WO2020042018A1 - 一种检测带宽的方法及检测设备 - Google Patents

一种检测带宽的方法及检测设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020042018A1
WO2020042018A1 PCT/CN2018/103011 CN2018103011W WO2020042018A1 WO 2020042018 A1 WO2020042018 A1 WO 2020042018A1 CN 2018103011 W CN2018103011 W CN 2018103011W WO 2020042018 A1 WO2020042018 A1 WO 2020042018A1
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Prior art keywords
label
test
link
layers
tested
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PCT/CN2018/103011
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张绿川
刘欣
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN201880096936.5A priority Critical patent/CN112602294B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/103011 priority patent/WO2020042018A1/zh
Publication of WO2020042018A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020042018A1/zh
Priority to US17/186,696 priority patent/US11388090B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/50—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using label swapping, e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS]
    • H04L45/507—Label distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0876—Network utilisation, e.g. volume of load or congestion level
    • H04L43/0882—Utilisation of link capacity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0852—Delays
    • H04L43/0858—One way delays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/10—Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/50—Testing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/12—Shortest path evaluation
    • H04L45/125—Shortest path evaluation based on throughput or bandwidth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/34—Source routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/50—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using label swapping, e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/11—Identifying congestion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/28—Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations
    • H04L47/283—Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations in response to processing delays, e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/29—Flow control; Congestion control using a combination of thresholds

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of network technologies, and in particular, to a method and a detection device for detecting a bandwidth.
  • Network bandwidth is used to indicate the data transmission rate of a link or path.
  • the unit of measurement is the bit rate.
  • the transmission rate of a device can also be called the transmission bandwidth.
  • Bandwidth resources are the most important network resources and one of the main determinants of transmission path performance.
  • the technical problem to be solved in the embodiments of the present application is to provide a method and a method for detecting a bandwidth to accurately measure the bandwidth of a link to be tested.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for detecting a bandwidth, which may include:
  • the detection device sends a first test message on a test path, where the first test message includes a first segmented route SR label, and the test path includes a link to be tested; the first SR label indicates the first Test packet forwarding relationship on the link to be tested;
  • the detection device sends a second test message on the test path, the second test message includes a second SR tag, and the second SR tag indicates that the second test message is on the test chain
  • the forwarding relationship of the channel, and the second SR label and the first SR label have different label layers;
  • the detection device labels the first SR And / or the number of label layers of the second SR label is used as a reference label layer number for detecting bandwidth, and the available bandwidth of the link to be tested is determined according to the number of reference label layers.
  • the test link is tested by sending test packets with different numbers of SR label layers.
  • the test packet forwarding relationships corresponding to different SR labels are different. Segmented routing and the combination of changing the number of SR label layers can make test packets. Repeat the forwarding on the link under test so that when the maximum bandwidth of the transmitting end is small, the available bandwidth on the link under test is accurately measured. By changing the number of SR label layers of the link under test, it can also respond to the test. A situation where the bandwidth of other links on the path is small and the available bandwidth of the link under test is large. Realize accurate detection of the bandwidth of the link under test.
  • the method further includes:
  • the detecting device When the detecting device sends the second test message on the test path, detecting a second path delay transmitted by the second test message on the test path;
  • the detection device determines that congestion occurs in the second test packet on the link to be tested.
  • the method further includes:
  • the detection device uses the number of label layers of the second SR label as the reference label layer, and according to the The number of reference label layers determines the available bandwidth of the link to be tested.
  • the available bandwidth of the link to be tested can be determined based on the number of label layers in the congested state, and the result is more accurate.
  • the method further includes:
  • the detection device sends a third test message on the test path, and the third test message includes a third test message.
  • An SR label where the third SR label indicates a forwarding relationship of the third test packet on the link to be tested, the number of label layers of the third SR label is greater than the number of label layers of the first SR label, and Less than the number of label layers of the second SR label;
  • the detection device sets the The number of label layers of the third SR label is used as the number of reference label layers, and the available bandwidth of the link to be tested is determined according to the number of reference label layers.
  • the method further includes:
  • the detection device determines a corresponding reference test message according to the number of reference label layers, and reduces the transmission bandwidth of sending the reference test message until the difference between the delay of the current path and the delay of the first path is less than or equal to a preset A delay difference value, where the first path delay is a path delay transmitted by the first test packet on the test path;
  • the detection device determines an available bandwidth of the link to be tested according to the number of reference label layers and a current transmission bandwidth.
  • the transmission bandwidth can be reduced to further approach the congestion threshold, so that the detection results can be further fine-tuned and more accurate detection results can be obtained.
  • the detection device determines the available bandwidth of the link to be tested according to the reference label layer number and the current transmission bandwidth, and performs the following according to the following formula:
  • BW is the available bandwidth of the link to be tested
  • n is the number of reference label layers
  • bw is the current transmission bandwidth of the detection device.
  • the detection device uses the number of label layers of the first SR label and the second SR label as a reference label layer number for detecting a bandwidth, and determines the number according to the reference label layer number.
  • the available bandwidth of the link to be tested includes:
  • the number of label layers of the first SR tag or the second SR tag is adjusted according to a preset change amount.
  • the detection device determines that the second test packet is congested on the link to be tested, wherein the first path delay is when the first test packet is sent. , A delay in transmitting the first test message on the test path.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a detection device, which may include:
  • the transceiver unit is configured to send a first test message on a test path, where the first test message includes a first segment routing SR label, and the test path includes a link to be tested; the first SR label indicates The forwarding relationship of the first test message on the link to be tested;
  • the transceiver unit is further configured to send a second test message on the test path, the second test message includes a second SR tag, and the second SR tag indicates that the second test message is in the standby Measuring the forwarding relationship of the link, and the second SR label and the first SR label have different number of label layers;
  • a processing unit configured to: when the first test packet has no congestion on the link to be tested, and the second test packet has congestion on the link to be tested, the first SR
  • the number of label layers of the label and / or the second SR label is used as the number of reference label layers for detecting bandwidth, and the available bandwidth of the link to be tested is determined according to the number of reference label layers.
  • the processing unit is further configured to:
  • the processing unit is further configured to:
  • the number of tag layers of the second SR tag is used as the number of reference tag layers, and according to the number of reference tag layers Determining an available bandwidth of the link to be tested.
  • the sending unit is further configured to:
  • a third test packet is sent on the test path, and the third test packet includes a third SR label.
  • the third SR label indicates a forwarding relationship of the third test packet on the link to be tested, and the number of label layers of the third SR label is greater than the number of label layers of the first SR label and less than the first Number of label layers of two SR labels;
  • the processing unit is further configured to: when congestion occurs in the third test packet in the link to be tested, and a difference between the number of label layers of the third SR label and the first SR label is equal to 1,
  • the number of label layers of the third SR label is used as the number of reference label layers, and the available bandwidth of the link to be tested is determined according to the number of reference label layers.
  • the processing unit is further configured to:
  • the first path delay is a path delay in which the first test packet is transmitted on the test path;
  • the available bandwidth of the link to be tested is determined according to the number of reference label layers and the current transmission bandwidth.
  • the processing unit determines an available bandwidth of the link to be tested according to the number of reference label layers and a current transmission bandwidth, and performs the calculation according to the following formula:
  • BW is the available bandwidth of the link to be tested
  • n is the number of reference label layers
  • bw is the current transmission bandwidth of the detection device.
  • the processing unit is further configured to:
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a detection device, which may include:
  • a processor, a memory, and a bus where the processor and the memory are connected through a bus, where the memory is used to store a set of program code, and the processor is used to call the program code stored in the memory to execute the embodiments of the present application Steps in the first aspect or any implementation of the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores instructions, and when the computer-readable storage medium runs on a computer, the first aspect or any of the first aspects is implemented Implementation of the method described.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture composition of a method for detecting a bandwidth according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a bandwidth detection method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a format of a test message used in a method for detecting a bandwidth provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of another method for detecting a bandwidth provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of still another method for detecting a bandwidth provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of still another method for detecting a bandwidth provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a detection device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of still another detection device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture composition of a method for detecting a bandwidth according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the system architecture may include, but is not limited to, a detection device 1000, a first routing device 2000, and a second routing device 3000.
  • the detection device 1000 may be configured to send a test packet to the first routing device 2000 and the second routing device 3000 on the test path to test the available bandwidth of the link between the first routing device 2000 and the second routing device 3000.
  • the first routing device 2000 may be configured to forward the test packet according to the path information in the test packet.
  • the second routing device 3000 may also be used to forward the test packet according to the path information in the test packet.
  • the path information may be used to indicate a forwarding path of the test message.
  • the path information is: ⁇ first routing device 2000 to second routing device 3000, second routing device 3000 to first routing device 2000, first routing device 2000 to second routing device 3000, and second routing device 3000 to first A routing device 2000>.
  • the first routing device 2000 receives the test packet sent by the detection device for the first time, it will forward the test packet to the second routing device 3000 according to the path forwarding order in the path information, and the second routing device 3000 will The information forwards the test packet to the first routing device 2000.
  • the first routing device 2000 After the first routing device 2000 receives the test packet forwarded by the second routing device 3000 according to the path information, the first routing device 2000 will test the second time based on the path information.
  • the packet is forwarded to the second routing device 3000, and the second routing device 3000 forwards the test packet to the first routing device 2000 a second time according to the path information.
  • FIG. 1 only shows the link to be tested composed of two routing devices.
  • a test path composed of more than two routing devices may also be included.
  • the test path may include at least one link to be tested, and may also include other links with known available bandwidth.
  • the application examples are not limited in any way.
  • the detection device 1000 includes, but is not limited to, a central processing unit 1001 (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a memory 1002, a network interface 1003, and a user interface 1004.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • the central processing unit 1001 can be used for reading computer instructions and processing data in computer software. It is the core component in computer system to read instructions, decode instructions and execute instructions. It is also possible to read the data in the memory, and output the data after corresponding processing.
