WO2020043045A1 - 秸秆粪便垃圾连续干发酵一罐式高效能沼气生产器及工艺 - Google Patents

秸秆粪便垃圾连续干发酵一罐式高效能沼气生产器及工艺 Download PDF

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WO2020043045A1
WO2020043045A1 PCT/CN2019/102505 CN2019102505W WO2020043045A1 WO 2020043045 A1 WO2020043045 A1 WO 2020043045A1 CN 2019102505 W CN2019102505 W CN 2019102505W WO 2020043045 A1 WO2020043045 A1 WO 2020043045A1
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Prior art keywords
biogas
tank
isolation device
producer
fermentation
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PCT/CN2019/102505
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杨士均
杨朴
杨仁广
杨沁春
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河南楚汉实业集团有限公司
杨士均
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Publication of WO2020043045A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020043045A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/36—Means for collection or storage of gas; Gas holders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
    • C12M45/04—Phase separators; Separation of non fermentable material; Fractionation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of biogas fermentation devices and processes, and particularly relates to a one-pot high-efficiency biogas producer for continuous dry fermentation of straw manure waste monomers and one-pot advanced fermentation process.
  • Biogas dry fermentation technology is one of the hotspots and key development directions at home and abroad.
  • Biogas dry fermentation is also called solid anaerobic fermentation. It is based on straw, domestic waste and livestock and poultry. Solid organic waste such as faeces is used as raw materials to produce biogas by anaerobic microbial fermentation.
  • the dry matter (TS) content in the reaction system reaches 20% to 40%.
  • Biogas dry fermentation has the advantages of good stability, large processing capacity, less land occupation and water saving.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a continuous dry fermentation one-tank high-efficiency biogas producer and its fermentation process in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, which uses straw, feces, and garbage as raw materials, and has simple equipment and simple processes.
  • Equipment manufacturing and process running costs are low, the floor area is small, the investment is small, the gas production is stable and the gas production rate is high, and the feed is convenient for industrial applications.
  • the continuous dry fermentation one-tank high-efficiency biogas producer includes a producer tank with an open top and an air storage cover provided on the top of the tank and slidingly connected to the tank.
  • the tank body is provided with a double-phase isolation device that can be opened and closed.
  • the air storage hood is provided with a plurality of longitudinal posts.
  • the bi-phase isolation device is provided with a plurality of corresponding matings corresponding to the longitudinal posts. Perforation, the longitudinal poles pass through the dual-phase isolation device through the perforations, and the lower ends of the plurality of longitudinal poles are connected to a fence base.
  • the dual-phase isolation device includes a fixed plate and a movable plate, and the fixed plate and the movable plate are connected through a rotating shaft.
  • a plurality of through holes are respectively arranged on the fixed plate and the movable plate.
  • the through holes of the fixed plate and the movable plate are distributed in a fan shape at intervals.
  • An operating lever is provided on one side of the movable plate, and the operating lever extends outside the tank.
  • a diversion cover with an inverted bell mouth structure is arranged on the movable plate of the dual-phase isolation device, which enhances the communication and stirring effect of the upper and lower plates of the dual-phase isolation device.
  • Rollers are arranged on the peripheral side of the gas storage hood and / or between the longitudinal pole and the inner wall of the tank body to reduce the friction between the gas storage hood and the tank body and improve the stability of the air storage hood.
  • the fence base is provided with a counterweight and / or a counterweight is arranged in the air storage hood through the bracket, which can improve the stability of the device and the pressure of the biogas in the air storage hood.
  • a liquid level observation tube is provided on the other side of the tank body, and a two-way pump is provided on the liquid level observation tube to adjust the two-phase liquid level.
  • the tank body is provided with a feeding port and a feeding device below the dual-phase isolation device.
  • the feeding device may use auger or solid material conveying pump to transfer solid organic materials such as pre-treated straw, domestic garbage, and animal manure. Waste is injected into the tank.
  • the other side of the bottom of the tank is provided with a discharge port and a discharge device.
  • the discharge device can use auger or solid material conveying pump to discharge the biogas residue generated at the bottom of the tank.
  • a biogas gas outlet pipe with a valve is provided on the bottom side of the tank body, and the gas outlet pipe extends upward into the gas storage hood inside the tank body, and the biogas in the gas storage hood is regularly discharged by the gas outlet pipe and the valve for use.
  • a biogas dry fermentation process using the above-mentioned producer characterized in that after the raw materials enter the biogas producer, the aerobic, anaerobic, acid-producing, hydrogen-producing, and methanogenic high-efficiency fermentation is used to produce biogas and output it High-efficiency fermentation using anaerobic, acid-producing, hydrogen-producing, or methane-producing fermentation or one-pot can be used to produce biogas and output.
  • the solid organic matter fermentation raw material of the present application uses any one or more of straw, feces, and garbage as raw materials.
  • the solid organic raw material is pulverized and pulverized to a powder of less than 8 cm.
