WO2020053372A1 - Huile de microorganismes riches en acide docosahexaénoïque - Google Patents
Huile de microorganismes riches en acide docosahexaénoïque Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020053372A1 WO2020053372A1 PCT/EP2019/074458 EP2019074458W WO2020053372A1 WO 2020053372 A1 WO2020053372 A1 WO 2020053372A1 EP 2019074458 W EP2019074458 W EP 2019074458W WO 2020053372 A1 WO2020053372 A1 WO 2020053372A1
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- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006174 pH buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940066779 peptones Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N phosphatidylcholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007065 protein hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000956 solid--liquid extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012884 soy based sauces Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013555 soy sauce Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000010692 trans-unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019195 vitamin supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013618 yogurt Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6436—Fatty acid esters
- C12P7/6445—Glycerides
- C12P7/6472—Glycerides containing polyunsaturated fatty acid [PUFA] residues, i.e. having two or more double bonds in their backbone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/115—Fatty acids or derivatives thereof; Fats or oils
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
- C11C1/002—Sources of fatty acids, e.g. natural glycerides, characterised by the nature, the quantities or the distribution of said acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/10—Protozoa; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/105—Protozoal isolates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2250/00—Food ingredients
- A23V2250/18—Lipids
- A23V2250/186—Fatty acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2250/00—Food ingredients
- A23V2250/18—Lipids
- A23V2250/186—Fatty acids
- A23V2250/1868—Docosahexaenoic acid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2250/00—Food ingredients
- A23V2250/18—Lipids
- A23V2250/194—Triglycerides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/90—Protozoa ; Processes using protozoa
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oil of microorganisms rich in docosahexenoic acid (DHA, C22: 6n3), comprising more than 60% of DHA relative to the total mass of fat and at least 80% of triglycerides relative to the total mass of fat.
- DHA docosahexenoic acid
- Oils containing DHA come from several sources, the best known of which are fish, krill and microorganisms such as microalgae. Many strains of PUFA-producing microorganisms are known, in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) also identified by the signs w3 and w6. These PUFAs are widely used in industry, in particular for human or animal food or in cosmetics, and their industrial production has been subject to constant improvement for many years (WO 1997/037032, WO 2001/054510, WO 2013/136028 , WO 2015/004402, US 2017/016036, US 2017/335356).
- DHA docosahexaenoic acid
- ARA arachidonic acid
- EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
- strains suitable for industrial production are their high biomass productivity, a large accumulation of triglycerides (TG) and a high PUFA content in fat.
- TG triglycerides
- Many industrial strains are known today which meet these first three criteria, with a PUFA content in fat of the order of 35%, or even 50% in the best of cases.
- oils with high PUFA contents either for the supply of concentrated products, such as concentrated oil capsules which make it possible to reduce the catches for an equivalent quantity of PUFA.
- the oils can be enriched by the addition of PUFA (US 2014/323569) and / or the oils are concentrated by a process which transforms the triglycerides to ethyl esters involving the use of solvents such as ethanol.
- Ethyl esters are an artificial chemical form, they are not present in nature.
- the level of glycidol (and glycidol esters) is subject to regulation (EU) 2018/290 / EC in order to limit its content in food: the concentration must not exceed 1000 pg / kg in oils edible except for edible oils intended for the preparation of food for babies and infants where the limit is 500 pg / kg.
- the maximum content is even lower: 75 pg / kg in powders and 10 pg / kg in liquids. This content will be further reduced (50 and 6 pg / kg respectively) in 2019.
- the assessment of maximum MCPD concentrations is currently underway for oils and baby foods. For the moment, the regulations only concern hydrolyzed vegetable proteins and soy sauce (limit of 20 pg / kg).
- Another known solution consists in generating genetically modified microorganisms in order to seek to promote the metabolic pathways for the production of PUFA (Hamilton & al., 2016) or murtants supposed to produce more DHA (WO 2017/09804).