  • the central processing unit 1001 may obtain a test packet from another device or server through the network interface 1003 and The test program stored in the memory configures and modifies the test messages; it can also generate test messages based on the routing device information on the test path; it can also read the pre-stored test messages from the memory 1002 for configuration and modification.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited in any way.
  • the memory 1002 may also be referred to as a storage medium, a storage device, or a storage device.
  • the memory 1002 may include high-speed random access memory (RAM), and may also include non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory). For example at least one disk storage. Disk storage can be used to store operating system and various application programs as well as non-program data.
  • the central processor can read the program and run it in RAM (memory).
  • the RAM can temporarily store the central The processor reads and executes the program, and stores data obtained after the program is executed and needs to be sent.
  • a network interface 1003 is used to send and receive data or test messages.
  • the detection device 1000 may further include a user interface 1004 (not shown), which is used to connect with external devices, such as a display screen and a keyboard, and is convenient for the user to view information and operations.
  • a user interface 1004 (not shown), which is used to connect with external devices, such as a display screen and a keyboard, and is convenient for the user to view information and operations.
  • the first routing device 2000 may include a first network interface 2001 and a first processor 2002.
  • the first network interface 2001 may be used to communicate with other devices and forward data or test packets, such as receiving a test report from the detection device 1000. Text, and then forward it to the second routing device 3000 according to the path information in the test message under the instruction of the first processor 2002;
  • the second routing device 3000 may include a second network interface 3001 and a second processor 3002.
  • the second network interface 3001 may be used to communicate with other devices and forward data or test packets, such as receiving from the first routing device 2000.
  • the test message is then forwarded to the first routing device 2000 according to the path information in the test message under the instruction of the second processor 3002.
  • the above detection device 1000 may be a device with processing and sending of test messages, such as a server, a computer, a Software Defined Network (SDN) controller, a router, or the like, or may be integrated into the above device by a module.
  • SDN Software Defined Network
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited in any way.
  • the detection device 1000 may also be implemented by a single board.
  • the detection device may include a main control board and an interface board.
  • the main control board includes: a first processor and a first memory.
  • the interface board may include: an interface card.
  • a second processor and a second memory may be further included. The main control board and the interface board are coupled.
  • the first memory may be used to store the program code of the main control board, and the first processor is used to call and execute the program code in the first memory to generate and test a message, and measure the available bandwidth of the link to be tested.
  • the interface card can be used to send and receive data or test messages. Communicates with external devices as a network interface.
  • the second memory may be used to store the program code of the interface board, and the second processor is used to call and execute the program code in the second memory so as to send the received test message to the main control board for processing.
  • an inter-process communication protocol IPC control channel is established between the main control board and the interface board.
  • the maximum transmission bandwidth of the transmitting end of the detection device may be less than the available bandwidth of the link under test, resulting in failure to detect the available bandwidth; or the available bandwidth of other links on the test path may be less than the available bandwidth on the link under test.
  • Bandwidth, large-bandwidth detection packets will send congestion on other links, so it is also impossible to accurately measure the bandwidth of the link under test. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, according to the characteristics of Segment Routing (SR) technology, the number of SR label layers of the link to be tested in the test message can be changed. When the number of SR label layers increases, the test As the number of times a packet is forwarded on the link under test increases, the occupied bandwidth will also increase. When the number of SR label layers decreases, the number of times a test packet is forwarded on the link under test will decrease, and the occupied bandwidth will also decrease. Therefore, accurate detection of the bandwidth in the above two cases is achieved.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for detecting bandwidth provided by an embodiment of the present application. The method may include the following steps:
  • the detection device sends a first test message on a test path.
  • the first test packet includes a first segmented route SR label, and the test path includes a link to be tested.
  • the first SR label indicates that the first test packet is on the link to be tested. Forwarding relationship.
  • the link under test is the link between two routing devices A and B
  • the SR label of routing device A to routing device B is label AB
  • the SR label of routing device B to routing device A is label BA
  • An SR label may include at least two SR labels that are forwarded between two routing devices
  • the first SR label may be a label set that the first test packet is forwarded on the link to be tested.
  • the first SR label includes: label AB and label BA . That is, test packets are forwarded from routing device A to routing device B, and then from routing device B to routing device A.
  • the first SR label includes: label AB , label BA , label AB , label BA . That is, the test packet will be forwarded from routing device A to routing device B, then from routing device B to routing device A, then from routing device A to routing device B, and then from routing device B to routing device A.
  • the detection device sends a second test message on the test path.
  • the second test packet includes a second SR label
  • the second SR label indicates a forwarding relationship of the second test packet on the link to be tested
  • the first SR tags have different numbers of tag layers.
  • the number of layers of the first SR label is two, and the number of layers of the second SR label can be adjusted to 4 or 8 by dichotomy or other methods. Adjust the number of label layers to adjust the bandwidth occupied by test packets on the link to be tested. When the number of label layers increases, the bandwidth occupied by test packets on the link under test increases. When the number of label layers decreases, the bandwidth occupied by test packets on the link under test decreases.
  • the detection device adds a label layer of the first SR label and / or the second SR label.
  • the number is used as the number of reference label layers for detecting the bandwidth, and the available bandwidth of the link to be tested is determined according to the number of reference label layers.
  • the term "and / or” in this embodiment is merely an association relationship describing an associated object, which means that there can be three kinds of relationships, for example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, and There are three cases, A and B, and B alone.
  • the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the related objects are an "or" relationship.
  • the available bandwidth of the link to be tested may be determined according to the number of label layers of the first SR label. For example, increase the transmission bandwidth of the first test packet until the difference between the current path delay and the first path delay when the first test packet is transmitted is less than or equal to the preset delay difference, and then according to the current transmission bandwidth And the number of label layers of the first SR label determine the available bandwidth of the link to be tested.
  • the available bandwidth of the link to be tested may also be determined according to the number of label layers of the second SR label. For example, reduce the transmission bandwidth of the second test packet until the difference between the current path delay and the second path delay when the second test packet is transmitted is less than or equal to the preset delay difference, and then according to the current transmission bandwidth and The number of label layers of the second SR label determines the available bandwidth of the link to be tested.
  • the available bandwidth of the link to be tested may also be determined according to the number of label layers of the first SR label and the second SR label. For example, the number of tag layers of the first SR tag and the first transmission bandwidth for sending the first test message; and the number of tag layers of the second SR tag and the second transmission bandwidth for sending the second test message to determine the test to be tested.
  • the available bandwidth interval of the link; then the middle value of the available bandwidth interval is selected as the available bandwidth of the link under test.
  • the path delay of the test packet on the test path when determining whether the link to be tested is congested, it may be determined according to the path delay of the test packet on the test path.
  • the detection starts, as the number of SR label layers increases, when the link under test does not experience congestion, the path delay will remain in a stable and roughly unchanged state.
  • the path delay will be larger and slowly increase than that of the path where no congestion occurs; and when the SR label layer continues to increase, the path delay may change by orders of magnitude.
  • the detection device when the detection device sends the second test message on the test path, it can detect the second path delay of the second test message transmitted on the test path, and determine to send the second test message. Whether to send congestion at time;
  • the detection device determines that congestion occurs in the second test packet on the link to be tested.
  • the preset threshold here can be set to a larger value than the normal path delay according to the test or simulation results. If the normal path delay is 10ms when no congestion occurs, the preset threshold can be set to 3s. When the delay is longer than 3s, congestion must occur. Of course, the preset threshold can also be configured according to the normal path delay. For example, if a value greater than or equal to the normal path delay is set to 15 ms, and the second path delay is greater than 15 ms, congestion may occur. The specific value can be determined according to the actual situation of the test path, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the determination of link congestion may also use the change amount or change rate of the current path delay and the normal path delay, for example, the difference between the two, that is, the change amount is greater than a certain threshold, is judged as congestion, If the ratio of the difference between the two and the normal path delay is greater than a certain threshold, it is judged to be congested, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit the same.
  • the test link is tested by sending test packets with different numbers of SR label layers.
  • the test packets corresponding to different SR labels have different forwarding relationships. Segmented routing is used to change the number of SR label layers.
  • the method can make the test message be forwarded multiple times in the link to be tested, so that when the maximum bandwidth of the transmitting end is small, the larger available bandwidth of the link to be tested is accurately measured, and the SR label layer of the link to be tested is changed. It can also deal with the situation where the bandwidth of other links on the test path is small and the available bandwidth of the link to be tested is large. Realize accurate detection of the bandwidth of the link under test.
  • the bandwidth detection of a link to be tested is taken as an example for description.
  • the detection method in the embodiment of the present application can also be used for detection.
  • the number of SR label layers of other links to be tested can be fixed, and only one link to be tested can be adjusted.
  • the number of SR label layers is used to realize the detection of multiple links to be tested one by one, and the number of SR label layers of multiple links to be tested can also be adjusted at the same time.
  • Each routing device independently performs path delay detection to realize multiple test chains.
  • the detection of the synchronization of the channels is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a format of a test message used in a method for detecting bandwidth provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the test message may include path information.
  • the path information may include the SR label of each link on the test path.
  • the path information includes segmented routing labels 1, segmented routing labels 2, segmented routing labels 3, segmented routing labels 4, ... segmented routing labels x a total of x SR labels.
  • the path information may further include an IP header, which is used to carry the source IP address and destination IP address of the test packet.
  • IP header is used to carry the source IP address and destination IP address of the test packet.
  • the IP packet header may not be stored.
  • the test message may further include delay detection information for detecting the path delay and time of the test message sent on the test path.
  • Delay detection information may include, but is not limited to:
  • ID used to identify the test message of the detection device
  • Sending timestamp used to record the sending time when the testing device sends a test message
  • the receiving timestamp is used to record the receiving time when the testing device receives the test packet.
  • the path delay can be obtained.
  • the path delay can also be obtained by sending other packets such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (Internet Control Message Protocol).
