WO2020042628A1 - 扩散消声装置、扩散共振消声装置、全频扩散消声装置、通风通道消声系统及其消声方法 - Google Patents

扩散消声装置、扩散共振消声装置、全频扩散消声装置、通风通道消声系统及其消声方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020042628A1
WO2020042628A1 PCT/CN2019/082956 CN2019082956W WO2020042628A1 WO 2020042628 A1 WO2020042628 A1 WO 2020042628A1 CN 2019082956 W CN2019082956 W CN 2019082956W WO 2020042628 A1 WO2020042628 A1 WO 2020042628A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diffusion
muffler
resonance
channel
full
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/082956
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张晓杰
干灵锋
汪远东
康健
Original Assignee
正升环境科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201810996138.XA external-priority patent/CN108800517B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810998335.5A external-priority patent/CN108831431B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810998332.1A external-priority patent/CN108800518B/zh
Application filed by 正升环境科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 正升环境科技股份有限公司
Priority to US16/621,554 priority Critical patent/US11536487B2/en
Publication of WO2020042628A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020042628A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/161—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general in systems with fluid flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/24—Means for preventing or suppressing noise
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/24—Means for preventing or suppressing noise
    • F24F2013/245—Means for preventing or suppressing noise using resonance

Definitions

  • the present application relates to ventilation muffler, and in particular, to a diffusion muffler device, a diffusion resonance muffler device, a full-frequency diffusion muffler device, a ventilation channel muffler system, and a muffler method thereof.
  • a muffler is a device that can allow air flow to pass smoothly and attenuate sound energy effectively.
  • Ventilation muffler can be roughly divided into resistive muffler, resistant muffler, impedance composite muffler and vented pressure relief muffler according to its muffler principle and structure.
  • Resistive muffler is the most commonly used type of muffler in ventilation muffler systems.
  • Resistive muffler is a mechanism that uses sound waves to dissipate sound energy into heat and dissipate heat due to the propagation of sound waves in sound-absorbing materials or structures. purpose.
  • resistive mufflers have become very common in practical engineering applications.
  • Common types include sheet mufflers, matrix mufflers, folded plate mufflers and various derivative products.
  • Their muffler principle is through the use of fiber-based porous sound-absorbing materials.
  • the sound absorption performance achieves the purpose of sound attenuation.
  • the inventors of the present application have found in research that the typical muffler characteristics of this type of muffler are good mid-frequency muffler performance, but for low frequency bands, due to the limitations of fiber-based porous sound-absorbing materials, its muffler performance is poor. .
  • For high-frequency bands due to the high-frequency failure of the resistive muffler, the amount of noise reduction at high frequencies also decreases significantly.
  • the attenuation of the distance is fast.
  • the amount of high-frequency noise reduction can basically meet the engineering requirements, but in the low and medium frequency bands, especially the low frequency band, the noise reduction is small. How to improve the low-frequency noise reduction performance in the ventilation channel and effectively achieve the ventilation noise reduction effect is a technical problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
  • the object of the present application includes providing a diffusion muffler, a diffusion resonance muffler, a full-frequency diffusion muffler, a ventilation channel muffler system, and a muffler method thereof. Solve or improve the above problems.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a diffusion muffler device applied to a ventilation channel.
  • the diffusion muffler device includes a plurality of diffusion muffler units disposed along a ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel, and the plurality of diffusion mufflers.
  • the units are arranged side by side along a direction that is at a predetermined angle with the ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel, and a muffling channel is formed between two adjacent diffusion muffler units, wherein each of the diffusion muffler units includes at least one diffusion
  • Each of the diffusers includes a plurality of convex portions, so that when sound waves enter the sound attenuation channel, sound attenuation occurs after multiple reflections in the sound attenuation channel through the plurality of convex portions.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a diffusion resonance muffler including the above-mentioned diffusion muffler.
  • each of the two diffusers forms a diffusion resonance structure.
  • a convex portion on one diffuser of the diffusion resonance structure is a first convex portion
  • a convex portion on the other diffuser is a second convex portion, between a plurality of the first convex portions and a plurality of the second convex portions.
  • One-to-one corresponding splicing forms a cavity; along the ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel, a plurality of the diffusion resonance structures in the diffusion muffler unit are connected in order to form a diffusion resonance muffler unit;
  • a muffling channel is formed between two adjacent diffusion resonance muffler units, and when a sound wave enters the muffler channel, it diffuses in the muffler channel multiple times through a plurality of the first convex portions and the second convex portion. Sound attenuation occurs after reflection and absorption through the resonance of each of the cavities.
  • the predetermined angle is 90 degrees.
  • the diffusion resonance structure is made of a hard surface material, wherein the hard surface material includes one or more of glass fiber reinforced gypsum, glass fiber reinforced concrete, wood material, and particle board material. combination.
  • the diffusion resonance muffler unit includes at least two columns of diffusion resonance structures arranged up and down correspondingly, and the number of the diffusion resonance structures in each column is at least two.
  • two adjacent diffusion resonance structures are fixedly connected by a metal gasket bolt.
  • the edge region of the top end and / or the bottom end between two adjacent diffusion resonance structures is fixed by a metal card.
  • both the upper and lower ends of the diffusion resonance muffler unit are closed.
  • the protrusion height of each of the first protrusions or the second protrusions of the diffusion resonance structure is 25 mm-250 mm.
  • a distance between two adjacent diffusion resonance muffler units ranges from 50 mm to 500 mm.
  • each of the first convex portions and the corresponding second convex portions are connected by structural glue or bolts to form a corresponding cavity.
  • it further comprises a fixing structure configured to fix a plurality of side-by-side diffusion resonance muffler units and a ventilation channel
  • the fixing structure includes a fixed rectangular tube, and is arranged on the fixed rectangular tube to configure each rectangular tube.
  • the angle resonance steel of the diffusion resonance muffler unit is fixed on the fixed rectangular tube, and the expansion bolts provided at both ends of the fixed rectangular tube and configured to be fixed to both sides of the ventilation channel.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a full-frequency diffusion muffler including the above-mentioned diffusion resonance muffler.
  • the first convex portion of the diffusion resonance muffler is provided with a first metal orifice plate on the outer side and the second convex portion is provided on the outer side with the first metal orifice plate.
  • the area between the first convex portion and the first metal orifice plate, and the area between the second convex portion and the second metal orifice plate are both filled with a porous sound absorbing material, and the porous absorbing material.
  • the acoustic material, the first metal orifice plate, the second metal orifice plate, and the diffusion resonance structure together form a full-frequency diffusion and muffler structure; along the ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel, the full-frequency diffusion in the same row
  • the muffler structure together constitutes a full-frequency diffusion muffler unit;
  • the sound wave When the sound wave enters the noise elimination channel, the sound is passed through the first metal orifice plate or the second metal orifice plate, and then the porous sound-absorbing material is used for high-frequency sound attenuation, and the sound waves pass through a plurality of first protrusions and the second
  • the convex portion diffuses and reflects multiple times in the silencing channel, and sound attenuation occurs after passing through the resonance sound absorption of each cavity.
  • the porous sound-absorbing material is one or more of glass wool, rock wool, slag wool, polyurethane foam, vitrified beads, and particle board.
  • the thickness of each of the first convex portions and / or the second convex portions of the full-frequency diffusion sound-absorbing structure ranges from 5 mm to 50 mm.
  • the fixing structure configured to fixedly connect each full-frequency diffusion and muffler unit to the ventilation channel
  • the fixing structure includes a contact portion and a first fixing portion provided at opposite ends of the contact portion.
  • a second fixing portion, a plurality of first bolts, and a plurality of second bolts, a first clamping portion and a first clamping portion are formed between two sides of the first fixing portion and the second fixing portion opposite to the contact portion.
  • Two clamping portions, the first clamping portion and the second clamping portion are configured to clamp a side end of each of the full-frequency diffusion muffler units;
  • the bottom of the first fixing portion is provided with a plurality of first fixing holes
  • the bottom of the second fixing portion is provided with a plurality of second fixing holes.
  • Each of the first bolts passes through the corresponding first fixing hole and The ventilation channel is fixed
  • each of the second bolts is fixed to the ventilation channel through a corresponding second fixing hole, so as to fix each of the full-frequency diffusion muffler unit and the ventilation channel.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a diffusion resonance muffler device applied to a ventilation channel.
  • the diffusion resonance muffler device includes a plurality of diffusion resonance muffler units disposed along a ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel.
  • a plurality of diffusion resonance muffler units are arranged side by side along a direction that forms a predetermined angle with a ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel, and an adjacent two diffusion resonance muffler units form a muffling channel, wherein each of the diffusion resonance units
  • the muffler unit includes at least one diffusion resonance structure, and each of the diffusion resonance structures includes: a plurality of first convex portions and a second convex portion opposite to each other; each of the first convex portion and a corresponding second convex portion Splicing to form a corresponding cavity; when a sound wave enters the silencing channel, it diffuses and reflects in the silencing channel multiple times through a plurality of the first convex portions and the second convex portion, and
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a full-frequency diffusion muffler device applied to a ventilation channel.
  • the full-frequency diffusion muffler device includes a plurality of full-frequency diffusion muffler units disposed along a ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel.
  • the plurality of full-frequency diffusion muffler units are arranged side by side in a direction at a predetermined angle with the ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel, and two adjacent full-frequency diffusion muffler units form a muffling channel between each;
  • the full-frequency diffusion muffler unit includes at least one full-frequency diffusion muffler structure, and each of the full-frequency diffusion muffler structures includes: a first metal orifice plate; a second metal orifice plate; and disposed on the first metal orifice plate A plurality of oppositely disposed first convex portions and second convex portions between the second metal orifice plate and each of the first convex portions and the corresponding second convex portions are spliced to form a corresponding cavity ; And a porous sound absorbing material filled in a region between the first convex portion and the second convex portion and the first metal orifice plate and the second metal orifice plate;
  • a sound wave When a sound wave enters the sound attenuation channel, it passes through the first metal orifice plate or the second metal orifice plate in sequence and then passes through the porous sound absorbing material for high-frequency sound attenuation, and then passes through a plurality of first convex portions and The second convex portion diffuses and reflects multiple times in the silencing passage, and then undergoes sound attenuation after passing through the resonance sound absorption of each of the cavities.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a ventilation channel muffler system, including the above-mentioned diffusion muffler device, the diffusion muffler device is installed in the ventilation channel, and is configured to muffle sound waves entering the ventilation channel; or, including the above Diffusion resonance muffler, which is installed in a ventilation channel and is configured to muffle sound waves entering the ventilation channel; or, including the above-mentioned full-frequency diffusion muffler, the full-frequency diffusion muffler is installed Within the ventilation channel, it is configured to muffle sound waves entering the ventilation channel.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a noise reduction method, which adopts the above ventilation channel noise reduction system.
  • the noise reduction process includes:
  • the convex parts on both sides of the muffler channel diffuse and reflect sound waves
  • the sound wave flows out of the outlet of the ventilation channel after the noise reduction process of the sound reduction channel.
