WO2020050403A1 - サケ目魚類の筋肉の融解を防ぐ方法 - Google Patents
サケ目魚類の筋肉の融解を防ぐ方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020050403A1 WO2020050403A1 PCT/JP2019/035189 JP2019035189W WO2020050403A1 WO 2020050403 A1 WO2020050403 A1 WO 2020050403A1 JP 2019035189 W JP2019035189 W JP 2019035189W WO 2020050403 A1 WO2020050403 A1 WO 2020050403A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fish
- period
- administration
- salmonid
- microsporidians
- Prior art date
Links
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 241000277299 Salmoniformes Species 0.000 title abstract 3
- 241000243190 Microsporidia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- HXHWSAZORRCQMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N albendazole Chemical compound CCCSC1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 HXHWSAZORRCQMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229960002669 albendazole Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229960005473 fenbendazole Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229960003439 mebendazole Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229960004500 flubendazole Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- CPEUVMUXAHMANV-UHFFFAOYSA-N flubendazole Chemical compound C1=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 CPEUVMUXAHMANV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229960004454 oxfendazole Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- BEZZFPOZAYTVHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxfendazole Chemical compound C=1C=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=CC=1S(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BEZZFPOZAYTVHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NQPDXQQQCQDHHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-5-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)-2-(methylthio)-1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound ClC=1C=C2NC(SC)=NC2=CC=1OC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl NQPDXQQQCQDHHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RAOCRURYZCVHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(6-propoxy-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamic acid methyl ester Chemical compound CCCOC1=CC=C2N=C(NC(=O)OC)NC2=C1 RAOCRURYZCVHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229960004546 thiabendazole Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiabendazole Chemical compound S1C=NC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)=C1 WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004308 thiabendazole Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000010296 thiabendazole Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229960000323 triclabendazole Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- IRHZVMHXVHSMKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenbendazole Chemical compound [CH]1C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=CC=C1SC1=CC=CC=C1 IRHZVMHXVHSMKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- BAXLBXFAUKGCDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N mebendazole Chemical compound [CH]1C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BAXLBXFAUKGCDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 121
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 claims description 116
- 241001507086 salmonid fish Species 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- -1 benzimidazole compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000361 pesticidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000680171 Retropinna retropinna Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000277263 Salmo Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- HMCCXLBXIJMERM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Febantel Chemical compound C1=C(NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC(=O)OC)C(NC(=O)COC)=CC(SC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 HMCCXLBXIJMERM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229960005282 febantel Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- VXTGHWHFYNYFFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N albendazole S-oxide Chemical compound CCCS(=O)C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 VXTGHWHFYNYFFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229960002762 oxibendazole Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 208000031513 cyst Diseases 0.000 description 25
- 241000277331 Salmonidae Species 0.000 description 22
- 241000277338 Oncorhynchus kisutch Species 0.000 description 21
- 239000003096 antiparasitic agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000000507 anthelmentic effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 12
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 10
- HDDSHPAODJUKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenbendazole Chemical compound C1=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=CC=C1SC1=CC=CC=C1 HDDSHPAODJUKPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OPXLLQIJSORQAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N mebendazole Chemical compound C=1C=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OPXLLQIJSORQAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002773 nucleotide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 206010011732 Cyst Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000277275 Oncorhynchus mykiss Species 0.000 description 5
- 241001600434 Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus Species 0.000 description 5
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 5
- 150000001556 benzimidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 5
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 5
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000861915 Plecoglossus Species 0.000 description 4
- 108020001027 Ribosomal DNA Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000219104 Cucurbitaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000011887 Necropsy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000590 parasiticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002297 parasiticide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 3
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000277329 Oncorhynchus keta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001280377 Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000861914 Plecoglossus altivelis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000277288 Salmo trutta Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 208000007502 anemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000011888 autopsy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001364 causal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014102 seafood Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000020190 Azalea indica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002498 Azalea indica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000242722 Cestoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000555825 Clupeidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000003808 Cystic echinococcosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010014096 Echinococciasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000009366 Echinococcosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000498255 Enterobius vermicularis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000206602 Eukaryota Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001264643 Glugea anomala Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000032843 Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001183330 Hypomesus japonicus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001062470 Hypomesus nipponensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000531917 Loma salmonae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000277334 Oncorhynchus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000277326 Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000277269 Oncorhynchus masou Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000277277 Oncorhynchus nerka Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000276444 Parahucho perryi Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000030852 Parasitic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000276618 Perciformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233679 Peronosporaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001417935 Platycephalidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000277295 Salvelinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012300 Sequence Analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000692569 Stylephorus chordatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001441724 Tetraodontidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940058303 antinematodal benzimidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125687 antiparasitic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012677 causal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001647 drug administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010014881 enterobiasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003031 feeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035553 feeding performance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009287 sand filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019512 sardine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003934 vacuole Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000273 veterinary drug Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/27—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carbamic or thiocarbamic acids, meprobamate, carbachol, neostigmine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
- A61K31/4184—1,3-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. benzimidazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/425—Thiazoles
- A61K31/427—Thiazoles not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/425—Thiazoles
- A61K31/428—Thiazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for preventing muscle melting that occurs in salmonid fish. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an agent and a method for exterminating microsporidia parasitic on muscles of salmonid fish by oral administration.
- Benzimidazole compounds are known as antiparasitic drugs, and in Japan, mebendazole is used as a drug for treating pinworm disease, albendazole is used as a drug for hydatid disease, and flubendazole is used for animals for nematodes and roundworms.
- drugs fevantel and fenbendazole are approved as veterinary drugs against nematodes and tapeworms. For fisheries, Fevantel is licensed for puffer fish.
- Non-Patent Document 1 There is a report that tested the effect of albendazole on Loma Salmonae, a microsporidian parasite on the gill of rainbow trout (Non-Patent Document 1). There is a report in which the effects of albendazole, mebendazole, and fenbendazole on Glugea anomala, a microsporidian parasitoid in the three-spotted stickleback (Asclepiidae) are examined (Non-Patent Document 2). There is a report that a benzimidazole-based drug is effective for microsporidians parasitic on seafood of the order Perciformes or Flatheads (Patent Documents 1 and 2). There is also a report on the use of albendazole or fenvantel or the like for the treatment of downy mildew and myxosporidiosis (Patent Document 3).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for identifying and solving the cause of melting occurring in muscles of salmonid fish. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method for preventing the melting of salmonid fish muscles and improving the appearance of salmonid fish muscles.
- the present inventors have noticed melting symptoms in the muscles under the salmon skin.
