WO2020047930A1 - 一种环屏扬声器阵列及虚拟声源的形成方法 - Google Patents

一种环屏扬声器阵列及虚拟声源的形成方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020047930A1
WO2020047930A1 PCT/CN2018/109215 CN2018109215W WO2020047930A1 WO 2020047930 A1 WO2020047930 A1 WO 2020047930A1 CN 2018109215 W CN2018109215 W CN 2018109215W WO 2020047930 A1 WO2020047930 A1 WO 2020047930A1
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transducer
sound source
virtual sound
layer
speaker
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PCT/CN2018/109215
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English (en)
French (fr)
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赵茜
郑建国
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音王电声股份有限公司
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Priority to KR1020207009052A priority Critical patent/KR102283117B1/ko
Priority to US16/758,854 priority patent/US11223902B2/en
Priority to EP18932557.4A priority patent/EP3678384A4/en
Publication of WO2020047930A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020047930A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/02—Spatial or constructional arrangements of loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/403—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers loud-speakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/26—Spatial arrangements of separate transducers responsive to two or more frequency ranges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/028—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein associated with devices performing functions other than acoustics, e.g. electric candles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/401—2D or 3D arrays of transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2430/00—Signal processing covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
    • H04R2430/01—Aspects of volume control, not necessarily automatic, in sound systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2430/00—Signal processing covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
    • H04R2430/03—Synergistic effects of band splitting and sub-band processing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/15—Transducers incorporated in visual displaying devices, e.g. televisions, computer displays, laptops

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ring screen speaker array, in particular to a ring screen speaker array suitable for domestic LED large screens and a method for forming a virtual sound source.
  • the materials used in the screens of traditional movie theaters are sound-transmitting materials.
  • the horn-type main sound reinforcement speaker system and ultra-low frequency speakers are usually placed behind the sound-transmitting curtains.
  • the traditional main channel sound reinforcement system cannot be used.
  • the speaker array can solve the problem of sound reinforcement of the main channel, and it also has many features that are difficult to achieve with traditional main channel sound reinforcement systems.
  • the traditional sound reinforcement system has the best listening point. Only at the best listening point, the sound source position and intensity are correct, and the sense of space is good. Many places inside the cinema are not the best listening points, the sound source location and intensity are biased, and the sense of space is not good.
  • the method of the present invention by using the algorithm to form a virtual sound source can cancel the best listening point in the movie theater, so that the direction and position of the sound source heard by the audience at any position in the movie theater is always correct.
  • the invention designs a ring screen speaker array and a method for forming a virtual sound source, which solve the following technical problems: (1) the problem of sound reinforcement of the main channel of a movie screen which is a non-transparent material. (2) The traditional speaker system has an optimal listening point, and the present invention solves the problem of the optimal listening point. The sound source position is always correct at any position in the movie theater.
  • the present invention adopts the following solutions:
  • a ring screen speaker array is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of speaker sub-arrays (2), and the speaker sub-arrays (2) are distributed around a screen of a non-transparent material.
  • each of the speaker sub-arrays (2) is composed of one or more layers of transducers with different arrangement shapes.
  • the first transducer group (21) adopts a transducer diameter of d, and the transducer diameter in the second transducer group (22) is d / 2.
  • the diameter of the transducer in the third transducer group (23) is d / 5;
  • each speaker sub-array (2) is composed of a single-layer transducer, a full-frequency sound signal processing method is used, and the first transducer group (21) is responsible for the full frequency band of the sound signal;
  • each speaker sub-array (2) is composed of two layers of transducers
  • a two-frequency sound signal processing method is used.
  • the first transducer group (21) in the lower layer is responsible for the low frequency band of the sound signal and the second transducer in the upper layer
  • the energy group (23) is responsible for the high frequency band of the sound signal, and the frequency division point f 1 between the low frequency band and the high frequency band should meet the following conditions:
  • each speaker sub-array (2) is composed of three layers of transducers, three layers of transducers with different arrangement shapes are used, and a three-frequency sound signal processing method is used, and each layer corresponds to a different frequency band of the sound signal; among them,
  • the first transducer group (21) in the lower layer is responsible for processing the low frequency band of the sound signal;
  • the second transducer group (22) in the middle layer is responsible for processing the middle frequency band of the sound signal;
  • the third transducer in the upper layer Group (23) which is responsible for processing high-frequency bands of sound signals.