  • the congestion critical point is at the SR label layer corresponding to the two test packets.
  • the congestion critical point indicates the critical position where the link under test changes from no congestion to congestion.
  • the detection device may determine an available bandwidth interval of the link to be tested according to the number of label layers of the first SR label and the second SR label;
  • the detection device may set the second SR
  • the number of label layers is used as the number of reference label layers, and the available bandwidth of the link under test is determined according to the number of reference label layers.
  • the critical point of congestion indicates that the critical point of congestion is between the number of SR label layers corresponding to the two test packets.
  • the number of label layers between the second SR label and the first SR label may be selected to send a test packet and perform further detection.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of another method for detecting a bandwidth provided by an embodiment of the present application. The method may include the following steps:
  • the detection device sends a first test message on a test path.
  • the first test message includes a first segmented route SR label, and the test path includes a link to be tested; the first SR label indicates a forwarding relationship of the first test message on the link to be tested .
  • the detection device sends a second test message on the test path.
  • the second test packet includes a second SR label, where the second SR label indicates a forwarding relationship of the second test packet on the link to be tested, and the second SR label and the first SR tags have different number of tag layers.
  • the detection device sends a third test packet on the test path.
  • the third test packet includes a third SR label, the third SR label indicates a forwarding relationship of the third test packet on the link to be tested, and the number of label layers of the third SR label Greater than the number of label layers of the first SR tag and less than the number of label layers of the second SR tag.
  • the detection device uses the number of label layers of the third SR label as a reference Number of label layers. Determine the available bandwidth of the link under test based on the number of reference label layers.
  • the detection device may further determine a corresponding reference test packet according to the number of reference label layers, and reduce sending the reference test.
  • the detection device determines an available bandwidth of the link to be tested according to the number of reference label layers and a current transmission bandwidth.
  • the critical label layer value indicates the value of the number of label layers corresponding to the critical position where the link to be tested changes from no congestion to congestion.
  • the preset delay difference value here is a number greater than or equal to 0 and closer to 0. This is because there may be slight changes in the path delay when no blockage occurs. If you ignore this slight change, you can reduce the transmission bandwidth of the reference test packet until the delay of the current path and the delay of the first path. Roughly the same.
  • the detection device determines the available bandwidth of the link to be tested according to the number of reference label layers and the current transmission bandwidth, which can be performed according to the following formula:
  • BW is the available bandwidth of the link to be tested
  • n is the number of reference label layers
  • bw is the current transmission bandwidth of the detection device.
  • the method for detecting a bandwidth described in the embodiment of the present application may be compatible with the existing detection bandwidth process. For example, if it is uncertain whether the transmitting bandwidth of the transmitting end is less than the available bandwidth of the link to be tested, refer to FIG. 5 and FIG. 5.
  • the maximum transmission bandwidth of the detection device is 1M
  • the available bandwidth of the link to be tested is 3M
  • the test path includes routing.
  • the specific detection process may include the following steps:
  • the SR header information of the test packet is ⁇ labelAB, labelBA>.
  • the change of the path delay is less than or equal to the preset delay difference. It can be understood that the path delay is substantially unchanged or the change is very small, and it can be regarded as basically unchanged.
  • the preset quantity can also be adjusted each time here, and the preset quantity is greater than or equal to 1.
  • the number of label layers in step S503 can be used as the number of label layers of the first SR label in the embodiment of FIG. 2.
  • the number of label layers in step S501 may also be used as the number of label layers of the first SR label in the embodiment of FIG. 2.
  • the number of label layers in step S501 may be further performed. Increase to get a value of n that is close to and not reaching the congestion threshold.
  • the number of label layers in steps S504 and S505 may be used as the number of label layers of the second SR label in the embodiment of FIG. 2. Further, the number of tag layers in S504 may correspond to a case where the difference between the second SR tag and the first SR tag is greater than 1, and the number of tag layers in S505 may correspond to the difference between the second SR tag and the first SR tag Is equal to 1.
  • step 502 may also be performed after determining the value of n that places the link under test at the congestion critical point, and subtracting 1 from the value of n.
  • the bandwidth can be detected by referring to FIG. 6, which is another method for detecting bandwidth provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 Schematic flowchart; where the available bandwidth of the link AB (residual) on the measurement path is 1M, which is less than the available bandwidth of the link under test 3M.
  • the label of link AB is label AB
  • the label of link BA is label BA
  • the label of the road BC is label BC
  • the label of the link CB is label CB .
  • the available bandwidth of link AB and link BA is the same, both are 1M.
  • the transmission bandwidth of the detection device should be ⁇ 1M. It can include the following steps:
  • the SR header information of the test packet is ⁇ label AB , label BC , label CB , label BA >.
  • S602. Increase the transmission bandwidth of the detection device and record the path delay under the corresponding transmission bandwidth.
  • the transmission bandwidth reaches 1M of the maximum available bandwidth of the non-test link, if the change in path delay is less than or equal to the preset delay difference, It can be determined that the maximum transmission bandwidth is less than the available bandwidth of the link under test.
  • the change of the path delay is less than or equal to the preset delay difference. It can be understood that the path delay is substantially unchanged or the change is very small, and it can be regarded as basically unchanged.
  • the preset quantity can also be adjusted each time here, and the preset quantity is greater than or equal to 1.
  • the number of label layers in step S603 can be used as the number of label layers of the first SR label in the embodiment of FIG. 2.
  • the number of label layers in step S601 may also be used as the number of label layers of the first SR label in the embodiment of FIG. 2.
  • the number of label layers in step S601 may be further performed Increase to get a value of n that is close to and not reaching the congestion threshold.
  • the number of label layers in steps S604 and S605 may be used as the number of label layers of the second SR label in the embodiment of FIG. 2. Further, the number of label layers in S604 may correspond to a case where the difference between the second SR label and the first SR label is greater than 1, and the number of label layers in S605 may correspond to the difference between the second SR label and the first SR label. Is equal to 1.
  • step 602 may also be performed after determining the value of n that places the link under test at the congestion critical point, and subtracting 1 from the value of n.
  • the above embodiments mainly describe the case where the available bandwidth of the link under test in both directions is the same, for example, the available bandwidth of link AB and link BA are the same.
  • the measurement may also be performed by increasing the number of SR label layers in the embodiment of the present application. For example, if the test path includes routing device A, routing device B, and routing device C, and the link to be tested is BC, the three routing devices described above can be used to form a triangular unidirectional loop for forwarding test packets: link AB-link BC-link CA, and then simultaneously adjust the number of link SR label layers in the one-way loop.
  • the one-way loop becomes: link AB -Link BC-link CA-link AB-link BC-link CA
  • the SR header in the corresponding path information is: ⁇ label AB , label BC , label CA , label AB , label BC , label CA >
  • the available bandwidth of link BC to be tested can be determined according to the method in the embodiment of the present application; when the available bandwidth of link AB and link CA is equal to the available bandwidth of the link BC to be tested, With the increase of the number of layers, the link BC to be tested will reach the congestion state with link AB and link CA at the same time. Examples manner determined available bandwidth of link BC tested application of the present embodiment.
  • the detection method is similar, and is not repeated here
  • routing device D there may be one or more routing devices for bidirectional forwarding outside the one-way loop.
  • routing device D there is also routing device D, and the path information when the number of label layers of the unidirectional loop is not increased is: link DA- (link AB-link BC-link CA) -link AD, the unidirectional in parentheses
  • the loop information when adjusting the number of label layers of the unidirectional loop loop to 2, the path information is: link DA- (link AB-link BC-link CA-link AB-link BC-link CA) -Link AD, when there are multiple routing devices that perform bidirectional forwarding, the processing method is similar and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a detection device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the detection device may include:
  • the transceiver unit 100 is configured to send a first test message on a test path, where the first test message includes a first segment routing SR label, the test path includes a link to be tested, and the first SR label indicates A forwarding relationship of the first test message on the link to be tested;
  • the transceiver unit 100 is further configured to send a second test message on the test path, where the second test message includes a second SR tag, and the second SR tag indicates that the second test message is in the second test message.
  • the forwarding relationship of the link to be tested, and the second SR label and the first SR label have different label layers;
  • a processing unit 200 configured to: when the first test packet does not cause congestion on the link to be tested, and the second test packet causes congestion on the link to be tested,
  • the number of label layers of the SR label and / or the second SR label is used as the number of reference label layers for detecting bandwidth, and the available bandwidth of the link to be tested is determined according to the number of reference label layers.
  • processing unit 200 is further configured to:
  • processing unit 200 is further configured to:
  • the detection device uses the number of label layers of the second SR label as the reference label layer, and according to the The number of reference label layers determines the available bandwidth of the link to be tested.
  • the transceiver unit 100 is further configured to:
  • a third test packet is sent on the test path, and the third test packet includes a third SR label.
  • the third SR label indicates a forwarding relationship of the third test packet on the link to be tested, and the number of label layers of the third SR label is greater than the number of label layers of the first SR label and less than the first Number of label layers of two SR labels;
  • the processing unit 200 is further configured to: when the third test packet is congested in the link to be tested, and a difference between the number of label layers of the third SR label and the first SR label is equal to one Taking the number of label layers of the third SR label as the number of reference label layers, and determining the available bandwidth of the link to be tested according to the number of reference label layers.
  • processing unit 200 is further configured to:
  • the first path delay is a path delay in which the first test packet is transmitted on the test path;
  • the available bandwidth of the link to be tested is determined according to the number of reference label layers and the current transmission bandwidth.
  • the processing unit 200 determines the available bandwidth of the link to be tested according to the number of reference label layers and the current transmission bandwidth, and performs the following according to the following formula:
  • BW is the available bandwidth of the link to be tested
  • n is the number of reference label layers
  • bw is the current transmission bandwidth of the detection device.
  • processing unit 200 is further configured to:
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another detection device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the controller may include a processor 110, a memory 120, and a bus 130.