  • Fermentation then put into the tank, anaerobic fermentation, acid production, hydrogen production, methane production, biogas production in the tank; the third is a combination of the first two, a part of the powder is put into the tank after aerobic fermentation, The other part goes directly into the tank.
  • the powder is directly put into the lower part of the high-efficiency biogas producer, and the aerobic fermentation is performed directly in the tank, so as to achieve rapid energy saving and temperature increase of the tank through biological thermal energy, and then perform high concentration anaerobic in the tank. Fermentation, acid production, hydrogen production, methane production, biogas production, and output under pressure; after the Nth (N ⁇ 2) feeds, the powder is first bagged and placed on the aerobic fermentation provided on the outside of the lower part of the tank of the producer Aerobic fermentation is performed in the space, and the tank is insulated or heated by the biological thermal energy generated by the aerobic fermentation.
  • the raw materials are put into the tank, and the tank is subjected to high-concentration anaerobic fermentation, acid production, hydrogen production, Methane production, biogas production, and output under pressure; in the Nth feeding, part of the powder is directly injected into the tank, so that the temperature distribution in the tank is balanced.
  • the powder is directly put into the tank for aerobic fermentation.
  • the dual-phase isolation device of the producer and the inlet and outlet are open. After the aerobic fermentation is completed, the inlet and outlet are opened. All are closed, and the two-phase isolation device is kept open for high-concentration anaerobic fermentation.
  • the dual-phase isolation device and the discharge port are closed. After the feeding is completed, the feeding port is closed and the dual-phase isolation device is opened.
  • the biogas residue is discharged and can be directly used as an organic fertilizer product.
  • the two-phase isolation device and the feeding port are closed.
  • the monomer continuous dry fermentation high-efficiency biogas generator of the present invention by creatively setting a double-phase isolation device that can be opened and closed in the middle of the tank, effectively collects dry matter in the reaction system in the dual-phase of the lower part of the tank Below the isolation device, the biogas liquid that produces methane is concentrated above the dual-phase isolation device.
  • the biogas produced is collected in a gas storage hood for storage, and the whole body of the producer tank forms a solid, liquid, and gas three-stage structure from bottom to top.
  • the dual-phase isolation device is closed to prevent the feeding from causing fluctuations in the gas production biogas slurry above the isolation device to ensure the continuous stability of gas production.
  • the dual-phase isolation device is opened and the lower layer of dry matter Decomposition provides organic matter raw materials for the upper layer biogas slurry, and realizes the continuous continuous dry fermentation biogas production of monomers.
  • the dry matter (TS) content in the lower layer of the tank can reach more than 50%, and the overall dry matter (TS) content in the reaction system can reach more than 35%.
  • the feed material can be effectively and efficiently decomposed in the lower layer, so that the upper biogas liquid can efficiently produce gas.
  • a single 500 cubic meter tank can produce more than 2000 cubic meters of biogas per day.
  • the air storage hood is connected to the base of the fence below the dual-phase isolation device through the vertical poles, which can effectively lift the air storage hood through the generated biogas, and then drive the fence base to realize automatic stirring of the high-concentration organic materials in the lower layer.
  • the reaction efficiency of organic raw materials enables the lower biogas liquid to automatically flow to the biogas liquid area above the dual-phase isolation device, which improves the nutrient supply to the upper biogas liquid, and the biogas liquid that consumes the nutrients produced by the biogas returns downward due to the effect of the inverted bell mouth shroud.
  • To the lower organic material layer it promotes the flow and exchange of nutrition logistics, guarantees the stability of gas production, and improves the efficiency of biogas production.
  • the monomer continuous dry fermentation biogas producer and its fermentation process of the present invention have simple equipment, simple processes, low equipment manufacturing and process operation costs, high profitability, small footprint, small investment, stable gas production and gas production High rate, convenient feeding and discharging, suitable for industrial applications, and has a large leading role in improving the level of biogas dry fermentation technology in China.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional structural view of a production device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural cross-sectional view of the producer of the present invention perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixing plate in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a movable board in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a structure of a shroud and a movable plate in the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a movable plate and a fixed plate according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of the structure of the fence base in the tank of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart of the continuous one-pot dry fermentation process of the present invention.
  • the one-pot high-efficiency biogas producer for continuous dry fermentation of straw manure waste monomers includes a producer tank 2 with an open top and a sliding connection with the tank 2 provided on the top of the tank 2 Gas storage hood 1, the tank body 2 is provided with a two-phase isolation device 3 that can be opened and closed, the two-phase isolation device 3 includes a fixed plate 3-1 and a movable plate 3-2, and the fixed plate 3-1 It is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tank body 2, and the movable plate 3-2 and the fixed plate 3-1 are connected through the central shaft. A plurality of through holes are respectively arranged on the fixed plate 3-1 and the movable plate 3-2.
  • the through holes between the two plates are mutually When corresponding, when the two-phase isolation device 3 is opened and the through holes between the two plates are misaligned with each other, the two-phase isolation device 3 is closed.