  • the crossover point f 2 of the low frequency band and the middle frequency band should satisfy the following conditions:
  • the crossover point f 3 of the middle frequency band and the high frequency band should satisfy the following conditions:
  • the phases of the transducers in the same transducer group are the same, and the sensitivity, size and rated power are the same.
  • the first transducer group (21) uses one transducer
  • the second transducer group (22) uses four transducers
  • the third transducer group (23) uses nine transducers.
  • center position of the three-layer transducer group is the same position, which is the center point of the first transducer group.
  • non-transmissive material screen is an LED screen (1) or an OLED screen and other self-emitting screens.
  • a method for forming a virtual sound source is suitable for a situation in which multiple speaker sub-arrays (2) are distributed around a screen of a non-transparent material.
  • the method includes the following steps: the algorithm changes the sound signals of the speaker sub-arrays (2) so that It is equivalent to the sound field generated by the original sound source at this position to form a virtual sound source, which reproduces the time and space characteristics of the original sound field.
  • the signal is first filtered to obtain the three frequency band signals S 1 (w) as low frequency bands and S 2 (w ) Is the middle frequency band, S 3 (w) is the high frequency band, the driving signal of the first layer transducer is D 1 (a), the driving signal of the second layer transducer is D 2 (a), and the third layer transducer is The driving signal of the transducer is D 3 (a); where a represents different positions of the transducer, the distance between the first-layer transducer and the second-layer transducer is L 1 , and the first-layer transducer is third from the third-level transducer.
  • the distance of the layer transducer is L 2
  • the virtual sound source is behind the speaker array and the normal distance from the first layer transducer in the speaker array is y 1
  • the listener is in front of the speaker array
  • the linear distance of the virtual sound source from the transducer is r1
  • j represents the imaginary number
  • w is the angular frequency
  • e is the natural logarithm
  • v is the speed of sound:
  • the speaker sub-array (2) can not only form a virtual sound source behind the array, but also a focused sound source in front of the array, so that the virtual sound source can achieve different depths;
  • the virtual sound source is in front of the speaker array and the distance from the normal of the speaker array is y 3 , the listener is in front of the speaker array, the normal distance of the speaker array from the listener is y 4 , and the virtual sound source
  • the linear distance from the transducer is r 2 ;
  • the driving signal of the first layer transducer is Q 1 (a), the driving signal of the second layer transducer is Q 2 (a), and the The driving signal is Q 3 (a); where a represents different positions of the transducer, the distance between the first-layer transducer and the second-layer transducer is L 1 , and the first-layer transducer is transduced from the third-layer transducer.
  • the distance between the speakers is L 2
  • the virtual sound source is in front of the speaker array and the normal distance from the first layer transducer in the speaker array is y 3.
  • the listener is in front of the speaker array, and the first layer in the speaker array is switched.
  • the normal distance from the listener to the listener is y 4 , where y 4 > y 3
  • the linear distance from the virtual sound source to the transducer is r 2
  • v is the speed of sound
  • j is the imaginary number
  • w is the angular frequency
  • the speaker array (2) can not only realize a single virtual sound source, but also simultaneously realize the reflected sound of the virtual sound source, and only need to form a virtual sound source with the same signal as the virtual sound source at different positions; this At this time, the signal amplitude is attenuated by ⁇ times.
  • the relationship between the drive signal J (a) of the transducer and the original virtual sound source is:
  • ⁇ (w) is a function related to the frequency and reflection coefficient of the reflected sound.
  • a solution in which multiple sub-arrays of speakers are tightly and uniformly distributed around the screen of a non-transparent material screen solves the problem of sound reinforcement of the main channel of a non-transparent material screen of a movie screen, making the screen of non-transparent material a movie The screen becomes viable.
  • the ring screen loudspeaker array of the present invention is easy to better adapt to the LED screen, facilitates the installation of the device, and can be placed outdoors without being restricted by the venue.
  • the present invention can implement virtual sound sources at different depths and positions on the screen. Not limited by the best listening position, no matter where the audience is, the sound image position is always correct and will not change with the change of the audience position.