  • the processor 110 and the memory 120 are connected through a bus 130.
  • the memory 120 is configured to store instructions.
  • the processor 110 is configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory 120 to implement the steps in the methods corresponding to the above FIG. 2 to FIG. 6.
  • controller may further include an input port 140 and an output port 150.
  • the processor 110, the memory 120, the input port 140, and the output port 150 may be connected through a bus 130.
  • the processor 110 is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 120 to control the input port 140 to receive signals and test messages, and control the output port 150 to send signals and test messages to complete the steps performed by the detection device in the foregoing method.
  • the input port 140 and the output port 150 may be the same or different physical entities. When they are the same physical entity, they can be collectively called input / output ports.
  • the memory 120 may be integrated in the processor 110 or may be provided separately from the processor 110.
  • the functions of the input port 140 and the output port 150 may be considered to be implemented through a transceiver circuit or a dedicated chip for transceiver.
  • the processor 110 may be implemented by a dedicated processing chip, a processing circuit, a processor, or a general-purpose chip.
  • a manner of using a general-purpose computer may be considered to implement the detection device provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the program code that is about to implement the functions of the processor 110, the input port 140, and the output port 150 is stored in the memory, and the general-purpose processor implements the functions of the processor 110, the input port 140, and the output port 150 by executing the code in the memory.
  • a single board manner may also be considered to implement the detection device provided in the embodiment of the present application. That is, the connected main control board and interface board are configured.
  • the processor 110 and the memory 120 can be configured on the main control board, and the input port 140 and the output port 150 are configured on the interface board.
  • the main control board executes a program to generate a test message. And complete the bandwidth detection, and the sending and receiving of test messages are completed through the interface board.
  • the memory 120 may also be configured on an interface board.
  • FIG. 8 shows only one memory and a processor. In an actual controller, there may be multiple processors and memories.
  • the memory may also be referred to as a storage medium or a storage device, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the processor may be a central processing unit (“CPU”), and the processor may also be another general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). ), Ready-made programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the memory may include read-only memory and random access memory, and provide instructions and data to the processor. A portion of the memory may also include non-volatile random access memory.
  • the bus can also include a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus. However, for the sake of clarity, various buses are marked as buses in the figure.
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide a computer system including a CPU, a controller, and a storage medium.
  • a computer system including a CPU, a controller, and a storage medium.
  • the size of the sequence numbers of the above processes does not mean the order of execution.
  • the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not deal with the embodiments of the present application.
  • the implementation process constitutes any limitation.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only schematic.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, which may be electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be from a website site, computer, server, or data center Transmission by wire (for example, coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (for example, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) to another website site, computer, server, or data center.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, a data center, and the like that includes one or more available medium integration.
  • the usable medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid state disk (Solid State Disk (SSD)), and the like.
  • a magnetic medium for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape
  • an optical medium for example, a DVD
  • a semiconductor medium for example, a solid state disk (Solid State Disk (SSD)

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种检测带宽的方法及检测设备。方法包括：检测设备在测试路径上发送第一测试报文，第一测试报文包括第一分段路由SR标签,测试路径包括待测链路；第一SR标签指示第一测试报文在待测链路的转发关系；检测设备在测试路径上发送第二测试报文，第二测试报文包括第二SR标签，第二SR标签指示第二测试报文在待测链路的转发关系，第二SR标签和第一SR标签的标签层数不同；当第一测试报文在待测链路中未发生拥塞，且第二测试报文在待测链路发生拥塞时，检测设备根据第一SR标签和/或第二SR标签的标签层数确定待测链路的可用带宽。采用本申请实施例，可准确测量待测链路的带宽。

Description

一种检测带宽的方法及检测设备 技术领域
本申请涉及网络技术领域，尤其涉及一种检测带宽的方法及检测设备。
背景技术
随着网络技术的不断发展,现有网络规模持续扩大,网络的异构性和复杂性日益提高。准确实时的掌握网络状态,尤其是网络带宽信息,对于提高网络性能,优化用户的服务质量,具有重要作用。网络带宽用于表示链路或者路径的数据传输速率,其度量单位为比特率，设备的发射速率也可称为发射带宽。带宽资源是最重要的网络资源,是传输路径性能的主要决定因素之一。
现有的带宽检测可以基于探测流速率(Probe Rate Model,PRM)实现，其基本原理是：通过不断改变探测包的发射速率，寻找发射速率和到达速率(也可称为接收速率)匹配的转折点，将相应探测包的平均到达速率作为待测链路可用带宽的估算值。假设探测包的发射速率为Rs，探测包到达目的端的接收速率为Rr，待测链路的可用带宽为C，探测期间会出现以下几种情况：
1)、当目的端的接收速率Rr与发送端的发射速率Rs相等时，测试路径上未出现拥塞，此时Rs小于等于可用带宽C。
2)、当目的端的接收速率Rr小于发送端的发射速率Rs时，测试路径上出现拥塞，此时Rs大于可带宽C。
由此可知测试路径上由通畅到发生拥塞的瞬间，即当接收端速率从等于发送端速率向小于发送端速率转变的拐点处，可作为可用带宽的估算值。
但是，当发射端的最大发射带宽小于待测链路的可用带宽时，这时将已知处于情况1)，从而无法准确的测量出待测链路的带宽；当测试路径上的其他链路的可用带宽小于待测链路的可用带宽时，大带宽的探测包在其他链路会发送拥塞，因此同样无法准确的测量出待测链路的带宽。
发明内容
本申请实施例所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种检测带宽的方法及检测，以准确的测量待测链路的带宽。