  • the diffusion muffler device and the ventilation channel muffler system provided in the embodiments of the present application include a plurality of diffusion muffler units arranged along the ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel, and the multiple diffusion muffler units are predetermined along the ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel.
  • the directions of the angles are arranged side by side, and a muffling channel is formed between two adjacent diffusion muffler units.
  • Each diffuser and muffler unit includes at least one diffuser, and each diffuser includes a plurality of convex portions, so that when sound waves enter the muffler channel, the sound attenuation occurs after multiple reflections in the muffler channel through the plurality of convex portions.
  • the diffuser is used to diffuse and reflect the sound waves, so that the sound waves are reflected multiple times in a channel similar to a resistive muffler. In this way, the multiple reflections of the sound waves can attenuate the sound in the narrow and long channels, thereby improving the ventilation channels. Low-frequency noise reduction performance, which effectively achieves ventilation noise reduction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a diffusion muffler device according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the diffuser provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a second schematic structural diagram of a diffuser according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a third schematic structural diagram of a diffuser according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a fourth schematic structural diagram of a diffuser according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a fifth schematic structural diagram of a diffuser according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a sixth schematic structural diagram of a diffuser according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is one of the installation structure diagrams of the diffusion muffler device provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is the second schematic diagram of the installation structure of the diffusion muffler device according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a first fixing structure shown in FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a diffusion resonance muffler device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the diffusion resonance structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a second structural schematic diagram of a diffusion resonance structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a third structural schematic diagram of a diffusion resonance structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a diffusion resonance muffler installed in a ventilation channel according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • 16 is a three-view view of a diffusion resonance muffler device installed in a ventilation channel according to an embodiment of the present application
  • 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a full-frequency diffusion muffler device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of a full-frequency diffusion muffler structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 19 is a second structural schematic diagram of a full-frequency diffusion muffler structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 20 is a third structural schematic diagram of a full-frequency diffusion muffler structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 21 is a schematic structural view of a front view of a full-frequency diffusion muffler installed in a ventilation channel according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a full-frequency diffusion muffler installed in a ventilation channel according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic exploded view of the second fixing structure shown in FIG. 15.
  • Icon 100-diffusive resonance muffler; 110-diffusive resonance muffler unit; 120-diffusive resonance structure; 132-first convex portion; 134-second convex portion; 140-first fixed structure; 142-fixed rectangular tube 144-angle steel; 146-expansion bolt; 150-metal gasket bolt; 160-metal card; 200-ventilation channel; 300-full frequency diffusion muffler; 310-full frequency diffusion muffler unit; 320-full frequency diffusion Sound-absorbing structure; 321-first metal orifice plate; 322-second metal orifice plate; 323-porous sound-absorbing material; 330-second fixing structure; 331-contact portion; 332-first fixing portion; 333-second Fixing section; 334-first bolt; 335-second bolt; 336-first fixing hole; 337-second fixing hole; 400-diffused muffler; 410-diffused muffler unit; 420-diffused body; 430- Con
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a diffusion muffler device 400 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the diffusion muffler device 400 can be used in the field of ventilation and muffler.
  • it can be installed in a ventilation channel to achieve noise reduction and noise reduction in the ventilation channel.
  • a ventilation channel to achieve noise reduction and noise reduction in the ventilation channel.
  • those skilled in the art can also It is required to use the diffusion muffler 400 in any other enclosed space.
  • the diffusion muffler device 400 may include a plurality of diffusion muffler units 410 (only four are shown in FIG. 1) provided along the ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel.
  • the ventilation extending direction of the channel is arranged side by side at a predetermined angle, and a muffling channel is formed between two adjacent diffusion and muffler units 410.
  • Each diffuser and muffler unit 410 includes at least one diffuser 420 (only two are shown in FIG. 1), and each diffuser 420 includes a plurality of convex portions 430 (only three are shown in FIG. 1) to allow sound waves to enter In the noise reduction channel, sound attenuation occurs after multiple reflections in the noise reduction channel through the plurality of convex portions 430.
  • this embodiment avoids the use of fibrous materials by adopting a diffuser structure, which is healthier and environmentally friendly, and effectively reduces production costs.
  • the diffuser is used to diffuse and reflect the sound waves, so that the sound waves are reflected multiple times in a channel similar to a resistive muffler. In this way, multiple reflections of the sound waves can attenuate the sound in the narrow and long channels, thereby improving the ventilation channel Internal low frequency noise reduction performance, which can effectively achieve ventilation noise reduction.
  • each convex portion 430 of the diffuser 420 can be set according to the scene requirements of the actual ventilation channel.
  • a semi-cylinder with a cavity can be used.
  • a solid semi-cylinder can be used.
  • a rectangular body with a cavity may be used.
  • a solid rectangular body may be used.
  • a cavity cone may be used.
  • a solid cone may be used. It can be understood that, in actual design, each convex portion 430 is not limited to the aforementioned shapes.
  • the diffusion muffler device 400 may further include a first fixing structure 140 (also referred to as a fixed structure) for fixing a plurality of side-by-side diffusion muffler units 410 and the ventilation channel 200.
  • the first fixed structure 140 may include a fixed rectangular tube 142, angle steels 144 provided on the fixed rectangular tube 142 for fixing each diffuser muffler unit 410 on the fixed rectangular tube 142, and two ends of the fixed rectangular tube 142 Expansion bolts 146 for fixing to both sides of the ventilation channel 200.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a diffusion resonance muffler device 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the diffusion resonance muffler device 100 can be used in the field of ventilation and noise reduction, for example, it is installed in a ventilation channel to achieve noise reduction and noise reduction in the ventilation channel.
  • the diffusion resonance muffler 100 is used in any other enclosed space.
  • the diffusion resonance muffler device 100 may include the above-mentioned diffusion muffler device 410.
  • every two diffusers 420 form a diffusion resonance structure 120, and the diffusion resonance structure 120.
  • the convex portion 430 on one of the diffusers 420 is the first convex portion 132, and the convex portion 430 on the other diffuser 420 is the second convex portion 134.
  • One-to-one corresponding splicing forms a cavity; along the ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel 200, in the diffusion muffler unit 410, a plurality of diffusion resonance structures 120 are sequentially connected to form a diffusion resonance muffler unit 110;
  • a muffler channel is formed between two adjacent diffusion resonance muffler units 110, and when a sound wave enters the muffler channel, a plurality of the first convex portions 132 and the second convex portions 134 are in the muffler channel. Sound attenuation occurs after multiple diffuse reflections and resonance absorption through each of the cavities.
  • the diffusion resonance muffler device 100 may include a ventilation extension direction provided in the ventilation channel.
  • a plurality of diffusion resonance muffler units 110 (only four are shown in FIG. 11).
  • the plurality of diffusion resonance muffler units 110 are arranged side by side in a direction at a predetermined angle with the ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel.
  • Two adjacent diffusion resonance units A muffling channel is formed between the muffling units 110, wherein each diffusion resonance muffler unit 110 includes at least one diffusion resonance structure 120 (only two are shown in FIG. 11).
  • Each diffusion resonance structure 120 includes a plurality of first convex portions 132 and second convex portions 134 opposite to each other. Each first convex portion 132 and a corresponding second convex portion 134 are spliced to form a corresponding cavity. When the sound wave enters the muffler channel, the sound is attenuated by multiple diffuse reflections in the muffler channel through the plurality of first convex portions 132 and the second convex portions 134 and passing through the resonance of each cavity.
  • the present embodiment adopts the diffusion resonance structure 120, which eliminates the need for fiberizing materials, is more healthy and environmentally friendly, and effectively reduces production costs.
  • the sound when the sound wave enters the muffler channel, the sound can be diffused and reflected multiple times in the muffler channel through the plurality of first convex portions 132 and the second convex portions 134, and sound attenuation occurs after passing through the resonant sound absorption of each cavity, which can improve
  • the low-frequency noise cancellation performance in the ventilation channel can effectively achieve the ventilation noise reduction effect. If only the diffuser is used to mute the low-frequency sound waves, the size of the diffuser is required.
  • the width of the diffuser unit is required to be about 1m, and the dimension of the arch height direction is at least greater than 0.15m, which leads to an increase in the size of the diffuser, which is difficult to apply in a ventilation system with limited actual space.
  • the diffusive resonance structure 120 provided in this embodiment is equivalent to a mass spring system, and plays a role of absorbing sound wave energy. Compared with fiber materials, the low-frequency sound absorption performance is stronger, which can make up for the lack of sound absorption performance of fiber materials at low frequencies. At the same time, it also avoids the shortcomings that require a large size of the diffusion structure when the diffusion structure is simply used to absorb low-frequency sound waves.
  • the distribution mode of the diffusion resonance structure 120 has an effect on the diffusion of sound. Therefore, the direction of the diffusion resonance muffler unit 110 should be such that sound propagation passes through the first convex portion 132 and the second convex portion of the diffusion resonance structure 120 in order. 134.
  • the predetermined angle may be 90 degrees, that is, the plurality of diffusion resonance muffler units 110 may be arranged side by side in a direction perpendicular to the ventilation extending direction of the ventilation channel. With this arrangement, the plurality of diffusion resonance muffler units 110 can more easily diffuse sound waves, and can also save installation space.
  • the diffusion resonance structure 120 may be made of a hard surface material, where the hard surface material includes one or more combinations of glass fiber reinforced gypsum, glass fiber reinforced concrete, wood material, and particle board material.
  • the diffusion resonance structure 120 may also be made of other hard surface materials, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
  • each of the first convex portions 132 or the second convex portions 134 of the diffusion resonance structure 120 may be set according to the scene requirements of the actual ventilation passage.
  • a cylinder may be used.
  • a cone may be used.
  • a rectangular body may be adopted. It can be understood that, in actual design, each of the first convex portions 132 or the second convex portions 134 is not limited to the aforementioned shapes.
  • the diffusion resonance muffler unit 110 includes at least two columns of diffusion resonance structures 120 arranged up and down, and the number of diffusion resonance structures in each column is at least two.
  • the diffusion resonance muffler device 100 includes four diffusion resonance muffler units 120, and each diffusion resonance muffler unit includes two rows of diffusion resonance structures 120 arranged up and down correspondingly, and along the ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel 200.
  • the number of diffusion resonance structures in each column is two; or as shown in FIG.
  • the diffusion resonance muffler device 100 includes twelve diffusion resonance muffler units 120, and each diffusion resonance muffler unit includes eight columns correspondingly arranged up and down
  • the diffusion resonance structures 120 are arranged along the ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel 200.
  • the number of diffusion resonance structures in each column is three.
  • each diffusion resonance structure 120 includes three first arranged in sequence along its length. A convex part and three second convex parts.
  • the above setting form based on the length and height of the muffler channel in the diffusion resonance muffler, has the smallest component unit, the volume of the diffusion resonance structure is small, the production and processing convenience is high, and the operator can adjust the Multiple diffusion resonance structures are assembled into diffusion resonance mufflers of different lengths and heights, thereby improving the convenience of use of the diffusion resonance mufflers.