  • the position of the virtual sound source is not limited to the screen area, but is adjusted in time according to the movie content.
  • the LED screen is naked-eye 3D, it can achieve the effect of audio-visual integration and increase the audience's immersion in watching movies.
  • Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the ring screen speaker array installation of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a combined schematic diagram of a speaker sub-array of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the first layer transducer group of the speaker sub-array of the present invention
  • Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the second-layer transducer group distribution of the speaker sub-array of the present invention
  • Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the third-layer transducer group distribution of the speaker sub-array of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a multi-layer transducer group combination of a speaker sub-array of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a virtual moving sound source of the ring screen speaker array in the present invention.
  • a ring screen loudspeaker array includes a plurality of loudspeaker sub-arrays 2.
  • the loudspeaker sub-arrays 2 are closely and uniformly distributed around a screen of a non-transparent material.
  • the screen of non-transparent material is LED screen 1 or OLED screen.
  • Each loudspeaker sub-array 2 is composed of a plurality of transducers with different arrangement shapes.
  • Each loudspeaker sub-array 2 is composed of three layers of transducers with different arrangement shapes, and adopts a three-frequency sound signal processing method.
  • Each layer corresponds to a different frequency band of the sound signal.
  • the first transducer group 21 in the lower layer which Responsible for processing the low frequency band of the sound signal
  • the second transducer group 22 of the middle layer is responsible for processing the mid frequency band of the sound signal
  • the third transducer group 23 of the upper layer is responsible for processing the high frequency band of the sound signal.
  • the first transducer group 21 uses one transducer
  • the second transducer group 22 uses four transducers
  • the third transducer group 23 uses nine transducers arranged in a cross shape.
  • the control method of the ring screen speaker array of the present invention works as follows:
  • the first transducer group 21 adopts a transducer diameter d
  • the transducer diameter in the second transducer group 22 is d / 2
  • the third transducer group The diameter of the transducer in 23 is d / 5;
  • each speaker sub-array 2 is composed of a single-layer transducer, a full-frequency sound signal processing method is used, and the first transducer group 21 is responsible for the full frequency band of the sound signal;
  • each speaker sub-array 2 is composed of two layers of transducers
  • a two-frequency sound signal processing method is used.
  • the first transducer group 21 in the lower layer is responsible for the low frequency band of the sound signal
  • the second transducer group 23 in the upper layer is used.
  • the crossover point f 1 between the low frequency band and the high frequency band should meet the following conditions:
  • each speaker sub-array 2 is composed of three layers of transducers, three layers of transducers with different arrangement shapes are used, and a three-frequency frequency sound signal processing method is used, and each layer corresponds to a different frequency band of the sound signal;
  • the first transducer group 21 is responsible for processing the low frequency band of the sound signal;
  • the second transducer group 22 of the middle level is responsible for processing the mid frequency band of the sound signal;
  • the third transducer group 23 of the upper level is responsible for processing The high frequency band of the sound signal.
  • the crossover point f 2 of the low frequency band and the middle frequency band should satisfy the following conditions:
  • the crossover point f 3 of the middle frequency band and the high frequency band should satisfy the following conditions:
  • the phases of the transducers in the same transducer group are the same, and the sensitivity, size and rated power are the same.
  • the control method for matching the ring screen speaker array and the screen image of the present invention works as follows: the sound signal of the speaker sub-array 2 is changed by an algorithm to make it equal to the sound field generated by the original sound source at that position to form a virtual sound source and reproduce the original sound The temporal and spatial characteristics of the field.
  • the virtual sound source is realized at different depths and positions of the screen of the non-transparent material, or the virtual sound source is realized at different depths and positions outside the screen of the non-transparent material.
  • the virtual sound source is S and the Fourier transform of the virtual sound source signal is Sw.
  • the signal is filtered to obtain the three frequency band signals S 1 (w) as the low frequency band and S 2 (w) as the middle frequency band.
  • S 3 (w) is a high frequency band.
  • the driving signal of the first layer transducer is D 1 a
  • the driving signal of the second layer transducer is D 2 a
  • the driving signal of the third layer transducer is D 3 a; where a represents the difference of the transducer Position, the distance between the first layer transducer and the second layer transducer is L 1 , and the distance between the first layer transducer and the third layer transducer is L 2.