  • An operating lever 3-2-1 is provided on one side of the movable plate 3-2.
  • the operating lever 3-2-1 extends to the outside of the tank body 2, and an operating handle is provided at an end thereof.
  • the operating lever is moved by the operating handle.
  • 3-2-1 can further drive the movable plate 3-2 to rotate and reciprocate, which can realize the opening and closing control of the two-phase isolation device 3.
  • the operation lever 3-2-1 and the tank body 2 are closed by a sealing mechanism. Referring to FIG. 8, an example of a sealing mechanism is given.
  • the sealing mechanism includes an arc-shaped pressure plate 15 which is matched with the tank body 2.
  • the operating lever 3-2-1 passes through the arc-shaped pressing plate 15 and a pressing bolt 17 is provided on the operating lever 3-2-1.
  • a rubber seal is provided inside the arc-shaped pressing plate 15.
  • the air storage hood 1 is provided with a plurality of longitudinal posts 4.
  • the vertical post 4 of this embodiment is connected to the lower part of the air storage hood 1, and the fixing plate 3-1 of the dual-phase isolation device 3 is provided.
  • the upper cloth is provided with a plurality of perforations 3-1-1 corresponding to the longitudinal posts 4; a sealing collar is arranged between the longitudinal posts 4 and the perforations 3-1-1; the radius of the movable plate 3-2 is smaller than the center to the longitudinal posts The distance between the poles 4, or as shown in FIG.
  • the peripheral side of the movable plate 3-2 is provided with an arc-shaped notch 3-2-2 corresponding to the longitudinal pole 4, and the longitudinal pole 4 is provided by the
  • the perforation 3-1-1 passes through the dual-phase isolation device 3, and the lower ends of the plurality of longitudinal posts 4 are connected to a fence base 5.
  • the gas storage hood 1 is disposed in the tank body 2 and is closedly connected to the inner wall of the tank body 2 through a sealing ring 6.
  • the air storage hood 1 and the longitudinal column 4 Rollers 7 are arranged between the inner wall of the tank body 2 to avoid direct contact between the air storage hood 1 and the tank 2 on the one hand, to reduce the friction between the air storage hood 1 and the tank 2 on the other hand, and to effectively improve the storage
  • a side of the tank 2 is provided with a feeding port and a feeding device below the dual-phase isolation device 3.
  • the feeding device may use an auger or a solid material conveying pump to transfer pretreated straw, domestic waste, and Solid organic waste such as animal manure is injected into the tank.
  • the bottom of the tank body 2 is provided with a discharge port and a discharge device.
  • the discharge device can use auger or solid material conveying pump to discharge the biogas residue generated at the bottom of the tank body.
  • the feeding device and the discharging device of this embodiment both use an auger as an example.
  • the feeding auger 8 preferably adopts an inclined structure to facilitate feeding.
  • the feeding auger 8 is provided with a feeding hopper 8-1 and a feeding hopper.
  • the first sealing cover is set on 8-1.
  • the discharge auger 9 also preferably adopts an inclined structure.
  • the upper end of the discharge auger 9 is provided with a slag outlet 9-1 and a second sealing cover is provided on the slag outlet 9-1 to facilitate the return of the biogas slurry when the biogas residue is discharged , Reduce the discharge of biogas slurry, so that the biogas residue discharged from the slag outlet 9-1 can be directly used as organic fertilizer, after the completion of slag discharge, the slag outlet is closed.
  • the upper ends of the feeding auger 8 and the discharging auger 9 are higher than the height of the two-phase isolation device 3.
  • An air pressure gauge 1-1 is provided on the gas storage hood 1, and a pressure type thermometer 2-1 is provided on one side of the tank body 2.
  • the through holes on the fixed plate 3-1 and the movable plate 3-2 of the two-phase isolation device 3 are distributed in a fan-shaped space.
  • the fence base 5 adopts a quadrangular structure, and a fence is arranged inside, so that an air pipe 13 is provided at the inner side of the tank 2.
  • the top of the air pipe 13 extends into the air hood 1, and the lower end is from the tank.
  • the lower part of 2 extends outside the tank body 2 and is provided with a control valve.
  • a liquid level observation tube 10 is provided on one side of the tank body 2, and a two-way pump 11 is provided on the liquid level observation tube 10 to achieve both liquid level observation and dual internal pump body 2 Adjustment and control of the concentration of the biogas slurry on the upper and lower sides of the phase separation device 3.
  • the two-phase isolation device 3 is provided with a shroud 12 having an inverted bell mouth structure.
  • the upper end of the shroud 12 is small and the lower end is large.
  • the size of the lower end of the shroud 12 is smaller than that of the movable plate 3-2.
  • the fence base 5 is provided with a weight and / or a weight is provided in the air storage hood 1 through a bracket, which can improve the stability of the device and the pressure of the biogas in the air storage hood.
  • a straw aerobic fermentation space 14 is provided on the outer side of the producer tank 2 at the lower part, and there are more than eight straw aerobic fermentation spaces 14 for pulverized straw aerobic fermentation to the producer. Use with warming.
