WO2020052205A1 - 一种地毯、汽车内饰边角料回收利用工艺及疏水透气砖 - Google Patents

一种地毯、汽车内饰边角料回收利用工艺及疏水透气砖 Download PDF

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WO2020052205A1
WO2020052205A1 PCT/CN2019/076462 CN2019076462W WO2020052205A1 WO 2020052205 A1 WO2020052205 A1 WO 2020052205A1 CN 2019076462 W CN2019076462 W CN 2019076462W WO 2020052205 A1 WO2020052205 A1 WO 2020052205A1
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recycling
weight
parts
carpets
scraps
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PCT/CN2019/076462
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English (en)
French (fr)
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褚乃博
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辽阳艺蒙织毯有限公司
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Publication of WO2020052205A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020052205A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
    • E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C15/00—Pavings specially adapted for footpaths, sidewalks or cycle tracks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of recycling scraps, in particular to a process for recycling scraps of carpets and automobile interior trims, and a hydrophobic breathable brick produced by the process.
  • the Chinese patent (CN201610476787.8 method for recycling and recycling carpet waste) discloses a method for filling the carpet backing material: cutting waste scraps into small pieces, crushing them with a crusher, and separating them on a sorting machine. Calcium powder particles, PVC particles and fluff are separated, and the calcium powder particles are ground into calcium powder. When manufacturing the carpet back, the ground calcium powder is mixed with other new calcium powder to continue to use; PVC particles and short The fleece is compressed and used as a raw material for manufacturing plastic particles and drawing of chemical fiber, respectively.
  • the Chinese patent also discloses a method for making the carpet carpet back: Separate the three materials by the same method as above, and mix the recovered PVC particles and calcium powder with other new materials to make the carpet carpet floor. .
  • step one material classification, classifying different automotive carpet recycling materials according to PET materials and BICO materials
  • step two woolening
  • the bucket is fed, and the PET and BICO materials are sequentially input into the equipment inlet; step three, crushing and opening, and pulverizing the large piece of material; step four, acupuncture and compound, and PET and BICO particles are compounded together by acupuncture .
  • Another example is the Chinese patent (CN201410188993.X method for recycling used carpets) which discloses the following technical solutions: First, decontaminate and clean the used carpets; then classify them according to the degree of wear of the used carpets and classify the first type of surface layer fibers with high abrasion and non- The propylene polymer waste carpet is rolled to remove the bottom hard rubber layer; the second type of propylene polymer waste carpet with low degree of fiber wear is rolled to remove the bottom hard rubber layer, and then the backing cloth is completely peeled off. , Collect the surface fiber and backing cloth separately.
  • the processing cost of this step is very high. If it is only broken, the cost is low, but the cost of classifying the materials is very high, requiring additional equipment and labor investment.
  • the technical solution disclosed in the Chinese patent (CN201610476787.8 method of recycling and recycling carpet waste) is used for carpet production after material classification.
  • classification, re-entry into the production line, etc. need to increase human input and fixed investment.
  • the input cost is too high, and the benefit is not proportional to the input, it is better to landfill and incineration.
  • the classified materials cannot be of the same quality as the purchased raw materials. They usually contain impurities and can only be mixed with directly purchased raw materials for production. The addition ratio needs to be strictly controlled. Even so, the quality of the carpet will still be a certain amount. Negative effects.
  • this recycling method is not suitable for medium or small businesses. For large companies, using their scale can even out inputs and outputs. However, for small and medium-sized carpet manufacturers, the input and output of this process are not proportional, and the product quality stability of small and medium-sized enterprises is relatively low. If it is mixed with recycled waste, the product quality is even more difficult. control.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a process for recycling carpets and trims of automobile interior trims, which has a simple process, a wide range of applications, and high efficiency, and a hydrophobic breathable brick produced by the process.
  • the present invention provides a recycling process for carpets and car interior trims, including the following steps:
  • the particle size range of the solid particles in step 2 is between 1-8 mm.
  • the melting temperature is controlled at 110-260 ° C.
  • step 1 and step 2 are performed simultaneously, the scrap material is crushed by a grinding method, and the particles are heated and melted at the same time.
  • the adhesive in step 3 is a room temperature curing adhesive.
  • the mixture is heated and pressurized.
  • the compression strength is 3-8 MPa
  • the holding time is 3-15 min.
  • the present invention also provides a hydrophobic breathable brick, which is made by using the above-mentioned carpet and car interior trim scrap recycling process, and the hydrophobic breathable brick has a shape capable of being spliced to form a road surface.