  • the virtual sound source is behind the speaker array and is The normal distance of the first layer transducer in the speaker array is y 1 , the listener is in front of the speaker array, the normal distance of the first layer transducer in the speaker array is y 2 , and the virtual sound source
  • the straight line distance from the transducer is r 1 ;
  • v is the speed of sound;
  • j is the imaginary number,
  • w is the angular frequency, and e is the natural logarithm; then:
  • the speaker array can not only form a virtual sound source behind the array, but also a focused sound source in front of the array, so that the virtual sound source can achieve different depths.
  • the specific method is as follows: the virtual sound source is in front of the speaker array and the distance from the normal of the speaker array is y 3 , the listener is in front of the speaker array, the normal distance of the speaker array from the listener is y 4 , and the virtual sound source
  • the straight line distance from the transducer is r 2 .
  • the driving signal of the first layer transducer is Q 1 a
  • the driving signal of the second layer transducer is Q 2 a
  • the driving signal of the third layer transducer is Q 3 a. Where a represents different positions of the transducer.
  • the distance between the first layer transducer and the second layer transducer is L 1
  • the distance between the first layer transducer and the third layer transducer is L 2.
  • the virtual sound source is in front of the speaker array and away from the speaker array.
  • the normal distance of the first layer transducer in the middle is y 3
  • the listener is in front of the speaker array
  • the normal distance of the first layer transducer in the speaker array from the listener is y 4 , where y 4 > y 3
  • the straight line distance from the virtual sound source to the transducer is r 2 .
  • v represents the speed of sound
  • the position of the virtual sound source can be changed in real time, and a virtual moving sound source can be formed as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the virtual sound source 1 and the virtual sound source 2 move in real time at different positions of the screen, up, down, left and right, and back and forth.
  • the movement position of the virtual sound source should be consistent with the motion state in the movie image. Realistic cinematic feel.