第一方面，本申请的实施例提供了一种检测带宽的方法，可包括：
检测设备在测试路径上发送第一测试报文，所述第一测试报文包括第一分段路由SR标签,所述测试路径包括待测链路；所述第一SR标签指示所述第一测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系；
所述检测设备在所述测试路径上发送第二测试报文，所述第二测试报文包括第二SR标签，所述第二SR标签指示所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系，并且所述第二SR标签和所述第一SR标签具有不同的标签层数；
当所述第一测试报文在所述待测链路中未发生拥塞，并且所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路发生拥塞时，所述检测设备将所述第一SR标签和/或所述第二SR标签的标签层数作为用于检测带宽的基准标签层数，根据所述基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
通过发送不同SR标签层数的测试报文来对待测链路进行测试，不同SR标签对应的测试报文转发关系不同，通过分段路由并结合改变SR标签层数的方式，可以使得测试报文在待测链路中进行多次转发，从而实现发射端最大带宽较小时，对待测链路较大的可用带宽完成准确测量，通过改变待测链路的SR标签层数，同时也能应对测试路径上其他链路带宽较小，而待测链路可用带宽较大的情况。实现待测链路带宽的准确检测。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：
所述检测设备在所述测试路径上发送所述第二测试报文时，检测所述第二测试报文在所述测试路径上传输的第二路径时延；
当所述第二路径时延大于预设阈值时，所述检测设备确定所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路发生拥塞。
通过路径时延的检测和比较来衡量待测链路是否发生拥塞，利于带宽检测的简单实现，直观而便利。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：
若所述第二SR标签和所述第一SR标签的标签层数差值等于1，则所述检测设备将所述第二SR标签的标签层数作为所述基准标签层数，根据所述基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
当两个标签层数差值为1且满足一个处于未拥塞状态另一个处于拥塞状态时，则可以基于处于拥塞状态的标签层数来确定待测链路的可用带宽，结果较准确。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：
若所述第二SR标签和所述第一SR标签的标签层数差值大于1，所述检测设备在所述测试路径上发送第三测试报文，所述第三测试报文包括第三SR标签，所述第三SR标签指示所述第三测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系，所述第三SR标签的标签层数大于所述第一SR标签的标签层数且小于所述第二SR标签的标签层数；
当所述第三测试报文在所述待测链路中发生拥塞，并且所述第三SR标签和所述第一SR标签的标签层数差值等于1时，所述检测设备将所述第三SR标签的标签层数作为基准标签层数，根据所述基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
通过调整第二SR标签的标签层数来逼近拥塞临界点，直至得到合适的第三SR标签的标签层数，从而可以获得更加准确的检测结果。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述方法还包括：
所述检测设备根据所述基准标签层数确定对应的基准测试报文，降低发送所述基准测试报文的发射带宽，直至当前路径时延与第一路径时延的差值小于或等于预设时延差值，所述第一路径时延为所述第一测试报文在所述测试路径上传输的路径时延；
所述检测设备根据所述基准标签层数和当前的发射带宽确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
当确定了基准标签层数之后，通过减小发射带宽来进一步逼近拥塞临界点，从而可以实现对检测结果的进一步微调，得到更加准确的检测结果。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述检测设备根据所述基准标签层数和当前的发射带宽确定所述待测链路的可用带宽，根据如下公式进行：
BW＝n*bw；
其中，BW为所述待测链路的可用带宽，n为所述基准标签层数，bw为所述检测设备当前的发射带宽。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述检测设备将所述第一SR标签和所述第二SR标签的标签层数作为用于检测带宽的基准标签层数，根据所述基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽，包括：
所述检测设备根据所述第一SR标签和所述第二SR标签的标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽区间；
选取所述可用带宽区间的中间值作为所述待测链路的可用带宽。
在一种可能的实现方式中，根据二分法调整所述第一SR标签或第二SR标签的标签层数；或者
根据预设变化量调整所述第一SR标签或第二SR标签的标签层数。
在一种可能的实现方式中，当所述第二路径时延相对于第一路径时延的变化量达到预设变化量阈值，或者当所述第二路径时延相对于第一路径时延的变化率达到预设变化率阈值时，所述检测设备确定所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路发生拥塞，其中，所述第一路径时延为发送第一测试报文时，所述第一测试报文在所述测试路径上传输的时延。
第二方面，本申请的实施例提供了一种检测设备，可包括：
收发单元，用于在测试路径上发送第一测试报文，所述第一测试报文包括第一分段路由SR标签,所述测试路径包括待测链路；所述第一SR标签指示所述第一测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系；
所述收发单元还用于所述测试路径上发送第二测试报文，所述第二测试报文包括第二SR标签，所述第二SR标签指示所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系，并且所述第二SR标签和所述第一SR标签具有不同的标签层数；
处理单元，用于当所述第一测试报文在所述待测链路中未发生拥塞，并且所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路发生拥塞时，将所述第一SR标签和/或所述第二SR标签的标签层数作为用于检测带宽的基准标签层数，根据所述基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理单元还用于：
在所述测试路径上发送所述第二测试报文时，检测所述第二测试报文在所述测试路径上传输的第二路径时延；
当所述第二路径时延大于预设阈值时，确定所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路发生拥塞。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理单元还用于：
若所述第二SR标签和所述第一SR标签的标签层数差值等于1，则将所述第二SR标签的标签层数作为所述基准标签层数，根据所述基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述发送单元还用于：
若所述第二SR标签和所述第一SR标签的标签层数差值大于1，在所述测试路径上发送第三测试报文，所述第三测试报文包括第三SR标签，所述第三SR标签指示所述第三测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系，所述第三SR标签的标签层数大于所述第一SR标签的标签层数且小于所述第二SR标签的标签层数；
所述处理单元还用于当所述第三测试报文在所述待测链路中发生拥塞，并且所述第三SR标签和所述第一SR标签的标签层数差值等于1时，将所述第三SR标签的标签层数作为基准标签层数，根据所述基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理单元还用于：
根据所述基准标签层数确定对应的基准测试报文，降低发送所述基准测试报文的发射带宽，直至当前路径时延与第一路径时延的差值小于或等于预设时延差值，所述第一路径时延为所述第一测试报文在所述测试路径上传输的路径时延；
根据所述基准标签层数和当前的发射带宽确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理单元根据所述基准标签层数和当前的发射带宽确定所述待测链路的可用带宽，根据如下公式进行：
BW＝n*bw；
其中，BW为所述待测链路的可用带宽，n为所述基准标签层数，bw为所述检测设备当前的发射带宽。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述处理单元还用于：
根据所述第一SR标签和所述第二SR标签的标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽区间；
选取所述可用带宽区间的中间值作为所述待测链路的可用带宽。
第三方面，本申请的实施例提供了一种检测设备，可包括：
处理器、存储器和总线，所述处理器和存储器通过总线连接，其中，所述存储器用于存储一组程序代码，所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中存储的程序代码，执行本申请实施例第一方面或第一方面任一实现方式中的步骤。
第四方面，本申请的实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当其在计算机上运行时，实现上述第一方面或第一方面任一实现方式所述的方法。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或背景技术中的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例或背景技术中所需要使用的附图进行说明。
图1为本申请实施例检测带宽的方法应用的系统架构组成示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种检测带宽的方法的流程示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种检测带宽的方法中使用的测试报文的格式示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的另一种检测带宽的方法的流程示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的又一种检测带宽的方法的流程示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的又一种检测带宽的方法的流程示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种检测设备的组成示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的又一种检测设备的组成示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合本申请实施例中的附图对本申请的实施例进行描述。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备没有限定于已列出的步骤或单元，而是可选地还包括没有列出的步骤或单元，或可选地还包括对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
请参见图1，为本申请实施例检测带宽的方法应用的系统架构组成示意图。在该系统架构中。可以包括但不限于：检测设备1000、第一路由设备2000、第二路由设备3000。
检测设备1000可用于向测试路径上的第一路由设备2000和第二路由设备3000发送测试报文，来测试第一路由设备2000和第二路由设备3000之间的链路的可用带宽。
第一路由设备2000可用于根据测试报文中的路径信息将测试报文进行转发。
第二路由设备3000同样可用于根据测试报文中的路径信息将测试报文进行转发。
其中，路径信息可用于指示测试报文的转发路径。例如，路径信息为：<第一路由设备2000到第二路由设备3000，第二路由设备3000到第一路由设备2000，第一路由设备2000到第二路由设备3000，第二路由设备3000到第一路由设备2000>。则第一路由设备2000在第一次接收到检测设备发送的测试报文时，会根据路径信息中的路径转发顺序将测试报文转发给第二路由设备3000，第二路由设备3000会根据路径信息将测试报文转发给第一路由设备2000，当第一路由设备2000接收到第二路由设备3000根据路径信息转发的测试报文后，第一路由设备2000会根据路径信息第二次将测试报文转发给第二路由设备3000，第二路由设备3000会根据路径信息第二次将测试报文转发给第一路由设备2000。
