WO2020047931A1 - 一种具有指向性的环屏扬声器阵列及其控制方法 - Google Patents

一种具有指向性的环屏扬声器阵列及其控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2020047931A1
WO2020047931A1 PCT/CN2018/109216 CN2018109216W WO2020047931A1 WO 2020047931 A1 WO2020047931 A1 WO 2020047931A1 CN 2018109216 W CN2018109216 W CN 2018109216W WO 2020047931 A1 WO2020047931 A1 WO 2020047931A1
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array
speaker
transducer
frequency band
sound
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PCT/CN2018/109216
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English (en)
French (fr)
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赵茜
郑建国
唐海生
熊齐军
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音王电声股份有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/403—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers loud-speakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/26—Spatial arrangements of separate transducers responsive to two or more frequency ranges

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  • the invention relates to a ring screen speaker array, in particular to a ring screen speaker array suitable for domestic LED large screens and a control method thereof.
  • the materials used in the screens of traditional movie theaters are sound-transmitting materials.
  • the horn-type main sound reinforcement speaker system and ultra-low frequency speakers are usually placed behind the sound-transmitting curtains.
  • the traditional main channel sound reinforcement system cannot be used.
  • the speaker array can solve the problem of sound reinforcement of the main channel, and it also has many features that are difficult to achieve with traditional main channel sound reinforcement systems. It is difficult to change the directivity of the traditional sound reinforcement system after installation.
  • the invention designs a ring screen speaker array and a control method thereof, which solve the following technical problems: (1) the problem of sound reinforcement of the main channel of a movie screen which is a non-transparent material. (2) Once the traditional speaker system is installed, the sound field distribution cannot be changed, and the sound field distribution in the audience area is uneven, and some audience areas have poor hearing.
  • the present invention adopts the following solutions:
  • a directional ring screen speaker array is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of speaker sub-arrays (2), and a plurality of said speaker sub-arrays (2) are distributed around a screen of a non-transparent material; each speaker sub-array (2) When composed of a single-layer transducer, a full-range sound signal processing method is used.
  • the first transducer group (21) of the speaker sub-array (2) is responsible for the full frequency band of the sound signal; the upper and lower sides of the screen
  • the directivity of the speaker sub-array can be adjusted in the horizontal direction, and the directivity of the speaker sub-array on the left and right sides of the screen can be adjusted in the vertical direction.
  • a directional ring screen speaker array is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of speaker sub-arrays (2), and a plurality of said speaker sub-arrays (2) are distributed around a screen of a non-transparent material; each speaker sub-array (2) When composed of two layers of transducers, a two-frequency sound signal processing method is used.
  • the first transducer group (21) in the lower layer is responsible for the low frequency band of the sound signal
  • the second transducer group (23 in the upper layer) ) responsible for the high frequency band of the sound signal
  • the frequency division point f 1 between the low frequency band and the high frequency band should meet the following conditions:
  • the first transducer group (21) uses a transducer diameter of d, and the transducer diameter in the second transducer group (22) is d / 2;
  • the upper second transducer group is a square combination, and when combined into an array, the upper speaker array is a two-line line array; in the high frequency band, the tunability can be achieved in both the horizontal and vertical directions, but the vertical direction will Side lobes are generated; both the left and right speaker arrays achieve tunability in the horizontal and vertical directions, but side lobes are generated in the horizontal direction; when this scheme is used, the sound field will alias when the frequency is greater than v / d.
  • a directional ring screen speaker array is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of speaker sub-arrays (2), and a plurality of said speaker sub-arrays (2) are distributed around a screen of a non-transparent material; each speaker sub-array (2) When composed of three layers of transducers, three layers of transducers with different arrangement shapes are used, and a three-frequency sound signal processing method is used. Each layer corresponds to a different frequency band of the sound signal.
  • the crossover point f 2 of the low frequency band and the middle frequency band should satisfy the following conditions:
  • the crossover point f 3 of the middle frequency band and the high frequency band should satisfy the following conditions:
  • the first transducer group (21) uses a transducer diameter of d
  • the transducer diameter in the second transducer group (22) is d / 2
  • the third transducer The diameter of the transducer in group (23) is d / 5;
  • the directivity of the upper speaker array can be adjusted in both horizontal and vertical directions, and the sidelobe is small in the directivity, and the sound energy is concentrated. If the size of the upper transducer d / 5 is small enough, No aliasing of the sound field occurs at the audible frequency of the ear.