  • a one-pot continuous high-efficiency biogas dry fermentation process using the above-mentioned producer characterized in that after the raw materials enter the biogas producer, the one-pot can perform aerobic, anaerobic, acid, hydrogen, and methane production with high efficiency It can produce biogas by fermentation and output or use one-tank for anaerobic, acid, hydrogen and methanogenic fermentation. It can produce biogas and output for use.
  • the solid organic matter fermentation raw material of the present application uses any one or more of straw, feces, and garbage as raw materials.
  • This embodiment takes straw as an example for illustration.
  • the raw straw material is pulverized to a straw powder of 3-8 cm.
  • the two-phase isolation device 3 is opened, the fence base 5 rises with the rise of the gas storage hood 1, and the lower nutrient solution enters the top of the two-phase isolation device 3 to produce acid, hydrogen, and Methane, biogas production, and output under pressure; when the solid content after acid production, hydrogen production, and methane production reaches 50%, the two-phase isolation device 3 and the feed port are closed, and the biogas residue is discharged as a high-efficiency organic fertilizer product.
  • Temporary storage when the solid content after acid production, hydrogen production, and methane production reaches 50%, the two-phase isolation device 3 and the feed port are closed, and the biogas residue is discharged as a high-efficiency organic fertilizer product.
  • N (N ⁇ 2) feedings the straw powder is first bagged and placed in the aerobic fermentation space 14 provided on the lower outer side of the producer tank 2 for aerobic fermentation, and the biological heat generated by the aerobic fermentation is used for Tank 2 is warmed and insulated.
  • the two-phase isolation device 3 is closed, and then put into tank 2 to carry out subsequent processes such as high concentration anaerobic fermentation in tank 2 and subsequent processes.
  • a part of the straw powder can be directly put into the tank body 2 for aerobic fermentation to ensure the tank.
  • the temperature in the body 2 is stable and balanced.
  • the powder is directly put into the tank for aerobic fermentation.
  • the dual-phase isolation device of the producer and the inlet and outlet are open. After the aerobic fermentation is completed, the inlet and outlet are opened. All are closed, and the two-phase isolation device is kept open for high-concentration anaerobic fermentation.