- PUFA Hemlton & al., 2016
- murtants supposed to produce more DHA
- the choice of technical solutions is limited by the use made of the oils obtained, especially in human food (Fedorova-Dahms I. & al., 201 1).
- oils that are naturally concentrated in PUFAs which do not require treatments other than extraction methods, that is to say for which the PUFAs are essentially in the form of triglycerides such as produced by microorganisms. More particularly, there is a need for oils with a high PUFA content and a lower content of saturated fatty acids.
- the interest of a low content of saturated fatty acids goes towards a less viscous oil, easier to use at industrial levels, in particular requiring less energy for its handling.
- the invention responds to this request with an oil with a high DHA content, comprising at least 60% DHA relative to the total mass of fat.
- This oil contains no ethylesters, no traces of solvent (ethanol or methanol) and a reduced content of 3- MCPD and glycidol (compared to oils containing more than 60% of DHA currently on the market).
- the present invention relates to a microbial oil which comprises docosahexenoic acid (DHA), characterized in that it comprises at least 80% of triglycerides relative to the total fat mass, more than 60% of DHA relative to the total mass of fat and the content of saturated fatty acids is less than 25% relative to the total mass of fat.
- DHA docosahexenoic acid
- a diluted microbial oil which comprises a microbial oil rich in triglycerides and in DHA according to the invention, mixed with another oil.
- Another subject of the invention is a biomass of microorganisms which comprises an oil rich in triglycerides and DHA according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to the use of an oil rich in triglyceride and in DHA according to the invention optionally diluted or of a biomass which contains this oil for human or animal consumption, in particular for the feeding of newborn babies. , children, or pregnant or breastfeeding women.
- Another object of the invention is a food, characterized which comprises an oil rich in triglycerides and in DHA according to the invention, possibly diluted.
- the oil according to the invention is a microbial oil which comprises more than 60% of DHA relative to the total mass of fat, advantageously at least 62% of DHA, more advantageously at least 65% of DHA, preferably more than 67%, more preferably at least 70%, even more preferably 75% of DHA relative to the total mass of fat.
- the invention also relates to a diluted oil, comprising the oil according to the invention mixed with another oil.
- the invention also relates to a pharmaceutical, cosmetic or food composition which comprises an oil according to the invention, whether it is crude, refined or diluted.
- the invention also relates to the use of an oil according to the invention, crude, refined or diluted, or of a biomass containing the oil, for human or animal food, in particular for feeding newborns. , children, or pregnant or breastfeeding women.
- the oil according to the invention is an oil of microbial origin, obtained from a biomass of cells of microorganisms cultivated under conditions allowing both cell growth (to produce the biomass) and the production of an oil high in DHA.
- the oil according to the invention is a microbial oil which comprises more than 60% of DHA relative to the total mass of fat, advantageously at least 62% of DHA, more advantageously at least 65% of DHA, preferably more than 67%, more preferably at least 70%, even more preferably at least 75% of DHA relative to the total mass of fat.
- the oil according to the invention has a high content of unsaturated fatty acids compared to saturated fatty acids.
- the unsaturated fatty acids in the oil according to the invention are essentially DHA and DPA (docosapentanoic acid, C22: 5n6).
- the ARA (arachidonic acid, C20: 4n6) content is generally less than 0.5%, or even less than 0.3%, advantageously less than 0.1%.
- the content of EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, C20: 5n3) is generally less than 1.5%, advantageously less than 1%, more advantageously less than 0.5%.
- the percentages in ARA and EPA are given relative to the total mass of fat.
- the cumulative DHA and DPA content is at least 70% relative to the total fat mass, advantageously at least 75%, more advantageously at least 80%, or even more than 85 % based on the total mass of fat.
- the total DHA + DPA represents up to 90% of the total fat mass.
- the cumulative DHA and DPA content is at least 80%, preferably at least 85%.
- the DHA / DPA ratio is preferably at least 3, more preferably at least 4, which can range from 4 to 9.