  • the size of the diffusion resonance structure 120 should be equivalent to the wavelength of the incident sound wave.
  • the shape and size of the surface of the diffusion resonance structure 120 determines the diffusion frequency of the diffusion resonance muffler 100.
  • the inventor summarizes the following empirical formula to design the size of the diffusion resonance structure 120 through a large amount of test data:
  • the material of the diffusion resonance structure 120 is a particle board, it is used alone.
  • the test results of the diffused muffler with a diffused structure are:
  • the amount of silence is 0-10dB; 800Hz-2500Hz, the amount of silence is 10-20dB; 2500Hz-6300Hz, the amount of silence is greater than 20dB; 6300Hz-10000Hz, the amount of silence is 10-20dB.
  • test results of the diffusion resonance muffler 100 provided in this embodiment are:
  • the noise reduction is less than 10dB; 315Hz-500Hz, the noise reduction is 10-20dB; 500Hz-6300Hz, the noise reduction is greater than 20dB; 6300Hz-10000Hz, the noise reduction is 10-20dB.
  • the low-frequency muffler performance of the diffusion resonance muffler device 100 provided in this embodiment is greatly improved compared to the diffuser muffler device, and the overall muffler frequency band is widened.
  • the inventor's actual experimental test results also show that: in practical applications, the larger the length of each diffusion resonance muffler unit 110, the greater the amount of sound attenuation, the first convex portion 132 or the second convex portion 134 of each diffusion resonance structure 120 The larger the height b of the projection is, the larger the internal cavity of the diffusion resonance structure 120 is, and the stronger the low-frequency noise cancellation performance is. Therefore, those skilled in the art can design the diffusion resonance muffler device 100 according to the above-mentioned design ideas and practical application scenarios.
  • a single-piece diffusion resonance structure 120 is first manufactured, and each of the first convex portions 132 and the second of the diffusion resonance structure 120 is determined according to the characteristics of the actual sound source and noise reduction requirements.
  • a surface shape of the convex portion 134 is used to fabricate a plurality of diffusion resonance structures 120.
  • a plurality of diffusion resonance structures 120 can be arranged in a row to form a diffusion resonance muffler unit 110, and the length direction can be adjusted according to different noise reduction requirements. The longer the length, the greater the attenuation, and each column of diffusion resonance muffler units
  • the spacing between 110 can be adjusted according to the different noise reduction requirements. The smaller the spacing, the greater the attenuation.
  • the upper and lower ends of the arrayed diffused resonance muffler unit 110 are closed, and a muffler passage similar to a resistive muffler in FIG. 11 is formed between different diffused resonance muffler units 110.
  • a certain gap is left between the top of the diffusion resonance muffler 100 and the top of the ventilation duct.
  • each of the first convex portions 132 and the corresponding second convex portions 134 may be connected by structural glue or bolts to form a corresponding cavity.
  • the protrusion height range of each of the first convex portion 132 and the second convex portion 134 of the diffusion resonance structure 120 may be 25 mm-250 mm.
  • the protrusion height of each of the first convex portion 132 and the second convex portion 134 of the diffusion resonance structure 120 should be greater than 30 mm.
  • the distance range between two adjacent diffusion resonance muffler units 110 may be 50mm-500mm.
  • two adjacent diffusion resonance structures 120 may be fixedly connected by a metal gasket bolt 150.
  • the metal washer bolt 150 connects two diffusion resonance structures adjacent to each other in the length direction; as shown in FIG. 11 or FIG. 15, the vertical direction of the diffusion resonance muffler unit is In two or more rows, the metal washer bolts 150 can connect up, down, left and right four adjacent diffusion resonance structures together.
  • the edge region of the top end and / or the bottom end between two adjacent diffusion resonance structures 120 may be fixed by a metal card 160.
  • the diffusion resonance muffler device 100 may further include a first fixing structure 140 configured to fix a plurality of the diffusion resonance muffler units 110 arranged side by side with the ventilation channel 200.
  • the fixed structure 140 may include a fixed rectangular tube 142, an angle steel 144 provided on the fixed rectangular tube 142 and configured to fix each diffusion resonance muffler unit 110 on the fixed rectangular tube 142, and two ends of the fixed rectangular tube 142 configured to communicate with the fixed rectangular tube 142. Expansion bolts 146 fixed on both sides of the ventilation channel 200.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a ventilation channel muffler system.
  • the ventilation channel muffler system includes the above-mentioned diffusion resonance muffler device 100.
  • the diffusion resonance muffler device 100 is installed in the ventilation channel 200 and is configured to enter the ventilation system.
  • the sound waves of the channel 200 are subjected to a muffling process.
  • the diffusion resonance muffler device and the ventilation channel muffler system include a plurality of diffusion resonance muffler units arranged along a ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel, and a plurality of diffusion resonance muffler units along with The ventilation extending direction of the ventilation channel is arranged side by side at a predetermined angle, and a muffling channel is formed between two adjacent diffusion resonance muffler units.
  • Each diffusion resonance muffler unit includes at least one diffusion resonance structure composed of a plurality of first convex portions and a second convex portion disposed opposite each other, and each first convex portion and a corresponding second convex portion are spliced to form a corresponding Cavity.
  • this application does not require the use of fibrous materials, is more healthy and environmentally friendly, and effectively reduces production costs.
  • the sound wave when the sound wave enters the muffler channel, it can be diffused and reflected multiple times in the muffler channel through multiple first and second convex portions. And through the resonance sound absorption of each cavity, sound attenuation occurs, which can improve the low-frequency noise reduction performance in the ventilation channel, and then effectively achieve the ventilation noise reduction effect.
  • the resonance sound absorbing structure provided in this application is stronger than the low-frequency sound absorption performance of the fiber material, which can make up for the lack of sound absorption performance of the fiber material at low frequency, and also avoids the diffusion resonance when the diffusion structure is simply used to absorb low frequency sound waves. Structural dimensions require larger defects.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a full-frequency diffusion muffler device 300, which includes the above-mentioned diffusion resonance muffler device 100.
  • a first metal orifice plate 321 and a second projection are provided on the outside of the first convex portion 134 of the diffusion resonance muffler device 100.
  • a second metal orifice plate 322 is provided on the outside of the portion 134;
  • the high-frequency muffler is sequentially passed through the first metal orifice plate or the second metal orifice plate, and then diffused and reflected in the muffler channel multiple times through a plurality of first convex portions and second convex portions, and passes through each Sound attenuation occurs in the cavity after resonance absorption.
  • the area between the first convex portion and the first metal orifice plate, and the area between the second convex portion and the second metal orifice plate are filled with a porous sound-absorbing material, the porous sound-absorbing material, and the first metal hole.
  • the plate, the second metal orifice plate and the diffusion resonance structure together form a full-frequency diffusion muffler structure; along the ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel, the full-frequency diffusion muffler structures located in the same row together form a full-frequency diffusion muffler unit;
  • the full-frequency diffusion muffler device may include a plurality of full-frequency diffusion muffler units 310 (only three are shown in FIG. 17) provided along the ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel, and multiple full-frequency diffusion mufflers.
  • the units 310 are arranged side by side in a direction that forms a predetermined angle with the ventilation extending direction of the ventilation channel, and an adjacent two full-frequency diffusion noise reduction unit 310 forms a noise reduction channel.
  • each full-frequency diffusion muffler unit 310 may include at least one full-frequency diffusion muffler structure 320 (only three are shown in FIG. 17), and each full-frequency diffusion muffler structure 320 includes a first metal hole.
  • each of the first convex portions 332 and the corresponding second convex portion 334 is spliced To form a corresponding cavity.
  • the specific numbers of the full-frequency diffusion muffler unit 310, the full-frequency diffusion muffler structure 320, the first convex portion 332, and the second convex portion 334 can be set according to actual design requirements. This is not specifically limited.
  • the first convex portion 332 and the second convex portion 334 of the full-frequency diffusion sound-absorbing structure 320 can effectively improve the low-frequency sound-absorbing ability, and by attaching the porous
  • the sound-absorbing material 323 enhances the high-frequency sound-absorbing ability, thereby achieving a full-frequency sound-absorbing effect.
  • the size of the diffuser is high. For example, to reduce the frequency at about 200Hz, the width of the diffuser unit must be about 1m, and the dimension of the arch height must be greater than 0.15m.
  • the resonant sound absorbing structure composed of the first convex portion 332 and the second convex portion 334 and the cavity formed in this embodiment is equivalent to a mass spring system, and plays a role of absorbing the energy of sound waves.
  • the acoustic performance is stronger, which can make up for the lack of sound absorption performance of fiber materials at low frequencies, and also avoids the shortcomings of high requirements for the size of the diffusion structure when the diffusion structure is simply used to absorb low frequency sound waves.
  • the low-frequency sound-absorbing effect of the separate resonant sound-absorbing structure is better, it has insufficient sound-absorbing effect in the middle and high-frequency.
  • a porous sound-absorbing structure is surrounded on the side of the diffuse sound-absorbing structure.
  • a metal orifice plate corresponding to the first convex portion on the porous sound-absorbing structure forms a first metal orifice plate; Corresponding metal orifice plate to form a second metal orifice plate.
  • the full-frequency diffusion muffler mechanism is the smallest assembly unit of the full-frequency diffusion muffler device 300. As an independent component, the operator can perform multiple full-frequency diffusion mufflers according to actual needs.
  • the acoustic structure is assembled into full-frequency diffused mufflers with different heights and lengths, which is more convenient to use and more convenient to produce and process.
  • the distribution mode of the full-frequency diffusion muffler structure 320 has an influence on the sound diffusion. Therefore, the arrangement direction of the full-frequency diffusion muffler unit 310 should be such that sound propagation sequentially passes through the first protrusion of the full-frequency diffusion muffler structure 320.
  • the portion 332 and the second convex portion 334 optionally, in this embodiment, the predetermined angle may be 90 degrees, that is, a plurality of full-frequency diffusion muffler units 310 may be juxtaposed in a direction perpendicular to the ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel. arrangement. With this arrangement, the multiple full-frequency diffusion and muffler units 310 can more easily diffuse sound waves, and can also save installation space.
  • the full-frequency diffusion and noise reduction structure 320 may be made of a hard surface material, where the hard surface material includes one or more of glass fiber reinforced gypsum, glass fiber reinforced concrete, wood material, and particle board material. kind of combination.
  • the full-frequency diffusion muffler structure 320 may also be made of other hard surface materials, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
  • the porous sound-absorbing material 323 may be made of glass wool, rock wool, slag wool, polyurethane foam, vitrified beads, particle board, and any other porous sound-absorbing material 323, which is not specifically limited herein.
  • the porous sound-absorbing material 323 when the porous sound-absorbing material 323 is attached outside the first convex portion 332 and the second convex portion 334, it may be partially or entirely attached. The more the porous sound-absorbing material 323 is attached, the more the sound attenuation is. Big.
  • the porous sound absorbing material 323 may be a particulate material.
  • each of the first convex portions 332 or the second convex portions 334 of the full-frequency diffusion and muffler structure 320 may be set according to the scene requirements of the actual ventilation channel.