需要说明的是，为了描述简便，在图1仅示出了由两个路由设备组成的待测链路。在一些可能的情况下，还可以包括多于两个的路由设备组成的测试路径，在测试路径上，可以包括至少一条待测链路，还可以包括一些已知可用带宽的其他链路，本申请实施例不作任何限定。
其中，检测设备1000包括但不限于：中央处理器1001(Central Processing Unit，CPU)、存储器1002、网络接口1003和用户接口1004。
中央处理器1001可用于读取计算机指令以及处理计算机软件中的数据。是计算机系统中读取指令、对指令译码并执行指令的核心部件。还可以通过读取存储器中的数据，并对数据进行相应的处理后进行输出，例如，在本申请实施例中，中央处理器1001可以通过网络接口1003从其他设备或服务器获取测试报文并根据存储器中存储的测试程序对测试报文进行配置和修改；也可以自己根据测试路径上的路由设备信息生成测试报文；还可以从存储器1002中读取预存储的测试报文进行配置和修改，本申请实施例不作任何限定。
存储器1002，又可称之为存储介质、存储装置或存储设备等，其可以包括高速随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)，也可能还包括非不稳定的存储器(non-volatile memory)，例如至少一个磁盘存储器。磁盘存储器可以用于存储操作系统和各种应用程序以 及非程序的数据。可选地，如可存储本申请实施例中可能涉及的网络拓扑信息(用于生成测试路径信息)等，中央处理器可以读取程序，并在RAM(内存)中运行，RAM可以暂时存储中央处理器读取和执行的程序，并存储程序执行后获得及需要发送的数据。
网络接口1003，用于发送和接收数据或测试报文。
可选地，检测设备1000还可以包括用户接口1004(图未示)，用于与外接设备连接，如显示屏和键盘等，利于用户查看信息和操作。
第一路由设备2000，可包括第一网络接口2001和第一处理器2002，第一网络接口2001可用于与其他设备进行通信，进行数据或测试报文的转发，如从检测设备1000接收测试报文，然后在第一处理器2002的指示下根据测试报文中的路径信息转发给第二路由设备3000；
第二路由设备3000，可包括第二网络接口3001和第二处理器3002，第二网络接口3001可用于与其他设备进行通信，进行数据或测试报文的转发，如从第一路由设备2000接收测试报文，然后在第二处理器3002的指示下根据测试报文中的路径信息转发给第一路由设备2000。
上述的检测设备1000可以是服务器、计算机、软件定义网络(Software Defined Network,SDN)控制器、路由器等具备测试报文处理和发送的设备，或者也可以模块集成于上述设备中。本申请实施例不作任何限定。
检测设备1000还可以通过单板实现，例如，检测设备可包括主控板和接口板。主控板包括：第一处理器和第一存储器。接口板可包括：接口卡。可选地，还可以包括第二处理器和第二存储器。主控板和接口板耦合。
第一存储器可以用于存储主控板的程序代码，第一处理器用于调用和执行第一存储器中的程序代码以生成并测试报文，测量待测链路的可用带宽。
接口卡可用于发送和接收数据或测试报文。作为网络接口与外部设备进行通信。
可选地，第二存储器可以用于存储接口板的程序代码，第二处理器用于调用和执行第二存储器中的程序代码以便将接收到的测试报文发送给主控板进行处理。
在一种可能的实现方式中，主控板和接口板之间建立进程间通信协议I PC控制通道。
由于在检测带宽时，检测设备发射端的最大发射带宽可能小于待测链路的可用带宽，导致无法检测得到可用带宽；也可能测试路径上的其他链路的可用带宽小于待测链路上的可用带宽，大带宽的探测包在其他链路会发送拥塞，因此同样无法准确的测量出待测链路的带宽。因此，在本申请实施例中，根据分段路由(Segment Routing，SR)技术的特性，可以对测试报文中待测链路的SR标签层数进行改变，当SR标签层数增加时，测试报文在待测链路的转发次数增多，占用带宽也将增大；当SR标签层数减少时，测试报文在待测链路的转发次数减少，占用带宽也将减小。从而实现对上述两种情况下带宽的准确检测。
下面结合图2-图6对本申请的检测带宽的方法进行详细描述。
请参见图2，图2为本申请实施例提供的一种检测带宽的方法的流程示意图；可包括如下步骤：
S201.检测设备在测试路径上发送第一测试报文。
其中，所述第一测试报文包括第一分段路由SR标签,所述测试路径包括待测链路；所述第一SR标签指示所述第一测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系。
例如，待测链路为两个路由设备A和B之间的链路，路由设备A到路由设备B的SR标签为label AB，路由设备B到路由设备A的SR标签为label BA，则第一SR标签可以包括在两个路由设备之间进行转发的至少两个SR标签，第一SR标签可以是第一测试报文在待测链路上转发的标签集合。
例如，当SR标签层数为1时，则第一SR标签包括：label AB，label BA。即测试报文将从路由设备A转发到路由设备B，再由路由设备B转发到路由设备A。
当SR标签层数为2时，则第一SR标签包括：label AB，label BA，label AB，label BA。即测试报文将从路由设备A转发到路由设备B，再由路由设备B转发到路由设备A，然后从路由设备A转发到路由设备B，再由路由设备B转发到路由设备A。
S202.检测设备在测试路径上发送第二测试报文。
其中，所述第二测试报文包括第二SR标签，所述第二SR标签指示所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系，并且所述第二SR标签和所述第一SR标签具有不同的标签层数。
例如，第一SR标签的层数为2，第二SR标签的层数可以在第一SR标签的层数上进行二分法或其他方式调整为4或8。通过标签层数的调整来调整测试报文在待测链路中占用的带宽。当标签层数增大时，测试报文在待测链路中占用的带宽增加，当标签层数减小时，测试报文在待测链路中占用的带宽减少。
S203.当第一测试报文在待测链路中未发生拥塞，并且第二测试报文在待测链路发生拥塞时，检测设备将第一SR标签和/或第二SR标签的标签层数作为用于检测带宽的基准标签层数，根据基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
可选地，本实施例中的术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
因此，可选地，在本申请实施例中可以根据第一SR标签的标签层数确定待测链路的可用带宽。例如，增大发送第一测试报文的发射带宽直至当前路径时延与发射第一测试报文时的第一路径时延的差值小于或等于预设时延差值，然后根据当前发射带宽和第一SR标签的标签层数确定待测链路的可用带宽。
可选地，还可以根据第二SR标签的标签层数确定待测链路的可用带宽。例如，降低发送第二测试报文的发射带宽直至当前路径时延与发射第二测试报文时的第二路径时延的差值小于或等于预设时延差值，然后根据当前发射带宽和第二SR标签的标签层数确定待测链路的可用带宽。
可选地，还可以根据第一SR标签和第二SR标签的标签层数确定待测链路的可用带宽。例如，可以根据第一SR标签的标签层数和发送第一测试报文的第一发射带宽；以及第二SR标签的标签层数和发送第二测试报文的第二发射带宽，确定待测链路的可用带宽区间；然后选取可用带宽区间的中间值作为待测链路的可用带宽。
可选地，在判断待测链路是否拥塞时，可以根据测试报文在测试路径上的路径时延来确定。当开始检测时，随着SR标签层数的增加，当待测链路未发生拥塞时，路径时延将保持在一个平稳，大致不变的状态。而随着SR标签层数的继续增加，当待测链路刚好发生拥 塞时，路径时延将比未发生拥塞的路径时延要大且慢慢增加；而当SR标签层数继续增加，导致待测链路拥塞较为严重时，路径时延可能会发生数量级的跳变。
因此，检测设备可以在所述测试路径上发送所述第二测试报文时，检测所述第二测试报文在所述测试路径上传输的第二路径时延，判断发送第二测试报文时是否发送拥塞；
当所述第二路径时延大于预设阈值时，所述检测设备确定所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路发生拥塞。
此处的预设阈值可以根据试验或仿真结果设置一个相对于正常路径时延较大的值，如未发生拥塞时的正常路径时延为10ms，预设阈值可设为3s，当第二路径时延大于3s时，则必然发生拥塞。当然，还可以根据正常路径时延来进行预设阈值的配置，如设置一个大于或等于正常路径时延的值如15ms，当第二路径时延大于15ms时，则可能发生拥塞。具体的数值可以根据测试路径的实际情况进行确定，本申请实施例不作任何限定。
可选地，链路拥塞的判断还可以采用当前路径时延与正常路径时延的变化量或变化率来进行判断，例如二者的差值即变化量大于某个阈值则判断为拥塞，或者二者的差值与正常路径时延的比值大于某个阈值则判断为拥塞，本申请实施例同样不作任何限定。
在本申请实施例中，通过发送不同SR标签层数的测试报文来对待测链路进行测试，不同SR标签对应的测试报文转发关系不同，通过分段路由并结合改变SR标签层数的方式，可以使得测试报文在待测链路中进行多次转发，从而实现发射端最大带宽较小时，对待测链路较大的可用带宽完成准确测量，通过改变待测链路的SR标签层数，同时也能应对测试路径上其他链路带宽较小，而待测链路可用带宽较大的情况。实现待测链路带宽的准确检测。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，为了便于描述，以一条待测链路的带宽检测为例进行了说明。当测试路径中包含多条待测链路时，同样可以采用本申请实施例中的检测方法进行检测，既可以将其他待测链路的SR标签层数固定，只调整一条待测链路的SR标签层数来实现多条待测链路的逐一检测，也可以同时调整多个待测链路的SR标签层数，由各个路由设备独立进行路径时延的检测来实现多条待测链路的同步检测，本申请实施例不作任何限定。
在本申请实施例中，采用的测试报文的格式请参见图3，为本申请实施例提供的一种检测带宽的方法中使用的测试报文的格式示意图，测试报文可包括路径信息，路径信息中可以包含测试路径上各个链路的SR标签。如图所示，路径信息包括分段路由标签1、分段路由标签2、分段路由标签3、分段路由标签4、…分段路由标签x共x个SR标签。
可选地，路径信息还可以包括IP包头，用于携带测试报文的源IP地址和目的IP地址，当检测设备与第一个接收测试报文的路由设备之间的链路未作为SR标签保存在测试报文中时，IP包头可用于测试报文在各个路由设备进行转发后返回到检测设备，由检测设备完成检测。
而当检测设备与第一个接收测试报文的路由设备之间的链路作为SR标签保存在测试报文中时，也可以不保存IP包头。
可选地，当需要通过检测路径时延来判断待测链路是否发生拥塞时，测试报文还可以包括时延检测信息，用于检测测试报文在测试路径上发送的路径时延，时延检测信息可以 包括但不限于：
报文标识(ID)，用于检测设备识别测试报文；
发送时间戳，用于在检测设备发送测试报文时，记录发送时间；
接收时间戳，用于在检测设备接收测试报文时，记录接收时间。
通过计算两个时间的时间差即可以得到路径时延。当然，路径时延的获取还可以通过发送其他的报文如Internet控制报文协议(Internet Control Message Protocol，ICMP)来进行获取。
当获取到路径时延之后，便可以判断待测链路是否发生拥塞。
当第一测试报文在所述待测链路中未发生拥塞，并且第二测试报文在所述待测链路发生拥塞，则说明拥塞临界点位于两个测试报文对应的SR标签层数之间，其中，拥塞临界点表示待测链路由未发生拥塞向发生拥塞转变的临界位置。此时，检测设备可以根据第一SR标签和第二SR标签的标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽区间；
选取所述可用带宽区间的中间值作为所述待测链路的可用带宽。
例如，第一SR标签的层数为2，第二SR标签的层数为4，发射第一测试报文和第二测试报文的发射速率即发射带宽为bw，则可以取[(2+4)/2]*bw即3*bw作为待测链路可用带宽的估计值。
可选地，若第二SR标签和第一SR标签的标签层数差值等于1，则说明拥塞临界点即对应于第二SR标签的标签层数，此时，检测设备可以将第二SR标签的标签层数作为基准标签层数，根据基准标签层数确定待测链路的可用带宽。
可选地，若第二SR标签和第一SR标签的标签层数差值大于1，则说明拥塞的临界点说明拥塞的临界点位于两个测试报文对应的SR标签层数之间，如果为了得到更加准确的带宽检测结果，可以选择第二SR标签和第一SR标签之间的标签层数来发送测试报文并进一步进行检测。
具体请参照图4，图4为本申请实施例提供的另一种检测带宽的方法的流程示意图；可包括如下步骤：
S401.检测设备在测试路径上发送第一测试报文。
所述第一测试报文包括第一分段路由SR标签,所述测试路径包括待测链路；所述第一SR标签指示所述第一测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系。
S402.检测设备在测试路径上发送第二测试报文。
所述第二测试报文包括第二SR标签，所述第二SR标签指示所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系，并且所述第二SR标签和所述第一SR标签具有不同的标签层数。
S403.当第一测试报文在待测链路中未发生拥塞，并且第二测试报文在待测链路发生拥塞，且第二SR标签和第一SR标签的标签层数差值大于1时，检测设备在测试路径上发送第三测试报文。