  • the porosity of the finished product of the hydrophobic air-permeable brick is in the range of 3-15%, and a drainage groove is provided on the bottom surface thereof.
  • the obtained carpet and car interior trim are not classified and sorted, the process is simple, the initial equipment investment is very small, the labor investment is low, the cost is low, and it can effectively generate economic benefits;
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of a hydrophobic breathable brick
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a groove on the bottom surface of a hydrophobic breathable brick
  • FIG. 3 is an internal structure diagram of a hydrophobic air-permeable brick.
  • the main idea of recycling carpet and car interior trim is to melt away the components that can be melted in the carpet and car interior, so that the crushed or pulverized particles or powder form a plastic body with plasticity.
  • the plastic body is heated to be cut into granules or rolled into granules to melt the low-melting material, and then the high-melting material is wrapped into a whole to form a granule.
  • These particles are mixed with an adhesive and injected into a mold to make a finished product in a desired shape. This greatly reduces the difficulty and cost of scrap recycling, eliminates the need to separate and classify the materials, directly crushes and melts, simplifies the process, and has a wider scope of application. And the final finished product has very high flexibility.
  • hydrophobic breathable bricks for outdoor trails, squares, outdoor sports places in kindergartens, gyms, or hydrophobic non-slip tiles by the swimming pool. It can also be made into wall decoration boards or crafts.
  • the granules produced can even be sold directly as raw materials, such as sold as fillers, used in mortar or concrete production to improve the toughness of concrete.
  • the specific production process includes the following steps:
  • the crushing of scraps is relatively simple, and common crushing equipment can be used, and the particle size range after crushing can be adjusted in accordance with the subsequent melting process and the type of the final product.
  • the crushed particle size is usually in the range of 1-8mm.
  • the meltable part is melted away to form a plastomer.
  • the meaning of melting does not necessarily require complete melting.
  • PP and PE, EVA materials have low melting points, low softening points, and have plasticity between the softening and melting points.
  • mixing with other materials that are not softened or melted also has Plasticity.
  • the crushed material can be made plastic.
  • the existing carpet and car interior trimming scrap recycling process contains considerable PP, PE, EVA and PET, and when used at the same time, it accounts for 30-80% of the total carpet mass. When used alone, or other fusible materials should not be less than 30% of the total mass of the carpet, so that the plastomer can be granulated.
  • Melting can be heated using an external heat source. You can also use mechanical force to heat, such as grinding the scrap directly or grinding after crushing, the friction of the material generates heat.
  • the crushed particles can also be put into a screw extrusion device, and the screw can be used to bring the material into a pressure section with a reduced pitch, and the friction of the material can be used to increase the temperature.
  • the mechanical force uses friction and extrusion to generate heat, which will cause the melted or softened body to release the pressure, so that its internal structure becomes loose, and some closed holes are created in the particles, making the particles more elastic.
  • the melting point of PP is about 164-170 ° C
  • the melting point of PET is about 260 ° C. If these two are to be softened or melted, the heating temperature can be adjusted according to the ratio to enable the plastomer to be granulated. The melting temperature is adjusted within the range of 160-260 ° C.
  • the melting temperature is set in the range of 110-200 ° C.
  • the plastic body is made into granules through extrusion molding, cutting, or rolling granulation.
  • the particle sizes of these methods are relatively single and can be concentrated in a relatively narrow particle size range.
  • the plastomer can also be sprayed with high-pressure gas to make small particles or powders to form a relatively continuous particle gradation. Or two methods are used, granulation, high-pressure gas injection to make powder, and then each particle with a single particle size is blended to form continuous gradation particles.
  • the particle size range of the crushed scraps in step 1 is usually between 1-8 mm.
  • the single-stage particles can be selected in the range of 1-8mm, which is more convenient for molding into products with desired shapes.
  • the adhesive in step 4 of the solid particles is a room temperature curing adhesive.
  • the mixture made after mixing is named a coagulant. After the mixture is poured into the mold, the mixture is heated and pressurized.
  • the amount of curing glue and the compression strength are directly related to the porosity of the finished product. When the amount of curing glue is small or the compression strength is small, the porosity will increase. Common holding pressure parameters are compression strength of 3-8MPa and holding time of 3-15min.
  • the mixture is made into a variety of geometric shapes (triangles, parallelograms, rectangles, trapezoids, or any special shape that can be spliced into pavement).
  • the size is 200 * 200mm-500. * 500mm, thickness 10mm-100mm or other sizes of hydrophobic breathable bricks.