  • a cylinder may be adopted.
  • a rectangular body may be used.
  • a cone may be used. It can be understood that, in actual design, each of the first convex portions 332 or the second convex portions 334 is not limited to the aforementioned shapes.
  • the size of the full-frequency diffusion muffler structure 320 should be equal to the wavelength of the incident sound wave.
  • the shape and size of the surface of the full-frequency diffusion muffler structure 320 determines the full-frequency diffusion.
  • the inventor summarized the following empirical formula based on a large amount of test data to design the size of the full-frequency diffusion muffler structure 320:
  • the test result of the diffusion resonance noise reduction structure is:
  • the noise reduction is less than 10dB; 315Hz-500Hz, the noise reduction is 10-20dB; 500Hz-6300Hz, the noise reduction is greater than 20dB; 6300Hz-10000Hz, the noise reduction is greater than 20dB.
  • test results of the full-frequency diffusion muffler structure 320 used in this embodiment are:
  • the noise reduction is less than 10dB; 125Hz-250Hz, the noise reduction is 10-20dB; 250Hz-630Hz, the noise reduction is greater than 20-30dB; 630Hz-10000Hz, the noise reduction is greater than 30dB.
  • the full-frequency diffusion muffler structure 320 provided in this embodiment has a small increase in low-frequency muffler performance and a significant improvement in mid-high-frequency muffler performance compared to a single diffuse resonance muffler structure.
  • the inventor found through testing that the larger the length of the diffusion resonance muffler structure, or the greater the height b of the first convex portion 332 or the second convex portion 334, or the height of the first convex portion 332 and the second convex portion 334, The larger the internal cavity between the cells, or the thicker the porous sound-absorbing material 323 attached to the outer layer, the stronger the sound-absorbing performance of the full-frequency diffusion muffler. Therefore, those skilled in the art can design the full-frequency diffusion muffler device according to the above design ideas and actual application scenarios.
  • first convex portion 332 and the second convex portion 334 are first produced, and the surfaces of the first convex portion 332 and the second convex portion 334 are determined according to the characteristics of the actual sound source and noise reduction requirements shape. Then, the first convex portion 332 and the second convex portion 334 are spliced and connected by a structural adhesive, and a porous sound-absorbing material 323 is attached to form a full-frequency diffusion muffler structure 320. Then, a plurality of full-frequency diffusion muffler structures are attached. 320 is arranged in a row to form a full-frequency diffusion muffler unit 310.
  • the length direction can be adjusted according to different noise reduction requirements. The longer the length, the greater the attenuation.
  • the spacing between each column can be adjusted according to the different noise reduction requirements. Adjust, the smaller the distance, the greater the attenuation.
  • each first convex portion 332 and the corresponding second convex portion 334 may be connected by structural glue or bolts to form a corresponding cavity.
  • the protrusion height range of each of the first convex portion 332 and the second convex portion 334 of the full-frequency diffusion muffler structure 320 may be 25 mm-250 mm.
  • the protrusion height of each of the first convex portions 332 and the second convex portions 334 of the full-frequency diffusion noise reduction structure 320 should be greater than 30 mm.
  • a distance range between two adjacent full-frequency diffusion muffler units 310 may be 50 mm-500 mm.
  • the thickness of each of the first convex portions 332 and the second convex portions 334 may be in a range of 5 mm to 50 mm, and different thicknesses are selected differently when different materials are used.
  • a thickness of 10 mm can be adopted when each When the material of the first convex portion 332 and the second convex portion 334 is a particle plate.
  • the thickness range of the full-frequency diffusion muffler unit 310 may be 50 mm-500 mm.
  • the full-frequency diffusion muffler device may further include a second fixing structure 330 (also referred to as a fixed structure) for fixing each full-frequency diffusion muffler unit 310 and the ventilation channel 200.
  • the second fixing structure 330 may include a contact portion 331, first and second fixing portions 332 and 333 provided at opposite ends of the contact portion 331, a plurality of first bolts 334, and a plurality of second bolts 335, the first A first clamping portion and a second clamping portion are formed between two opposite sides of the fixing portion 332 and the second fixing portion 333 and the contact portion 331.
  • the first clamping portion and the second clamping portion are used for clamping each A side end of the frequency-diffusing muffler unit 310.
  • a plurality of first fixing holes 336 are provided at the bottom of the first fixing portion 332, and a plurality of second fixing holes 337 are provided at the bottom of the second fixing portion 333.
  • Each first bolt 334 passes through the corresponding first fixing hole 336 and The ventilation channel 200 is fixed, and each second bolt 335 passes through the corresponding second fixing hole 337 and is fixed to the ventilation channel 200 to fix each full-frequency diffusion muffler unit 310 and the ventilation channel 200.
  • each full-frequency diffusion muffler unit 310 can be fixed to the ventilation channel 200, and two adjacent full-frequency diffusion muffler structures can be connected together, thereby avoiding the full-frequency diffusion muffler device 300 in the wind.