  • the dual-phase isolation device and the discharge port are closed. After the feeding is completed, the feeding port is closed and the dual-phase isolation device is opened.
  • the raw material input methods of the producer of the present invention are divided into three types: the first is that the pulverized powder is directly input into the tank, and aerobic fermentation, anaerobic fermentation, acid production, hydrogen production, and Methane, biogas production; the second is aerobic fermentation of the crushed powder outside the tank, and then put into the tank, anaerobic fermentation, acid production, hydrogen production, methane production, biogas production in the tank; the third It is a combination of the first two types. Part of the powder is put into the tank after aerobic fermentation, and the other part is directly put into the tank.
  • the one-pot continuous high-efficiency biogas production dry fermentation process of the continuous dry fermentation one-pot high-efficiency biogas producer of the present invention includes the one-tank aerobic, anaerobic, and High-efficiency fermentation of acid, hydrogen, and methanogenic fermentation produces biogas and output, or one-tank anaerobic, acid, hydrogen, and methanogenic fermentation produces biogas and high-efficiency fermentation using two processes.

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Abstract

一种秸秆粪便垃圾连续性干发酵一罐式高效能沼气生产器及生产沼气的工艺，沼气生产器包括顶部开口的生产器罐体（2）和设置在罐体（2）顶部与罐体（2）滑动连接的贮气罩（1），罐体（2）内设置有可打开与闭合的双相隔离装置（3），有效将反应体系中的干物质集聚于罐体（2）下部双相隔离装置（3）的下方，产生甲烷的沼液集中于双相隔离装置（3）的上方，生产的沼气集聚于贮气罩（1）内贮存，生产器罐体（2）整体形成由下到上的固、液、气三段结构，原料进入沼气生产器后，一罐式进行好氧、厌氧、产酸、产氢、产甲烷高效能发酵生产出沼气并输出使用或一罐式进行厌氧、产酸、产氢、产甲烷高效能发酵生产出沼气并输出使用，其设备简单、工艺简便，产气稳定，产气率高。

Description

[根据细则26改正23.09.2019]　秸秆粪便垃圾连续干发酵一罐式高效能沼气生产器及工艺 技术领域
本发明属于沼气发酵装置与工艺技术领域，尤其涉及一种秸杆粪便垃圾单体连续性干发酵一罐式高效能沼气生产器及其一罐式先进发酵工艺。
背景技术
在能源短缺、全球变暖、生态环境恶化的大背景下，节能减排、高效利用资源和发展新能源成为全世界的当务之急。据统计,我国已成为世界上固体有机废弃物产出量最大的国家之一，其中农作物秸秆年产量达7亿多吨，可供青贮的茎叶等鲜料约10亿吨，畜禽粪便排放量134亿吨，城市垃圾7万吨以上，随着工农业生产的迅速发展和人口的增加，这些废弃物以年均5％～10％的速度递增，这些废弃物蕴藏着可以被利用的巨大能量，不能良好利用，将是严重的污染源，造成严重的生态环境污染，若能良好利用、变废为宝，则是宝贵的资源。
在众多固体有机废弃物资源化利用的技术中，沼气干发酵技术是国内外研究的热点和重点发展方向之一，沼气干发酵又称固体厌氧发酵,它是以秸秆、生活垃圾和畜禽粪便等固体有机废弃物为原料,利用厌氧微生物发酵产生沼气，反应体系中的干物质(TS)含量达到20％～40％。沼气干发酵具有稳定性好、处理量大、占地少、节水等优点。