  • a control method of a directional ring screen speaker array includes a plurality of speaker sub-arrays (2), and the plurality of speaker sub-arrays (2) are distributed around a screen of a non-transmissive material, including the following steps:
  • the sound wave superposition principle is used, and the sound waves emitted from multiple speaker sub-arrays (2) are superimposed to form different frequency bands or different signals.
  • Different directivity may also increase the coverage angle of the speaker array, and the sound field in the audience area is evenly distributed to adapt to different movie projection environments.
  • the speaker array can form a specific directivity in the high frequency band, and the array can achieve sub-band directivity in four directions: up, down, left, and right;
  • the adjustment angle of the low-frequency directivity is ⁇ 1
  • the adjustment angle of the intermediate-frequency directivity is ⁇ 2
  • the adjustment angle of the high-frequency directivity is ⁇ 3. It is responsible for each transducer in the first transducer group (21) of the low-frequency band.
  • the delay unit is t 1
  • the delay unit of the transducer in the second transducer group (22) in the middle frequency band is t 2 , which is responsible for the transducer in the third transducer group (22) in the high frequency band.
  • the delay unit is t 3 and v is the speed of sound:
  • the speaker array processes three-frequency signals, different signals are first filtered into low-frequency signals, intermediate-frequency signals, and high-frequency signals. After the above-mentioned delay algorithm is processed for different frequency bands of different signals, different signals are superimposed on the same frequency band, and then fed to each transducer unit in the speaker array.
  • the sound image position of the center channel is changed by using the sound energy ratio of the upper speaker array and the lower speaker array and the directivity of the array, and the sound image position can be moved to an ideal position by adjusting the sound energy ratio and directivity.
  • a solution in which multiple sub-arrays of speakers are tightly and uniformly distributed around the screen of a non-transparent material screen solves the problem of sound reinforcement of the main channel of a film screen as a non-transparent material, and enables the adjustable array of the speaker array Sex. .
  • the ring screen loudspeaker array of the present invention is easy to better adapt to the LED screen, facilitates the installation of the device, and can be placed outdoors without being restricted by the venue.
  • the speaker array of the present invention can form adjustable directivity, which increases the coverage angle of the sound field. Without changing the position of the device, only through software adjustment, different directivity can be formed in different frequency bands or different signals, or The coverage angle of the speaker array is increased, and the sound field in the audience area is evenly distributed to adapt to different movie projection environments.
  • the directivity of the upper speaker array can be adjusted in both the horizontal and vertical directions, and the sidelobes in the directivity are small, and the sound energy is concentrated. If the size of the upper transducer d / 5 is small enough, No aliasing of the sound field occurs at the audible frequency of the human ear.
  • the sound image position of the center channel is changed by using the sound energy ratio of the upper speaker array and the lower speaker array and the directivity of the array. By adjusting the sound energy ratio and directivity, the sound image position can be moved to an ideal position.
  • Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the ring screen speaker array installation of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a combined schematic diagram of a speaker sub-array of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the first layer transducer group of the speaker sub-array of the present invention
  • Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the second-layer transducer group distribution of the speaker sub-array of the present invention
  • Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the third-layer transducer group distribution of the speaker sub-array of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a multi-layer transducer group combination of a speaker sub-array of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the first layer of the speaker array of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second layer of the speaker array according to the present invention.
  • Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the third layer of the speaker array of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of directivity of different frequency bands of a ring screen speaker array according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of directivity of different signals of a ring screen speaker array in the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a signal processing flow of a ring screen speaker array in the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a combined schematic diagram of a speaker sub-array in the present invention.
  • a ring screen speaker array includes a plurality of speaker sub-arrays 2, and the plurality of speaker sub-arrays 2 are distributed around a screen of a non-transparent material.
  • the non-transparent material screen is an LED screen 1 or an OLED screen or other non-transmissive material screen with a display function.
  • Each loudspeaker sub-array 2 is composed of a plurality of transducers with different arrangement shapes.
  • Each loudspeaker sub-array 2 is composed of three layers of transducers with different arrangement shapes, and adopts a three-frequency sound signal processing method.
  • Each layer corresponds to a different frequency band of the sound signal.