- the dip caused by the melting symptoms which can be found visually, is about 2-3 mm in diameter when it is small, and about 15 mm or more when it is large, and becomes a dip with hemorrhage. It cannot be found from above the skin without careful observation. Small ones are difficult to find from the top of the skin, but as they get bigger, they appear in spots even when viewed from the top of the skin. Inspection was performed to identify the cause of the muscle melting observed in the salmon muscles. As a result, countless microsporidian spores (FIG. 4) were observed from the melting points. Cysts were also observed (FIGS. 1 and 3), and microsporidian spores were observed in the cysts. These results suggest that the disease was caused by microsporidians parasitizing the muscle. Muscle melting by microsporidians in sea-cultured salmon has not been reported before and is a new discovery.
- the present invention relates to a method for preventing the melting of muscle by microsporidians occurring in salmonid fishes of the following (A1) to (A11), and the microsporidian parasites in the muscles of salmonid fishes of (B1) to (B12) Pesticides.
- A1 A method for preventing melting of muscle by microsporidians occurring in salmonid fish, which comprises administering a pesticidal agent for microsporidians containing a benzimidazole compound as an active ingredient.
- A2) The method according to (A1), wherein an administration period is provided for continuously administering a microsporidial pesticide to fish in an environment where microsporidians are infected, for 5 days or more.
- A3 The method according to (A1) or (A2), wherein a period for administration of the pesticidal agent for microsporidians and a suspension period are provided for a salmonid fish, which is a cultured fish, in a cycle of 20 to 60 days.
- the described method The salmonid fish, which is a cultured fish, is provided with a period of administration of a pesticidal agent for microsporidians and a period of drug suspension at a cycle of an integrated water temperature of 260 to 780 ° C (A1) or (A1).
- (A5) one or more benzimidazole-based compounds selected from albendazole, fevantel, fenbendazole, oxfendazole, mebendazole, flubendazole, oxybendazole, triclabendazole, licobendazole and thiabendazole
- (A6) The method according to any one of (A1) to (A5), wherein the salmonid fish is a salmonid fish or a cucumber fish.
- the salmonid fish is a fish belonging to any of the genus Salmon, Atlantic salmon, Char, and Ito, and the cucumber fish is a fish belonging to the genus Smelt, Ayu.
- A6 The method described in.
- A8 The method according to any one of (A1) to (A7), wherein the benzimidazole compound is orally administered.
- A9 The method according to any one of (A1) to (A8), wherein the benzimidazole compound is administered at a dose of 1 to 25 mg / kg / day.
- A10 The method according to any one of (A3) to (A9), wherein the total dose of the pesticide per cycle is 5 to 50 mg / kg.
- A11 The method according to (A1), wherein the pesticide is administered once.
- (B1) An agent for controlling microsporidians parasitic on muscles of salmonid fish, comprising a benzimidazole compound as an active ingredient.
- (B2) one or more benzimidazole compounds selected from albendazole, fevantel, fenbendazole, oxfendazole, mebendazole, flubendazole, oxybendazole, triclabendazole, licobendazole and thiabendazole
- the pesticide according to (B1) which is a compound.
- (B3) The pesticide according to (B1) or (B2), wherein the salmonid fish is a salmonid fish or a cucumber fish.
- the salmonid fish is a fish belonging to any of the genus Salmon, Atlantic salmon, Char, and Ito, and the cucumber fish is a fish belonging to the genus Smelt or Ayu (B3).
- the disinfectant as described. (B5) The method according to any of (B1) to (B4) for use by oral administration.
- (B6) The pesticide according to any of (B1) to (B5), for use in administration of a benzimidazole compound in an amount of 1 to 25 mg / kg / day.
- B7 The pesticide according to any of (B1) to (B6), wherein the administration period is 5 days or more.
- (B8) The disinfectant according to any one of (B1) to (B7), wherein an administration period and a drug suspension period are provided in a cycle of 20 to 60 days for salmonid fish that are farmed fish. .
- the salmonid fish which is a cultured fish, is provided with a period of administration of a microsporidian pesticide and a period of drug suspension at a cycle of an integrated water temperature of 260 to 780 ° C (B1) to (B1).
- the pesticide according to any of B7) (B10) The pesticide according to any of (B8) to (B9), wherein the total dose of the pesticide per cycle is 5 to 50 mg / kg.
- (B11) The pesticide according to any of (B1) to (B6), which is administered once.
- a method for controlling microsporidians comprising a step of administering the control agent according to (B1) to (B11) to salmonid fish.
- the present invention includes the inventions described in the following (C1) to (C11).
- C1 A method for preventing melting of muscles caused by microsporidians occurring in muscles of salmonid fish, which comprises administering a pesticidal agent for microsporidians containing a benzimidazole compound as an active ingredient.
- C2 The method according to (C1), wherein an administration period is provided for continuously administering a microsporidial pesticide to fish in an environment where microsporidians are infected, for 5 days or more.
- (C5) one or more benzimidazole compounds selected from albendazole, fevantel, fenbendazole, oxfendazole, mebendazole, flubendazole, oxybendazole, triclabendazole, licobendazole and thiabendazole A disinfectant for the compound (C4).
- (C6) The pesticide according to (C4) or (C5), wherein the salmonid fish is a salmonid fish or a cucumber fish.
- the salmonid fish is a fish belonging to any of the genus Salmon, Atlantic salmon, Char, and Ito, and the cucumber fish is a fish belonging to the genus Smelt or Ayu (C6). Pesticide.
- (C8) The pesticide according to any of (C4) to (C7), wherein the benzimidazole compound is administered at a dose of 1 to 25 mg / kg / day.
- (C9) The pesticide according to any of (C4) to (C8), wherein the administration period is 5 days or more.
- (C10) The method according to any one of (C4) to (C9), wherein an administration period and a drug suspension period are provided in a cycle of 20 to 60 days for fish in an environment in which microsporidians are infected. Pesticide.
- (C11) The pesticide according to (C10), wherein a total dose of the pesticide per cycle is 5 to 50 mg / kg.
- microsporidians parasitic on muscles of salmonid fish can be controlled by oral administration. Thereby, the melting of muscles observed in salmonid fishes can also be suppressed. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for preventing melting occurring in muscles of salmonid fish and improving the appearance of muscles of salmonid fish.
- FIG. 1 It is a photograph which shows the whole of the coho salmon fillet.
- the arrow indicates the melting of the muscle.
- Arrows indicate cysts in an enlarged photograph of the portion (2) in FIG. 2 is a photograph of microsporidian spores commonly observed from (1) and (2) of FIG. 1.