  • the setting position changes under the effect, which affects the noise reduction effect.
  • This embodiment also provides a ventilation channel muffler system including the above-mentioned full-frequency diffusion muffler device.
  • the full-frequency diffusion muffler device is installed in the ventilation channel and is configured to muffle sound waves entering the ventilation channel.
  • a noise reduction method adopting the above ventilation channel noise reduction system, and the noise reduction process includes:
  • the convex parts and convex parts on both sides of the muffling channel perform diffusion and reflection processing on the sound waves;
  • the sound wave flows out of the outlet of the ventilation channel after the noise reduction process of the sound reduction channel.
  • the ventilation channel muffler system and the muffler method provided in the embodiments of the present application are provided by arranging a plurality of side-by-side full-frequency diffusion muffler units arranged along the ventilation extension direction of the ventilation channel A frequency mitigation unit forms a muffling channel.
  • Each full-frequency diffusion muffler unit includes at least one full-frequency diffusion muffler structure.
  • the full-frequency diffusive sound-absorbing structure includes a first metal orifice plate, a second metal orifice plate, a plurality of oppositely disposed first convex portions and second convex portions disposed between the first metal orifice plate and the second metal orifice plate, and A porous sound absorbing material filled in the area between the first convex portion and the second convex portion and the first metal orifice plate and the second metal orifice plate, and each of the first convex portions and the corresponding second convex portion are spliced between To form a corresponding cavity.
  • the sound wave when it enters the muffler channel, it passes through the first metal orifice plate or the second metal orifice plate in order to perform high-frequency sound attenuation through a porous sound absorbing material, and then passes through a plurality of first convex portions and second convex portions.
  • Acoustic attenuation occurs after multiple diffuse reflections in the sound channel and pass through the resonant sound absorption of each cavity, thereby improving the low-frequency sound-absorbing ability by using a full-frequency diffusion sound-absorbing structure, and improving the high-frequency sound absorption by attaching porous sound-absorbing materials Sound capacity, so as to achieve full-frequency noise reduction.
  • the diffusion muffler, diffusion resonance muffler, full-frequency diffusion muffler, ventilation channel muffler system and muffler method provided by this embodiment are small in size, healthy and environmentally friendly, and have good sound absorption effect on low frequency noise.

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Abstract

一种扩散消声装置（400）、扩散共振消声装置（100）、全频扩散消声装置（300）、通风通道（200）消声系统及其消声方法。通风通道（200）的通风延伸方向设置多个扩散消声单元（410），多个扩散消声单元（410）沿与通风通道（200）的通风延伸方向成预定角度的方向排列，相邻的两个扩散消声单元（410）之间形成一消声通道，其中，每个扩散消声单元（410）包括至少一个扩散体（420），每个扩散体（420）包括多个凸部（430），以使声波进入消声通道时经由多个凸部（430）在消声通道内多次反射后发生声衰减，从而提高通风通道（200）内低频消声性能，进而有效实现通风消声降噪效果。

Description

扩散消声装置、扩散共振消声装置、全频扩散消声装置、通风通道消声系统及其消声方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2018年08月29日提交中国专利局的申请号为201810998332.1、名称为“扩散消声装置及通风通道消声系统”、2018年08月29日提交中国专利局的申请号为201810996138.X、名称为“扩散共振消声装置及通风通道消声系统”、2018年08月29日提交中国专利局的申请号为201810998335.5、名称为“全频扩散消声装置及通风通道消声系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通风消声，具体而言，涉及一种扩散消声装置、扩散共振消声装置、全频扩散消声装置、通风通道消声系统及其消声方法。
背景技术
目前在通风消声降噪领域，安装消声器是最常见有效的处理措施。一般而言，消声器是一种既能允许气流顺利通过，又能有效衰减声能量的装置。通风消声器根据其消声原理和结构的不同大致可以分为阻性消声器、抗性消声器、阻抗复合式消声器和通风泄压式消声器。阻性消声器是通风消声系统中应用最多的一类消声器，阻性消声器是利用声波在吸声材料或结构中传播时，因摩擦将声能量转换为热能而耗散的机理，达到消声的目的。
安装阻性消声器在实际的工程应用中已经非常普遍，常见的有片式消声器、矩阵式消声器、折板式消声器以及各种衍生类产品，它们的消声原理都是通过利用纤维类多孔吸声材料的吸声性能达到消声的目的。经本申请发明人在研究中发现，这类消声器典型的消声特性是具有良好的中频消声性能，但是对于低频段而言，由于纤维类多孔吸声材料的限制，其消声性能较差。对于高频段而言，由于阻性消声器存在高频失效的现象，其在高频的消声量也明显下降，例如发明人经过测试发现了高频段也存在下降的趋势，但由于声音在高频随距离的衰减较快，在实际工程中，高频的消声量基本能满足工程要求，但是在中低频段，尤其是低频段降噪量较小。如何提高对通风通道内低频消声性能，有效地实现通风消声降噪效果，是本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的至少一个技术问题，本申请的目的包括提供一种扩散消声装置、扩散共振消声装置、全频扩散消声装置、通风通道消声系统及其消声方法，以解决或者改善上述问题。
为了实现上述目的中的至少一个，本申请实施例采用的技术方案如下：
本申请实施例提供一种扩散消声装置，应用于通风通道，所述扩散消声装置包括：沿所述通风通道的通风延伸方向设置的多个扩散消声单元，所述多个扩散消声单元沿与所述通风通道的通风延伸方向成预定角度的方向并列排列，相邻的两个扩散消声单元之间形成一消声通道，其中，每个所述扩散消声单元包括至少一个扩散体，每个所述扩散体包括多个凸部，以使声波进入所述消声通道时经由所述多个凸部在所述消声通道内多次反射后发生声衰减。
本申请实施例提供一种扩散共振消声装置，包括上述扩散消声装置，沿所述通风通道的宽度方向，扩散消声单元中，每两个所述扩散体组成一个扩散共振结构，所述扩散共振结构的一个扩散体上的凸部为第一凸部，另一个扩散体上的凸部为第二凸部，多个所述第一凸部和多个所述第二凸部之间一一对应拼接形成空腔；沿所述通风通道的通风延伸方向，扩散消声单元中，多个所述扩散共振结构依次连接组成一个扩散共振消声单元；
相邻的两个扩散共振消声单元之间形成消声通道，当声波进入所述消声通道时经由多个所述第一凸部和第二凸部在所述消声通道内多次扩散反射并通过每个所述空腔的共振吸声后发生声衰减。
可选地，所述预定角度为90度。
可选地，所述扩散共振结构采用硬质表面材料制作而成，其中，所述硬质表面材料包括玻璃纤维增强石膏、玻璃纤维增强混凝土、木质材料、微粒板材料中的一种或者多种组合。
可选地，沿所述通风通道的通风延伸方向，所述扩散共振消声单元包括至少两列上下对应设置的扩散共振结构，且每列所述扩散共振结构的数目至少为两个。
可选地，相邻的两个所述扩散共振结构之间通过金属垫片螺栓固定连接。
可选地，相邻的两个所述扩散共振结构之间顶端和/或底端的边缘区域采用金属卡片固定。
可选地，所述扩散共振消声单元的上下两端均为封闭设置。
可选地，所述扩散共振结构的各个第一凸部或者第二凸部的凸起高度范围为25mm-250mm。
可选地，相邻的两个扩散共振消声单元之间的距离范围为50mm-500mm。
可选地，每个所述第一凸部和对应的第二凸部之间通过结构胶粘接或螺栓连接以形成对应的空腔。
可选地，还包括配置成将并列排列的多个扩散共振消声单元与通风通道固定的固定结构，所述固定结构包括固定矩管、设置在所述固定矩管上配置成将每个所述扩散共振消声单元固定在所述固定矩管上的角钢以及设置在所述固定矩管两端配置成与所述通风通道的两侧固定的膨胀螺栓。
本申请实施例还提供一种全频扩散消声装置，包括上述扩散共振消声装置，所述扩散共振消声装置的第一凸部外侧设有第一金属孔板、第二凸部外侧设有第二金属孔板；
所述第一凸部与所述第一金属孔板之间的区域、所述第二凸部与所述第二金属孔板之间的区域内均填充有多孔吸声材料，所述多孔吸声材料、所述第一金属孔板、所述第二金属孔板和所述扩散共振结构共同构成全频扩散消声结构；沿所述通风通道的通风延伸方向，位于同一列的全频扩散消声结构共同构 成全频扩散消声单元；
声波进入所述消声通道时经由所述第一金属孔板或所述第二金属孔板后通过所述多孔吸声材料进行高频消声，经由多个第一凸部和所述第二凸部在所述消声通道内多次扩散反射并通过每个所述空腔的共振吸声后发生声衰减。
可选地，所述多孔吸声材料采用玻璃棉、岩棉、矿渣棉、聚氨酯泡沫、玻化微珠、微粒板中的一种或者多种组合。
可选地，所述全频扩散消声结构的各个第一凸部和/或第二凸部的厚度范围为5mm-50mm。
可选地，还包括配置成将每个全频扩散消声单元与所述通风通道固定连接的固定结构，所述固定结构包括接触部、设置在所述接触部相对的两端的第一固定部和第二固定部、多个第一螺栓以及多个第二螺栓，所述第一固定部和所述第二固定部与所述接触部相对的两侧面之间形成第一夹持部分和第二夹持部分，所述第一夹持部分和所述第二夹持部分配置成夹持每个所述全频扩散消声单元的侧端；