  • the porosity is controlled at 3-15%, so that water-permeable channels connecting the upper and lower surfaces are formed in the brick body. Designing a groove on the bottom surface of the brick can form a continuous drainage channel, so that water will not accumulate on the brick surface.
  • 2-6mm solid particles are used, and the porosity is selected between 6-8%, which can take into account the strength of the floor tile and the water permeability rate, so that these two indicators are at a better level.
  • hydrophobic air-permeable bricks are preferably prepared by using solid particles of a single particle size range. Continuous grading of solid particles can also be used to prepare this kind of water-permeable hydrophobic breathable brick, but the rate of water permeability is not as good as that of the hydrophobic breathable brick prepared from particles of a single size range.
  • the continuous gradation of solid particle floor tiles with low compression strength can be controlled at 3-8MPa, and the holding pressure can be controlled at about 5-15min.
  • the hydrophobic and breathable brick has a certain porosity, it has good heat preservation and sound absorption effects.
  • the cold and hot alternating deformation coefficient is small, which can prevent the waterproof layer from cracking due to the influence of cold and hot alternating, so it is especially suitable for the thermal insulation and deformation resistant buffer layer under the roof waterproof layer.
  • the water-repellent and breathable brick is not necessarily a single layered body, but may be a multi-layer composite brick body, which is a surface layer, a pressure-bearing layer and a drainage layer in order from top to bottom.
  • the surface layer and the drainage layer are made of particles with a single size range, and the pressure-bearing layer is made of continuously graded particles.
  • the particle size of the surface layer ranges from 3-5mm, and the porosity is 7-8%.
  • the pressure-bearing layer has a particle size range of 1-5mm and a porosity of 7-8%.
  • the pressure-bearing layer causes the formation of pores when it is mixed, or a drainage channel is provided in the mold.
  • the pressure-bearing layer uses continuous graded particles.