- the present invention has elucidated that the cause of the melting symptoms observed in the muscles of salmonid fishes is caused by microsporidians, and has found a drug effective by oral administration to control the microsporidians. is there.
- Fishes that are the subject of the present invention are fishes that are classified as salmonids in terms of biotaxonomics.
- the term “salmonid fish” means a fish which may be classified as a salmonid fish (eg, cucumber family).
- the fish targeted by the present invention are “salmonids” or “salmonids”.
- the fish of the present invention is a fish belonging to the salmonid salmonidae or the cucumber family.
- salmonids belonging to the genus Salmonus As fish species belonging to the salmonid family, salmonids belonging to the genus Salmonus (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus ⁇ nerka), salmon (pork trout) (Oncorhynchus masou), and satsuki trout (Oncorhynkawas onchus).
- Examples of fish species belonging to the Cucumber family include smelt (Hypomesus japonicus) and smelt (Hypomesus nipponensis) belonging to the genus Smelt, and ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) belonging to the genus Ayu.
- the parasiticidal agent of the present invention is used for cultured fish of these fishes.
- the active ingredient of the parasiticidal agent of the present invention is a drug classified as a benzimidazole compound.
- the benzimidazole-based compound is a drug having benzimidazole as a basic skeleton, and is a drug known as a parasiticide or a fungicide.
- Albendazole (Albendazole; methyl N- (5-propylsulfanyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) carbamate), febantel (Febantel; methyl (NE) -N-[[2-[(2-methoxyacetyl) amino] -4- phenylsulfanylanilino]-(methoxycarbonylamino) methylidene] carbamate), Fenbendazole (methyl-N- (5-phenylsulfanyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) carbamate), oxfendazole (Oxfendazole; methyl N- [5- (benzenesulfinyl) ) -1H-benzimidazol-2-yl] carbamate), mebendazole (Mebendazole; methyl @ [5- (Benzoyl) benzimidazol-2-yl] carbamate), flubendazole (Flubendazo
- the parasiticide of the present invention comprises albendazole as an active ingredient.
- the microsporidians targeted by the pesticide of the present invention are microsporidians that parasitize the muscles of salmonid fish and cause the muscles to melt.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph of a fillet of fillet of salmon, and the muscle shown in (1) is melted.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged photograph of the melting point of the muscle shown in (1).
- a cyst of the microsporidian is confirmed in the portion shown in (2) of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged photograph showing a cyst at a location indicated by an arrow.
- Microsporidian spores are commonly detected in (1) and (2), and
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged photograph thereof. In the photograph of FIG. 4, a polar cell, a polar tube, and a posterior vacuole can be confirmed.
- the causative parasite is a microsporidian parasitizing the muscle of a salmonid fish causing the muscle to melt.
- the causative parasite can be identified by analyzing the nucleotide sequence of the DNA, the nucleotide sequence of the ribosomal DNA region, or the nucleotide sequence of the SSU ribosomal DNA region.
- the microsporidian which is the causative parasite is, for example, 92% or more, 93% or more, 94% or more, 95% or more when compared with the nucleotide sequence corresponding to any one of SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 8. It has a similarity (homology, identity) of 96% or more, 97% or more, 98% or more, or 99% or more.
- the comparison can be performed, for example, for a base sequence of 200 bp or more, 300 bp or more, 400 bp or more, 500 bp or more, 600 bp or more, 700 bp or more, 800 bp or more, or 900 bp or more.
- a well-known tool for example, Clustal @ W @ (https://clustalw.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/) or the like) can be used for comparison of nucleotide sequences.
- the parasiticidal agent of the present invention can exert its effects by oral administration.
- administration by a medicine bath in which a fish is immersed in a solution in which a drug is dissolved or administration by injection is also possible.
- the dosage of the parasiticidal agent according to the present invention is not limited at all.
- a large dose reduces the feeding activity, but a single dose or a short-term dose does not affect the survival.
- the infection is mild, a low dose may be continued for a certain period of time from the beginning, and then the drug may be stopped. It is preferable to determine the infection status of the parasite and administer it while appropriately changing the dosage according to the judgment of a veterinarian.
- the high dose is preferably 5 to 25 mg / kg / day from the viewpoint of effects and side effects, and the low dose is preferably 1 to 5 mg / kg / day.
- one administration period and one drug holiday are defined as one cycle.
- One cycle can be for 20 to 60 days, 30 to 60 days, or 30 to 45 days.
- the administration period in one cycle can be 5 to 20 days, and the drug holiday can be 15 to 40 days.
- one cycle is four weeks, one week is administered, and three weeks are taken as a drug holiday.
- it is possible to set such that one cycle is six weeks, two weeks of administration, and four weeks of suspension.
- the preferred dose is 1-5 mg / kg / day.
- it can be designed such that 1 mg / kg / day is administered for 2 weeks and then the drug is stopped for 4 weeks. Parasites are less likely to develop and grow at low water temperatures and tend to form and grow at high water temperatures. It is also effective to adjust the dosage according to the water temperature.
- the total dose in one cycle can be from 5 to 50 mg / kg.
- One cycle including one administration period and a drug holiday in the practice of the present invention can be specified by the accumulated water temperature.
- the integrated water temperature is a value obtained by adding the daily average water temperature every day.
- One cycle can be, for example, at 260 to 780 ° C, 390 to 780 ° C, or 390 to 585 ° C.
- the administration period in one cycle can be 65 to 260 ° C, and the drug holiday can be 195 to 520 ° C.
- one cycle is 364 ° C, 91 ° C is administered, and 273 ° C is withdrawn.
- it can be set so that one cycle is 546 ° C., 182 ° C. is administered, and 364 ° C. is withdrawn.
- the preferred dose per integrated temperature of 13 ° C. is 1-5 mg / kg.
- the preferred dose per integrated temperature of 13 ° C. can be designed such that after administration of 1 mg / kg / day during the period of the accumulated temperature of 182 ° C., the drug is stopped during the period of the accumulated temperature of 364 ° C. Parasites are less likely to develop and grow at low water temperatures and tend to form and grow at high water temperatures. It is also effective to adjust the dosage according to the water temperature.
- the total dose in one cycle can be from 5 to 50 mg / kg.
- the period of breeding in cages and the like at risk of infection is about three months to half a year. If the breeding period is short, administration may be completed in one cycle. For a half year of aquaculture, three to six cycles of administration will be used.