在过去的20年间，欧洲沼气工业得到了蓬勃发展，德国上个世纪90年代开始进行间歇式干法沼气发酵技术及工业装备的研发，沼气发酵罐以地上立式圆形为主，罐体内部侧面或顶部中央安装有搅拌器，能耗高，后又发展出干湿同步发酵，用钢筋混凝土建造的干式发酵柜和大体积的循环水储存池，虽然其技术发展到目前，工艺产气稳定，实现了工业化应用，但其占地面积大，工艺复杂、成本高。
我国从20世纪80年代开始了户用沼气干发酵研究，并于本世纪开始开展大中型沼气干发酵技术研究，设计了卧式螺带式搅拌发酵罐、弹性覆膜覆盖厌氧干发酵装置和新型柔性顶膜车库式干发酵装置，以及农业部沼气科学研究所开发的秸杆沼气连续分层发酵技术，采用每天定时、定量从反应器的顶部均匀布料，并按照进料的顺序成层状推压下行，出料依靠自压从底部排出。我国现有的沼气干发酵技术设备和工艺还存在占地面积大、投入成本高、产气率低、产气不稳定、进出料难、传质传热效果差、增温保温功能低等诸多不足之处。并且占地面积大、投入成本高、产气率低、产气不稳定、进出料难一直是困扰我国沼气干发酵技术发展的关键问题，需要进一步开发研究，提升我国沼气干发酵技术水平。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述现有技术的不足，提供一种连续性干发酵一罐式高效能沼气生产器及其发酵工艺，以秸杆、粪便、垃圾为原料，其设备简单、工艺简便，设备制造和工艺运行成本低，占地面积小，投资少，产气稳定且产气率高，进出料方便，适用于工业化应用，对提升我国沼气干发酵技术水平具有较大推动作用。
为实现本发明的目的所采用的技术方案是：该连续性干发酵一罐式高效能沼气生产器，包括顶部开口的生产器罐体和设置在罐体顶部与罐体滑动连接的贮气罩，所述罐体内设置有可打开与闭合的双相隔离装置，所述贮气罩上布设有多个纵向柱杆，双相隔离装置上布设有多个与所述纵向柱杆相对应配合的穿孔，所述纵向柱杆由所述穿孔贯穿过所述双相隔离装置，多个纵向柱杆的下端均与一栅栏底座连接。
所述双相隔离装置包括固定板和活动板，固定板和活动板间通转轴连接，固定板和活动板上分别布设有若干通孔，两板间的通孔相互对应时，双相隔离装置打开，两板间的通孔相互错位时，双相隔离装置闭合。
所述固定板和活动板的通孔均呈扇形间隔分布。
所述活动板一侧设置有操作杆，操作杆延伸至所述罐体外。
所述双相隔离装置活动板上设置有倒喇叭口结构的导流罩，增强双相隔离板上下联通与搅拌作用。
所述贮气罩周侧和/或所述纵向柱杆与所述罐体内壁间布设有滚轮，减小贮气罩与罐体间的摩擦力，并提高贮气罩的稳定性。
所述栅栏底座上设置有配重件和/或贮气罩内通过支架设置有配重件，可提高装置稳定性和贮气罩内沼气气压。
所述罐体另一侧设置有液位观察管，液位观察管上设置有双向泵，起调节两相液位作用。
所述罐体一侧于双相隔离装置下方设置有进料口和进料装置，进料装置可采用绞龙或固体物料输送泵等将预处理的秸秆、生活垃圾和畜禽粪便等固体有机废弃物注入罐体内。
所述罐体底部另一侧设置有出料口和出料装置，出料装置可采用绞龙或固体物料输送泵等将罐体底部产生的沼渣排出。
所述罐体底部一侧设置具有阀门的沼气出气管，出气管于罐体内部向上延伸至贮气罩内，贮气罩内沼气由出气管及阀门控制定时排出供使用。
一种采用上述生产器进行沼气干法发酵的工艺，其特征在于原料进入沼气生产器后，一罐式进行好氧、厌氧、产酸、产氢、产甲烷高效能发酵生产出沼气并输出使用或一罐式进行厌氧、产酸、产氢、产甲烷高效能发酵生产出沼气并输出使用。
本申请的固体有机物发酵原料以秸杆、粪便、垃圾中的任意一种或多种为原料，固体有机物原料经粉碎处理，粉碎至8cm以下粉体，原料投入方式分为三种：第一种是粉碎后的粉体直接投入罐体，在罐体内进行好氧发酵、厌氧发酵、产酸、产氢、产甲烷，产沼气；第二种是粉碎后的粉体在罐体外进行好氧发酵，然后投入罐体内，在罐体内进行厌氧发酵、产酸、产氢、产甲烷，产沼气；第三种是前两种的结合，粉体一部分在罐体外进行好氧发酵后投入，另一部分直接投入罐体。
优选地，第一次投料，直接将粉体投入高效能沼气生产器下部，直接在罐体内进行好氧发酵，实现通过生物热能对罐体的快速节能升温，继而在罐体内进行高浓度厌氧发酵、产酸、产氢、产甲烷，产沼气，并带压输出；后续第N(N≥2)次投料，粉体先装袋置放于生产器罐体下部外侧设有的好氧发酵空间进行好氧发酵，通过好氧发酵产生的生物热能对罐体进行保温或升温，好氧发酵后，将原料投入至罐体内，在罐体内进行高浓度厌氧发酵、产酸、产氢、产甲烷，产沼气，并带压输出；在第N次投料中，将部分粉体直接投入至罐体内，使罐体内温度分布均衡。
生产过程中，第一次直接将粉体投入罐体内进行好氧发酵过程中，生产器的双相隔离装置及进、出料口均为打开状态，好氧发酵完成后，进、出料口均封闭，双相隔离装置保持打开状态，进行高浓度厌氧发酵。第N次投料时，双相隔离装置和出料口闭合，投料完成后，闭合进料口并打开双相隔离装置。
产酸、产氢、产甲烷后的固体物含量达到一定程度时，排出沼渣，可直接作为有机肥产品。排沼渣时，双相隔离装置和进料口闭合。
本发明的有益效果是：
1)本发明的单体连续性干发酵高效能沼气生产器，通过创造性地在罐体内中部设置可打开与闭合的双相隔离装置，有效将反应体系中的干物质集聚于罐体下部双相隔离装置的下方，产生甲烷的沼液集中于双相隔离装置的上方，生产的沼气集聚于贮气罩内贮存，生产器罐体整体形成由下到上的固、液、气三段结构。进料与出料时，双相隔离装置关闭，避免进料对隔离装置上方的产气沼液造成波动影响，保障产气的连续稳定性，进料之后，双相隔离装置打开，下层干物质分解为上层产气沼液提供有机物原料，实现单体连续化干发酵沼气生产。
2)罐体下层干物质(TS)含量可达到50％以上，反应体系整体干物质(TS)含量可达到35％以上，进料物质在下层可有效高效分解，使上层沼液高效产气，单个500立方的罐体中温日产沼气可达2000立方以上。
