子在混合体系的反应过程中保持稳定。
  5. 根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的方法,其中,
    所述核酸分子的长度为10bp以上且20,000bp以下,优选20bp以上且10000bp以下,进一步优选80bp以上且5000bp以下。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,
    所述核酸分子是经修饰的核酸分子。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,
    对反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数是通过ddPCR方法进行检测。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,
    对反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数是通过检测经修饰的核酸分子上的标记物来进行检测。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,
    利用上述浓度已知的M种不同的组分组成数个混合体系,
    且所述方法还包括:
    从数个混合体系中挑选进行了反应的体系,以及
    对经挑选的、反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中n种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,
    在将给定拷贝数的设计好的N种不同的核酸分子分别加入浓度已知M种不同成分中步骤中,核酸分子与已知浓度的成分的比例范围为1拷贝核酸分子/1fmol/mL已知成分~1拷贝核酸分子/1kmol/mL已知成分,优选1拷贝核酸分子/0.01pmol/mL已知成分至1拷贝核酸分子/100mol/mL已知成分,进一步优选1拷贝核酸分子/1pmol/mL已知成分至1拷贝核酸分子/10mol/mL已知成分。
  11. 一种检测混合体系内M种成分含量的装置,其包括:
    核酸分子设计器,其设计并合成N种不同的核酸分子;
    核酸分子标定构件,其将给定拷贝数的设计好的N种不同的核酸分子分别加入浓度已知M种不同成分中,从而确定每一个拷贝的核酸分子所代表的每一种组分的浓度水平;
    反应构件,在该反应构件中,利用上述浓度已知的M种不同的组分组成混合体系并进行反应;
    检测构件,其对反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数,以及,
    计算构件,其基于上述检测的拷贝数计算发生反应后的混合体系中存在的各种成分的浓度。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的装置,其中,
    所述核酸分子选自dsDNA分子、RNA分子、ssDNA分子中的任意。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的装置,其中,
    N大于或等于M。
  14. 根据权利要求11~13中任一项所述的装置,其中,
    设计的核酸分子在混合体系的反应过程中保持稳定。
  15. 根据权利要求11~14中任一项所述的装置,其中,
    所述核酸分子的长度为10bp以上且20,000bp以下,优选20bp以上且10000bp以下,进一步优选80bp以上且5000bp以下。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的装置,其中,
    所述核酸分子是经修饰的核酸分子。
  17. 根据权利要求11所述的装置,其中,
    在检测构件中,对反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数是通过ddPCR方法进行检测。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的装置,其中,
    在计算构件中,对反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数是通过检测经修饰的核酸分子上的标记物来进行检测。
  19. 根据权利要求11所述的装置,其中:
    利用上述浓度已知的M种不同的组分组成数个混合体系,
    且该数个混合体系均在反应构件中进行反应,
    该装置还包括:
    挑选构件,其实现从数个混合体系中挑选进行了反应的体系,以及
    并且在检测构件和计算构件中,对经挑选的、反应结束后的混合体系中存在的核酸分子进行检测以确定该混合体系中N种不同的核酸分子的拷贝数。
  20. 根据权利要求11所述的装置,其中,
    在将给定拷贝数的设计好的N种不同的核酸分子分别加入浓度已知M种不同成分中步骤中,核酸分子与已知浓度的成分的比例范围为1拷贝核酸分子/1fmol/mL已知成分~1拷贝核酸分子/1kmol/mL已知成分,优选1拷贝核酸分子/0.01pmol/mL已知成分至1拷贝核酸分子/100mol/mL已知成分,进一步优选1拷贝核酸分子/1pmol/mL已知成分至1拷贝核酸分子/10mol/mL已知成分。
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