所述第一固定部的底部设置有多个第一固定孔，所述第二固定部的底部设置有多个第二固定孔，每个所述第一螺栓穿过对应的第一固定孔与所述通风通道固定，每个所述第二螺栓穿过对应的第二固定孔与所述通风通道固定，以将每个所述全频扩散消声单元与所述通风通道固定。
本申请实施例还提供一种扩散共振消声装置，应用于通风通道，所述扩散共振消声装置包括：沿所述通风通道的通风延伸方向设置的多个扩散共振消声单元，所述多个扩散共振消声单元沿与所述通风通道的通风延伸方向成预定角度的方向并列排列，相邻的两个扩散共振消声单元之间形成一消声通道，其中，每个所述扩散共振消声单元包括至少一个扩散共振结构，每个所述扩散共振结构包括：多个相对设置的第一凸部和第二凸部；每个所述第一凸部和对应的第二凸部之间拼接以形成对应的空腔；当声波进入所述消声通道时经由多个所述第一凸部和第二凸部在所述消声通道内多次扩散反射并通过每个所述空腔的共振吸声后发生声衰减。
本申请实施例还提供一种全频扩散消声装置，应用于通风通道，所述全频扩散消声装置包括：沿所述通风通道的通风延伸方向设置的多个全频扩散消声单元，所述多个全频扩散消声单元沿与所述通风通道的通风延伸方向成预定角度的方向并列排列，相邻的两个全频扩散消声单元之间形成一消声通道；每个所述全频扩散消声单元包括至少一个全频扩散消声结构，每个所述全频扩散消声结构包括：第一金属孔板；第二金属孔板；设置于所述第一金属孔板和所述第二金属孔板之间的多个相对设置的第一凸部和第二凸部，每个所述第一凸部和对应的第二凸部之间拼接以形成对应的空腔；以及填充于所述第一凸部和所述第二凸部与所述第一金属孔板和所述第二金属孔板之间区域的多孔吸声材料；
当声波进入所述消声通道时依次经由所述第一金属孔板或者所述第二金属孔板后通过所述多孔吸声材料进行高频消声后，经由多个第一凸部和所述第二凸部在所述消声通道内多次扩散反射并通过每个所述空腔的共振吸声后发生声衰减。
本申请实施例还提供一种通风通道消声系统，包括上述扩散消声装置，扩散消声装置安装在通风通 道内，配置成对进入所述通风通道的声波进行消声处理；或，包括上述扩散共振消声装置，扩散共振消声装置安装在通风通道内，配置成对进入所述通风通道的声波进行消声处理；或，包括上述全频扩散消声装置，全频扩散消声装置安装在通风通道内，配置成对进入所述通风通道的声波进行消声处理。
本申请实施例还提供一种消声方法，采用上述通风通道消声系统，消声过程包括：
声波自通风通道的入口进入其中，并流经消声通道；
消声通道两侧的凸部对声波进行扩散、反射处理；
声波经过消声通道的降噪处理后，自通风通道的出口流出。
相对于现有技术而言，本申请具有以下有益效果：
本申请实施例提供的扩散消声装置及通风通道消声系统，包括沿通风通道的通风延伸方向设置的多个扩散消声单元，多个扩散消声单元沿与通风通道的通风延伸方向成预定角度的方向并列排列，相邻的两个扩散消声单元之间形成一消声通道。每个扩散消声单元包括至少一个扩散体，每个扩散体包括多个凸部，以使声波进入消声通道时经由多个凸部在消声通道内多次反射后发生声衰减。由此设计，避免了使用纤维化材料，更加健康环保，并有效降低生产成本。同时通过设置扩散体对声波进行扩散反射，使声波在一个类似于阻性消声器的通道内多次反射，如此通过声波的多次反射，可以使声音在狭长通道内衰减，从而提高对通风通道内低频消声性能，进而有效地实现通风消声降噪效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本申请的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它相关的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的扩散消声装置的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的扩散体的结构示意图之一；
图3为本申请实施例提供的扩散体的结构示意图之二；
图4为本申请实施例提供的扩散体的结构示意图之三；
图5为本申请实施例提供的扩散体的结构示意图之四；
图6为本申请实施例提供的扩散体的结构示意图之五；
图7为本申请实施例提供的扩散体的结构示意图之六；
图8为本申请实施例提供的扩散消声装置的安装结构示意图之一；
图9为本申请实施例提供的扩散消声装置的安装结构示意图之二；
图10为图8中所示的第一固定结构的结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的扩散共振消声装置的结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的扩散共振结构的结构示意图之一；
图13为本申请实施例提供的扩散共振结构的结构示意图之二；
图14为本申请实施例提供的扩散共振结构的结构示意图之三；
图15为本申请实施例提供的扩散共振消声装置安装在通风通道内的三维结构示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的扩散共振消声装置安装在通风通道内的三视图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的全频扩散消声装置的结构示意图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的全频扩散消声结构的结构示意图之一；
图19为本申请实施例提供的全频扩散消声结构的结构示意图之二；
图20为本申请实施例提供的全频扩散消声结构的结构示意图之三；
图21为本申请实施例提供的全频扩散消声装置安装在通风通道内的主视结构示意图；
图22为本申请实施例提供的全频扩散消声装置安装在通风通道内的三维结构示意图；
图23为图15中所示的第二固定结构的爆炸结构示意图。
图标：100-扩散共振消声装置；110-扩散共振消声单元；120-扩散共振结构；132-第一凸部；134-第二凸部；140-第一固定结构；142-固定矩管；144-角钢；146-膨胀螺栓；150-金属垫片螺栓；160-金属卡片；200-通风通道；300-全频扩散消声装置；310-全频扩散消声单元；320-全频扩散消声结构；321-第一金属孔板；322-第二金属孔板；323-多孔吸声材料；330-第二固定结构；331-接触部；332-第一固定部；333-第二固定部；334-第一螺栓；335-第二螺栓；336-第一固定孔；337-第二固定孔；400-扩散消声装置；410-扩散消声单元；420-扩散体；430-凸部。
具体实施方式
请参阅图1，为本申请实施例提供的扩散消声装置400的结构示意图。本实施例中，该扩散消声装置400可用于通风消声领域，例如可以安装在通风通道中以实现通风通道中的消声降噪，当然可以理解的是，本领域技术人员也可以根据实际需求将该扩散消声装置400应用于其它任意的四周封闭的空间中使用。
如图1所示，扩散消声装置400可包括沿通风通道的通风延伸方向设置的多个扩散消声单元410(图1中仅示出四个)，多个扩散消声单元410沿与通风通道的通风延伸方向成预定角度的方向并列排列，相邻的两个扩散消声单元410之间形成一消声通道。每个扩散消声单元410包括至少一个扩散体420(图1中仅示出两个)，每个扩散体420包括多个凸部430(图1中仅示出3个)，以使声波进入消声通道时经由多个凸部430在消声通道内多次反射后发生声衰减。
可以理解，上述扩散消声单元410、扩散体420以及凸部430的具体数量可以根据实际需求进行灵活设置，本实施例对此不作具体限制。
基于上述设计，本实施例通过采用扩散体结构，避免了使用纤维化材料，更加健康环保，并有效降低生产成本。同时，通过设置扩散体对声波进行扩散反射，使声波在一个类似于阻性消声器的通道内多 次反射，如此通过声波的多次反射，可以使声音在狭长通道内衰减，从而提高对通风通道内低频消声性能，进而有效地实现通风消声降噪效果。
可选地，扩散体420的各个凸部430的形状可以按照实际通风通道的场景需求进行设置，例如请参阅图2所示，可以采用带空腔半圆柱体。又例如，请参阅图3所示，可以采用实心半圆柱体。又例如，请参阅图4所示，可以采用带空腔矩形体。又例如，请参阅图5所示，可以采用实心矩形体。又例如，请参阅图6所示，可以采用带空腔锥形体。又例如，请参阅图7所示，可以采用实心锥形体。可以理解，在实际设计时各个凸部430并不限于上述几种形状。
可选地，请结合参阅图8-图10，扩散消声装置400还可以包括用于将并列排列的多个扩散消声单元410与通风通道200固定的第一固定结构140(又称固定结构)，第一固定结构140可以包括固定矩管142、设置在固定矩管142上用于将每个扩散消声单元410固定在固定矩管142上的角钢144以及设置在固定矩管142两端用于与通风通道200的两侧固定的膨胀螺栓146。由此设置，能够将各个扩散消声单元410与通风通道200固定，从而避免扩散消声装置400在风的作用下设置位置发生改变，从而影响消声降噪效果。
请参阅图11，为本申请实施例提供的扩散共振消声装置100的结构示意图。本实施例中，该扩散共振消声装置100可用于通风消声领域，例如用于安装在通风通道中以实现通风通道中的消声降噪，当然可以理解的是，也可以根据实际需求将该扩散共振消声装置100应用于其它任意的四周封闭的空间中使用。具体的，扩散共振消声装置100可以包括上述扩散消声装置410，沿通风通道200的宽度方向，扩散消声单元410中，每两个扩散体420组成一个扩散共振结构120，扩散共振结构120的一个扩散体420上的凸部430为第一凸部132，另一个扩散体420上的凸部430为第二凸部134，多个第一凸部132和多个第二凸部134之间一一对应拼接形成空腔；沿通风通道200的通风延伸方向，扩散消声单元410中，多个扩散共振结构120依次连接组成一个扩散共振消声单元110；
相邻的两个扩散共振消声单元110之间形成消声通道，当声波进入所述消声通道时经由多个所述第一凸部132和第二凸部134在所述消声通道内多次扩散反射并通过每个所述空腔的共振吸声后发生声衰减。
即,扩散体420组成扩散共振结构120后，原来的扩散消声装置400具备了共振降噪的性能，如图11所示，扩散共振消声装置100可包括沿通风通道的通风延伸方向设置的多个扩散共振消声单元110(图11中仅示出4个)，多个扩散共振消声单元110沿与通风通道的通风延伸方向成预定角度的方向并列排列，相邻的两个扩散共振消声单元110之间形成一消声通道，其中，每个扩散共振消声单元110包括至少一个扩散共振结构120(图11中仅示出2个)。
每个扩散共振结构120包括多个相对设置的第一凸部132和第二凸部134，每个第一凸部132和对应的第二凸部134之间拼接以形成对应的空腔，当声波进入消声通道时经由多个第一凸部132和第二凸部134在消声通道内多次扩散反射并通过每个空腔的共振吸声后发生声衰减。
可以理解，上述扩散共振消声单元110、扩散共振结构120以及凸部的具体设置数量可以根据实际需求进行灵活设置，本实施例对此不作具体限制。
基于上述设计，本实施例通过采用扩散共振结构120，无需使用纤维化材料，更加健康环保，并有效降低生产成本。同时，当声波进入消声通道时可以经由多个第一凸部132和第二凸部134在消声通道内多次扩散反射并通过每个空腔的共振吸声后发生声衰减，能够提高对通风通道内低频消声性能，进而有效地实现通风消声降噪效果，而如果仅设置扩散体对低频声波进行消声，对扩散体尺寸要求较大，例如要降低频率在200Hz左右声音，扩散体单元宽度尺寸要求达到约1m，并且拱高方向尺度至少大于0.15m，导致增加扩散体尺寸，难以应用在这在实际空间有限的通风系统中。而本实施例提供的扩散共振结构120相当于质量弹簧系统，起到吸收声波能量的作用，相较于纤维类材料低频吸声性能更强，可以弥补纤维类材料在低频时吸声性能的不足，同时也避免了单纯采用扩散结构吸收低频声波时对于扩散结构尺寸要求较大的缺陷。
本实施例中，扩散共振结构120的分布方式对于声音的扩散有影响，因此扩散共振消声单元110的布置方向应使声传播依次通过扩散共振结构120的第一凸部132和第二凸部134，可选地，本实施例中，该预定角度可以为90度，即，多个扩散共振消声单元110可以沿与通风通道的通风延伸方向的垂直方向并列排列。由此设置，可以使得多个扩散共振消声单元110更易于对声波进行扩散，同时也能够节省设置空间。
可选地，扩散共振结构120可以采用硬质表面材料制作而成，其中，硬质表面材料包括玻璃纤维增强石膏、玻璃纤维增强混凝土、木质材料、微粒板材料中的一种或者多种组合。当然，可以理解在其它实施例中，也不排除扩散共振结构120还可以采用其它硬质表面材料制作而成，本实施例对此不作具体限制。
可选地，扩散共振结构120的各个第一凸部132或者第二凸部134的形状可以按照实际通风通道的场景需求进行设置，例如请参阅图12所示，可以采用圆柱体。又例如，请参阅图13所示，可以采用锥形体。又例如，请参阅图14所示，可以采用矩形体。可以理解，在实际设计时各个第一凸部132或者第二凸部134并不限于上述几种形状。
本实施例中，沿通风通道的通风延伸方向，扩散共振消声单元110包括至少两列上下对应设置的扩散共振结构120，且每列扩散共振结构的数目至少为两个。如图15所示，扩散共振消声装置100包括四个扩散共振消声单元120，每个扩散共振消声单元包括两列上下对应设置的扩散共振结构120，且沿通风通道200的通风延伸方向，每列扩散共振结构的个数为两个；或如图16所示，扩散共振消声装置100包括十二个扩散共振消声单元120，每个扩散共振消声单元包括八列上下对应设置的扩散共振结构120，且沿通风通道200的通风延伸方向，每列扩散共振结构的个数为三个；具体的，每个扩散共振结构120沿其长度方向包括三个依次排布的第一凸部和三个第二凸部。上述设置形式，在实现扩散共振消声装置中消声通道的长度和高度的基础上，其最小组成单元扩散共振结构的体积较小，生产加工便捷度较高， 且操作人员可以根据实际需求将多个扩散共振结构组装为不同长度、高度的扩散共振消声装置，从而提高扩散共振消声装置的使用便捷性。