- the administration period of the parasiticidal agent of the present invention can be appropriately selected from 1 to 20 days, 3 to 20 days, and 5 to 14 days.
- the administration of the parasiticidal agent of the present invention may include a drug holiday in which the parasiticidal agent is not administered.
- a drug holiday in which the parasiticidal agent is not administered.
- the method of carrying out the first administration on the 21st day after carrying the fish infected with microsporidians by breeding in a living cage for 42 days to a land facility significantly reduces microsporidosis. could be suppressed. It is not necessary to administer the drug all the time, even if it is kept in a cage at risk of infection.
- a single dose is administered for one day, and after a drug holiday of 17 days, the drug is administered continuously for 14 days. The dosing period can be set.
- the administration period of the parasiticidal agent of the present invention can be appropriately determined based on the integrated water temperature, and is not particularly limited.
- the administration period can be appropriately selected from a period of 13 to 260 ° C., a period of 39 to 260 ° C., and a period of 65 to 182 ° C.
- the dose of the parasiticidal agent of the present invention is, for example, a dose of 1 mg to 25 mg of the benzimidazole compound per 1 kg of fish body weight per day in any fish (hereinafter referred to as “1 to 25 mg / kg / day”). It is preferably orally administered in the range of 1 to 10 mg / kg / day, 1 to 8 mg / kg / day or 1 to 5 mg / kg / day. In one embodiment of the present invention, the benzimidazole compound can be administered only once daily at the above-mentioned daily dose.
- the dose of the parasiticide can also be adjusted based on the total amount administered in one cycle instead of the daily dose.
- the total amount during the entire administration period can be, for example, 5 to 50 mg / kg, 10 to 25 mg / kg.
- the frequency of administration in one cycle is not particularly limited as long as the dose per cycle is ensured. For example, once a day, twice a day, three times or more, or two days It may be once every three days, once every four days, or once every five days or more. It is sufficient that the dosage is secured as one cycle, and the frequency of feeding may be changed during one cycle.
- the therapeutic agent or the parasiticidal agent of the present invention uses the above-mentioned compound which is an active ingredient alone, and if necessary, other substances such as carriers, stabilizers, solvents, excipients, and diluents. It can be used in combination with components.
- the form may be any of those usually used for these compounds, such as powder, granules, tablets and capsules.
- a method such as coating can prevent a decrease in the palatability of the feed and make the compound less likely to leak.
- the therapeutic agent or the parasiticidal agent of the present invention is added to feed, it is preferable to use a feed in which nutritional components and physical properties required for each fish species are considered.
- the feed is usually a mixture of fish meal, bran bran, starch, minerals, vitamins, fish oil, etc., and pellets, or a powdered feed (mash) containing frozen fish such as sardines and fish meal plus vitamins, etc. Are mixed to form pellets. Since the daily food consumption is almost determined by the type and size of the fish, the therapeutic agent or the parasiticidal agent of the present invention is added to the feed in an amount converted to the above-mentioned dosage.
- the therapeutic agent or the parasiticidal agent of the present invention may be administered once a day or in several divided doses. Since the therapeutic agent of the present invention is used by being added to fish feed, it is preferable to prepare a formulation suitable for adding an appropriate concentration to a feed that fish ingests daily. Specifically, it is preferable to formulate and use a benzimidazole-based compound as an active ingredient in an amount of 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 30% by weight, more preferably 10 to 20% by weight.
- a feed for salmonid fish which is used for controlling muscle melting by microsporidians, comprising 0.0001 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.0005 to 2.5% by dry weight of a benzimidazole compound.
- the feed is provided which contains about 0.001 to 0.5% by weight, more preferably 0.001 to 0.5% by weight.
- the “environment in which microsporids are infected” is not particularly limited as long as fish can infect microsporids.
- fish are exposed to the outside world where microsporids can exist using a fish cage or the like.
- the environment where fish are cultivated using marine cages are also included in the “environment where microsporidians are infected”.
- coho salmon was transferred from freshwater to a sea cage, and bred for 42 days in the cage to infect microsporidians.
- the administration of the drug was started 21 days after returning the infected coho salmon to land, and a high anthelmintic effect could be obtained.
- the first drug is administered 20 to 60 days or 30 to 60 days after offshore, or after a period of 260 to 780 ° C or 390 to 780 ° C at an integrated water temperature.
- the second drug is administered 20 to 60 days or 30 to 60 days after the end of drug administration, or after a period of 260 to 780 ° C or 390 to 780 ° C at the accumulated water temperature.
- the pesticide of the present invention can be used every 20 to 60 days or every 30 to 60 days when a fish is placed in an environment where microsporidians are infected, or every 260 to 780 ° C. or 390 to 780 ° C. at an integrated water temperature.
- Microsporidian infections do not cause death and do not affect growth, leading to delays in detection. If the skin is found to have melted in the shipping stage, it will inevitably lose its commercial value. Muscle melting caused by microsporidia is frequently observed just below the epidermis, and the color of the epidermis appears whitish from the periphery. In one embodiment of the present invention, the condition of the fish is observed, and when the fish exhibiting such an appearance is observed, the drug is administered immediately.
- Albendazole-added feed was prepared by putting a predetermined amount of commercially available feed (trade name: Otohime, manufacturer: Nisshin Marubeni Feed) and albendazole (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) into a polyethylene bag, and diluting it twice.
- Spreading agent low saccharified reduced starch syrup, trade name: SE30, manufacturer: Bussan Food Science Co., Ltd.
- Preparation of the feed for the control group was carried out by adding only the diluted SE30 in an amount of 4% of the weight of the feed and stirring.
- the feeding amount was set at 1% by weight of fish weight for marine trout, 2% by weight for yellowtail, and 1.5% by weight for trout.
- the evaluation of the effects of albendazole on feeding was performed by observing the feeding status.
- Table 1 shows the water temperature, the weight of the test fish at the start of the test, the number of test tails, the dose of albendazole, and the results.
- Coho salmon fry were introduced into fisheries cages and reared for 42 days.
- the fry of coho salmon was naturally infected with microsporidians by breeding this sea surface cage.
- Coho salmon carried into the land facility were divided into three groups, and each group was housed in a separate 2 ton tank. The average fish weight at this time was 466 g.
- Table 2 shows the test plots and the number of test specimens. Water injection into the water tank was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1.
- the breeding period after delivery was 99 days.
- the water temperature during the test period was 10.9-14.9 ° C and averaged 13.2 ° C.
- 10 fish were necropsied to observe the number of cysts in the body muscles and whether the muscles melted.