  • the first transducer group 21 in the lower layer which Responsible for processing the low frequency band of the sound signal
  • the second transducer group 22 of the middle layer is responsible for processing the mid frequency band of the sound signal
  • the third transducer group 23 of the upper layer is responsible for processing the high frequency band of the sound signal.
  • the first transducer group 21 uses one transducer
  • the second transducer group 22 uses four transducers, which are arranged in a square shape.
  • the third transducer group 23 uses nine transducers and is arranged in a cross shape.
  • the lower transducer can be regarded as a line array
  • the middle transducer is a two-line array
  • the upper transducer group is a plurality of crosses.
  • the control method of the ring screen speaker array of the present invention works as follows:
  • the first transducer group 21 adopts a transducer diameter d
  • the transducer diameter in the second transducer group 22 is d / 2
  • the third transducer group The diameter of the transducer in 23 is d / 5;
  • each speaker sub-array 2 is composed of a single-layer transducer
  • full-frequency sound signal processing is used.
  • the first transducer group 21 is responsible for the full frequency band of the sound signal.
  • the directivity of the upper and lower speaker arrays can be Adjustable in the horizontal direction, and the directivity of the left and right speaker arrays can be adjusted in the vertical direction. With this scheme, when the frequency is greater than v / 2d, the sound field will alias.
  • each speaker sub-array 2 is composed of two layers of transducers
  • a two-frequency sound signal processing method is used.
  • the first transducer group 21 in the lower layer is responsible for the low frequency band of the sound signal
  • the second transducer group 23 in the upper layer is used.
  • the crossover point f 1 between the low frequency band and the high frequency band should meet the following conditions:
  • the second transducer group on the upper layer is a square combination, and when combined into an array, the upper speaker array is a two-row line array.
  • tunability can be achieved in both horizontal and vertical directions, but side lobes are generated in the vertical direction.
  • the left and right speaker arrays are tunable both horizontally and vertically, but side lobes are generated horizontally.
  • each speaker sub-array 2 is composed of three layers of transducers, three layers of transducers with different arrangement shapes are used, and a three-frequency frequency sound signal processing method is used, and each layer corresponds to a different frequency band of the sound signal;
  • the first transducer group 21 is responsible for processing the low frequency band of the sound signal;
  • the second transducer group 22 of the middle level is responsible for processing the mid frequency band of the sound signal;
  • the third transducer group 23 of the upper level is responsible for processing The high frequency band of the sound signal.
  • the crossover point f 2 of the low frequency band and the middle frequency band should satisfy the following conditions:
  • the crossover point f 3 of the middle frequency band and the high frequency band should satisfy the following conditions:
  • the directivity of the upper speaker array can be adjusted in both the horizontal and vertical directions, and the sidelobe is small in the directivity, and the sound energy is concentrated. If the size of the upper layer transducer d / 5 is small enough, no aliasing of the sound field will occur in the audible frequency of the human ear.
  • the phases of the transducers in the same transducer group are the same, and the sensitivity, size and rated power are the same.
  • the sound wave superposition principle is used. After the sound waves emitted from the multiple speaker sub-arrays 2 are superimposed, different frequency bands or different signals form different signals.
  • the directivity can also increase the coverage angle of the speaker array, and the sound field in the audience area is evenly distributed to adapt to different movie projection environments. Through the adjustment of the algorithm, the directivity and sound field distribution of the multiple speaker sub-arrays 2 are adjusted.
  • the speaker array can form different directivity in different frequency bands. As shown in Figure 10, by controlling the high-frequency unit, the speaker array can form a specific directivity in the high frequency band. At this time, the array can be in four directions: up, down, left, and right. All achieve sub-band directivity.
  • the adjustment angle of low-band directivity is ⁇ 1
  • the adjustment angle of mid-band directivity is ⁇ 2
  • the adjustment angle of high-band directivity is ⁇ 3. It is responsible for the delay of each transducer in the first transducer group 21 in the low-frequency band.
  • the time unit is t 1
  • the delay unit of the transducer in the second transducer group 22 of the middle frequency band is t 2
  • the delay unit of the transducer in the third transducer group 22 of the high frequency band is t 3
  • v is the speed of sound:
  • the lower frequency of the speaker array on the upper side of the screen needs to be adjusted downward to ⁇ 1 , then from bottom to top, the delay of the first unit is 0, the delay of the second unit is t 3 , and the delay of the third unit is The time bit is 2t 1 , and the delay time of the Nth unit is N-1t 1 .