  • the speaker array can not only realize a single virtual sound source, but also realize the reflected sound of the virtual sound source at the same time. It is only necessary to form virtual sound sources with the same signal as the virtual sound source at different positions. At this time, the signal amplitude is attenuated by ⁇ times.
  • the relationship between the drive signal Ja of the transducer and the original virtual sound source is:
  • ⁇ (w) is a function related to the frequency and reflection coefficient of the reflected sound.
  • the projection environment of many movie theaters is not ideal.
  • the reflected sounds from the real environment can be offset, and the sound environment of the movie theater is compensated, so that the sound environment of the movie theater reaches the best viewing state.
  • This method is not limited by the optimal listening position. No matter which position the audience is in, the sound image position is always correct and will not change with the change of the audience position. And combined with the movie screen content, increase the audience's sense of presence and immersion. At the same time, acoustic compensation can be made for movie theaters with poor acoustic environments, which are all effects that cannot be achieved when the original movie is played back.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种环屏扬声器阵列及虚拟声源的形成方法，包括多个扬声器子阵列(2)，多个所述扬声器子阵列(2)紧密均匀的分布在非透声材料屏幕的四周。本发明中使用非透声材料屏幕的四周紧密均匀分布多个扬声器子阵列的方案，解决了电影屏幕为非透声材料的主声道扩声问题，使得非透声材料屏幕成为电影屏幕变得可行。

Description

一种环屏扬声器阵列及虚拟声源的形成方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种环屏扬声器阵列，尤其是涉及一种适用于国内LED大屏幕的环屏扬声器阵列及虚拟声源的形成方法。
背景技术
近年来，随着国内LED大屏幕显示技术的不断提高，分辨率已完全可以达到专业数字高分辨率投影机的水平，同时屏幕的尺寸也可以不再受限制。市场急迫需要一款能配合LED大屏幕显示视频放映系统的数字影院还音系统。
传统电影院内的幕布屏幕所采用的材料是透声材料，号角式主扩声扬声器系统和超低频音箱一般是放在透声幕布后面工作。但是当电影屏幕为LED屏幕等非透声材料时，传统的主声道的扩声系统就无法使用。采用扬声器阵列可以解决主声道的扩声问题，同时也拥有传统的主声道扩声系统难以实现的很多特点。传统的扩声系统，存在最佳听音点，只有在最佳听音点，声源位置和强度才是正确的，空间感较好。电影院内部很多地方不是最佳听音点，声源位置和强度都有偏差，并且空间感不好。而本发明通过算法形成虚拟声源可以取消电影院内的最佳听音点，使观众在电影院内任何位置所听到的声源方向和位置总是正确的。
发明内容
本发明设计了一种环屏扬声器阵列及虚拟声源的形成方法，其解决了以下技术问题：(1)解决了电影屏幕为非透声材料的主声道扩声问题。(2)传统的扬声器系统，存在最佳听音点，而本发明解决了最佳听音点的问题，在电影院内任何位置声源位置总是正确的。
为了解决上述存在的技术问题，本发明采用了以下方案：
一种环屏扬声器阵列，其特征在于：包括多个扬声器子阵列(2)，多个所述扬声器子阵列(2)分布在非透声材料屏幕的四周。
进一步，每个所述扬声器子阵列(2)由一层或多层不同排列形状的换能器组成。
进一步，所述扬声器子阵列(2)中，第一换能器组(21)采用1个的换能器直径为d，第二换能器组(22)中的换能器直径为d/2,第三换能器组(23)中换能器的直径为d/5；
每个扬声器子阵列(2)由单层换能器组成时,采用全频的声音信号处理方式，第一换能器组(21)负责声音信号的全频段；