  • the particle diameter range of the drainage layer is 5-8mm, and the porosity is 10-15%, which is used for drainage, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the surface layer accounts for 15-25% of the overall thickness
  • the bearing layer accounts for 40-60%
  • the drainage layer accounts for 15-25%, such as the surface layer 25%, the bearing layer 50%, and the drainage layer 25%. This can not only improve the drainage effect, but also ensure or enhance the carrying capacity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)

Abstract

一种地毯、汽车内饰边角料回收利用工艺及疏水透气砖，包括以下步骤：1)破碎边角料；2)将边角料加热至部分熔化，形成塑性体，制成固体颗粒；3)将固体颗粒与胶黏剂混合均匀形成混凝体；4)将混凝体倒入模具，胶黏剂硬化，脱模获得成品。该工艺投入小，效益高，适用范围广。疏水透气砖透水效果好，有弹性、防滑、环保、无气味、适于做户外步道。

Description

一种地毯、汽车内饰边角料回收利用工艺及疏水透气砖 技术领域
本发明涉及边角料的回收利用领域，特别涉及一种地毯、汽车内饰边角料回收利用工艺，及利用该工艺生产的疏水透气砖。
背景技术
地毯、汽车内饰在生产中的边角以及为了获得设计形状剪裁产生的边角料，占总体成品的3-10％。边角料的处理直接关系生产总成本和环保问题。以往的处理是直接填埋或是焚烧。地毯、汽车内饰使用的材料多数是高分子材料，自然降解需要几十年甚至百年的时间。焚烧涉及到焚烧工艺的问题，低温燃烧烟气粉尘较多，会对环境产生较大的损害，高温焚烧虽然物质分解相对彻底，但是有较大几率产生强有害气体，如二噁英是强致癌气体。填埋和焚烧都不是经济的选择，企业一方面损失了材料和各种生产投入，另一方面还要支付填埋和焚烧的费用，且这两种处理方式都不是环境友好型的处理方式，即这两种选择对环境都会产生损害。
每年全国地毯、汽车内饰生产总量巨大，边角料的处理，对于单个企业来说都是一个非常重要的经营问题，从行业角度来看，地毯、汽车内饰边角料的处理能够产生客观的经济效益，且对环境保护有较大的现实意义。
相比于填埋和焚烧，回收利用就有可能产生经济效益。当然，如果回收利用的成本过高，与市场规模不匹配，回收利用的技术就是空谈。现有技术中，已有对地毯、汽车内饰生产的边角料进行回收利用的方案。
如中国专利(CN201610476787.8拼块地毯废料回收再利用的方法)公开了一种做拼块地毯底背填充料的方法：把废边角料切成小块，用破碎机粉碎，在分选机上将钙粉颗粒、PVC颗粒和短绒分开，将钙粉颗粒磨成钙粉，在制造拼块地毯底背时，将磨成的钙粉与其它新钙粉掺在一起继续使用；PVC颗粒和短绒分别压缩后分别作为制造塑料粒子和制造化纤拉丝的原料加以利用。该中国专利还公开了一种做拼块地毯底背的方法：用同上方法将三种材料分开，将回收的PVC颗粒和钙粉与其它新料等掺在一起制成拼块地毯的底背。
再如中国专利(CN201710203308.X一种新型汽车地毯回收材料应用方法)公开了以下 技术方案：步骤一，材料分类，将不同汽车地毯回收材料按PET材质和BICO材质进行分类；步骤二，开毛斗投料，将PET材质和BICO材质的材料依次投入设备进料口；步骤三，粉碎开松，将大片的材料粉碎；步骤四，针刺复合，将PET颗粒和BICO颗粒通过针刺复合到一起。
再如中国专利(CN201410188993.X废旧地毯回收方法)公开了如下技术方案：首先对废旧地毯进行除污清洗；然后根据废旧地毯的磨损程度进行分类，对第一类面层纤维磨损程度高和非丙烯聚合物的废旧地毯进行碾压处理，去除底部硬质胶层；对第二类面层纤维磨损程度低的丙烯聚合物废旧地毯进行碾压去除底部硬质胶层后，再完整剥离背衬布，分别收集面层纤维丝和背衬布。
从以上几个专利的技术方案能够看出，现有的地毯、汽车内饰边角料的利用思路是一致的，都是先对不同材料进行分类，然后分别利用或分别处理，制成地毯或是地毯的一部分，或是仅仅是分类回收。
首先，对于边角料的分类回收，这个步骤的处理成本非常高，如果仅仅是破碎，成本较低，但是要对材料进行分类则成本就非常高，需要额外的设备和人力投入。如中国专利(CN201610476787.8拼块地毯废料回收再利用的方法)公开的技术方案为材料分类之后用于地毯的生产，然而，分类、重新进入生产线等等环节需要增加人力投入和固定投入，前期投入成本太高，且效益和投入不成正比，还不如填埋和焚烧。
其次，分类之后的材料没办法做到与购买的原材料品质相同，通常含有杂质，只能与直接购买的原材料混合进行生产，添加的比例需要严格控制，即使如此，对地毯的品质还是会产生一定的负面影响。
最后，这种回收利用的方法，并不适用于规模中等或较小的企业。对于大企业来说，利用其规模能够将投入和产出摊平。但是对于中小地毯生产企业来说，这种工艺的投入和产出就不成正比了，且中小企业的产品质量稳定性本身相对就低一些，如果再掺加回收废料，则产品的质量就更难控制。