- the DHA / DPA ratio is advantageously from 4 to 7.
- the content of saturated fatty acids is less than 25% relative to the total mass of fat, or even less than 20%, more preferably less than 15%, even more preferably less than 10%.
- Saturated fatty acids are mainly palmitic acid (C16: 0).
- the other saturated fatty acids are present at a content of less than 2%, or even less than 1%, in particular pendadecylic acid (C15: 0) or myristic acid (C14: 0) or even stearic acid (C18: 0).
- the saturated C10 to C22 fatty acids other than palmitic acid are, independently of each other, present in trace amounts, each in a content of less than 0.1%, or even absent (0% taking into account the uncertainties analytical methods), in particular for saturated fatty acids C10, C1 1, C12, C17, C20, C21 and C22. The percentages are given relative to the total mass of fat.
- the palmitic acid content is preferably less than 20% of the total fat mass, more preferably less than 15%, even more preferably less than 10%.
- the content of C10 to C22 saturated fatty acids is preferably less than 15%, more preferably less than 10%.
- One way of measuring the high DHA content of the oil according to the invention and the low content of saturated fatty acids (AGS) is to establish a DHA / AGS ratio.
- the DHA / AGS ratio is at least 4, preferably at least 6, more preferably at least 8, up to approximately 9.
- the ratio (DHA + DPA) / AGS is at least 5, preferably at least 7, more preferably from at least 10, to about 1 1 or more.
- the oils according to the invention are essentially in the form of triglycerides.
- the triglycerides represent at least 80% of the total mass of fat, advantageously at least 90%, more advantageously at least 93% of the total mass of fat.
- the triglyceride content is for example analyzed by thin layer chromatography (Jouet et al., 2003).
- the extraction of oil from biomass can lead to a slight increase in the content of DHA and DPA, favoring the extraction of these PUFAs compared to saturated fatty acids of lower molecular weight.
- this concentration does not substantially modify the intrinsic properties of the oil contained in the biomass, in particular the triglyceride content.
- the oil according to the invention is an oil which has not undergone substantial changes in its fatty acid content by the addition of PUFA, for example in the form of esters, by concentration and / or by eliminating saturated fatty acids like palmitic acid.
- the oil according to a particular embodiment of the invention contains more than 10 mg of native carotenoids per kg of oil, or even more than 30 mg / kg, preferably more than 40 mg / kg, even more preferably more than 60 mg / kg, or even at least 65 mg / kg.
- the carotenoids present are mainly astaxanthin and beta-carotenes.
- the oil contains more than 20 mg / kg of astaxanthin, or even more than 30 mg / kg, more preferably more than 40 mg / kg.
- Canthaxanthin is also present, but in smaller quantities.
- Other carotenoids such as lutein and zeaxanthin may be present but they are at the limit of detection of the method used.
- native carotenoids means that the carotenoids have not been added, they come from the same biomass as the oil and are extracted from this biomass at the same time as the oil. They are produced by the strain under fermentation conditions in heterotrophy, without any particular stimulus. These native carotenoids are therefore present throughout the process, protecting fatty acids, in particular DHA, against oxidation. The refining process can remove pigments, so the refined oil may contain less, if not more, carotenoids.
- the color of the oil is usually evaluated by measuring the Gardner index, according to the method described in the AOCS Ce 13d-97 standard (revised in 2017) with a spectrophotometer.
- the measurement scale includes 18 grades, ranging from transparent (1) to dark red / brown (18).
- Some carotenoids, including astaxanthin and beta-carotenes, show more or less intense coloring depending on their concentration. Their presence is therefore reflected in a higher Gardner index.
- the oil according to a particular embodiment of the invention has a Gardner index greater than 8, or even greater than 10, preferably between 12 and 17.
- the Gardner scale is traditionally used to assess the aging of oils because the oxidation of oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can result in yellowing of the color (for a transparent oil), therefore a Gardner value higher.
- PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids
- the oxidation of oils rich in PUFAs is more precisely measured by the anisidine index and the peroxidation index.