  • the middle frequency band of the speaker array on the upper side of the screen needs to be adjusted to the left by the angle ⁇ 2 , while the downward adjustment angle is ⁇ 2.
  • the mid-range speaker array is a two-line line array. is 0, the second delay element t 2, a third delay unit delay bit 2t 2, the first N elements is N-1t 3, the first delay unit in the second row is t 2 , the delay of the second unit is 2t 2 , the delay of the third unit is 3t 2 , and the delay of the Nth unit is Nt 2 .
  • the speaker array can make different signals have different directivity, as shown in FIG. 11, because the speaker array processes three-frequency signals, different signals are first filtered into low-frequency signals, intermediate-frequency signals, and high-frequency signals. After the above-mentioned delay algorithm is processed for different frequency bands of different signals, different signals are superimposed on the same frequency band, and then fed to each transducer unit in the speaker array.
  • the two signals are signal 1 and signal 2, respectively.
  • the signals After filtering the signals 1 and 2 respectively, the signals are divided into signal 1 low frequency band, signal 1 middle frequency band, and signal 1 high frequency band.
  • Signal 2 low frequency band, signal 2 medium frequency band, signal 2 high frequency band, and then the six groups of signals are subjected to delay processing according to the above-mentioned directivity adjustment algorithm.
  • the delay amount of each frequency band of signal 1 is determined according to the angle ⁇ 1 , where the signal
  • the delay amount of each frequency band of 1 is determined according to the angle ⁇ 2 .
  • Each signal forms as many channels as the total number of transducers, forming a total of twice the total number of transducers.
  • Each two channels correspond to the same transducer, and finally the two sounds corresponding to the same transducer.
  • the channels are superimposed and fed to the transducer.
  • the sound image of the center channel in the main channel of a traditional movie theater audio system cannot be changed.
  • the sound energy ratio of the upper speaker array and the lower speaker array and the directivity of the array can be used to change the center sound.