3)贮气罩通过纵向柱杆与设置在双相隔离装置下方的栅栏底座，有效实现通过产生的沼气将贮气罩顶升，进而带动栅栏底座实现对下层高浓度有机物料的自动搅拌，提高有机 物原料的反应效率，使下层沼液自动向双相隔离装置上方沼液区流动，提高对上层沼液的养料供应，生产沼气消耗过养料的沼液由于倒喇叭口导流罩作用向下回流至下层有机物料层，促进营养物流的流动交换，保障产气稳定性，提高沼气生产效率。
4)本发明的单体连续性干发酵沼气生产器及其发酵工艺，设备简单、工艺简便，设备制造和工艺运行成本低，盈利多，占地面积小，投资少，产气稳定且产气率高，进出料方便，适用于工业化应用，对提升我国沼气干发酵技术水平具有较大引领推动作用。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明：
图1是本发明生产器的剖面结构示意图；
图2是本发明生产器与图1所在面垂直的剖面结构示意图；
图3是本发明中固定板的一种结构示意图；
图4是本发明中活动板的一种结构示意图；
图5是本发明中导流罩与活动板的俯视结构示意图；
图6是本发明中一种活动板与固定板的俯视结构示意图；
图7是本发明中罐体内栅栏底座的一种俯视结构示意图；
图8是一种操作杆密封机构的结构示意图；
图9是本发明的连续化一罐式干发酵工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
参看图1-8：本发明的秸杆粪便垃圾单体连续性干发酵一罐式高效能沼气生产器，包括顶部开口的生产器罐体2和设置在罐体2顶部与罐体2滑动连接的贮气罩1，所述罐体2内设置有可打开与闭合的双相隔离装置3，所述双相隔离装置3包括固定板3-1和活动板3-2，固定板3-1与罐体2内壁固接，活动板3-2和固定板3-1中心通转轴连接，固定板3-1和活动板3-2上分别布设有若干通孔，两板间的通孔相互对应时，双相隔离装置3打开，两板间的通孔相互错位时，双相隔离装置3闭合。活动板3-2一侧设置有操作杆3-2-1，操作杆3-2-1延伸至所述罐体2外，并于其端部设置有操作手柄，通过操作手柄扳动操作杆3-2-1进而可实现带动活动板3-2转动，往复扳动，即可实现对双相隔离装置3的打开与闭合控制。操作杆3-2-1与罐体2间通过密封机构封闭，参看图8，给出一种密封机构示例，密封机构包括与罐体2配合的弧形压板15，弧形压板15设置在与之相配合的槽壳16内，操作杆3-2-1穿过弧形压板15并于操作杆3-2-1上设置有压紧螺栓17，弧形压板15内侧设置有橡胶 密封垫。
所述贮气罩1上布设有多个纵向柱杆4，参看图1-3，本实施例纵向柱杆4与所述贮气罩1下部连接，双相隔离装置3的固定板3-1上布设有多个与纵向柱杆4相对应配合的穿孔3-1-1，纵向柱杆4与穿孔3-1-1间设置密封套环，活动板3-2半径小于其中心到纵向柱杆4间的距离，或者如图6所示，活动板3-2周侧布设有与所述纵向柱杆4是对应配合的弧形缺口3-2-2，所述纵向柱杆4由所述穿孔3-1-1贯穿过所述双相隔离装置3，多个纵向柱杆4的下端均与一栅栏底座5连接。
参看图1、图2，本实施例中贮气罩1设置在罐体2内，并通过密封环6与罐体2内壁封闭连接，所述贮气罩1周侧和所述纵向柱杆4与所述罐体2内壁间布设有滚轮7，一方面避免贮气罩1与罐体2直接接触，减小贮气罩1与罐体2间的摩擦力，另一方面还可有效提高贮气罩1其连接的纵向柱杆4和栅栏底座5的整体稳定性。
参看图1，所述罐体2一侧于双相隔离装置3下方设置有进料口和进料装置，进料装置可采用绞龙或固体物料输送泵等将预处理的秸秆、生活垃圾和畜禽粪便等固体有机废弃物注入罐体内。所述罐体2底部一侧设置有出料口和出料装置，出料装置可采用绞龙或固体物料输送泵等将罐体底部产生的沼渣排出。本实施例的进料装置和出料装置均采用绞龙示例说明，进料绞龙8优选采用斜置结构，便于进料，进料绞龙8上设置进料斗8-1，进料斗8-1上设置第一密封盖板，进料完成之后，便于将进料斗8-1密封盖严。出料绞龙9亦优选采用斜置结构，出料绞龙9的上端设置出渣口9-1，出渣口9-1上设置第二密封盖板，便于排出沼渣时，沼液回流，减少沼液排出量，使出渣口9-1排出的沼渣可以直接作为有机肥料使用，出渣完成后，将出渣口封闭。进料绞龙8和出料绞龙9的上端均高于双相隔离装置3的高度。
所述贮气罩1上设置有气压表1-1，所述罐体2一侧设置有压力式温度计2-1。
优选地，参看图3-5，所述双相隔离装置3的固定板3-1和活动板3-2上的通孔均呈扇形间隔分布。参看图7，所述栅栏底座5采用四边形结构，其内部布设栅栏，便于在罐体2内侧部设置出气管13，参看图2，出气管13顶端延伸至贮气罩1内，下端由罐体2的下部延伸到罐体2外并设有控制阀。
进一步作为优选方案，参看图2，所述罐体2一侧设置有液位观察管10，液位观察管10上设置有双向泵11，既实现液位观察，又可以实现罐体2内双相隔离装置3上下两侧沼液浓度的调节控制。
再一步作为优选方案，参看1、2、5，所述双相隔离装置3上设置有倒喇叭口结构的导流罩12，导流罩12上端小下端大，导流罩12下端设置在双相隔离装置3的活动板3-2上，导流罩12下端尺寸小于活动板3-2的尺寸，当沼液提升时，沼液通过导流罩12内到达 顶部，再从导流罩12外侧向下回流，实现对罐体2内沼液的自动搅拌，提高沼气生产效率。
再一步优选地，所述栅栏底座5上设置有配重件和/或贮气罩1内通过支架设置有配重件，可提高装置稳定性和贮气罩内沼气气压。
再一步优选地，所述生产器罐体2外侧于其下部设有秸杆好氧发酵空间14，秸杆好氧发酵空间14为八个以上，供粉碎后的秸杆好氧发酵给生产器加温使用。