每个扬声器子阵列(2)由两层换能器组成时，采用两分频的声音信号处理方式，下层的第一换能器组(21)负责声音信号的低频段，上层的第二换能器组(23)负责声音信号的高频段，低频段与高频段的分频点f 1宜满足以下条件：
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000001
其中v为声速；
或者，
每个扬声器子阵列(2)由三层换能器组成时，采用三层不同排列形状的换能器组成，采用三分频的声音信号处理方式，每层对应声音信号的不同频段；其中，下层的第一换能器组(21)，其负责处理声音信号的低频段；中间层的第二换能器组(22)，其负责处理声音信号的中频段；上层的第三换能器组(23)，其负责处理声音信号的高频段。
低频段与中频段的分频点f 2宜满足以下条件：
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000002
中频段与高频段的分频点f 3宜满足以下条件：
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000003
同一组换能器组中的换能器的相位一致，灵敏度、尺寸、额定功率相同。
进一步，第一换能器组(21)采用1个的换能器，第二换能器组(22)采用4个的换能器，第三换能器组(23)采用9个换能器并排列成十字形。
进一步，三层换能器组的中心位置为同一位置，均为第一换能器组的中心点。
进一步，所述非透声材料屏幕为LED屏幕(1)或OLED屏幕及其它自发光屏幕。
一种虚拟声源的形成方法，该方法适用于多个扬声器子阵列(2)分布在非透声材料屏幕的四周情形，包括以下步骤：通过算法改变扬声器子阵列(2)的声信号，使其等同于原声源在该位置产生的声场从而形成虚拟声源，重现原声场的时间和空间特性。
进一步，假设虚拟声源为S，虚拟声源信号的傅里叶变换为S(w)，首先对信号进行滤波处理，得到三个频段的信号S 1(w)为低频段，S 2(w)为中频段，S 3(w)为高频段，第一层换能器的驱动信号为D 1(a),第二层换能器的驱动信号为D 2(a)，第三层换能器的驱动信号为D 3(a)；其中a代表换能器的不同位置,第一层换能器距第二层换能器的距离为L 1，第一层换能器距第三层换能器的距离为L 2，虚拟声源在扬声器阵列的后方并距扬声器阵列中第一层换能器的法线距离为y 1,听音者在扬声器阵列的前方，扬声器阵列中第一层换能器距听音者的法线距离为y2,虚拟声源距离换能器的直线距离为r1，j代表虚数，w为角频率，e为自然对数，v表示声速则:
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000006
进一步，扬声器子阵列(2)不仅可以形成阵列后方的虚拟声源，也可以形成阵列前方的聚焦声源，这样就使虚拟声源实现不同纵深；
具体方法如下：虚拟声源在扬声器阵列的前方并距扬声器阵列的法线距离为y 3,听音者在扬声器阵列的前方，扬声器阵列距听音者的法线距离为y 4,虚拟声源距离换能器的直线距离为r 2；第一层换能器的驱动信号为Q 1(a),第二层换能器的驱动信号为Q 2(a)，第三层换能器的驱动信号为Q 3(a)；其中a代表换能器的不同位置，第一层换能器距第二层换能器的距离为L 1，第一层换能器距第三层换能器的距离为L 2，虚拟声源在扬声器阵列的前方并距扬声器阵列中第一层换能器的法线距离为y 3,听音者在扬声器阵列的前方，扬声器阵列中第一层换能器距听音者的法线距离为y 4,其中y 4>y 3，虚拟声源距离换能器的直线距离为r 2，v表示声速则，j代表虚数，w为角频率，e为自然对数：
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000009
其中Q *(a)代表Q(a)的共轭。
进一步，所述扬声器阵列(2)不仅可以实现单一的虚拟声源，也可以同时实现该虚拟声源的反射声，只需在不同的位置形成与该虚拟声源相同信号的虚拟声源；此时信号幅度衰减了β倍，换能器的驱动信 号J(a)与原虚拟声源的关系为：
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000012
β(w)为与反射声频率和反射系数有关的函数，通过形成不同位置的反射声可以使观众增加空间感和距离感。当形成的多个不同位置，特定衰减的反射声时，可以使观众感到虚拟声源有混响感，形成可变的混响声。
该环屏扬声器阵列及虚拟声源的形成方法具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明中使用非透声材料屏幕的四周紧密均匀分布多个扬声器子阵列的方案，解决了电影屏幕为非透声材料的主声道扩声问题，使得非透声材料屏幕成为电影屏幕变得可行。
(2)本发明环屏扬声器阵列容易与LED屏幕进行更好的适配，利于设备的安装，并且可以放置在户外，不受场地的限制。
(3)本发明可以在屏幕方向的不同纵深、不同位置上实现虚拟声源。不受最佳听音位置的限制，无论观众处于哪个位置，声像位置总是正确的，不会随观众位置的改变而改变。虚拟声源的位置并不局限于屏幕区域内，而是根据电影内容进行适时调节，当LED屏幕为裸眼3D时，可以实现音画一体的效果，增加观众的观影浸入感。
附图说明
图1：本发明环屏扬声器阵列的安装示意图；
图2：本发明扬声器子阵列的组合示意图；
图3：本发明扬声器子阵列的第一层换能器组示意图；
图4：本发明扬声器子阵列的第二层换能器组分布示意图；
图5：本发明扬声器子阵列的第三层换能器组分布示意图；
图6：本发明扬声器子阵列的多层换能器组组合的侧面示意图。
图7：本发明中环屏扬声器阵列虚拟运动声源示意图。
附图标记说明：
1—LED屏幕；2—扬声器子阵列；21—第一换能器组；22—第二换能器组；23—第三换能器组。