- the oils according to the invention have both low anisidine and peroxide indices, which indicate a poorly oxidized product, and a high Gardner index, due to the presence of carotenoids.
- the oils according to the invention have an anisidine index less than 5, see less than 2, preferably less than 1.5, and a peroxidation index less than 5, see less than or equal to 1, preferably less than or equal to 0.5.
- oils according to the invention have a fairly low melting temperature, which decreases in correlation with the increase in the level of DHA.
- the melting temperature is measured according to standard ISO 6321. Indeed, oils, with more than 600 mg of DHA / g of fatty acids (that is to say more than 62% of DHA) have a melting temperature below 20 ° C, see less than or equal to 5 ° C. They are therefore liquid at room temperature. Oils with more than 700 mg of DHA per g of fatty acids (i.e. approximately more than 73% of DHA) have a melting temperature below -5 ° C.
- a low melting temperature facilitates storage and handling (pumping in particular), since it is possible to keep the oil in liquid form while refrigerating it in order to limit aging. Oils that freeze during storage must be reheated for sampling and for their integration into mixtures. Temperature is an accelerating factor for oxidation.
- the oils according to the invention have a viscosity value at room temperature less than or equal to 50 Pa.s, or even less than 40, preferably less than 30.
- the oils according to the invention are obtained by culturing microorganisms producing oils rich in DHA.
- the strains of microorganisms which make it possible to obtain such oils are industrial strains, that is to say according to the invention, strains whose fat content represents at least 45% of the dry matter, preferably at least about 50 % of the dry matter, and which have a growth capacity at a cell density of at least 50 g / L, preferably at least 70 g / L, more preferably at least 100 g / L.
- microorganisms mainly from traustochytrids, dinophyceae, diatoms, eustigmatophyceae, in particular microorganisms of the genera Crypthecodinium, Schizochytrium, Traustochytrium or Aurantiochytrium for the production of DHA.
- the analysis of the PUFA content in the fat is carried out according to the usual methods of those skilled in the art, in particular described in the following article: Gas Chromatography Quantification of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters: Flame lonization Detection vs. Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry, Dodds et al., Lipids, Vol. 40, no. 4 (2005). More particularly, the strains Aurantiochytrium mangrovei CCAP4062 / 7 and CCAP4062 / 8 and Schizochytrium sp. CCAP4087 / 7 which produce oils comprising more than 60% of DHA compared to the total mass of fat. The invention also relates to these strains capable of producing oils comprising more than 60% of DHA.
- industrial culture is meant according to the invention a culture of the strains in a culture medium suitable for their growth and for the production of PUFA and in a volume suitable for the production of sufficient quantities to address a market.
- Fermenters have volumes that can range from 1000 L to more than 200 m 3 .
- the suitable culture medium is preferably a chemically defined culture medium which comprises a source of carbon, a source of nitrogen, a source of phosphorus and salts.
- chemically defined culture medium is meant a culture medium in which the content of each element is known.
- the medium does not contain rich or complex organic materials.
- rich or complex organic materials is meant unpurified organic materials, in the form of mixtures for which the exact composition and the concentrations of the various components of the mixture are not known with exactitude, not controlled, and can present a significant variability. from one batch to another.
- rich or complex organic material mention may be made of yeast extracts or peptones which are products of a protein hydrolysis reaction or also rich mineral materials such as for example marine mineral salts or other growth agents. complex, having no fixed concentration of each of their components.
- industrial culture methods include a growth step to promote the production of biomass, then an accumulation step to promote the production of fat and PUFA in particular. This is particularly the case for the method described in patent application WO 2001/054510. More recently, methods have been described implementing culture conditions which concomitantly favor the production of biomass and that of PUFAs. Mention will in particular be made of the culture methods described in applications WO 2012/035262, WO 2015/004402 and WO 2015/004403. Of course, those skilled in the art can adapt the culture conditions, in particular the composition of the medium, the conditions for adding nutrients during the culture, temperature cycles, oxygenation and lighting conditions to promote the production of biomass.