其中，所述第三测试报文包括第三SR标签，所述第三SR标签指示所述第三测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系，所述第三SR标签的标签层数大于所述第一SR标签的标签层数且小于所述第二SR标签的标签层数。
S404.当第三测试报文在待测链路中发生拥塞，并且第三SR标签和第一SR标签的标签层数差值等于1时，检测设备将第三SR标签的标签层数作为基准标签层数，根据基准标签层数确定待测链路的可用带宽。
可选地，在图2和图4所示的实施例中，当确定基准标签层数之后，检测设备还可以根据所述基准标签层数确定对应的基准测试报文，降低发送所述基准测试报文的发射带宽，直至当前路径时延与第一路径时延的差值小于或等于预设时延差值，所述第一路径时延为所述第一测试报文在所述测试路径上传输的路径时延。
所述检测设备根据所述基准标签层数和当前的发射带宽确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
当然，如果在初始发射测试报文时未使用最大的发射带宽，也可以在确定临界的标签层数值之后再减少1，然后增大发射带宽直至当前路径时延与第一路径时延的差值小于或等于预设时延差值。其中，临界的标签层数值表示待测链路由未发生拥塞向发生拥塞转变的临界位置所对应的标签层数的取值。
需要说明的是，此处的预设时延差值为一个大于等于0且较接近于0的数。这是由于未发生阻塞时的路径时延也可能存在轻微变化，如果忽略这种轻微变化，则可以在降低发送基准测试报文的发射带宽时，直至当前路径时延与第一路径时延的大致相同即可。
可选地，检测设备根据基准标签层数和当前的发射带宽确定待测链路的可用带宽，可以根据如下公式进行：
BW＝n*bw；
其中，BW为所述待测链路的可用带宽，n为所述基准标签层数，bw为所述检测设备当前的发射带宽。
本申请实施例所述的检测带宽的方法可以与现有检测带宽的流程兼容，例如，在不确定发射端的发射带宽是否小于待测链路的可用带宽的情况下，可参照图5，图5为本申请实施例提供的又一种检测带宽的方法的流程示意图；在图5所示实施例中，检测设备的最大发射带宽为1M，待测链路的可用带宽为3M，测试路径包括路由设备A和路由设备B，假设链路AB的标签为label AB，链路BA的标签为label BA，具体检测过程可包括如下步骤：
S501.初始化待测链路的SR标签层数n＝1。
则此时测试报文的SR包头信息为<labelAB，labelBA>。
S502.增加检测设备的发射带宽，记录对应发射带宽下的路径时延，当达到最大发射带宽时，若路径时延的变化小于等于预设时延差值，则可以确定最大发射带宽小于待测链路的可用带宽。
此处的路径时延的变化小于等于预设时延差值可理解路径时延大致不变或变化极小，可视为基本保持不变。
S503.根据二分法调整SR标签的标签层数n，使n＝2(此时SR包头为<label AB,label BA,label AB,label BA>)，发送测试报文，检测路径时延。
当然，此处也可以采用每次调整预设数量的方式来进行调整，预设数量大于等于1。
其中，步骤S503中的标签层数可作为图2实施例中的第一SR标签的标签层数。可选地，步骤S501中的标签层数也可作为图2实施例中的第一SR标签的标签层数，当需要获得更加准确的检测结果时，可以进一步对步骤S501中的标签层数进行增大以获得靠近且未 达到拥塞临界点的n值。
S504.若路径时延的变化仍小于等于预设时延差值，则调整标签层数n＝4(此时的SR包头为<label AB,label BA,label AB,label BA,label AB,label BA,label AB,label BA,>)，发射测试报文，检测路径时延。
S505.若路径时延的变化大于预设时延差值，则调整标签层数n＝3(此时的SR包头为<label AB,label BA,label AB,label BA,label AB,label BA,>)，发射测试报文，检测路径时延。
其中，步骤S504和步骤S505中的标签层数可作为图2实施例中的第二SR标签的标签层数。进一步地，S504中的标签层数可对应于第二SR标签与第一SR标签的差值大于1的情况，S505中的标签层数可对应于第二SR标签与第一SR标签的差值等于1的情况。
S506.若路径时延的变化大于预设时延差值，且小于n＝4时的变化量，则减少发射带宽，直至当前路径时延与未发生拥塞时的路径时延的差值小于或等于预设时延差值。
S507.记录当前的标签层数n＝3，根据当前的标签层数和当前的发射带宽确定待测链路的可用带宽。
例如，当前的标签层数为n＝3，当前的发射带宽为0.99M，则待测链路的可用带宽为BW＝3*0.99M≈3M。
可选地，步骤502也可以在确定了使待测链路处于拥塞临界点的n值，并对n值减1之后再执行。
在步骤S506中，若n＝3时的路径时延变化小于等于预设时延差值，则可以在步骤S507中，记录n＝4，并减少发射带宽来确定待测链路的可用带宽。
当然，以上的步骤仅用于举例说明，在进行带宽检测时，对n的调整除了先增加后减小的方式，还可以先取一个较大的n值，然后减小来逼近拥塞临界点，最后减少发射带宽来进行带宽检测，或者还可以同时取一个较小的值和一个较大的值，从两侧同时调整，逼近拥塞临界点来进行检测，本申请实施例不作任何限定。
又例如，在测试路径中的其他链路的可用带宽小于待测链路的可用带宽时，可参照图6来进行检测带宽，图6为本申请实施例提供的又一种检测带宽的方法的流程示意图；其中，测量路径上的链路AB(剩余)可用带宽为1M,小于待测链路的可用带宽3M,假设链路AB的标签为label AB，链路BA的标签为label BA，链路BC的标签为label BC，链路CB的标签为label CB。链路AB与链路BA的可用带宽相同，均为1M，为了不阻塞链路AB与链路BA，检测设备的发射带宽应≤1M。具体可包括如下步骤：
S601.初始化待测链路的SR标签层数n＝1。
则此时测试报文的SR包头信息为<label AB，l abel BC，label CB，label BA>。
S602.增加检测设备的发射带宽，记录对应发射带宽下的路径时延，当发射带宽达到非待测链路的最大可用带宽1M时，若路径时延的变化小于等于预设时延差值，则可以确定最大发射带宽小于待测链路的可用带宽。
此处的路径时延的变化小于等于预设时延差值可理解路径时延大致不变或变化极小，可视为基本保持不变。
S603.根据二分法调整SR标签的标签层数n，使n＝2(此时SR包头为<label AB,label BC， label CB,label BC，label CB,label BA>)，发送测试报文，检测路径时延。
当然，此处也可以采用每次调整预设数量的方式来进行调整，预设数量大于等于1。
其中，步骤S603中的标签层数可作为图2实施例中的第一SR标签的标签层数。可选地，步骤S601中的标签层数也可作为图2实施例中的第一SR标签的标签层数，当需要获得更加准确的检测结果时，可以进一步对步骤S601中的标签层数进行增大以获得靠近且未达到拥塞临界点的n值。
S604.若路径时延的变化仍小于等于预设时延差值，则调整标签层数n＝4(此时的SR包头为<label AB,label BC，label CB,label BC，label CB,label BC，label CB,label BC，label CB,label BA,>)，发射测试报文，检测路径时延。
S605.若路径时延的变化大于预设时延差值，则调整标签层数n＝3(此时的SR包头为<label AB,label BC，label CB,label BC，label CB,label BC，label CB,label BA>)，发射测试报文，检测路径时延。
其中，步骤S604和步骤S605中的标签层数可作为图2实施例中的第二SR标签的标签层数。进一步地，S604中的标签层数可对应于第二SR标签与第一SR标签的差值大于1的情况，S605中的标签层数可对应于第二SR标签与第一SR标签的差值等于1的情况。
S606.若路径时延的变化大于预设时延差值，且小于n＝4时的变化量，则减少发射带宽，直至当前路径时延与未发生拥塞时的路径时延的差值小于或等于预设时延差值。
S607.记录当前的标签层数n＝3，根据当前的标签层数和当前的发射带宽确定待测链路的可用带宽。
例如，当前的标签层数为n＝3，当前的发射带宽为0.99M，则待测链路的可用带宽为BW＝3*0.99M≈3M。
可选地，步骤602也可以在确定了使待测链路处于拥塞临界点的n值，并对n值减1之后再执行。
在步骤S606中，若n＝3时的路径时延变化小于等于预设时延差值，则可以在步骤S607中，记录n＝4，并减少发射带宽来确定待测链路的可用带宽。
当然，以上的步骤仅用于举例说明，在进行带宽检测时，对n的调整除了先增加后减小的方式，还可以先取一个较大的n值，然后减小来逼近拥塞临界点，最后减少发射带宽来进行带宽检测，或者还可以同时取一个较小的值和一个较大的值，从两侧同时调整，逼近拥塞临界点来进行检测，本申请实施例不作任何限定。
需要说明的是，上述实施例中主要描述了待测链路双向的可用带宽相同的情况，例如链路AB与链路BA的可用带宽相同。当链路AB与链路BA的可用带宽不同时，同样可以采用本申请实施例中增加SR标签层数的方式来进行测量。例如，测试路径上包括路由设备A、路由设备B和路由设备C，待测链路为BC，则可以由上述三个路由设备组成三角形的用于转发测试报文的单向循环回路:链路AB-链路BC-链路CA,然后同时调整该单向循环回路中的链路SR标签层数，例如将标签层数由1调整为2时，则单向循环回路变成：链路AB-链路BC-链路CA-链路AB-链路BC-链路CA，对应的路径信息中的SR包头则为：<label AB，label BC，label CA，label AB，label BC，label CA>,当链路AB和链路CA的可用带宽大于待测链路BC的可用带宽时，则随着标签层数的增加，待测链路BC会先于链路AB和链路CA达到拥塞状态， 此时便可以根据本申请实施例中的方式确定待测链路BC的可用带宽；当链路AB和链路CA的可用带宽等于待测链路BC的可用带宽时，则随着标签层数的增加，待测链路BC会与链路AB和链路CA同时达到拥塞状态，此时同样可以采用本申请实施例中的方式确定待测链路BC的可用带宽。三个以上的路由设备组成单向循环回路时，检测方式类似，此处不再赘述。
可选地，在单向循环回路之外可能还存在一个或以上的进行双向转发的路由设备。例如还存在路由设备D，未增加单向循环回路的标签层数时的路径信息为：链路DA-(链路AB-链路BC-链路CA)-链路AD，括号内为单向循环回路，当调整单向循环回路的标签层数为2时的路径信息为：链路DA-(链路AB-链路BC-链路CA-链路AB-链路BC-链路CA)-链路AD，存在多个进行双向转发的路由设备时，处理方式类似，此处不再赘述。
请参照图7，为本申请实施例提供的一种检测设备的组成示意图；可包括：
收发单元100，用于在测试路径上发送第一测试报文，所述第一测试报文包括第一分段路由SR标签,所述测试路径包括待测链路；所述第一SR标签指示所述第一测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系；
所述收发单元100还用于所述测试路径上发送第二测试报文，所述第二测试报文包括第二SR标签，所述第二SR标签指示所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系，并且所述第二SR标签和所述第一SR标签具有不同的标签层数；
处理单元200，用于当所述第一测试报文在所述待测链路中未发生拥塞，并且所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路发生拥塞时，将所述第一SR标签和/或所述第二SR标签的标签层数作为用于检测带宽的基准标签层数，根据所述基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
可选地，所述处理单元200还用于：
在所述测试路径上发送所述第二测试报文时，检测所述第二测试报文在所述测试路径上传输的第二路径时延；
当所述第二路径时延大于预设阈值时，确定所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路发生拥塞。
可选地，所述处理单元200还用于：
若所述第二SR标签和所述第一SR标签的标签层数差值等于1，则所述检测设备将所述第二SR标签的标签层数作为所述基准标签层数，根据所述基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
可选地，所述收发单元100还用于：
若所述第二SR标签和所述第一SR标签的标签层数差值大于1，在所述测试路径上发送第三测试报文，所述第三测试报文包括第三SR标签，所述第三SR标签指示所述第三测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系，所述第三SR标签的标签层数大于所述第一SR标签的标签层数且小于所述第二SR标签的标签层数；
所述处理单元200还用于当所述第三测试报文在所述待测链路中发生拥塞，并且所述第三SR标签和所述第一SR标签的标签层数差值等于1时，将所述第三SR标签的标签层数作为基准标签层数，根据所述基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
可选地，所述处理单元200还用于：
根据所述基准标签层数确定对应的基准测试报文，降低发送所述基准测试报文的发射带宽，直至当前路径时延与第一路径时延的差值小于或等于预设时延差值，所述第一路径时延为所述第一测试报文在所述测试路径上传输的路径时延；