现有的地毯、汽车内饰中大多都使用了PP、PA6或PET，尤其是面层和底层大部分都会使用这两种材料，例如汽车脚垫地毯。PP、PA6和PET在地毯、汽车内饰中质量在20-60％范围内。
基于以上，地毯、汽车内饰的边角料的回收利用，需要一种新的，投入更低，工艺更简洁，效益更高，使用范围更广的方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种工艺简洁、适用范围广、效益高的地毯、汽车内饰边角料回收利用工艺及利用该工艺生产的疏水透气砖。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种地毯、汽车内饰边角料回收利用工艺，包括以下步骤：
1)破碎边角料；
2)将边角料加热至部分熔化，形成塑性体，制成固体颗粒；
3)将固体颗粒与胶黏剂混合均匀形成混凝体；
4)将混凝体倒入模具，胶黏剂硬化，脱模获得成品。
优选的，步骤二中固体颗粒的粒径范围在1-8mm之间。
优选的，所述边角料中PP重量份10-30，PET重量份10-30，PE重量份10-30，PA6重量份5-10，EVA重量份5-10，EPDM重量份10-30,麻重量份5-10，棉重量份5-10，UV重量份10-30，熔化温度控制在110-260℃。
优选的，步骤一和步骤二同时进行，采用研磨法将边角料进行破碎，同时使颗粒升温熔化。
优选的，步骤三中胶黏剂为常温固化胶。
进一步的，步骤四中混凝体倒入模具后对混凝体加温加压。
优选的，所述加压强度为3-8MPa，持压时间为3-15min。
本发明还提供了一种一种疏水透气砖，所述疏水透气砖是利用上述地毯、汽车内饰边角料回收利用工艺制成，所述疏水透气砖为能够拼接形成路面的形状。
优选的，所述疏水透气砖成品孔隙率在3-15％范围内，其底面设置排水凹槽。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、所获得地毯、汽车内饰边角料不做分类、分拣，工艺流程简洁，前期设备投入非常少，人力投入少，成本低，能够有效的产生经济效益；
2、制备新产品的种类灵活，有利于企业根据市场进行调整；
3、由于投入和运行成本不高，使其能够适用于不同规模的企业，尤其是中小企业，使用该工艺也能有效的提高经济效益，使其适用范围更广，更容易推广。
附图说明
图1是疏水透气砖截面图；
图2是疏水透气砖底面凹槽示意图；
图3是疏水透气砖内部结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对发明做详细描述。
地毯、汽车内饰边角料的回收，主要的思路是将地毯、汽车内饰中能够熔化的组分熔化掉，使破碎或是粉碎之后的颗粒或是粉料形成具有塑性的塑性体。将塑性体通过加温切粒亦或是滚动造粒的方式使低熔点的材料熔化后将高熔点材料包裹成一体，形成颗粒状。将这些颗粒与胶黏剂混合，注入模具中，制成所需形状的成品。这样就大大降低了边角料的回收利用的难度和成本，不需要对材料进行分离和分类，直接破碎熔化，简化了工序，适用范围更广。且最终的制成品灵活性非常高，可以制成疏水透气砖用于户外步道、广场、幼儿园户外运动场所、健身房亦或是游泳池边疏水防滑砖。也可以制成墙壁装饰板，亦或是制成工艺品等等。甚至可以将制成的颗粒直接作为原材料出售，如作为填料出售，用于砂浆或是混凝土生产上，以提高混凝土的韧性等。
具体的生产过程包括以下步骤：
1)破碎边角料；
2)将边角料加热至部分熔化，形成塑性体，制成固体颗粒；
3)将固体颗粒与胶黏剂混合均匀形成混凝体；
4)将混凝体倒入模具，胶黏剂硬化，脱模获得成品。
边角料的破碎比较简单，使用常见的破碎设备即可，配合后续的熔化工序，以及最终成品种类来调整破碎后的粒径范围。通常破碎粒径在1-8mm范围内。
把能熔融的部分熔化掉形成塑性体。当然这个熔化的含义并不一定要求完全熔化，如PP和PE、EVA材料熔点低、软化点低，在软化点和熔融点之间具有塑性，这个时候与其它没有软化或熔融的材料混合也具有塑性。只要能够使破碎后的材料具有可塑性即可。当然，现有的地毯、汽车内饰边角料回收利用工艺，其中含有相当的PP、PE、EVA和PET，同时使用时，占地毯总质量的30-80％。单独使用时，或是其他可熔物占地毯总质量应该不低于30％，这样能够保证塑性体能够进行造粒。
熔融可以使用外部热源加热。也可以使用机械力进行加热，比如将边角料直接进行研磨 或是破碎后研磨，物料摩擦产生热量。当然也可以是将破碎的颗粒放入螺杆挤压装置中，利用螺杆上的螺纹，将物料带入螺距减小的加压段，利用物料的摩擦可挤压升温。此外，机械力利用摩擦和挤压产生热量，会让熔融或软化体有释放压力的过程，从而其内部结构变得疏松，颗粒内产生一些闭口孔，使颗粒的弹性更佳。
PP的熔点约为164一170℃，PET的熔点在260℃左右，如果是这两种为要软化或是熔融物，可根据比例来调整加热的温度，使塑性体能够造粒。熔化温度在160-260℃范围内调整。所述边角料中PP重量份10-30，PET重量份10-30，PE重量份10-30，PA6重量份5-10，EVA重量份5-10，EPDM重量份10-30,麻重量份5-10，棉重量份5-10，UV重量份10-30，这种比例的边角料，熔化温度设置在110-200℃范围内。
造粒工序，将塑性体通过挤塑或是切粒亦或是滚动造粒的方式制成颗粒。当然这几种方式制成的颗粒的粒径相对单一，可以集中在某一个相对较窄的粒径范围内。也可以将塑性体用高压气体进行喷射制成小颗粒或是粉，形成相对连续的颗粒级配。亦或是使用两种方法，配合造粒，高压气体喷射制成粉料，然后配合各个单一粒径的颗粒，形成连续级配的颗粒。前文已经阐述步骤一中破碎边角料的粒径范围通常在1-8mm之间。