具体实施方式
下面结合图1至图7，对本发明做进一步说明：
一种环屏扬声器阵列，包括多个扬声器子阵列2，多个扬声器子阵列2紧密均匀的分布在非透声材料屏幕的四周。非透声材料屏幕为LED屏幕1或OLED屏幕。
每个扬声器子阵列2由多层不同排列形状的换能器组成。每个扬声器子阵列2由三层不同排列形状的换能器组成，采用三分频的声音信号处理方式，每层对应声音信号的不同频段；其中，下层的第一换能器组21，其负责处理声音信号的低频段；中间层的第二换能器组22，其负责处理声音信号的中频段；上层的第三换能器组23，其负责处理声音信号的高频段。第一换能器组21采用1个的换能器，第二换能器组22采用4个的换能器，第三换能器组23采用9个换能器并排列成十字形。
本发明环屏扬声器阵列的控制方法，工作原理如下：
所述扬声器子阵列2中，第一换能器组21采用1个的换能器直径为d，第二换能器组22中的换能器直径为d/2,第三换能器组23中换能器的直径为d/5；
每个扬声器子阵列2由单层换能器组成时,采用全频的声音信号处理方式，第一换能器组21负责声音信号的全频段；
每个扬声器子阵列2由两层换能器组成时，采用两分频的声音信号处理方式，下层的第一换能器组21负责声音信号的低频段，上层的 第二换能器组23负责声音信号的高频段，低频段与高频段的分频点f 1宜满足以下条件：
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000013
其中v为声速；
或者，
每个扬声器子阵列2由三层换能器组成时，采用三层不同排列形状的换能器组成，采用三分频的声音信号处理方式，每层对应声音信号的不同频段；其中，下层的第一换能器组21，其负责处理声音信号的低频段；中间层的第二换能器组22，其负责处理声音信号的中频段；上层的第三换能器组23，其负责处理声音信号的高频段。
低频段与中频段的分频点f 2宜满足以下条件：
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000014
中频段与高频段的分频点f 3宜满足以下条件：
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000015
同一组换能器组中的换能器的相位一致，灵敏度、尺寸、额定功率相同。
本发明环屏扬声器阵列与屏幕影像配合的控制方法，工作原理如下：通过算法改变扬声器子阵列2的声信号，使其等同于原声源在该位置产生的声场从而形成虚拟声源，重现原声场的时间和空间特性。在非透声材料屏幕方向的不同纵深、不同位置上实现虚拟声源，或者在非透声材料屏幕之外的不同纵深、不同位置上实现虚拟声源。
假设虚拟声源为S，虚拟声源信号的傅里叶变换为Sw，首先对信号进行滤波处理，得到三个频段的信号S 1(w)为低频段，S 2(w)为中频段，S 3(w)为高频段。第一层换能器的驱动信号为D 1a,第二层换能器的驱动信号为D 2a，第三层换能器的驱动信号为D 3a；其中a代表换能器 的不同位置,第一层换能器距第二层换能器的距离为L 1，第一层换能器距第三层换能器的距离为L 2.虚拟声源在扬声器阵列的后方并距扬声器阵列中第一层换能器的法线距离为y 1,听音者在扬声器阵列的前方，扬声器阵列中第一层换能器距听音者的法线距离为y 2,虚拟声源距离换能器的直线距离为r 1；v表示声速；j代表虚数，w为角频率，e为自然对数；则:
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000016
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000018
扬声器阵列不仅可以形成阵列后方的虚拟声源，也可以形成阵列前方的聚焦声源，这样就可以使虚拟声源实现不同纵深。具体方法如下：虚拟声源在扬声器阵列的前方并距扬声器阵列的法线距离为y 3,听音者在扬声器阵列的前方，扬声器阵列距听音者的法线距离为y 4,虚拟声源距离换能器的直线距离为r 2。第一层换能器的驱动信号为Q 1a,第二层换能器的驱动信号为Q 2a，第三层换能器的驱动信号为Q 3a。其中a代表换能器的不同位置。第一层换能器距第二层换能器的距离为L 1，第一层换能器距第三层换能器的距离为L 2.虚拟声源在扬声器阵列的前方并距扬声器阵列中第一层换能器的法线距离为y 3,听音者在扬声器阵列的前方，扬声器阵列中第一层换能器距听音者的法线距离为y 4,其中y 4>y 3，虚拟声源距离换能器的直线距离为r 2。v表示声速则
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000020
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000021
其中Q *a代表Qa的共轭。
通过对虚拟声源信号做上述的处理可以实时改变虚拟声源的位置，就可以形成虚拟运动声源如图7所示。虚拟声源1和虚拟声源2在屏幕的上下左右前后不同位置实时运动，虚拟声源的运动位置应与电影影像中的运动状态保持一致，这样可以使声音和画面产生联动性，形成双3D的逼真观影感。
扬声器阵列不仅可以实现单一的虚拟声源，也可以同时实现该虚拟声源的反射声，只需在不同的位置形成与该虚拟声源相同信号的虚拟声源。此时信号幅度衰减了β倍，换能器的驱动信号Ja与原虚拟声源的关系为：
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-000024
β(w)为与反射声频率和反射系数有关的函数，通过形成不同位置的反射声可以使观众增加空间感和距离感。当形成的多个不同位置，特定衰减的反射声时，可以使观众感到虚拟声源的有混响感，形成可变的混响。