- Table 4 shows the anthelmintic effect of albendazole on microsporidians.
- the incidence of the single administration of 20 mg / kg fish body weight of albendazole was clearly lower than that of the control group, indicating that albendazole exerts an anthelmintic effect on this causal agent.
- the anthelmintic rate of the 10 mg / kg fish body weight single dose + 1 mg / kg fish body weight for the 14-day continuous administration group was clearly lower than that of the 20 mg / kg fish body weight single administration group, and the 1 mg / kg fish body weight was smaller. It has been found that long-term administration of this insect can exterminate this insect. In addition, no reduction in food intake was observed during administration of 1 mg / kg fish body weight for 14 days.
- Salmonid fish can be adversely affected by feeding at a low dose of 10 mg / kg fish body weight, and 1 mg / kg fish body weight for 14 days can be administered without reducing feeding and can disinfest microsporidians It became clear. No death due to this disease was observed. This causes the fish to become less susceptible to infection until the insect-infected fish are shipped.
- the number of onsets in Table 4 is the ratio of fish that had cyst or thawing symptoms in muscle, and the number and size of cysts or thawing are the number and size of cysts or thawing. That is, it was shown that the administration of albendazole suppressed the occurrence of cyst and muscle melting.
- Coho salmon fry were introduced into fisheries cages and raised for 35 days. The fry of coho salmon was naturally infected with microsporidians by breeding this sea surface cage. Coho salmon carried into a land facility were divided into four groups, and each group was housed in a separate 500 L water tank. The average fish weight at this time was 252 g. Table 5 shows the test plots and the number of test specimens. Water injection into the water tank was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1. The breeding period after transport was set to 89 days. The water temperature during the test period was 11.6-15.3 ° C and averaged 13.2 ° C. In addition, in order to ascertain the onset of microsporidosis at the start of the test, 10 fish were necropsied to observe the number of cysts in the body muscles and whether the muscles melted.
- Table 7 shows the anthelmintic effect of albendazole and fevantel on microsporidians.
- the incidence in the control group was 10%, while that in the albendazole and fevantel administration groups was 0%. It was found that long-term administration at a dose as low as 1 mg / kg fish body weight per day could exterminate this insect. In addition, it was revealed that fevantel, like albendazole, has an anthelmintic effect on microsporidians that newly melt muscles in salmonids.
- Coho salmon fry were introduced into fisheries cages and reared for 28 days. The fry of coho salmon was naturally infected with microsporidians by breeding this sea surface cage. Coho salmon carried into a land facility were divided into four groups, and each group was housed in a separate 500 L water tank. The average fish weight at this time was 261 g. Table 8 shows the test plots and the number of test specimens. Water injection into the water tank was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1. The breeding period after delivery was 77 days. Water temperature during the test period was 10.5-14.6 ° C, averaging 13.0 ° C. In addition, in order to ascertain the onset of microsporidosis at the start of the test, 10 fish were necropsied to observe the number of cysts in the body muscles and whether the muscles melted.
- Table 10 shows the anthelmintic effects of albendazole and fevantel on microsporidians.
- the incidence in the control group was 11.8%, while that in the albendazole and fevantel administration groups was 0%.
- the result of Example 3 was reproduced. Long-term administration of a low dose of 1 mg / kg fish body weight per day will allow the worm to deworm this insect.
- fevantel also deworms salmonids against microsporidians that melt new muscles. It was once again shown to be effective.
- Tissue was collected from the sea-cultured coho salmon lesion with this symptom, and DNA was extracted after confirming the presence of spores of the causal microsporidian under a microscope. Thereafter, according to the published literature (Bell, AS, et al., J. Eukaryot. Microbiol.