一种采用上述生产器进行一罐式连续性高效能沼气干法发酵的工艺，其特征在于原料进入沼气生产器后，一罐式进行好氧、厌氧、产酸、产氢、产甲烷高效能发酵生产出沼气并输出使用或一罐式进行厌氧、产酸、产氢、产甲烷高效能发酵生产出沼气并输出使用。
具体地，本申请的固体有机物发酵原料以秸杆、粪便、垃圾中的任意一种或多种为原料，本实施例以秸杆为例，示例说明。
参看图9，秸杆原料经粉碎处理，粉碎至3-8cm的秸杆粉体，
第一次投料时，直接将秸杆粉体投入高效能沼气生产器的罐体2下部，并加入石灰水，双相隔离装置3和进、出料口均保护打开状态，在罐体2内进行好氧发酵，使罐体2快速升温，3-8天原料升温至60±5℃时，加入氨水或粪便或生活污水，进、出料口闭合，继而在罐体2内进行高浓度厌氧发酵，并加入总体量25％的沼液，双相隔离装置3打开，栅栏底座5随贮气罩1上升而上升，下部营养液进入双相隔离装置3上方，产酸、产氢、产甲烷，产沼气，并带压输出使用；产酸、产氢、产甲烷后的固体物含量达到50％时，双相隔离装置3和进料口闭合，排出沼渣，作为高效有机肥商品，入库暂存。
后续第N(N≥2)次投料，秸杆粉体先装袋置放于生产器罐体2下部外侧设有的好氧发酵空间14进行好氧发酵，通过好氧发酵产生的生物热能对罐体2进行加温和保温，好氧发酵后，在双相隔离装置3闭合的状态下，再投入至罐体2内，在罐体2内进行高浓度厌氧发酵等后续工艺，后续工艺同上述第一次投料的工艺；其中，优选地，在第N次投料中，可以根据罐体2内温度情况，将部分秸杆粉体直接投入至罐体2内进行好氧发酵，保障罐体2内的温度稳定并均衡。
生产过程中，第一次直接将粉体投入罐体内进行好氧发酵过程中，生产器的双相隔离装置及进、出料口均为打开状态，好氧发酵完成后，进、出料口均封闭，双相隔离装置保持打开状态，进行高浓度厌氧发酵。第N次投料时，双相隔离装置和出料口闭合，投料完成后，闭合进料口并打开双相隔离装置。概括来说，本发明生产器的原料投入方式分为三种：第一种是粉碎后的粉体直接投入罐体，在罐体内进行好氧发酵、厌氧发酵、产酸、产氢、产甲烷，产沼气；第二种是粉碎后的粉体在罐体外进行好氧发酵，然后投入罐体内，在罐体内进行厌氧发酵、产酸、产氢、产甲烷，产沼气；第三种是前两种的结合，粉体一部分在罐体 外进行好氧发酵后投入，另一部分直接投入罐体。
最终，本发明的连续性干发酵一罐式高效能沼气生产器的一罐式连续性高效能沼气生产干法发酵工艺包括原料进入沼气生产器后，一罐式进行好氧、厌氧、产酸、产氢、产甲烷高效能发酵生产出沼气并输出使用或一罐式进行厌氧、产酸、产氢、产甲烷高效能发酵生产出沼气并输出使用两种工艺。
本发明的技术方案并不限制于本发明所述的实施例的范围内，本发明的技术保护范围以权利要求书为准，本发明未详尽描述的技术内容均为公知技术。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种秸杆粪便垃圾连续性干发酵一罐式高效能沼气生产器，包括顶部开口的生产器罐体和设置在罐体顶部与罐体滑动连接的贮气罩，其特征在于：所述罐体内设置有可打开与闭合的双相隔离装置，所述贮气罩上布设有多个纵向柱杆，双相隔离装置上布设有多个与纵向柱杆相对应配合的穿孔，所述纵向柱杆由所述穿孔贯穿过所述双相隔离装置，多个纵向柱杆的下端均与一栅栏底座连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的沼气生产器，其特征在于：所述双相隔离装置包括固定板和活动板，固定板和活动板间通转轴连接，固定板和活动板上分别布设有若干通孔，两板间的通孔相互对应时，双相隔离装置打开，两板间的通孔相互错位时，双相隔离装置闭合。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的沼气生产器，其特征在于：所述固定板和活动板的通孔均呈扇形间隔分布。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的沼气生产器，其特征在于：所述活动板一侧设置有操作杆，操作杆通过设置在所述罐体上的密封机构延伸至所述罐体外。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的沼气生产器，其特征在于：所述双相隔离装置上设置有倒喇叭口结构的导流罩。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的沼气生产器，其特征在于：所述贮气罩周侧和/或所述纵向柱杆与所述罐体内壁间布设有滚轮。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的沼气生产器，其特征在于：所述栅栏底座上设置有配重件和/或贮气罩内通过支架设置有配重件。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的沼气生产器，其特征在于：所述罐体另一侧设置有液位观察管，液位观察管上设置有双向泵。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的沼气生产器，其特征在于：所述罐体一侧于双相隔离装置下方设置有进料口和进料装置，所述罐体底部另一侧设置有出料口和出料装置。
  10. 一种使用权利要求1-9任一所述沼气生产器生产沼气的工艺，其特征在于：原料进入沼气生产器后，一罐式进行好氧、厌氧、产酸、产氢、产甲烷高效能发酵生产出沼气并输出使用或一罐式进行厌氧、产酸、产氢、产甲烷高效能发酵生产出沼气并输出使用。
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