很多电影院的放映环境并不理想，通过对原虚拟声源生成不同位 置的反射声可以抵消来自真实环境中的反射声，对电影院声环境做补偿，使电影院声环境达到最佳观影状态。
这种方法不受最佳听音位置的限制，无论观众处于哪个位置，声像位置总是正确的，不会随观众位置的改变而改变。并且与电影画面内容相结合，增加观众的观影临场感和浸入感。同时可对声环境不佳的电影院做声学补偿，这些均为原电影还音时无法产生的达到的效果。
上面结合附图对本发明进行了示例性的描述，显然本发明的实现并不受上述方式的限制，只要采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种改进，或未经改进将本发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的，均在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种环屏扬声器阵列，其特征在于：包括多个扬声器子阵列(2)，多个所述扬声器子阵列(2)分布在非透声材料屏幕的四周。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述环屏扬声器阵列，其特征在于：每个所述扬声器子阵列(2)由一层或多层不同排列形状的换能器组成。
  3. 根据权利要求3所述环屏扬声器阵列，其特征在于：第一换能器组(21)采用1个的换能器，第二换能器组(22)采用4个的换能器，第三换能器组(23)采用9个换能器并排列成十字形。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述环屏扬声器阵列，其特征在于：三层换能器组的中心位置为同一位置，均为第一换能器组的中心点。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任何一项所述环屏扬声器阵列，其特征在于：所述非透声材料屏幕为LED屏幕(1)或OLED屏幕及其它自发光屏幕。
  6. 一种虚拟声源的形成方法，该方法适用于多个扬声器子阵列(2)分布在非透声材料屏幕的四周情形，包括以下步骤：通过算法改变扬声器子阵列(2)的声信号，使其等同于原声源在该位置产生的声场从而形成虚拟声源，重现原声场的时间和空间特性。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述虚拟声源的形成方法，其特征在于：
    假设虚拟声源为S，虚拟声源信号的傅里叶变换为S(w)，首先对信号进行滤波处理，得到三个频段的信号S 1(w)为低频段，S 2(w)为 中频段，S 3(w)为高频段，第一层换能器的驱动信号为D 1(a),第二层换能器的驱动信号为D 2(a)，第三层换能器的驱动信号为D 3(a)；其中a代表换能器的不同位置,第一层换能器距第二层换能器的距离为L 1，第一层换能器距第三层换能器的距离为L 2，虚拟声源在扬声器阵列的后方并距扬声器阵列中第一层换能器的法线距离为y 1,听音者在扬声器阵列的前方，扬声器阵列中第一层换能器距听音者的法线距离为y 2,虚拟声源距离换能器的直线距离为r 1，j代表虚数，w为角频率，e为自然对数；v表示声速；则:
    Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-100003
  8. 根据权利要求7所述虚拟声源的形成方法，其特征在于：扬声器子阵列(2)不仅可以形成阵列后方的虚拟声源，也可以形成阵列前方的聚焦声源，这样就使虚拟声源实现不同纵深；
    具体方法如下：虚拟声源在扬声器阵列的前方并距扬声器阵列的法线距离为y 3,听音者在扬声器阵列的前方，扬声器阵列距听音者的法线距离为y 4,虚拟声源距离换能器的直线距离为r 2；第一层换能器的驱动信号为Q 1(a),第二层换能器的驱动信号为Q 2(a)，第三层换能器的驱动信号为Q 3(a)；其中a代表换能器的不同位置，第一层换能器距第二层换能器的距离为L 1，第一层换能器距第三层换能器的距离为L 2，虚拟声源在扬声器阵列的前方并距扬声器阵列中第一层换能器的法线距离为y 3,听音者在扬声器阵列的前方，扬声器阵列中第一层换能器距听音者的法线距离为y 4,其中y 4>y 3，虚拟声源距离换能器的 直线距离为r2，j代表虚数，w为角频率，e为自然对数，v表示声速则：
    Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-100006
    其中Q *(a)代表Q(a)的共轭。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述虚拟声源的形成方法，其特征在于：所述扬声器阵列(2)不仅可以实现单一的虚拟声源，也可以同时实现该虚拟声源的反射声，只需在不同的位置形成与该虚拟声源相同信号的虚拟声源；此时信号幅度衰减了β倍，换能器的驱动信号J(a)与原虚拟声源的关系为：
    Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-100007
    Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-100008
    Figure PCTCN2018109215-appb-100009
    β(w)为与反射声频率和反射系数有关的函数，通过形成不同位置的反射声可以使观众增加空间感和距离感。当形成的多个不同位置，特定衰减的反射声时，可以使观众感到虚拟声源有混响感，形成可变的混响声。
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