- the temperatures of industrial culture are advantageously higher than 17 ° C.
- biomass means a set of cells of microorganisms produced by their culture, in particular by the methods described above, cells which may or may not have retained their physical integrity. It is therefore understood that said biomass can comprise an amount of cells of degraded microorganisms ranging from 0% to 100%.
- degraded is meant that the physical integrity of said cells of microorganisms could have been altered such as for example lysed microorganisms, resulting for example from a process of homogenization or enzymatic lysis.
- this biomass can be raw, just separated from its culture medium, dried or not, degraded or not.
- Biomass depending on whether it is dried or not, wholly or in part, can include a humidity level of 1% to 90%.
- the invention therefore also relates to a biomass of microorganisms comprising an oil as defined above.
- the biomass has a humidity rate of 70% to 90%, preferably 80% to 85%. This is particularly the case when it essentially consists of optimized industrial microorganisms cultivated after filtration of the fermentation must to separate the cultivated microorganisms from the culture medium, before drying.
- the biomass is dried, wholly or in part, and has a humidity rate of 1% to 10%, preferably from 2% to 7%.
- the biomass may be conditioned for its storage or for its use as such, for example as a food supplement or food for human or animal consumption.
- the methods for isolating an oil according to the invention from a biomass produced by the culture of microorganisms are well known to those skilled in the art. Mention will be made in particular of the solid-liquid extraction which is based on the use of a solvent (liquid phase) for extracting the oil contained in the dried biomass (solid phase) by spraying or maceration; the liquid-liquid extraction which is based on the separation of the aqueous phase from the oil after the prior lysis of the cells then decantation or centrifugation. Preferably the extraction is done without organic solvents.
- the applications WO 01/53512, WO 02/10423, WO 2014/122092, WO 2015/092546 and WO 2015/095694 will be mentioned in particular.
- This method consists in carrying out cell lysis at a first temperature, the latter being continued at a second temperature lower than the first, then a mechanical separation of the oil from the lysed biomass (filtration, decantation).
- Cell lysis is done by enzymatic or mechanical lysis (grinding).
- the temperature of the first lysis part is preferably at least 50 ° C. while remaining below temperatures which would degrade the composition of the oils in addition to promoting cell lysis, that is to say temperatures below 80 ° C, preferably at most 70 ° C.
- the enzymes capable of being used are known, in particular described in WO2015 / 095688, WO201 1/153246, US6750048 and WO2015 / 095694, in particular proteases or cellulases such as the enzymes sold by the company Novozyme under the names Alcalase 2, 5 L, Alcalase 2.4 L, Novozym 37071, Flavourzyme 1000 L, Novozym FM 2.4 L, Protamex, Viscozyme.
- the conditions of implementation are those recommended by the supplier, the temperature being that recommended for optimal activity of the enzymes, at least 50 ° C. and up to 70 ° C., preferably approximately 65 ° C.
- the enzymatic lysis is carried out under an atmosphere poor in oxygen.
- the first part of the lysis is carried out under the usual conditions recommended in the state of the art for cell lysis, in particular in terms of duration of the enzymatic lysis or the grinding cycles.
- the lysis continuation stage makes it possible to complete the latter by modifying the conditions of implementation without having to extract the lysed biomass beforehand.
- the lysis temperature in this second part is at least 10 ° C lower than that in the first part.
- the temperature of the second lysis part is less than or equal to 40 ° C, advantageously ranging from 5 ° C to 40 ° C.
- This second part of lysis at a lower temperature, or end of lysis is advantageously carried out for at least 30 ’, which can range up to 30 h.
- the mechanical separation of an oil from a lysed biomass is also well known to those skilled in the art, as a gravity separation, in particular by centrifugation as described in patent application WO 01/53512.
- a gravity separation in particular by centrifugation as described in patent application WO 01/53512.