发明人在研究过程中发现，为了达到有效地声扩散，扩散共振结构120的尺寸应与入射声波的波长相当，扩散共振结构120表面的形状、尺寸决定了扩散共振消声装置100的扩散频率，例如，发明人通过大量测试数据总结出如下的经验公式对扩散共振结构120的尺寸进行设计：
2πf/c a≥4，b/a≥0.15
上式中，a为扩散共振结构120的宽度；b为扩散共振结构120的凸出高度；c为空气中声速；f为声波的频率。例如，发明人通过测试发现当a＝0.17m，b＝0.04m，扩散共振消声装置100的长度为3m，通流率50％，当扩散共振结构120的制作材料为微粒板时，单独采用扩散结构的扩散式消声装置的测试结果为：
低于800Hz，消声量为0-10dB；800Hz-2500Hz,消声量为10-20dB；2500Hz-6300Hz，消声量大于20dB；6300Hz-10000Hz，消声量为10-20dB。
采用本实施例提供的扩散共振消声装置100的测试结果为：
低于315Hz，消声量小于10dB；315Hz-500Hz,消声量为10-20dB；500Hz-6300Hz，消声量大于20dB；6300Hz-10000Hz，消声量为10-20dB。通过对比，本实施例提供的扩散共振消声装置100相对于扩散式消声装置其低频消声性能得到较大提升，且整体消声频带变宽。此外，发明人经过实际实验测试结果还表明：在实际应用中各个扩散共振消声单元110的长度越大，消声量越大，各个扩散共振结构120的第一凸部132或者第二凸部134的凸起高度b越大，扩散共振结构120的内部空腔越大，低频消声性能越强。由此，本领域技术人员可以依据上述设计思路和实际应用场景对扩散共振消声装置100进行设计。
作为一种实施方式，在实际进行通风风道安装前，首先制作单件扩散共振结构120，根据实际声源的特性和降噪需求确定该扩散共振结构120的各个第一凸部132和第二凸部134的表面形状，以制作多个扩散共振结构120。然后，可以将多个扩散共振结构120顺序排列为一列组成扩散共振消声单元110，长度方向根据降噪量需求不同可进行调整，长度越长，衰减量越大，每列扩散共振消声单元110之间的间距根据降噪量需求的不同可进行调整，间距越小，衰减量越大。最后，将排列后的扩散共振消声单元110上下两端封闭，在不同扩散共振消声单元110之间形成如图11中类似阻性消声器的消声通道。其中，在实际安装中，扩散共振消声装置100的顶部与通风风道的顶部留有一定的空隙。
可选地，每个第一凸部132和对应的第二凸部134之间可以通过结构胶粘接或螺栓连接以形成对应的空腔。
可选地，本实施例中，扩散共振结构120的各个第一凸部132和第二凸部134的凸起高度范围可以为25mm-250mm。作为一种实施方式，当扩散频率下限为200Hz时，扩散共振结构120的各个第一凸部132和第二凸部134的凸起高度应大于30mm。
可选地，本实施例中，当通风率为50％时，相邻的两个扩散共振消声单元110之间的距离范围可以 为50mm-500mm。
可选地，进一步参阅图15，本实施例中，相邻的两个扩散共振结构120之间可以通过金属垫片螺栓150固定连接。当扩散共振消声单元上下方向仅为一列时，金属垫片螺栓150将长度方向相邻的两个扩散共振结构连接在一起；如图11或图15所示，扩散共振消声单元上下方向为两列或多列时，金属垫片螺栓150能够将上下左右四个相邻的扩散共振结构同时连接在一起。
可选地，依旧参阅图15，相邻的两个扩散共振结构120之间顶端和/或底端的边缘区域可以采用金属卡片160固定。
可选地，请结合参阅图15-图16，扩散共振消声装置100还可以包括配置成将并列排列的多个扩散共振消声单元110与通风通道200固定的第一固定结构140，第一固定结构140可以包括固定矩管142、设置在固定矩管142上配置成将每个扩散共振消声单元110固定在固定矩管142上的角钢144以及设置在固定矩管142两端配置成与通风通道200的两侧固定的膨胀螺栓146。由此设置，能够将各个扩散共振消声单元110与通风通道200固定，从而避免扩散共振消声装置100在风的作用下设置位置发生改变，从而影响消声降噪效果。
进一步地，本申请实施例还提供一种通风通道消声系统，通风通道消声系统包括上述的扩散共振消声装置100，扩散共振消声装置100安装在通风通道200内，配置成对进入通风通道200的声波进行消声处理。
综上所述，本申请实施例提供的扩散共振消声装置及通风通道消声系统，包括沿通风通道的通风延伸方向设置的多个扩散共振消声单元，多个扩散共振消声单元沿与通风通道的通风延伸方向成预定角度的方向并列排列，相邻的两个扩散共振消声单元之间形成一消声通道。每个扩散共振消声单元包括至少一个由多个相对设置的第一凸部和第二凸部构成的扩散共振结构，每个第一凸部和对应的第二凸部之间拼接以形成对应的空腔。如此，本申请无需使用纤维化材料，更加健康环保，并有效降低生产成本，同时当声波进入消声通道时可以经由多个第一凸部和第二凸部在消声通道内多次扩散反射并通过每个空腔的共振吸声后发生声衰减，能够提高对通风通道内低频消声性能，进而有效地实现通风消声降噪效果。本申请设置的共振吸声结构相较于纤维类材料低频吸声性能更强，可以弥补纤维类材料在低频时吸声性能的不足，同时也避免了单纯采用扩散结构吸收低频声波时对于扩散共振结构尺寸要求较大的缺陷。
本申请实施例还提供一种全频扩散消声装置300，包括上述扩散共振消声装置100，扩散共振消声装置100的第一凸部134外侧设有第一金属孔板321、第二凸部134外侧设有第二金属孔板322；
声波进入消声通道时依次经由第一金属孔板或第二金属孔板进行高频消声后，经由多个第一凸部和第二凸部在消声通道内多次扩散反射并通过每个空腔的共振吸声后发生声衰减。
进一步的，第一凸部与第一金属孔板之间的区域、第二凸部与第二金属孔板之间的区域内均填充有多孔吸声材料，多孔吸声材料、第一金属孔板、第二金属孔板和扩散共振结构共同构成全频扩散消声结构；沿通风通道的通风延伸方向，位于同一列的全频扩散消声结构共同构成全频扩散消声单元；声波进 入消声通道时经由第一金属孔板或第二金属孔板后通过多孔吸声材料进行高频消声。
如图17所示，全频扩散消声装置可包括沿通风通道的通风延伸方向设置的多个全频扩散消声单元310(图17中仅示出3个)，多个全频扩散消声单元310沿与通风通道的通风延伸方向成预定角度的方向并列排列，相邻的两个全频扩散消声单元310之间形成一消声通道。
本实施例中，每个全频扩散消声单元310可包括至少一个全频扩散消声结构320(图17中仅示出3个)，每个全频扩散消声结构320包括第一金属孔板321、第二金属孔板322、设置于第一金属孔板321和第二金属孔板322之间的多个相对设置的第一凸部332和第二凸部334以及填充于第一凸部332和第二凸部334与第一金属孔板321和第二金属孔板322之间区域的多孔吸声材料323，每个第一凸部332和对应的第二凸部334之间拼接以形成对应的空腔。
可以理解，在实际实施时，全频扩散消声单元310、全频扩散消声结构320、第一凸部332和第二凸部334的具体数量可以根据实际设计需求进行设置，本实施例对此不作具体限制。
在实际应用过程中，当声波进入消声通道时依次经由第一金属孔板321或者第二金属孔板322的一次多孔中高频消声；随后通过多孔吸声材料323进行二次中高频消声后，经由多个第一凸部332和第二凸部334在消声通道内多次扩散反射并通过每个空腔的共振低频吸声后发生全频声衰减。
由此设计，本实施例通过将扩散理论应用在消声领域，利用全频扩散消声结构320的第一凸部332和第二凸部334能够有效提升低频消声能力，并通过贴附多孔吸声材料323提升高频消声能力，从而达到全频消声效果。而如果仅设置扩散体对低频声波进行消声，则对扩散体尺寸要求较高，例如要降低频率在200Hz左右声音，扩散体单元宽度尺寸要求达到约1m，并且拱高方向尺度至少大于0.15m，导致增加扩散体尺寸，难以应用在这在实际空间有限的通风系统中。而本实施例提供的第一凸部332和第二凸部334以及构成的空腔组成的共振吸声结构相当于质量弹簧系统，起到吸收声波能量的作用，相较于纤维类材料低频吸声性能更强，可以弥补纤维类材料在低频时吸声性能的不足，同时也避免了单纯采用扩散结构吸收低频声波时对于扩散结构尺寸要求较高的缺陷。同时，单独共振吸声结构虽然低频吸声效果较好，但其在中高频吸声效果不足，本实施例进一步通过在共振吸声结构外层贴附多孔吸声材料323提升中高频的消声能力，从而达到全频消声的目的。
进一步的，扩散消声结构的侧部围设有多孔吸声结构，多孔吸声结构上与第一凸部对应的金属孔板，形成第一金属孔板；多孔吸声结构上与第二凸部对应的金属孔板，形成第二金属孔板。这里是全频扩散消声结构320的具体形式，全频扩散消声机构作为全频扩散消声装置300的最小组装单元，作为独立的部件，操作人员能够根据实际需求将多个全频扩散消声结构组装成为不同高度和长度的全频扩散消声装置，使用便捷度较高，且生产加工便捷度也较高。
本实施例中，全频扩散消声结构320的分布方式对于声音的扩散有影响，因此全频扩散消声单元310的布置方向应使声传播依次通过全频扩散消声结构320的第一凸部332和第二凸部334，可选地，本实施例中，该预定角度可以为90度，即，多个全频扩散消声单元310可以沿与通风通道的通风延伸方向 的垂直方向并列排列。由此设置，可以使得多个全频扩散消声单元310更易于对声波进行扩散，同时也能够节省设置空间。
可选地，全频扩散消声结构320可以采用硬质表面材料制作而成，其中，硬质表面材料包括玻璃纤维增强石膏、玻璃纤维增强混凝土、木质材料、微粒板材料中的一种或者多种组合。当然，可以理解在其它实施例中，也不排除全频扩散消声结构320还可以采用其它硬质表面材料制作而成，本实施例对此不作具体限制。
可选地，多孔吸声材料323可以采用玻璃棉、岩棉、矿渣棉、聚氨酯泡沫、玻化微珠、微粒板以及其它任意多孔吸声材料323制作而成，在此不作具体限制。其中，多孔吸声材料323贴附在第一凸部332和第二凸部334外时，既可以部分贴附，也可以全部贴附，贴附的多孔吸声材料323越多，消声量越大。作为一种实施方式，多孔吸声材料323可以为微粒材料。
可选地，全频扩散消声结构320的各个第一凸部332或者第二凸部334的形状可以按照实际通风通道的场景需求进行设置，例如请参阅图18所示，可以采用圆柱体。又例如，请参阅图19所示，可以采用矩形体。又例如，请参阅图20所示，可以采用锥形体。可以理解，在实际设计时各个第一凸部332或者第二凸部334并不限于上述几种形状。
与扩散共振消声装置100类似，为了达到有效地声扩散，全频扩散消声结构320的尺寸应与入射声波的波长相当，全频扩散消声结构320表面的形状、尺寸决定了全频扩散消声装置的扩散频率，例如，发明人通过大量测试数据总结出如下的经验公式对全频扩散消声结构320的尺寸进行设计：
2πf/c a 1≥4，b 1/a 1≥0.15
上式中，a 1为全频扩散消声结构320的宽度；b 1为全频扩散消声结构320的凸出高度；c为空气中声速；f为声波的频率。例如，发明人通过测试发现当a 1＝0.17m，b 1＝0.04m，全频扩散消声结构320的长度为3m，通流率为50％。当全频扩散消声结构320的制作材料为微粒板时，采用扩散共振消声结构的测试结果为：
低于315Hz，消声量小于10dB；315Hz-500Hz,消声量为10-20dB；500Hz-6300Hz，消声量大于20dB；6300Hz-10000Hz，消声量大于20dB。
本实施例采用的全频扩散消声结构320的测试结果为：
低于125Hz，消声量小于10dB；125Hz-250Hz,消声量为10-20dB；250Hz-630Hz，消声量大于20-30dB；630Hz-10000Hz，消声量大于30dB。
通过对比，本实施例提供的全频扩散消声结构320相对于单独的扩散共振消声结构其低频消声性能有小幅度增加，中高频消声性能显著提升。此外，发明人经过测试发现，扩散共振消声结构长度越大，或者第一凸部332或者第二凸部334的凸起高度b越大，或者第一凸部332和第二凸部334之间的内部空腔越大，或者外层贴附的多孔吸声材料323越厚，该全频扩散消声装置的消声性能越强。由此，本领域技术人员可以依据上述设计思路和实际应用场景对该全频扩散消声装置进行设计。
例如，在实际通风风道安装前，首先制作单件第一凸部332和第二凸部334，根据实际声源的特性和降噪需求确定第一凸部332和第二凸部334的表面形状。然后，将第一凸部332和第二凸部334进行拼接并通过结构胶连接，外面贴附多孔吸声材料323形成全频扩散消声结构320，然后，将多个全频扩散消声结构320顺序排列为一列组成全频扩散消声单元310，长度方向根据降噪量需求不同可进行调整，长度越长，衰减量越大，每列之间的间距根据降噪量需求的不同可进行调整，间距越小，衰减量越大。最后，将排列后的全频扩散消声单元310上下两端封闭，确保空腔的密封性，并在不同全频扩散消声单元310之间形成如图17中类似阻性消声器的通道。
此外，全频扩散消声单元310之间还可以采用搭积木的方式，也即，先安装底层的全频扩散消声单元310，根据实际风道的高度依次往上方叠加全频扩散消声单元310。如果全频扩散消声单元310元尺寸在高度方向太大，需要进行固定。
可选地，每个第一凸部332和对应的第二凸部334之间可以通过结构胶粘接或螺栓连接以形成对应的空腔。
可选地，本实施例中，全频扩散消声结构320的各个第一凸部332和第二凸部334的凸起高度范围可以为25mm-250mm。作为一种实施方式，当扩散频率下限为200Hz时，全频扩散消声结构320的各个第一凸部332和第二凸部334的凸起高度应大于30mm。