  • the audiovisual position of the road For example, when the acoustic environment inside a movie theater is ideal, when the directivity of the upper speaker array and the lower speaker array are in the same area, when the acoustic energy ratio is 1: 1, the sound image position is in the middle area, and the upper speaker is added. Array, pan position can be moved up. Therefore, the sound image position can be moved to an ideal position by adjusting the sound energy ratio and directivity.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有指向性的环屏扬声器阵列及其控制方法，包括多个扬声器子阵列(2)，多个所述扬声器子阵列(2)分布在非透声材料屏幕的四周；本发明中使用非透声材料屏幕的分布多个扬声器子阵列的方案，解决了电影屏幕为非透声材料的主声道扩声问题，使得非透声材料屏幕成为电影屏幕变得可行，并使扬声器阵列实现可调指向性，使不同频段形成不同的指向性。

Description

一种具有指向性的环屏扬声器阵列及其控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种环屏扬声器阵列，尤其是涉及一种适用于国内LED大屏幕的环屏扬声器阵列及其控制方法。
背景技术
近年来，随着国内LED大屏幕显示技术的不断提高，分辨率已完全可以达到专业数字高分辨率投影机的水平，同时屏幕的尺寸也可以不再受限制。市场急迫需要一款能配合LED大屏幕显示视频放映系统的数字影院还音系统。
传统电影院内的幕布屏幕所采用的材料是透声材料，号角式主扩声扬声器系统和超低频音箱一般是放在透声幕布后面工作。但是当电影屏幕为LED屏幕等非透声材料时，传统的主声道的扩声系统就无法使用。采用扬声器阵列可以解决主声道的扩声问题，同时也拥有传统的主声道扩声系统难以实现的很多特点。传统的扩声系统，安装放置完成后，很难改变其指向性。
发明内容
本发明设计了一种环屏扬声器阵列及其控制方法，其解决了以下技术问题：(1)解决了电影屏幕为非透声材料的主声道扩声问题。(2)传统的扬声器系统一旦安装完成后，声场的分布无法改变，并且观众区域声场分布不均匀，部分观众区域听感较差。
为了解决上述存在的技术问题，本发明采用了以下方案：
一种具有指向性的环屏扬声器阵列，其特征在于：包括多个扬声器子阵列(2)，多个所述扬声器子阵列(2)分布在非透声材料屏幕的四周；每个扬声器子阵列(2)由单层换能器组成时,采用全频的声音信号处理方式，扬声器子阵列(2)的第一换能器组(21)负责声音信 号的全频段；屏幕上侧和下侧扬声器子阵列的指向性可以在水平方向实现可调，屏幕左侧和右侧扬声器子阵列的指向性可以在垂直方向实现可调。
一种具有指向性的环屏扬声器阵列，其特征在于：包括多个扬声器子阵列(2)，多个所述扬声器子阵列(2)分布在非透声材料屏幕的四周；每个扬声器子阵列(2)由两层换能器组成时，采用两分频的声音信号处理方式，下层的第一换能器组(21)负责声音信号的低频段，上层的第二换能器组(23)负责声音信号的高频段，低频段与高频段的分频点f 1宜满足以下条件：
Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-000001
其中v为声速，第一换能器组(21)采用1个的换能器直径为d，第二换能器组(22)中的换能器直径为d/2；
此时，上层的第二换能器组为方形组合，当组合成阵列时上侧扬声器阵列为两行线阵列；在高频段可以在水平方向和垂直方向均实现可调性，但垂直方向会产生旁瓣；左侧和右侧扬声器阵列水平方向和垂直方向均实现可调性，但水平方向会产生旁瓣；采用此方案当频率大于v/d时，声场会产生混叠。
一种具有指向性的环屏扬声器阵列，其特征在于：包括多个扬声器子阵列(2)，多个所述扬声器子阵列(2)分布在非透声材料屏幕的四周；每个扬声器子阵列(2)由三层换能器组成时，采用三层不同排列形状的换能器组成，采用三分频的声音信号处理方式，每层对应声音信号的不同频段；其中，下层的第一换能器组(21)，其负责处理声音信号的低频段；中间层的第二换能器组(22)，其负责处理声音信号的中频段；上层的第三换能器组(23)，其负责处理声音信号的高频段；
低频段与中频段的分频点f 2宜满足以下条件：
Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-000002