- Such separators are known to continuously extract oils from complex media comprising solid residues and water, as described in patent application WO 2010/096002, in particular sold by the companies Alfa Laval, Flottweg or SPX Flow Technology Santorso, in particular. This continuous separation step is preferred in the process used to obtain the oil according to the invention.
- the oil obtained is generally an oil called crude oil, which can be used as it is or be subject to refining, in particular to facilitate its conservation, by preventing it from becoming rancid, or to modify its color so as to make it more acceptable to a consumer.
- refining steps are well known to those skilled in the art, including degumming, clarification and deodorization. They make it possible to eliminate (all or in part) phospholipids, pigments, volatiles and free fatty acids. In fact, these methods do not substantially modify the relative content of fatty acids, saturated or unsaturated, nor the triglyceride content of the refined oil obtained compared to the crude oil.
- the invention also relates to a packaged oil comprising a container of volume suitable for containing said oil, the oil being an oil rich in DHA as defined above, crude or refined, and packaged in an amount of oil greater than 1 L, advantageously in an amount of oil greater than 10 L, more particularly in an amount of oil of the order of 220 L, and more particularly in an amount of oil of the order of 20m 3 .
- any container capable of containing the volume of oil or biomass and protecting them for their conservation and transport may be used by a person skilled in the art.
- the volume of the container will be equal to or substantially greater than that of the oil or of the biomass conditioned so as to limit the presence of air in the container and limit oxidation.
- the container will advantageously be opaque in order to avoid deterioration of the product by light rays, in particular UV.
- the container will be airtight so that any volume not occupied with oil or biomass can be filled with an inert gas.
- the oil according to the invention can be mixed with other oils for their end use.
- This dilution changes the overall content of DHA and other unsaturated fatty acids in the composition of the diluted oil.
- the invention therefore also relates to a diluted oil, comprising the oil according to the invention mixed with another oil.
- the oils used to dilute the oil rich in DHA according to the invention are generally and preferably vegetable oils suitable for human or animal food consumption. Mention will in particular be made of sunflower, rapeseed, soybean, walnut, sesame, hemp, hazelnut, argan, olive, flax, or any other oil suitable for food use.
- the added oil can also be an oil comprising other PUFAs, in particular ARA and / or I ⁇ RA, in particular other oils of microbial origin or also fish oils.
- the invention also relates to a composition which comprises an oil according to the invention, whether it is crude, refined or diluted, or which which comprises the biomass according to the invention.
- a composition according to the invention can comprise one or more excipients.
- An excipient is a component, or mixture of components, which is used in the present invention to impart desirable characteristics to the composition for its storage and use, including foods and pharmaceutical, cosmetic and industrial compositions.
- An excipient can be described as a "pharmaceutically acceptable" excipient when it is added to a pharmaceutical composition whose properties are known from the pharmacopoeia to be used in contact with human and animal tissues without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic reaction or other complications .
- excipients can be used as an organic or mineral base, an organic or mineral acid, a pH buffer, a stabilizer, an antioxidant, an adhesion agent, a separation agent, a coating agent, an external phase component , a controlled release component, a surfactant, a humectant, a filler, an emollient, or combinations thereof.
- compositions according to the invention are in particular pharmaceutical, cosmetic, nutraceutical or food compositions.
- the food is intended for both humans and animals and includes solid, pasty or liquid compositions. Mention will in particular be made of common foods, liquid products, including milks, drinks, therapeutic drinks and nutritional drinks, functional foods, supplements, nutraceuticals, infant formulas, including premature infant formulas, foods for pregnant or lactating women, adult foods, geriatric foods and animal foods.
- the oil rich in DHA according to the invention can be used directly as or added as an additive in an oil, a spread, another fatty ingredient, a drink, a soy-based or soy-based sauce, dairy products (milk, yogurt, cheese, ice cream), bakery products, nutritional products, for example in the form of a nutritional supplement (in the form of capsules or tablet), vitamin supplements, food supplements, powders for beverages, such as energy drinks or milk powders for infant formulations, finished or semi-finished powdered food products, etc. uses known to those skilled in the art.