- SSU ribosomal DNA region of about 940 bp in the obtained nucleotide sequence was compared with the similarity to the sequences of five known microsporidians that have been reported to infest salmonid fishes. Clustal W (https://clustalw.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/) was used for comparison.
- DNA DNAs having eight patterns of nucleotide sequences (SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 8) containing mutations were collected from the causal microsporidian. The following examination was conducted using Type 1 (SEQ ID NO: 1). Generally, it is known that the rDNA region has a repeat structure, and even in the same individual, the sequence may not match in each repeat. The similarity of each sequence was over 99%.
- the obtained base was about 1.5 kbp. Approximately 900 pb of the 5 terminal end of the obtained base corresponding to the base sequence registered for other microsporidians was used to compare homology with other species.
- An effective pesticide can be provided by oral administration of microsporidians parasitizing muscles of salmonid fish. Since no deaths due to the disease are observed, the commercial value of fish grown to the size of the shipment at the expense of them will lose commercial value. According to the present invention, if the melting of muscle can be prevented, the commercial value is prevented from being reduced, which is of industrial value.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
(A1)ベンゾイミダゾール系化合物を有効成分として含有する微胞子虫の駆除剤を投与することを特徴とする、サケ目魚類に発生する微胞子虫による筋肉の融解を防ぐ方法。
(A2)微胞子虫が感染する環境にある魚に対して微胞子虫の駆除剤を5日以上連続して投与する投与期間を設けることを特徴とする(A1)に記載の方法。
(A3)養殖魚であるサケ目魚類に対して、20~60日間のサイクルで、微胞子虫の駆除剤の投与期間と休薬期間を設けることを特徴とする(A1)又は(A2)に記載の方法。
(A4)養殖魚であるサケ目魚類に対して、積算水温で260~780℃のサイクルで、微胞子虫の駆除剤の投与期間と休薬期間を設けることを特徴とする(A1)又は(A2)に記載の方法。
(A5)ベンゾイミダゾール系化合物がアルベンダゾール、フェバンテル、フェンベンダゾール、オクスフェンダゾール、メベンダゾール、フルベンダゾール、オキシベンダゾール、トリクラベンダゾール、リコベンダゾール及びチアベンダゾールから選択される1種又は2種以上の化合物である、(A1)~(A4)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(A6)サケ目魚類がサケ科魚類又はキュウリウオ科の魚類である、(A1)~(A5)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(A7)サケ科魚類が、サケ属、タイセイヨウサケ属、イワナ属及びイトウ属のいずれかに属する魚類であり、キュウリウオ科の魚類が、ワカサギ属、アユ属に属する魚類である、(A6)に記載の方法。
(A8)ベンゾイミダゾール系化合物が経口投与される、(A1)~(A7)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(A9)ベンゾイミダゾール系化合物が、1~25mg/kg/日の投与量で投与される、(A1)~(A8)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(A10)1サイクルあたりの駆除剤の投与量が総量として、5~50mg/kgである(A3)~(A9)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(A11)駆除剤が単回投与される、(A1)に記載の方法。
(B2)ベンゾイミダゾール系化合物がアルベンダゾール、フェバンテル、フェンベンダゾール、オクスフェンダゾール、メベンダゾール、フルベンダゾール、オキシベンダゾール、トリクラベンダゾール、リコベンダゾール及びチアベンダゾールから選択される1種又は2種以上の化合物である(B1)に記載の駆除剤。
(B3)サケ目魚類がサケ科魚類又はキュウリウオ科の魚類である(B1)又は(B2)に記載の駆除剤。
(B4)サケ科魚類が、サケ属、タイセイヨウサケ属、イワナ属及びイトウ属のいずれかに属する魚類であり、キュウリウオ科の魚類が、ワカサギ属、アユ属に属する魚類である(B3)に記載の駆除剤。
(B5)経口投与により使用されるための、(B1)~(B4)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(B6)ベンゾイミダゾール系化合物の1~25mg/kg/日の量での投与において使用するための、(B1)~(B5)のいずれかに記載の駆除剤。
(B7)投与期間が5日以上である(B1)~(B6)のいずれかに記載の駆除剤。
(B8)養殖魚であるサケ目魚類に対して、20~60日間のサイクルで、投与期間と休薬期間を設けることを特徴とする(B1)~(B7)のいずれかに記載の駆除剤。
(B9)養殖魚であるサケ目魚類に対して、積算水温で260~780℃のサイクルで、微胞子虫の駆除剤の投与期間と休薬期間を設けることを特徴とする(B1)~(B7)のいずれかに記載の駆除剤。
(B10)1サイクルあたりの駆除剤の投与量が総量として、5~50mg/kgである(B8)~(B9)のいずれかに記載の駆除剤。
(B11)単回投与される、(B1)~(B6)のいずれかに記載の駆除剤。
(B12)(B1)~(B11)に記載の駆除剤をサケ目魚類に投与する工程を含む、微胞子虫の駆除方法。
(C1)ベンゾイミダゾール系化合物を有効成分として含有する微胞子虫の駆除剤を投与することを特徴とする、サケ目魚類の筋肉に発生する微胞子虫による筋肉の融解を防ぐ方法。
(C2)微胞子虫が感染する環境にある魚に対して微胞子虫の駆除剤を5日以上連続して投与する投与期間を設けることを特徴とする(C1)の方法。
(C3)微胞子虫が感染する環境にある魚に対して、20~60日間のサイクルで、微胞子虫の駆除剤の投与期間と休薬期間を設けることを特徴とする(C1)又は(C2)の方法。
(C4)ベンゾイミダゾール系化合物を有効成分として含有する、サケ目魚類の筋肉に寄生した微胞子虫の駆除剤。
(C5)ベンゾイミダゾール系化合物がアルベンダゾール、フェバンテル、フェンベンダゾール、オクスフェンダゾール、メベンダゾール、フルベンダゾール、オキシベンダゾール、トリクラベンダゾール、リコベンダゾール及びチアベンダゾールから選択される1種又は2種以上の化合物である(C4)の駆除剤。
(C6)サケ目魚類がサケ科魚類又はキュウリウオ科の魚類である(C4)又は(C5)の駆除剤。
(C7)サケ科魚類が、サケ属、タイセイヨウサケ属、イワナ属及びイトウ属のいずれかに属する魚類であり、キュウリウオ科の魚類が、ワカサギ属、アユ属に属する魚類である(C6)の駆除剤。
(C8)ベンゾイミダゾール系化合物が、1~25mg/kg/日の投与量で投与される(C4)~(C7)のいずれかに記載の駆除剤。
(C9)投与期間が5日以上である(C4)~(C8)のいずれかに記載の駆除剤。
(C10)微胞子虫が感染する環境にある魚に対して、20~60日間のサイクルで、投与期間と休薬期間を設けることを特徴とする(C4)~(C9)のいずれかに記載の駆除剤。
(C11)1サイクルあたりの駆除剤の投与量が総量として、5~50mg/kgである(C10)に記載の駆除剤。
好ましい態様において、本発明の寄生虫駆除剤は、これらの魚類の養殖魚に用いられる。
本発明に寄生虫駆除剤の用法用量は何ら限定されるものではない。実施例に示すように、投与量が多いと摂餌活性が低下するが、単回投与や短期間の投与であれば、生存に影響するものではない。寄生虫の感染状態によっては、多い量を単回投与、あるいは短期間投与することにより寄生虫を抑えることが望ましい。その後、感染状態を観察しながら、低用量を一定期間継続し、休薬するという方法がある。また、感染状態が軽度であれば、最初から低用量を一定期間継続し、休薬するということもできる。寄生虫の感染状態を把握し、獣医師の判断により適宜、用法用量を変更しながら投与するのが好ましい。この場合、高用量としては、効果と副作用の点から5~25mg/kg/日、低用量としては、1~5mg/kg/日とするのが好ましい。