中频段与高频段的分频点f 3宜满足以下条件：
Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-000003
其中v为声速，第一换能器组(21)采用1个的换能器直径为d，第二换能器组(22)中的换能器直径为d/2,第三换能器组(23)中换能器的直径为d/5；
此时，上层扬声器阵列的指向性可以在水平方向和垂直方向均实现可调，并且指向性中旁瓣较小，声能量较为集中；如果上层换能器的尺寸d/5足够小，在人耳的可听频率内不会产生声场混叠。
一种具有指向性的环屏扬声器阵列的控制方法，包括多个扬声器子阵列(2)，多个所述扬声器子阵列(2)分布在非透声材料屏幕的四周，包括以下步骤：
基于DSP处理技术，使所述环屏扬声器阵列的声信号通过加权、延迟或滤波算法后，利用声波叠加原理，多个扬声器子阵列(2)发出的声波叠加后，使不同频段或不同信号形成不同的指向性，或也可以使扬声器阵列的覆盖角度增加，观众区域内声场分布均匀，适应不同的电影放映环境。
进一步，使不同频段形成不同的指向性如下：通过控制高频单元可以使扬声器阵列在高频段形成特定的指向性，这时阵列可以在屏幕的上下左右四个方向上均实现分频段指向性；低频段指向性的调整角度为θ 1，中频段指向性的调整角度为θ 2，高频段指向性的调整角度为θ 3,负责低频段第一换能器组(21)中各换能器的延时单元为t 1，负责中频段的第二换能器组(22)中换能器的延时单元为t 2，负责高频段的第三换能器组(22)中换能器的延时单元为t 3，v为声速则：
Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-000006
进一步，使不同信号形成不同的指向性如下：
因为扬声器阵列为三分频信号处理，不同的信号首先通过滤波分为低频信号，中频信号，高频信号。对不同信号的不同频段进行上述时延算法处理后，在同一频段上对不同信号进行叠加，然后馈入扬声器阵列中各换能器单元。
进一步，利用上侧扬声器阵列与下侧扬声器阵列的声能比和阵列的指向性改变中置声道的声像位置，通过调节声能比和指向性可以使声像位置移动到理想位置。
该环屏扬声器阵列及其控制方法具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明中使用非透声材料屏幕的四周紧密均匀分布多个扬声器子阵列的方案，解决了电影屏幕为非透声材料的主声道扩声问题，并使扬声器阵列实现可调指向性。。
(2)本发明环屏扬声器阵列容易与LED屏幕进行更好的适配，利于设备的安装，并且可以放置在户外，不受场地的限制。
(3)本发明扬声器阵列可以形成可调指向性，使声场的覆盖角度增加，在不改变设备位置的情况下，仅通过软件调节，使不同频段或不同信号形成不同的指向性，或也可以使扬声器阵列的覆盖角度增加，观众区域内声场分布均匀，适应不同的电影放映环境。
(4)上层扬声器阵列的指向性可以在水平方向和垂直方向均实现可调，并且指向性中的旁瓣较小，声能量较为集中；如果上层换能器的尺寸d/5足够小，在人耳的可听频率内不会产生声场混叠。
(5)利用上侧扬声器阵列与下侧扬声器阵列的声能比和阵列的指向性改变中置声道的声像位置，通过调节声能比和指向性可以使声像位置移动到理想位置。
附图说明
图1：本发明环屏扬声器阵列的安装示意图；
图2：本发明扬声器子阵列的组合示意图；
图3：本发明扬声器子阵列的第一层换能器组示意图；
图4：本发明扬声器子阵列的第二层换能器组分布示意图；
图5：本发明扬声器子阵列的第三层换能器组分布示意图；
图6：本发明扬声器子阵列的多层换能器组组合的侧面示意图。
图7：本发明扬声器阵列的第一层示意图；
图8：本发明扬声器阵列的第二层示意图；
图9：本发明扬声器阵列的第三层示意图；
图10：本发明中环屏扬声器阵列不同频段指向性示意图。
图11：本发明中环屏扬声器阵列不同信号指向性示意图。
图12：本发明中环屏扬声器阵列信号处理流程示意图。
图13：本发明中扬声器子阵列的组合示意图；
附图标记说明：
1—LED屏幕；2—扬声器子阵列；21—第一换能器组；22—第二换能器组；23—第三换能器组。
具体实施方式
下面结合图1至图13，对本发明做进一步说明：
一种环屏扬声器阵列，包括多个扬声器子阵列2，多个扬声器子阵列2分布在非透声材料屏幕的四周。非透声材料屏幕为LED屏幕1或OLED屏幕或其他有显示功能的非透声材料屏幕。
每个扬声器子阵列2由多层不同排列形状的换能器组成。每个扬声器子阵列2由三层不同排列形状的换能器组成，采用三分频的声音信号处理方式，每层对应声音信号的不同频段；其中，下层的第一换能器组21，其负责处理声音信号的低频段；中间层的第二换能器组22，其负责处理声音信号的中频段；上层的第三换能器组23，其负责处理声音信号的高频段。第一换能器组21采用1个的换能器，第二换能器 组22采用4个的换能器，排列成方形。第三换能器组23采用9个换能器并排列成十字形。
如图7-图9所示：当换能器2排列成阵列时下层换能器可以看成是一行线阵列，中间层换能器为两行线阵列，上层换能器组为多个十字阵组成的特殊阵型。
本发明环屏扬声器阵列的控制方法，工作原理如下：
所述扬声器子阵列2中，第一换能器组21采用1个的换能器直径为d，第二换能器组22中的换能器直径为d/2,第三换能器组23中换能器的直径为d/5；