单一级配的颗粒选择粒径范围在1-8mm之间，比较便于成型制成所需的形状产品。
固体颗粒步骤四中胶黏剂为常温固化胶。当然，使用其他种类的胶黏剂也可以，只是常温固化胶使用更方便。混合之后制成的混合物命名为混凝体。混凝体倒入模具后对混凝体加热、加压。固化胶的使用量以及加压强度与后期成品的孔隙率直接相关。固化胶用量少，或是加压强度小，孔隙率就会升高。常用的持压参数是加压强度为3-8MPa，持压时间为3-15min。
孔隙率可以控制的情况下，将混凝体制成各种几何形状(三角形、平行四边形、长方形、梯形或是任意的异形，能够拼接成路面即可)的疏水透气砖，尺寸200*200mm-500*500mm，厚度10mm-100mm或是其它大小的疏水透气砖。孔隙率控制在3-15％，使砖体内形成连通上下表面的透水通道。在砖的底面上设计凹槽，则能够形成连续的排水通道，使砖面上不会积水。实际生产中，经过测试，使用2-6mm固体颗粒，孔隙率选择在6-8％，能够兼顾地板砖的强度和透水速率，使这两个指标都在较优的水平。
当然，这种疏水透气砖最好是适用单一粒径范围的固体颗粒来制备。连续级配的固体颗粒也可以用于制备这种透水疏水透气砖，只是透水的速率没有单一粒径范围颗粒制备的疏水透气砖好。
此外，利用连续级配的固体颗粒地砖且加压强度低，控制在3-8MPa，持压控制在5-15min左右即可，由于疏水透气砖有一定的空隙率，保温、吸音效果好同时具备冷热交变变形系数小，可以预防防水层受冷热交变的影响开裂，所以特别适用于屋顶防水层下面的保温抗变形的缓冲层。
疏水透气砖并不一定是单一层状体，可以是多层复合砖体，由上至下依次是面层、承压层和排水层。面层和排水层使用单一粒径范围的颗粒制成，承压层使用连续级配颗粒制成。面层颗粒粒径范围3-5mm，孔隙率7-8％。承压层粒径范围1-5mm，孔隙率7-8％，承压层在混合时引起形成气孔，或是在模具中设置上下连通的排水通道，由于承压层是使用连续级配的颗粒制成，其承载能力更强，能够起到有效地支撑压力的作用，所以放在中间。排水层的颗粒粒径范围5-8mm，孔隙率10-15％，用于排水使用，如图3。面层占整体后厚度的15-25％,承载层占40-60％，排水层占15-25％，如面层25％、承载层50％、排水层25％。这样既能够提高排水效果，又能够保证或提升承载能力。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施方式，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明精神和原则内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种地毯、汽车内饰边角料回收利用工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    1)破碎边角料；
    2)将边角料加热至部分熔化，形成塑性体，制成固体颗粒；
    3)将固体颗粒与胶黏剂混合均匀形成混凝体；
    4)将混凝体倒入模具，胶黏剂硬化，脱模获得成品。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的地毯、汽车内饰边角料回收利用工艺，其特征在于，步骤二中固体颗粒的粒径范围在1-8mm之间。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的地毯、汽车内饰边角料回收利用工艺，其特征在于，所述边角料中PP重量份10-30，PET重量份10-30，PE重量份10-30，PA6重量份5-10，EVA重量份5-10，EPDM重量份10-30,麻重量份5-10，棉重量份5-10，UV重量份10-30，熔化温度控制在110-260℃
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的地毯、汽车内饰边角料回收利用工艺，其特征在于，步骤一和步骤二同时进行，采用研磨法将边角料进行破碎，同时使颗粒升温熔化。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的地毯、汽车内饰边角料回收利用工艺，其特征在于，步骤三中胶黏剂为常温固化胶。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的地毯、汽车内饰边角料回收利用工艺，其特征在于，步骤四中混凝体倒入模具后对混凝体加热加压。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的地毯、汽车内饰边角料回收利用工艺，其特征在于，所述加压强度为3-8MPa，持压时间为3-15min。
  8. 一种疏水透气砖，其特征在于，所述疏水透气砖是利用如权利要求1-7所述的地毯、汽车内饰边角料回收利用工艺制成，所述疏水透气砖为能够拼接形成路面的形状。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的疏水透气砖，其特征在于，所述疏水透气砖成品孔隙率在3-15％范围内，其底面设置排水凹槽。
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