可选地，本实施例中，当通风率为50％时，相邻的两个全频扩散消声单元310之间的距离范围可以为50mm-500mm。
可选地，本实施例中，各个第一凸部332和第二凸部334的厚度范围可以为5mm-50mm，其采用不同材料时对应的厚度选择不同，作为一种实施方式，当各个第一凸部332和第二凸部334的材料采用微粒板时，可以采用10mm厚。
可选地，本实施例中，全频扩散消声单元310的厚度范围可以为50mm-500mm。
可选地，请结合参阅图21-图23，全频扩散消声装置还可以包括用于将每个全频扩散消声单元310与通风通道200固定的第二固定结构330(又称固定结构)，第二固定结构330可以包括接触部331、设置在接触部331相对的两端的第一固定部332和第二固定部333、多个第一螺栓334以及多个第二螺栓335，第一固定部332和第二固定部333与接触部331相对的两侧面之间形成第一夹持部分和第二夹持部分，第一夹持部分和第二夹持部分用于夹持每个全频扩散消声单元310的侧端。第一固定部332的底部设置有多个第一固定孔336，第二固定部333的底部设置有多个第二固定孔337，每个第一螺栓334穿过对应的第一固定孔336与通风通道200固定，每个第二螺栓335穿过对应的第二固定孔337与通风通道200固定，以将每个全频扩散消声单元310与通风通道200固定。由此设置，能够将各个全频扩散消声单元310与通风通道200固定，并能够将相邻的两个全频扩散消声结构连接在一起，从而避免全频扩散消声装置300在风的作用下设置位置发生改变，从而影响消声降噪效果。
本实施例还提供一种通风通道消声系统，包括上述全频扩散消声装置，全频扩散消声装置安装在通 风通道内，配置成对进入通风通道的声波进行消声处理。
一种消声方法，采用上述通风通道消声系统，消声过程包括：
声波自通风通道的入口进入其中，并流经消声通道；
消声通道两侧的凸部和凸部对声波进行扩散、反射处理；
声波经过消声通道的降噪处理后，自通风通道的出口流出。
综上所述，本申请实施例提供的通风通道消声系统及其消声方法，通过设置沿通风通道的通风延伸方向的多个并列排列的全频扩散消声单元，相邻的两个全频扩散消声单元之间形成一消声通道，每个全频扩散消声单元包括至少一个全频扩散消声结构。全频扩散消声结构包括第一金属孔板、第二金属孔板、设置于第一金属孔板和第二金属孔板之间的多个相对设置的第一凸部和第二凸部以及填充于第一凸部和第二凸部与第一金属孔板和第二金属孔板之间区域的多孔吸声材料，每个第一凸部和对应的第二凸部之间之间拼接以形成对应的空腔。由此，当声波进入消声通道时依次经由第一金属孔板或者第二金属孔板后通过多孔吸声材料进行高频消声后，经由多个第一凸部和第二凸部在消声通道内多次扩散反射并通过每个空腔的共振吸声后发生声衰减，从而通过利用全频扩散消声结构提升低频消声能力，并通过贴附多孔吸声材料提升中高频的消声能力，从而达到全频消声效果。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本申请不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本申请的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其它的具体形式实现本申请。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本申请的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本申请内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
工业实用性
本实施例提供的扩散消声装置、扩散共振消声装置、全频扩散消声装置、通风通道消声系统及其消声方法，体积小、健康环保且对低频噪声吸声效果好。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种扩散消声装置，其特征在于，应用于通风通道，所述扩散消声装置包括：
    沿所述通风通道的通风延伸方向设置的多个扩散消声单元，所述多个扩散消声单元沿与所述通风通道的通风延伸方向成预定角度的方向并列排列，相邻的两个扩散消声单元之间形成一消声通道，其中，每个所述扩散消声单元包括至少一个扩散体，每个所述扩散体包括多个凸部，以使声波进入所述消声通道时经由所述多个凸部在所述消声通道内多次反射后发生声衰减。
  2. 一种扩散共振消声装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求1所述的扩散消声装置，沿所述通风通道的宽度方向，扩散消声单元中，每两个所述扩散体组成一个扩散共振结构，所述扩散共振结构的一个扩散体上的凸部为第一凸部，另一个扩散体上的凸部为第二凸部，多个所述第一凸部和多个所述第二凸部之间一一对应拼接形成空腔；沿所述通风通道的通风延伸方向，扩散消声单元中，多个所述扩散共振结构依次连接组成一个扩散共振消声单元；
    相邻的两个扩散共振消声单元之间形成消声通道，当声波进入所述消声通道时经由多个所述第一凸部和第二凸部在所述消声通道内多次扩散反射并通过每个所述空腔的共振吸声后发生声衰减。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的扩散共振消声装置，其特征在于，所述预定角度为90度。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的扩散共振消声装置，其特征在于，所述扩散共振结构采用硬质表面材料制作而成，其中，所述硬质表面材料包括玻璃纤维增强石膏、玻璃纤维增强混凝土、木质材料、微粒板材料中的一种或者多种组合。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4中任一项所述的扩散共振消声装置，其特征在于，沿所述通风通道的通风延伸方向，所述扩散共振消声单元包括至少两列上下对应设置的扩散共振结构，且每列所述扩散共振结构的数目至少为两个。
  6. 根据权利要求2-5中任一项所述的扩散共振消声装置，其特征在于，相邻的两个所述扩散共振结构之间通过金属垫片螺栓固定连接。
  7. 根据权利要求2-6中任一项所述的扩散共振消声装置，其特征在于，相邻的两个所述扩散共振结构之间顶端和/或底端的边缘区域采用金属卡片固定。
  8. 根据权利要求2-7中任一项所述的扩散共振消声装置，其特征在于，所述扩散共振消声单元的上下两端均为封闭设置。
  9. 根据权利要求2-8中任一项所述的扩散共振消声装置，其特征在于，所述扩散共振结构的各个第一凸部和/或第二凸部的凸起高度范围为25mm-250mm。
  10. 根据权利要求2-9中任一项所述的扩散共振消声装置，其特征在于，相邻的两个所述扩散共振消声单元之间的距离范围为50mm-500mm。
  11. 根据权利要求2-10中任一项所述的扩散共振消声装置，其特征在于，每个所述第一凸部和对应 的所述第二凸部之间通过结构胶粘接或螺栓连接以形成对应的空腔。
  12. 根据权利要求2-11中任一项所述的扩散共振消声装置，其特征在于，还包括配置成将并列排列的多个扩散共振消声单元与通风通道固定的固定结构，所述固定结构包括固定矩管、设置在所述固定矩管上配置成将每个所述扩散共振消声单元固定在所述固定矩管上的角钢以及设置在所述固定矩管两端配置成与所述通风通道的两侧固定的膨胀螺栓。
  13. 一种全频扩散消声装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求2-11中任一项所述的扩散共振消声装置，所述扩散共振消声装置的第一凸部外侧设有第一金属孔板、第二凸部外侧设有第二金属孔板；
    所述第一凸部与所述第一金属孔板之间的区域、所述第二凸部与所述第二金属孔板之间的区域内均填充有多孔吸声材料，所述多孔吸声材料、所述第一金属孔板、所述第二金属孔板和所述扩散共振结构共同构成全频扩散消声结构；沿所述通风通道的通风延伸方向，位于同一列的全频扩散消声结构共同构成全频扩散消声单元；
    声波进入所述消声通道时经由所述第一金属孔板或所述第二金属孔板后通过所述多孔吸声材料进行高频消声，经由多个第一凸部和所述第二凸部在所述消声通道内多次扩散反射并通过每个所述空腔的共振吸声后发生声衰减。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的全频扩散消声装置，其特征在于，所述多孔吸声材料采用玻璃棉、岩棉、矿渣棉、聚氨酯泡沫、玻化微珠、微粒板中的一种或者多种组合。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的全频扩散消声装置，其特征在于，所述全频扩散消声结构的各个第一凸部和/或第二凸部的厚度范围为5mm-50mm。
  16. 根据权利要求13-15中任一项所述的全频扩散消声装置，其特征在于，还包括配置成将每个全频扩散消声单元与所述通风通道固定连接的固定结构，所述固定结构包括接触部、设置在所述接触部相对的两端的第一固定部和第二固定部、多个第一螺栓以及多个第二螺栓，所述第一固定部和所述第二固定部与所述接触部相对的两侧面之间形成第一夹持部分和第二夹持部分，所述第一夹持部分和所述第二夹持部分配置成夹持每个所述全频扩散消声单元的侧端；
    所述第一固定部的底部设置有多个第一固定孔，所述第二固定部的底部设置有多个第二固定孔，每个所述第一螺栓穿过对应的第一固定孔与所述通风通道固定，每个所述第二螺栓穿过对应的第二固定孔与所述通风通道固定，以将每个所述全频扩散消声单元与所述通风通道固定。
  17. 一种扩散共振消声装置，其特征在于，应用于通风通道，所述扩散共振消声装置包括：
    沿所述通风通道的通风延伸方向设置的多个扩散共振消声单元，所述多个扩散共振消声单元沿与所述通风通道的通风延伸方向成预定角度的方向并列排列，相邻的两个扩散共振消声单元之间形成一消声通道，其中，每个所述扩散共振消声单元包括至少一个扩散共振结构，每个所述扩散共振结构包括：
    多个相对设置的第一凸部和第二凸部；
    每个所述第一凸部和对应的第二凸部之间拼接以形成对应的空腔；
    当声波进入所述消声通道时经由多个所述第一凸部和第二凸部在所述消声通道内多次扩散反射并通过每个所述空腔的共振吸声后发生声衰减。
  18. 一种全频扩散消声装置，其特征在于，应用于通风通道，所述全频扩散消声装置包括：
    沿所述通风通道的通风延伸方向设置的多个全频扩散消声单元，所述多个全频扩散消声单元沿与所述通风通道的通风延伸方向成预定角度的方向并列排列，相邻的两个全频扩散消声单元之间形成一消声通道；
    每个所述全频扩散消声单元包括至少一个全频扩散消声结构，每个所述全频扩散消声结构包括：
    第一金属孔板；
    第二金属孔板；
    设置于所述第一金属孔板和所述第二金属孔板之间的多个相对设置的第一凸部和第二凸部，每个所述第一凸部和对应的第二凸部之间拼接以形成对应的空腔；以及
    填充于所述第一凸部和所述第二凸部与所述第一金属孔板和所述第二金属孔板之间区域的多孔吸声材料；
    当声波进入所述消声通道时依次经由所述第一金属孔板或者所述第二金属孔板后通过所述多孔吸声材料进行高频消声后，经由多个第一凸部和所述第二凸部在所述消声通道内多次扩散反射并通过每个所述空腔的共振吸声后发生声衰减。
  19. 一种通风通道消声系统，其特征在于，包括权利要求1所述的扩散消声装置，扩散消声装置安装在通风通道内，配置成对进入所述通风通道的声波进行消声处理；
    或，包括权利要求2-12、17中任意一项所述的扩散共振消声装置，扩散共振消声装置安装在通风通道内，配置成对进入所述通风通道的声波进行消声处理；
    或，包括权利要求13-16、18中任意一项所述的全频扩散消声装置，全频扩散消声装置安装在通风通道内，配置成对进入所述通风通道的声波进行消声处理。
  20. 一种消声方法，采用权利要求19所述的通风通道消声系统，消声过程包括：
    声波自通风通道的入口进入其中，并流经消声通道；
    消声通道两侧的凸部对声波进行扩散、反射处理；
    声波经过消声通道的降噪处理后，自通风通道的出口流出。
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CN108800517A (zh) * 2018-08-29 2018-11-13 正升环境科技股份有限公司 扩散共振消声装置及通风通道消声系统
CN108831431A (zh) * 2018-08-29 2018-11-16 正升环境科技股份有限公司 全频扩散消声装置及通风通道消声系统
CN208936495U (zh) * 2018-08-29 2019-06-04 正升环境科技股份有限公司 扩散共振消声装置及通风通道消声系统
CN208936496U (zh) * 2018-08-29 2019-06-04 正升环境科技股份有限公司 扩散消声装置及通风通道消声系统
CN208938645U (zh) * 2018-08-29 2019-06-04 正升环境科技股份有限公司 全频扩散消声装置及通风通道消声系统

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN112735369A (zh) * 2021-01-27 2021-04-30 正升环境科技股份有限公司 一种共振扩散式弯头消声器
CN115249471A (zh) * 2022-06-08 2022-10-28 国网北京市电力公司 消声结构及具有其的变电站

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