每个扬声器子阵列2由单层换能器组成时,采用全频的声音信号处理方式，第一换能器组21负责声音信号的全频段；上侧和下侧扬声器阵列的指向性可以在水平方向实现可调，左侧和右侧扬声器阵列的指向性可以在垂直方向实现可调。采用此方案当频率大于v/2d时，声场会产生混叠。
每个扬声器子阵列2由两层换能器组成时，采用两分频的声音信号处理方式，下层的第一换能器组21负责声音信号的低频段，上层的第二换能器组23负责声音信号的高频段，低频段与高频段的分频点f 1宜满足以下条件：
Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-000007
其中v为声速；
此时，上层的第二换能器组为方形组合，当组合成阵列时上侧扬声器阵列为两行线阵列。在高频段可以在水平方向和垂直方向均实现可调性，但垂直方向会产生旁瓣。左侧和右侧扬声器阵列水平方向和垂直方向均实现可调性，但水平方向会产生旁瓣。采用此方案当频率大于v/d时，声场会产生混叠。
每个扬声器子阵列2由三层换能器组成时，采用三层不同排列形 状的换能器组成，采用三分频的声音信号处理方式，每层对应声音信号的不同频段；其中，下层的第一换能器组21，其负责处理声音信号的低频段；中间层的第二换能器组22，其负责处理声音信号的中频段；上层的第三换能器组23，其负责处理声音信号的高频段。
低频段与中频段的分频点f 2宜满足以下条件：
Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-000008
中频段与高频段的分频点f 3宜满足以下条件：
Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-000009
此时，上层扬声器阵列的指向性可以在水平方向和垂直方向均实现可调，并且指向性中旁瓣较小，声能量较为集中。如果上层换能器的尺寸d/5足够小，在人耳的可听频率内不会产生声场混叠。
同一组换能器组中的换能器的相位一致，灵敏度、尺寸、额定功率相同。
基于DSP处理技术，使所述环屏扬声器阵列的声信号通过加权、延迟或滤波算法后，利用声波叠加原理，多个扬声器子阵列2发出的声波叠加后，使不同频段或不同信号形成不同的指向性，也可以使扬声器阵列的覆盖角度增加，观众区域内声场分布均匀，适应不同的电影放映环境。通过所述算法的调整，调整多个扬声器子阵列2的指向性和声场分布。
扬声器阵列可以在不同的频段形成不同的指向性，如图10所示，通过控制高频单元可以使扬声器阵列在高频段形成特定的指向性，这时阵列可以在屏幕的上下左右四个方向上均实现分频段指向性。低频段指向性的调整角度为θ 1，中频段指向性的调整角度为θ 2，高频段指向性的调整角度为θ 3,负责低频段第一换能器组21中各换能器的延时单元为t 1，负责中频段的第二换能器组22中换能器的延时单元为t 2，负责高频段的第三换能器组22中换能器的延时单元为t 3，v为声速则：
Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-000012
例如：屏幕上侧扬声器阵列低频段需要向下调整角度为θ 1，则自下而上，第一个单元的延时为0，第二个单元的延时t 3,第三个单元的延时位2t 1，第N个单元的延时为N-1t 1。
屏幕上侧扬声器阵列中频段需要向左调整角度θ 2，同时向下调整角度为θ 2，中频段扬声器阵列为两行线阵列，则自左向右，第一行第一个单元的延时为0，第二个单元的延时t 2,第三个单元的延时位2t 2，第N个单元的延时为N-1t 3，第二行的第一个单元的延时为t 2，第二个单元的延时2t 2,第三个单元的延时位3t 2，第N个单元的延时为Nt 2。
扬声器阵列可以使不同信号形成不同的指向性，如图11所示，因为扬声器阵列为三分频信号处理，不同的信号首先通过滤波分为低频信号，中频信号，高频信号。对不同信号的不同频段进行上述时延算法处理后，在同一频段上对不同信号进行叠加，然后馈入扬声器阵列中各换能器单元。
具体实施步骤如图12所示：两个信号分别为信号1，信号2，首先分别对信号1和信号2做滤波处理后信号分为信号1低频段，信号1中频段，信号1高频段，信号2低频段，信号2中频段，信号2高频段，然后对这六组信号按照上述指向性调整算法做延时处理，其中信号1的各频段的延时量按照角度α 1确定，其中信号1的各频段的延时量按照角度α 2确定。每个信号形成与换能器总数一样多的声道，共形成换能器总数两倍的声道数，每两个声道对应同一换能器，最后同一换能器所对应的两个声道做叠加处理并馈给该换能器。
传统的电影院还音系统中主声道中的中置声道的声像无法改变，在本发明中可以利用上侧扬声器阵列与下侧扬声器阵列的声能比和阵 列的指向性改变中置声道的声像位置。例如：电影院内部声学环境为理想的情况下，当上侧扬声器阵列与下侧扬声器阵列的指向性为同一区域时，声能比为1：1时，声像位置在中间区域，增加上侧扬声器阵列，声像位置可以向上移动。因此可以通过调节声能比和指向性可以使声像位置移动到理想位置。