根据所述基准标签层数和当前的发射带宽确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
可选地，所述处理单元200根据所述基准标签层数和当前的发射带宽确定所述待测链路的可用带宽，根据如下公式进行：
BW＝n*bw；
其中，BW为所述待测链路的可用带宽，n为所述基准标签层数，bw为所述检测设备当前的发射带宽。
可选地，所述处理单元200还用于：
根据所述第一SR标签和所述第二SR标签的标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽区间；
选取所述可用带宽区间的中间值作为所述待测链路的可用带宽。
该检测设备所涉及的与本申请实施例提供的技术方案相关的概念，解释和详细说明及其他步骤请参见前述方法实施例中关于这些内容的描述，此处不做赘述。
请参照图8，为本申请实施例提供的另一种检测设备的组成示意图；如图8所示，该控制器可以包括处理器110、存储器120和总线130。处理器110和存储器120通过总线130连接，该存储器120用于存储指令，该处理器110用于执行该存储器120存储的指令，以实现如上图2-图6对应的方法中的步骤。
进一步的，该控制器还可以包括输入口140和输出口150。其中，处理器110、存储器120、输入口140和输出口150可以通过总线130相连。
处理器110用于执行该存储器120存储的指令，以控制输入口140接收信号和测试报文，并控制输出口150发送信号和测试报文，完成上述方法中检测设备执行的步骤。其中，输入口140和输出口150可以为相同或者不同的物理实体。为相同的物理实体时，可以统称为输入输出口。所述存储器120可以集成在所述处理器110中，也可以与所述处理器110分开设置。
作为一种实现方式，输入口140和输出口150的功能可以考虑通过收发电路或者收发的专用芯片实现。处理器110可以考虑通过专用处理芯片、处理电路、处理器或者通用芯片实现。
作为另一种实现方式，可以考虑使用通用计算机的方式来实现本申请实施例提供的检测设备。即将实现处理器110，输入口140和输出口150功能的程序代码存储在存储器中，通用处理器通过执行存储器中的代码来实现处理器110，输入口140和输出口150的功能。
作为另一种实现方式，还可以考虑使用单板的方式来实现本申请实施例提供的检测设备。即配置藕接的主控板和接口板，可以将处理器110和存储器120配置在主控板上，输入口140和输出口150配置在接口板上，主控板执行程序生成测试报文，并完成带宽检测，而测试报文的发送和接收则通过接口板完成。可选地，存储器120也可以配置在接口板上。
该检测设备所涉及的与本申请实施例提供的技术方案相关的概念，解释和详细说明及 其他步骤请参见前述方法或其他实施例中关于这些内容的描述，此处不做赘述。
本领域技术人员可以理解，为了便于说明，图8仅示出了一个存储器和处理器。在实际的控制器中，可以存在多个处理器和存储器。存储器也可以称为存储介质或者存储设备等，本申请实施例对此不做限制。在本申请实施例中，处理器可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit，简称为“CPU”)，该处理器还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。该存储器可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器提供指令和数据。存储器的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器。该总线除包括数据总线之外，还可以包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线等。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图中将各种总线都标为总线。
根据本申请实施例提供的方法、检测设备，本申请实施例还提供一种计算机系统，其包括CPU、控制器和存储介质，三者的关系和指令流程可以参见图1-图6实施例的的描述和说明，此处不再赘述。
应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各种说明性逻辑块(illustrative logical block)和步骤(step)，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用 介质可以是磁性介质，(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘Solid State Disk(SSD))等。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种检测带宽的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    检测设备在测试路径上发送第一测试报文，所述第一测试报文包括第一分段路由SR标签,所述测试路径包括待测链路；所述第一SR标签指示所述第一测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系；
    所述检测设备在所述测试路径上发送第二测试报文，所述第二测试报文包括第二SR标签，所述第二SR标签指示所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系，并且所述第二SR标签和所述第一SR标签具有不同的标签层数；
    当所述第一测试报文在所述待测链路中未发生拥塞，并且所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路发生拥塞时，所述检测设备将所述第一SR标签和/或所述第二SR标签的标签层数作为用于检测带宽的基准标签层数，根据所述基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述检测设备在所述测试路径上发送所述第二测试报文时，检测所述第二测试报文在所述测试路径上传输的第二路径时延；
    当所述第二路径时延大于预设阈值时，所述检测设备确定所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路发生拥塞。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若所述第二SR标签和所述第一SR标签的标签层数差值等于1，则所述检测设备将所述第二SR标签的标签层数作为所述基准标签层数，根据所述基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    若所述第二SR标签和所述第一SR标签的标签层数差值大于1，所述检测设备在所述测试路径上发送第三测试报文，所述第三测试报文包括第三SR标签，所述第三SR标签指示所述第三测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系，所述第三SR标签的标签层数大于所述第一SR标签的标签层数且小于所述第二SR标签的标签层数；
    当所述第三测试报文在所述待测链路中发生拥塞，并且所述第三SR标签和所述第一SR标签的标签层数差值等于1时，所述检测设备将所述第三SR标签的标签层数作为基准标签层数，根据所述基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述检测设备根据所述基准标签层数确定对应的基准测试报文，降低发送所述基准测试报文的发射带宽，直至当前路径时延与第一路径时延的差值小于或等于预设时延差值，所述第一路径时延为所述第一测试报文在所述测试路径上传输的路径时延；
    所述检测设备根据所述基准标签层数和当前的发射带宽确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述检测设备根据所述基准标签层数和当前的发射带宽确定所述待测链路的可用带宽，根据如下公式进行：
    BW＝n*bw；
    其中，BW为所述待测链路的可用带宽，n为所述基准标签层数，bw为所述检测设备当前的发射带宽。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述检测设备将所述第一SR标签和所述第二SR标签的标签层数作为用于检测带宽的基准标签层数，根据所述基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽，包括：
    所述检测设备根据所述第一SR标签和所述第二SR标签的标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽区间；
    选取所述可用带宽区间的中间值作为所述待测链路的可用带宽。
  8. 一种检测设备，其特征在于，包括：
    收发单元，用于在测试路径上发送第一测试报文，所述第一测试报文包括第一分段路由SR标签,所述测试路径包括待测链路；所述第一SR标签指示所述第一测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系；
    所述收发单元还用于所述测试路径上发送第二测试报文，所述第二测试报文包括第二SR标签，所述第二SR标签指示所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系，并且所述第二SR标签和所述第一SR标签具有不同的标签层数；
    处理单元，用于当所述第一测试报文在所述待测链路中未发生拥塞，并且所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路发生拥塞时，将所述第一SR标签和/或所述第二SR标签的标签层数作为用于检测带宽的基准标签层数，根据所述基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的检测设备，其特征在于，所述处理单元还用于：
    在所述测试路径上发送所述第二测试报文时，检测所述第二测试报文在所述测试路径上传输的第二路径时延；
    当所述第二路径时延大于预设阈值时，确定所述第二测试报文在所述待测链路发生拥塞。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的检测设备，其特征在于，所述处理单元还用于：
    若所述第二SR标签和所述第一SR标签的标签层数差值等于1，则将所述第二SR标签的标签层数作为所述基准标签层数，根据所述基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的检测设备，其特征在于，所述收发单元还用于：
    若所述第二SR标签和所述第一SR标签的标签层数差值大于1，在所述测试路径上发送第三测试报文，所述第三测试报文包括第三SR标签，所述第三SR标签指示所述第三测 试报文在所述待测链路的转发关系，所述第三SR标签的标签层数大于所述第一SR标签的标签层数且小于所述第二SR标签的标签层数；
    所述处理单元还用于当所述第三测试报文在所述待测链路中发生拥塞，并且所述第三SR标签和所述第一SR标签的标签层数差值等于1时，将所述第三SR标签的标签层数作为基准标签层数，根据所述基准标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
  12. 根据权利要求8-11任一项所述的检测设备，其特征在于，所述处理单元还用于：
    根据所述基准标签层数确定对应的基准测试报文，降低发送所述基准测试报文的发射带宽，直至当前路径时延与第一路径时延的差值小于或等于预设时延差值，所述第一路径时延为所述第一测试报文在所述测试路径上传输的路径时延；
    根据所述基准标签层数和当前的发射带宽确定所述待测链路的可用带宽。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的检测设备，其特征在于，所述处理单元根据所述基准标签层数和当前的发射带宽确定所述待测链路的可用带宽，根据如下公式进行：
    BW＝n*bw；
    其中，BW为所述待测链路的可用带宽，n为所述基准标签层数，bw为所述检测设备当前的发射带宽。
  14. 根据权利要求8或9所述的检测设备，其特征在于，所述处理单元还用于：
    根据所述第一SR标签和所述第二SR标签的标签层数确定所述待测链路的可用带宽区间；
    选取所述可用带宽区间的中间值作为所述待测链路的可用带宽。
  15. 一种检测设备，其特征在于，包括：
    处理器、存储器和总线，所述处理器和存储器通过总线连接，其中，所述存储器用于存储一组程序代码，所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中存储的程序代码，执行如权利要求1-7任一项所述的步骤。
  16. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，包括：
    所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当其在计算机上运行时，实现如权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法。
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