海産トラウト(海産ニジマス)、ブリ、およびトラフグを水槽に収容した。水槽の規模は海産トラウトを500リットル、ブリおよびトラフグを200リットルとした。砂ろ過・紫外線殺菌海水を2.4リットル/分の条件で各水槽に注水した。アルベンダゾール投与の前日に魚体重を測定した。馴致後に各魚種および各区ともに5日間連続で試験飼料を給餌した。アルベンダゾールの投与は1日1回とした。アルベンダゾール添加飼料の調製は、ポリエチレン袋に所定量の市販飼料(商品名:おとひめ、製造元:日清丸紅飼料)およびアルベンダゾール(東京化成工業社製)を入れ、そこに2倍希釈した展着剤(低糖化還元水飴、商品名:エスイー30、製造元:物産フードサイエンス株式会社)を飼料重量の4%量加え撹拌することで行った。対照区の飼料の調製は、希釈したエスイー30のみを飼料重量の4%量加え撹拌することで行った。給餌量は、海産トラウトでは魚体重の1重量%、ブリでは2重量%、トラフグでは1.5重量%と設定した。アルベンダゾールの摂餌に及ぼす影響評価は、摂餌状況を観察することで行った。水温、試験開始時の供試魚体重、供試尾数、アルベンダゾール投与量および結果を表1に示した。
ギンザケ稚魚を漁場の生簀に導入し、42日間飼育した。この海面生簀飼育によりギンザケ稚魚を微胞子虫に自然感染させた。陸上施設に搬入したギンザケを3群に分け、各群を別々の2t水槽に収容した。この時の平均魚体重は466gであった。試験区と供試尾数を表2に示す。水槽への注水は実施例1と同じ条件で行った。搬入後の飼育期間は99日とした。試験期間中の水温は、10.9~14.9℃で平均13.2℃であった。また、試験開始時の微胞子虫症発症状況を把握するために、10尾を剖検して体側筋のシスト数および筋肉の融解の有無を観察した。
アルベンダゾール投与区は、単回投与翌日に摂餌が不活発となり所定量の半量の摂餌となった。海産トラウト同様にギンザケでも10mg/kg魚体重以上の投与は、摂餌性に悪影響を及ぼした。これらの結果より、サケ目魚類は、他魚種と比べ、アルベンダゾール10mg/kg魚体重と少ない投与量でも摂餌に悪影響を受けやすいことが判明した。しかしながら、飼育期間中の成長、生残は対照区より優れていた(表3)。これは、後述する微胞子虫駆虫効果によるものと推察された。
ギンザケ稚魚を漁場の生簀に導入し、35日間飼育した。この海面生簀飼育によりギンザケ稚魚を微胞子虫に自然感染させた。陸上施設に搬入したギンザケを4群に分け、各群を別々の500L水槽に収容した。この時の平均魚体重は252gであった。試験区と供試尾数を表5に示す。水槽への注水は実施例1と同じ条件で行った。搬入後の飼育期間は89日とした。試験期間中の水温は、11.6~15.3℃で平均13.2℃であった。また、試験開始時の微胞子虫症発症状況を把握するために、10尾を剖検して体側筋のシスト数および筋肉の融解の有無を観察した。
陸上水槽搬入時に10尾の魚の筋肉を調べたところ、シストは観察されなかった。試験終了時の各区の魚体重と尾叉長、死亡率を表6に示した。アルベンダゾールおよびフェバンテルの成長、生残は対照区より優れており、これら薬剤投与がギンザケに悪影響を及ぼしていないことが考えられた。また、死亡魚を観察したところ、尾鰭欠損が顕著であり、貧血になっていた。従って、本試験での死亡は、縄張り行動による尾鰭欠損が原因であった。
ギンザケ稚魚を漁場の生簀に導入し、28日間飼育した。この海面生簀飼育によりギンザケ稚魚を微胞子虫に自然感染させた。陸上施設に搬入したギンザケを4群に分け、各群を別々の500L水槽に収容した。この時の平均魚体重は261gであった。試験区と供試尾数を表8に示す。水槽への注水は実施例1と同じ条件で行った。搬入後の飼育期間は77日とした。試験期間中の水温は、10.5~14.6℃で平均13.0℃であった。また、試験開始時の微胞子虫症発症状況を把握するために、10尾を剖検して体側筋のシスト数および筋肉の融解の有無を観察した。
陸上水槽搬入時に10尾の魚の筋肉を調べたところ、シストは観察されなかった。試験終了時の各区の魚体重と尾叉長、死亡率を表9に示した。アルベンダゾールおよびフェバンテルの成長、生残は対照区より優れており、これら薬剤投与がギンザケに悪影響を及ぼしていないことが考えられた。また、死亡魚を観察したところ、尾鰭欠損が顕著であり、貧血になっていた。従って、本試験での死亡は、縄張り行動による尾鰭欠損が原因であった。
本症状がみられた海面養殖ギンザケ病変部の組織を採取し、顕微鏡下で原因微胞子虫の胞子の存在を確認した後にDNAを抽出した。その後、既報の文献(Bell, A. S., et al., J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 2001, 48, 258-265.)に従い、530f (5’-GTGCATCCAGCCGCGG-3’)(配列番号9)、及び580r (5’-GGTCCGTGTTTCAAGACGG-3’) (配列番号10)のプライマー対で増幅される約1500 bpのリボソームDNA領域の原因微胞子虫の塩基配列を決定した。得られた塩基配列をBLAST検索 (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi)に供して既知のものであるかどうかを確認した。さらに、得られた塩基配列のうちのSSU リボソームDNA領域約940 bpを対象として、サケ科魚類への寄生が報告されている既知の微胞子虫5種の配列との類似性を比較した。比較にはClustal W (https://clustalw.ddbj.nig.ac.jp/)を用いた。
得られた配列はデータベースに登録されているいずれの種とも一致しなかった。また、サケ科魚で既報の微胞子虫塩基配列に対する類似性は68-84%程度に留まった。さらに、罹病魚に観察される症状も、これらのいずれの種とも異なった。従って、本種はこれまでに発生報告のない未知の種であることが明らかとなった。
Claims (14)
- ベンゾイミダゾール系化合物を有効成分として含有する微胞子虫の駆除剤を投与することを特徴とする、サケ目魚類に発生する微胞子虫による筋肉の融解を防ぐ方法。
- 養殖魚であるサケ目魚類に対して微胞子虫の駆除剤を5日以上連続して投与する投与期間を設けることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 養殖魚であるサケ目魚類に対して、20~60日間のサイクルで、微胞子虫の駆除剤の投与期間と休薬期間を設けることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 養殖魚であるサケ目魚類に対して、積算水温で260~780℃のサイクルで、微胞子虫の駆除剤の投与期間と休薬期間を設けることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- ベンゾイミダゾール系化合物を有効成分として含有する、サケ目魚類の筋肉に寄生した微胞子虫の駆除剤。
- ベンゾイミダゾール系化合物がアルベンダゾール、フェバンテル、フェンベンダゾール、オクスフェンダゾール、メベンダゾール、フルベンダゾール、オキシベンダゾール、トリクラベンダゾール、リコベンダゾール及びチアベンダゾールから選択される1種又は2種以上の化合物である請求項5に記載の駆除剤。
- サケ目魚類がサケ科魚類又はキュウリウオ科の魚類である請求項4又は5に記載の駆除剤。
- サケ科魚類が、サケ属、タイセイヨウサケ属、イワナ属及びイトウ属のいずれかに属する魚類であり、キュウリウオ科の魚類が、ワカサギ属、アユ属に属する魚類である請求項7に記載の駆除剤。
- ベンゾイミダゾール系化合物が、1~25mg/kg魚体重/日の投与量で投与される請求項5~8のいずれかに記載の駆除剤。
- 投与期間が5日以上である請求項5~9のいずれかに記載の駆除剤。
- 養殖魚であるサケ目魚類に対して、20~60日間のサイクルで、投与期間と休薬期間を設けることを特徴とする請求項5~10のいずれかに記載の駆除剤。
- 養殖魚であるサケ目魚類に対して、積算水温で260~780℃のサイクルで、微胞子虫の駆除剤の投与期間と休薬期間を設けることを特徴とする請求項5~10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 1サイクルあたりの駆除剤の投与量が総量として、5~50mg/kg魚体重である請求項11又は12に記載の駆除剤。
- 単回投与される、請求項5~9のいずれかに記載の駆除剤。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020217008453A KR20210056356A (ko) | 2018-09-06 | 2019-09-06 | 연어목 어류의 근육의 융해를 방지하는 방법 |
CN201980057576.2A CN112638379A (zh) | 2018-09-06 | 2019-09-06 | 防止鲑形目鱼类的肌肉溶解的方法 |
JP2020541318A JP7424983B2 (ja) | 2018-09-06 | 2019-09-06 | サケ目魚類の筋肉の融解を防ぐ方法 |
JP2024003001A JP2024041906A (ja) | 2018-09-06 | 2024-01-12 | サケ目魚類の筋肉の融解を防ぐ方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2018166892 | 2018-09-06 | ||
JP2018-166892 | 2018-09-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2020050403A1 true WO2020050403A1 (ja) | 2020-03-12 |
Family
ID=69721831