- Animal feed is also known to those skilled in the art. They are in especially intended for farm animals, such as cows, pigs, chickens, sheep, goats or in fish farming for crustaceans or farmed fish.
- compositions comprising an oil rich in DHA are also known to those skilled in the art, the oil being used alone or in combination with other drugs.
- the crude or refined oil according to the invention or the biomass which contains it can be formulated in the form of single-dose compositions, in particular in the form of tablets, capsules, capsules, powders, granules, suitable for administration. per os.
- the advantage of the oil rich in DHA according to the invention, whether it is crude or refined, or the biomass which contains it, is that it can be used in lesser amounts in these mixtures and compositions.
- the invention also relates to the use of an oil according to the invention, crude, refined or diluted or else the biomass which contains it, for human or animal food, in particular for feeding newborns, children , or pregnant or breastfeeding women.
- Traustochytrid strains (Aurantiochytrium mangrovei - FCCB1897, FCCB1800, CCAP4062 / 8) are cultured in an Erlenmeyer flask in ATCC 790 culture medium (modified). Similar results are obtained with strains of Schizochytrium sp. ((in particular with the strain CCAP4087 / 7).
- the biomass is recovered by centrifugation and then lyophilized before the analysis of the composition of the biomass in fatty acids by GC-FID (method adapted from standard ISO 12966-2).
- composition of the modified ATCC 790 medium is composition of the modified ATCC 790 medium:
- Table 1 represents the composition of fatty acids contained in the biomass. The results are expressed as a percentage relative to the total fatty acid content. AGS are saturated fatty acids. Table 1
- the cultures are carried out in fermenters (bioreactors) of 1 to 5 L useful with dedicated automated systems and supervision by computer station. They are carried out using two strains of Aurantiochytrium mangrovei and with two different culture protocols.
- the system is regulated at pH 5 via the addition of base (NH 4 OH for example b1 and b2 and with NaOH for example a) with adjustment of the pH carried out over the entire duration of the culture, and providing a supply of nitrogen ( in the context of examples b1 and b2).
- the culture temperature was set at 30 ° C then 22 ° C and finally 18 ° C at the end of the culture.
- the strain CCAP4062 / 7 is used for example a and b1 while the strain FCCB1897 is used for example b2.
- composition of the culture media is given in Table 2.
- the total biomass concentration is monitored by measuring the dry mass (filtration through a GF / F filter, Whatman, then drying in an oven, at 105 ° C, for at least 24 h before weighing).
- the fatty acid analyzes are carried out according to a method adapted from ISO 12966-2 for biomass, and according to the European Pharmacopoeia 9.0 (2.4.29.) For oils.
- the fatty acid profiles of the biomasses obtained with conditions a, b1 and b2 are given in Table 3. The results are expressed as a percentage relative to the total fatty acid content.
- the strains with a high DHA content produce a biomass of similar fatty acid composition when they are cultivated in industrial-size fermenters, such as 10 m 3 or 180 m 3 tanks, under conditions similar to the example. 2, with culture medium b and additions of glucose in the form of an enrichment solution are made with a molar ratio of carbon: nitrogen: phosphorus (CNP) of 533: 0.4: 1.
- industrial-size fermenters such as 10 m 3 or 180 m 3 tanks
- the oil is extracted from the biomass of Example 3 (180 m 3 tank) according to a method described in WO2015 / 095694 (Example 9).
- the fatty acid composition of the oil is similar to that of the biomass, given in Table 4.
- the extraction of the biomass produced under the same conditions as in Example 3 is carried out by following the sequence (a) cell lysis by enzymatic route (eg with 2.5 L Alcalase or 2.4 L Alcalase or Novozym 37071 from Novozymes) for 4 hours at a temperature of 65 ° C,
- the extraction yield is 60% of lipids extracted from the biomass.
- the lipid profile of the oil extracted from the biomass is given in Table 6. The results are expressed as a percentage relative to the total fatty acid content. Table 6
- Example 3 Several heterotrophic fermentations are carried out according to the conditions of Example 3.
- the oil is extracted from the fermentation must according to the conditions of Example 5.
- the carotenoids are measured in the extracted oil, by LC / DAD, according to the following methods: Astaxanthin (ester forms included), Reference method: DSM Ver. 1.52009; Beta-carotene (sum of cis- & trans-), saponified, Reference method: EN 12823-2: 2000; Canthaxanthin, Reference method: Roche Index No. 2264; Lutein & Zeaxanthin, Reference method: Roche Index n ° 2264.
- Contaminants such as glycidol and 2- and 3-MCPDs are also dosed in the same batches.
- the viscosity of the oil produced and extracted under conditions similar to Example 5 is measured by a viscometer (Viscoman, Gilson) at different temperatures.
- the melting temperature is evaluated according to ISO 6321 standard.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2019340853A AU2019340853A1 (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2019-09-13 | Oil of microorganisms rich in docosahexaenoic acid |
BR112021004896-0A BR112021004896A2 (pt) | 2018-09-14 | 2019-09-13 | óleo de microrganismos rico em ácido docosa-hexaenoico |
KR1020217009746A KR20210093850A (ko) | 2018-09-14 | 2019-09-13 | 도코사헥사엔산이 풍부한 미생물의 오일 |
US17/275,867 US20220042054A1 (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2019-09-13 | Oil of microorganisms rich in docosahexaenoic acid |
CN201980074627.2A CN113766836A (zh) | 2018-09-14 | 2019-09-13 | 富含二十二碳六烯酸的微生物油 |
EP19765744.8A EP3849344A1 (fr) | 2018-09-14 | 2019-09-13 | Huile de microorganismes riches en acide docosahexaénoïque |
JP2021514127A JP2022500048A (ja) | 2018-09-14 | 2019-09-13 | ドコサヘキサエン酸に富む微生物オイル |
CA3112621A CA3112621A1 (fr) | 2018-09-14 | 2019-09-13 | Huile de microorganismes riches en acide docosahexaenoique |
US18/498,807 US20240141395A1 (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2023-10-31 | Oil of microorganisms rich in docosahexaenoic acid |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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FR1858292A FR3085825B1 (fr) | 2018-09-14 | 2018-09-14 | Huile de microorganismes riche en acide docosahexaenoique |
FR1858292 | 2018-09-14 |
Related Child Applications (2)
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US17/275,867 A-371-Of-International US20220042054A1 (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2019-09-13 | Oil of microorganisms rich in docosahexaenoic acid |
US18/498,807 Continuation US20240141395A1 (en) | 2018-09-14 | 2023-10-31 | Oil of microorganisms rich in docosahexaenoic acid |
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WO2020053372A1 true WO2020053372A1 (fr) | 2020-03-19 |
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PCT/EP2019/074458 WO2020053372A1 (fr) | 2018-09-14 | 2019-09-13 | Huile de microorganismes riches en acide docosahexaénoïque |
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US (2) | US20220042054A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3849344A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2022500048A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20210093850A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN113766836A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2019340853A1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112021004896A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3112621A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3085825B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2020053372A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN115551358A (zh) * | 2020-04-03 | 2022-12-30 | 玛拉可再生能源公司 | 含高水平ω-3脂肪酸的微生物油脂 |
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CN115551358A (zh) * | 2020-04-03 | 2022-12-30 | 玛拉可再生能源公司 | 含高水平ω-3脂肪酸的微生物油脂 |
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CA3112621A1 (fr) | 2020-03-19 |
AU2019340853A1 (en) | 2021-05-06 |
BR112021004896A2 (pt) | 2021-06-01 |
US20240141395A1 (en) | 2024-05-02 |
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JP2022500048A (ja) | 2022-01-04 |
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