上面结合附图对本发明进行了示例性的描述，显然本发明的实现并不受上述方式的限制，只要采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种改进，或未经改进将本发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的，均在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种具有指向性的环屏扬声器阵列，其特征在于：包括多个扬声器子阵列(2)，多个所述扬声器子阵列(2)分布在非透声材料屏幕的四周；每个扬声器子阵列(2)由单层换能器组成时,采用全频的声音信号处理方式，扬声器子阵列(2)的第一换能器组(21)负责声音信号的全频段；屏幕上侧和下侧扬声器子阵列的指向性可以在水平方向实现可调，屏幕左侧和右侧扬声器子阵列的指向性可以在垂直方向实现可调。
  2. 一种具有指向性的环屏扬声器阵列，其特征在于：包括多个扬声器子阵列(2)，多个所述扬声器子阵列(2)分布在非透声材料屏幕的四周；每个扬声器子阵列(2)由两层换能器组成时，采用两分频的声音信号处理方式，下层的第一换能器组(21)负责声音信号的低频段，上层的第二换能器组(23)负责声音信号的高频段，低频段与高频段的分频点f 1宜满足以下条件：
    Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-100001
    其中v为声速，第一换能器组(21)采用1个的换能器直径为d，第二换能器组(22)中的换能器直径为d/2；
    此时，上层的第二换能器组为方形组合，当组合成阵列时上侧扬声器阵列为两行线阵列；在高频段可以在水平方向和垂直方向均实现可调性；左侧和右侧扬声器阵列水平方向和垂直方向均实现可调性。
  3. 一种具有指向性的环屏扬声器阵列，其特征在于：包括多个扬声器子阵列(2)，多个所述扬声器子阵列(2)分布在非透声材料屏幕的四周；每个扬声器子阵列(2)由三层换能器组成时，采用三层不 同排列形状的换能器组成，采用三分频的声音信号处理方式，每层对应声音信号的不同频段；其中，下层的第一换能器组(21)，其负责处理声音信号的低频段；中间层的第二换能器组(22)，其负责处理声音信号的中频段；上层的第三换能器组(23)，其负责处理声音信号的高频段；
    低频段与中频段的分频点f 2宜满足以下条件：
    Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-100002
    中频段与高频段的分频点f 3宜满足以下条件：
    Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-100003
    其中v为声速，第一换能器组(21)采用1个的换能器直径为d，第二换能器组(22)中的换能器直径为d/2,第三换能器组(23)中换能器的直径为d/5。
  4. 一种具有指向性的环屏扬声器阵列的控制方法，包括多个扬声器子阵列(2)，多个所述扬声器子阵列(2)分布在非透声材料屏幕的四周，包括以下步骤：
    基于DSP处理技术，使所述环屏扬声器阵列的声信号通过加权、延迟或滤波算法后，利用声波叠加原理，多个扬声器子阵列(2)发出的声波叠加后，使不同频段或不同信号形成不同的指向性，或也可以使扬声器阵列的覆盖角度增加，观众区域内声场分布均匀，适应不同的电影放映环境。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述具有指向性的环屏扬声器阵列的控制方法，其特征在于：使不同频段形成不同的指向性如下：
    通过控制高频单元可以使扬声器阵列在高频段形成特定的指向性，这时阵列可以在屏幕的上下左右四个方向上均实现分频段指向性；低 频段指向性的调整角度为θ 1，中频段指向性的调整角度为θ 2，高频段指向性的调整角度为θ 3,负责低频段第一换能器组(21)中各换能器的延时单元为t 1，负责中频段的第二换能器组(22)中换能器的延时单元为t 2，负责高频段的第三换能器组(22)中换能器的延时单元为t 3，v为声速则：
    Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2018109216-appb-100006
  6. 根据权利要求4所述具有指向性的环屏扬声器阵列的控制方法，其特征在于：使不同信号形成不同的指向性如下：
    因为扬声器阵列为三分频信号处理，不同的信号首先通过滤波分为低频信号，中频信号，高频信号。对不同信号的不同频段进行上述时延算法处理后，在同一频段上对不同信号进行叠加，然后馈入扬声器阵列中各换能器单元。
  7. 根据权利要求1-4所述具有指向性的环屏扬声器阵列的控制方法，其特征在于：利用上侧扬声器阵列与下侧扬声器阵列的声能比和阵列的指向性改变中置声道的声像位置，通过调节声能比和指向性可以使声像位置移动到理想位置。
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CN204362286U (zh) * 2015-01-23 2015-05-27 邹士磊 向上反射增压式扬声器系统

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