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2019/035189 WO2020050403A1 (ja) | 2018-09-06 | 2019-09-06 | サケ目魚類の筋肉の融解を防ぐ方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (2) | JP7424983B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20210056356A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN112638379A (ja) |
CL (1) | CL2021000480A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2020050403A1 (ja) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017186306A (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-12 | 林兼産業株式会社 | 魚介類の微胞子虫の防除用組成物及びそれを用いた魚介類の微胞子虫の防除方法 |
WO2018062246A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-05 | 日本水産株式会社 | 海産魚類に寄生する微胞子虫及び粘液胞子虫による疾患の治療剤 |
JP2019001781A (ja) * | 2017-06-19 | 2019-01-10 | 国立研究開発法人水産研究・教育機構 | 海産魚のべこ病に有効な治療薬とその投与方法 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19831985A1 (de) * | 1998-07-16 | 2000-01-20 | Bayer Ag | Substituierte Benzimidazole, ihre Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als Mittel gegen parasitäre Protozoen |
KR101817817B1 (ko) * | 2010-06-28 | 2018-01-11 | 닛폰 스이산 가부시키가이샤 | 어류의 기생충 구제제 및 구제 방법 |
-
2019
- 2019-09-06 KR KR1020217008453A patent/KR20210056356A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2019-09-06 CN CN201980057576.2A patent/CN112638379A/zh active Pending
- 2019-09-06 WO PCT/JP2019/035189 patent/WO2020050403A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2019-09-06 JP JP2020541318A patent/JP7424983B2/ja active Active
-
2021
- 2021-02-25 CL CL2021000480A patent/CL2021000480A1/es unknown
-
2024
- 2024-01-12 JP JP2024003001A patent/JP2024041906A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017186306A (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-12 | 林兼産業株式会社 | 魚介類の微胞子虫の防除用組成物及びそれを用いた魚介類の微胞子虫の防除方法 |
WO2018062246A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-05 | 日本水産株式会社 | 海産魚類に寄生する微胞子虫及び粘液胞子虫による疾患の治療剤 |
JP2019001781A (ja) * | 2017-06-19 | 2019-01-10 | 国立研究開発法人水産研究・教育機構 | 海産魚のべこ病に有効な治療薬とその投与方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
LOM, J. ET AL.: "Redescription of Microsporidium takedai (Awakura, 1974) as Kabatana takedai", DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS, vol. 44, no. 3, 2001, pages 223 - 230, XP055692642 * |
SCHMAHL, G. ET AL.: "Treatment of fish parasites. 11. Effects of different benzimidazole derivatives (albendazole, mebendazole, fenbendazole) on Glugea anomala, Moniez, 1887 (Microsporidia): ultrastructural aspects and efficacy studiesTreatment of fish parasites. 11. Effects of different benzimidazole derivatives (alben", PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH, vol. 84, no. 1, 8 January 1987 (1987-01-08), pages 41 - 49, XP055692644 * |
TAKAHASHI, SEI ET AL.: "Studies on Glugea Infection of the Ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis — IV: Artificial Infection by Spore Injection", FISH PATHOLOGY, vol. 12, no. 4, 1978, pages 255 - 259 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN112638379A (zh) | 2021-04-09 |
JPWO2020050403A1 (ja) | 2021-08-30 |
JP7424983B2 (ja) | 2024-01-30 |
CL2021000480A1 (es) | 2021-07-09 |
KR20210056356A (ko) | 2021-05-18 |
JP2024041906A (ja) | 2024-03-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP7474912B2 (ja) | 海産魚類に寄生する微胞子虫及び粘液胞子虫による疾患の治療剤 | |
JP6343796B2 (ja) | 魚介類の微胞子虫の防除用組成物及びそれを用いた魚介類の微胞子虫の防除方法 | |
JP5771203B2 (ja) | 魚類の寄生虫駆除剤及び駆除方法 | |
JP2024040470A (ja) | スズキ目魚類の寄生虫駆除剤及び駆除方法 | |
Öğretmen et al. | Efficacy of clove oil, benzocaine, eugenol, 2-phenoxyethanol as anaesthetics on shabbout fish (Barbus grypus Heckel, 1843) | |
US20150272931A1 (en) | New Treatment | |
WO2020050403A1 (ja) | サケ目魚類の筋肉の融解を防ぐ方法 | |
JP7128466B2 (ja) | 海産魚のべこ病に有効な治療薬とその投与方法 | |
EP3331365B1 (en) | Agent for fighting fish parasites | |
EP3599855A1 (en) | Delayed release feed-through veterinary compositions with ovicidal and larvicidal activity against susceptible and resistant strains of parasites in ruminants' feces, use of these compositions, method for delaying the release of these compositions | |
JP4695766B2 (ja) | 魚類寄生虫の駆除剤及び駆除方法 | |
JP2010180185A (ja) | 魚類のエラムシ駆除剤及び駆除方法 | |
CN105101973A (zh) | 用于海虱侵染治疗的西拉菌素 | |
JP5584890B2 (ja) | 魚類の住血吸虫の駆除剤および魚類の住血吸虫の駆除方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 19856827 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2020541318 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20217008453 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 19856827 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |