WO2020037893A1 - 纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂、改性聚氨酯塑胶跑道及其铺装方法 - Google Patents

纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂、改性聚氨酯塑胶跑道及其铺装方法 Download PDF

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WO2020037893A1
WO2020037893A1 PCT/CN2018/120774 CN2018120774W WO2020037893A1 WO 2020037893 A1 WO2020037893 A1 WO 2020037893A1 CN 2018120774 W CN2018120774 W CN 2018120774W WO 2020037893 A1 WO2020037893 A1 WO 2020037893A1
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nano
silica
modified polyurethane
foaming agent
plastic
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French (fr)
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田友斌
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田友斌
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C08K13/02—Organic and inorganic ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
    • C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K3/36—Silica
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C08K5/0016—Plasticisers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/06—Pavings made in situ, e.g. for sand grounds, clay courts E01C13/003
    • E01C13/065—Pavings made in situ, e.g. for sand grounds, clay courts E01C13/003 at least one in situ layer consisting of or including bitumen, rubber or plastics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2101/00—Manufacture of cellular products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
    • C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
    • C08K2003/265—Calcium, strontium or barium carbonate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/002—Physical properties
    • C08K2201/003—Additives being defined by their diameter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/002—Physical properties
    • C08K2201/006—Additives being defined by their surface area
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of polymer materials, in particular to a nano-silica reinforced foaming agent, a modified polyurethane formula using nano-silica as a reinforcing foaming agent, a modified polyurethane plastic runway, and the paving of the plastic runway. ⁇ ⁇ Installation method.
  • plastic flooring for sports fields has a history of about 50 years.
  • the existing plastic track used in school playgrounds generally uses polyurethane synthetic plastic as the main body, the bottom layer uses black rubber powder, and the surface layer is sprayed with colored particles.
  • these plastic runways are designed and constructed in accordance with the old standards.
  • the strength and elasticity of plastic runways are not ideal, the service life is short, and secondary pollution is common during construction.
  • some construction parties had cut corners and cut materials in order to reduce the cost of construction. They used a lot of materials to pave plastic runways using inferior and even toxic and harmful raw materials, which caused great harm to the health of teachers and students and had a bad social impact.
  • the micro-foamed plastic runway is generally foamed at the construction site. Foaming is usually performed by directly adding a small amount of water or adding a chemical foaming agent. Take a plastic track with a thickness of 13mm as an example, the material consumption is more than 13kg per square meter, the construction process is complicated, and it is usually divided into 4 procedures to complete. The requirements for weather and environmental conditions during construction are high, especially the temperature and humidity have a great impact on the foaming of plastic runways, often causing excessively large bubbles, or incomplete foaming, and high technical requirements for the construction personnel. Quality control is very difficult, and the quality of the plastic runway is difficult to meet the relevant technical requirements. In addition, the surface coating of the plastic runway is also constructed on the site.
  • the wind direction is also required during the construction. It cannot be constructed in high winds and cannot be constructed in the wind. In short, the construction is difficult. If not handled properly, it will not only pollute the environment, but also damage the environment. The construction personnel caused injuries, and at the same time, the construction quality and construction progress of the plastic runway could not be effectively guaranteed.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a nano-silica reinforced foaming agent for modified polyurethane, and a modified polyurethane formulation using nano-silica as a reinforcing foaming agent. And a modified polyurethane plastic runway and a method for paving the plastic runway.
  • a nano-silica reinforced foaming agent for modified polyurethane the nano-silica is powdery, the diameter of its particles is between 0.01 micrometer and 1.0 micrometer, and its specific surface area is 20 to 30 square meters / G; the nano-silica fine powder is formed into a loose micro-molecular cluster structure by a special granulator through a semi-encryption processing process, and the density of the micro-molecular cluster is 300 to 500 kg / m3.
  • the nano-silica micromolecular group is adsorbed with water.
  • the silica content in the nano silica powder is 90% or more.
  • a modified polyurethane using the above nano-silica reinforced foaming agent including but not limited to the following weight percentage components:
  • the balance is filler.
  • the filler is talc or calcium carbonate; and the plasticizer is a synthetic vegetable ester plasticizer.
  • a modified polyurethane plastic runway using nano-silica reinforced foaming agent the plastic runway is composed of an upper surface, an intermediate layer and a bottom surface, and the intermediate layer is provided with a plurality of closed and independent small airbags near the upper surface.
  • the diameter of the airbag is relatively small and denser; the diameter of the airbag is between 0.1 and 1.5 millimeters; the upper surface, the middle layer and the bottom surface of the plastic runway are connected to each other and form an integral structure.
  • the thickness of the plastic runway is between 5 and 25 millimeters, and the diameter of the airbag near the upper surface 1 to 3 millimeters is between 0.1 and 1.0 millimeter.
  • an upper surface of the plastic runway is provided with a non-slip structure
  • the non-slip structure includes an embossed pattern of a non-slip pattern or a concave-convex structure.
  • a method for paving modified polyurethane plastic track using nano-silica reinforced foaming agent comprising the following steps:
  • a special mold is used to roll anti-skid patterns or embossed shapes on the surface of the above plastic runway, and after curing, a finished plastic runway is formed.
  • the step (1) further includes a dehydration step, and the dehydration time is controlled to 0.5 to 1.5 hours.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: compared with the prior art, the present invention solves the difficulties of existing plastic runway construction, high cost, unstable quality control, easy to cause secondary environmental pollution, and difficulty in meeting new national mandatory standards.
  • the problem can be well solved by the technical solution provided by the present invention.
  • nano-silica is used as a reinforcing foaming agent for a modified polyurethane synthetic material, which not only helps the foaming of the material, but also plays a reinforcing role on the material.
  • Polyurethane synthetic materials are used for the pavement of sports venues, with low cost and easy construction, and can reduce secondary pollution during the construction of plastic runways.
  • the raw materials of the invention are non-toxic and harmless, and meet the requirements of environmental protection. Not only can effectively protect people's physical health and sports safety, but also improve the strength and elasticity of the plastic track, and prolong the service life.
  • the plastic runway paved with the polyurethane synthetic material and process of the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention creatively uses nano-silica as a foaming and reinforcing material for modified polyurethane plastics, which not only helps the material to foam, but also plays a reinforcing role.
  • the polyurethane produces silica with uniform and dense bubbles. , Improve the strength and tensile strength of polyurethane synthetic plastics, improve wear resistance, aging resistance and UV resistance, which can reduce the amount and weight of plastic runways, while enhancing the strength and elasticity of plastic runways.
  • the invention has relatively low cost, simple construction, stable quality control, and can effectively reduce secondary pollution during construction.
  • the sports field paved with the materials and processes of the present invention has high elasticity, super wear resistance, high structural strength, and meets environmental protection requirements. It can lay the thickness required to complete a plastic runway at one time, which fully complies with the National Standard GB46236-2018.
  • the plastic runway of the present invention has better elasticity, higher strength, and saves material.
  • the polyurethane material has a large change in its internal structure after the addition of silicon dioxide, and the strength is greatly improved.
  • the plastic runway paving surface forms a large number from bottom to top Airtight and independent airbags.
  • the diameter of the airbag is generally between 0.1 and 1.5 mm. Close to the upper surface 2 to 3 mm to form a dense, small diameter micro-airbag, which makes the plastic runway more flexible and more powerful.
  • the use of raw materials is more economical.
  • the traditional plastic runway with a thickness of 13 mm is compared for calculation.
  • the present invention only needs to lay a thickness of 8 to 10 mm, which can meet the relevant technical parameters of the runway, achieve the same technical performance and effect, and save 3 to 3 compared with the traditional plastic runway. 5 mm thick raw materials, which greatly reduces the manufacturing and construction costs of plastic runways, and significantly improves economic efficiency.
  • the middle layer of the plastic track is composed of many airbags of different sizes, which has better elasticity and shock absorption effect, which can reduce sports injuries and effectively protect the safety and physical health of athletes.
  • the detection data are as follows: vertical deformation of 2.2mm, the new national standard is 0.6-3.0mm; the impact absorption rate is 41%, and the new national standard is 35-50%; The tensile strength is 0.78MPa, the new national standard is ⁇ 0.4MPa; the elongation at break is 150%, and the new national standard is ⁇ 40%. All test data meet and exceed the requirements of national mandatory standards.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a plastic track of the present invention.
  • 1, is the upper surface, 2, the middle layer, 3, the bottom surface, 4, the airbag.
  • a nano-silica reinforced foaming agent for modified polyurethane the nano-silica is powdery, the diameter of its particles is between 0.01 micrometer and 1.0 micrometer, and its specific surface area is 20 to 30 square meters / G; the nano-silica fine powder is formed into a loose micro-molecular cluster structure by a special granulator through a semi-encryption processing process, and the density of the micro-molecular cluster is 300 to 500 kg / m3.
  • the granulation process of the nano-silica needs to maintain a certain environmental humidity, so that the silica micromolecular groups are adsorbed and contain a certain amount of water.
  • the silica content in the nano silica powder is 90% or more.
  • a modified polyurethane using the above nano-silica reinforced foaming agent including but not limited to the following weight percentage components:
  • the balance is filler.
  • the filler is talc or calcium carbonate;
  • the plasticizer is a synthetic vegetable ester plasticizer.
  • the semi-encryption technology is used to make the nano-silica form a plurality of micromolecular groups, which can not only serve as a reinforcing agent for the polyurethane composite material, but also function as a powerful foaming agent.
  • the amount of foaming and the amount of nano-silica added Proportionally, the distribution of foaming is relatively uniform.
  • the diameter of the formed bubbles is generally between 0.1 mm and 1.5 mm.
  • the amount of nano silica added in this embodiment is preferably 40%.
  • a modified polyurethane plastic runway using nano-silica reinforced foaming agent the plastic runway is composed of an upper surface 1, an intermediate layer 2 and a bottom surface 3, and the intermediate layer 2 is provided with a plurality of airtight
  • the small airbags 4 that are independent of each other have a relatively small diameter near the upper surface and are more dense.
  • the diameter of the airbag 4 in this embodiment is between 0.1 and 1.5 mm; the upper surface 1, the middle layer 2 and the bottom surface 3 of the plastic track are connected to each other and form an integral structure.
  • the thickness of the plastic runway is between 5 and 25 mm, and the diameter of the airbag 4 near the upper surface 1 to 3 mm is between 0.1 and 1.0 mm.
  • the upper surface 1 of the plastic track is provided with a non-slip structure, and the non-slip structure includes an embossed pattern of a non-slip pattern or a concave-convex structure.
  • a method for paving modified polyurethane plastic track using nano-silica reinforced foaming agent comprising the following steps:
  • Example 2 The polyether polyol, plasticizer, and filler weighed according to the weight percentage of Example 2 are added to a reaction kettle at normal temperature, and the temperature is increased to 100-120 ° C, and the temperature is stirred while heating;
  • a special mold is used to roll anti-skid patterns or embossed shapes on the surface of the above plastic runway, and after curing, a finished plastic runway is formed.
  • the step (1) further includes a dehydration step, and the dehydration time is controlled to be 0.5 to 1.5 hours.
  • the step of adding nano-silica can be divided into two steps. For the first time, a small amount of nano-silica is added first, or 5-5% of the total weight of nano-silica should be added as the first addition.
  • the amount of nano-silica is mainly used as a reinforcing agent for the reaction; the remaining nano-silica is added for the second time, and the nano-silica is mainly used as a foaming agent. react.
  • the amount of foaming is proportional to the amount of nano-silica added, and the distribution of foaming is more uniform.
  • the diameter of the bubbles formed is generally between 0.1mm-1.5mm.
  • the invention uses a granulator to produce nano-silica micro-molecule groups through a semi-encryption process.
  • the silica micro-molecule groups contain a certain amount of water, and its surface activity is strong.
  • the polyether prepolymer undergoes a chemical reaction, and the generated carbon dioxide gas forms many closed and independent small airbags inside the polyurethane material.
  • silicon dioxide can also improve the strength and tensile strength of polyurethane synthetic materials, improve abrasion resistance, aging resistance and UV performance, reduce the amount and weight of plastic runways, and enhance the strength and elasticity of plastic runways.

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Abstract

一种纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂、改性聚氨酯塑胶跑道及其铺装方法。纳米二氧化硅微粒直径在0.01-1.0微米之间，比表面积为20至30平方米/克。改性聚氨酯包括异氰酸酯6-12％，聚醚多元醇30-55％，纳米二氧化硅5-50％。塑胶跑道由整体结构的上表面、中间层和底面构成，中间层设有若干密闭且相互独立的小型气囊，气囊直径0.1-1.5毫米。采用纳米二氧化硅作为改性聚氨酯材料的增强发泡剂，既有助于材料发泡，又能增强材料的强度。获得的塑胶跑道，重量减少，成本较低，施工质量稳定，无二次污染，原材料无毒无害，符合环保要求，不仅能保障运动安全，而且提高了塑胶跑道的强度和弹性，延长了使用寿命。

Description

纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂、改性聚氨酯塑胶跑道及其铺装方法 技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域，尤其是一种纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂、采用纳米二氧化硅作为增强发泡剂的改性聚氨酯配方、改性聚氨酯塑胶跑道，以及该塑胶跑道的铺装方法。
背景技术
运动场采用塑胶地坪已有50年左右的发展历史，现有学校操场铺设的塑胶跑道，一般是采用聚氨酯合成塑胶作为主体，底层采用黑色胶粉，面层喷涂彩色颗粒。目前，这些塑胶跑道都是按照旧标准设计和施工的，塑胶跑道的强度和弹性均不理想，使用寿命较短，并且施工时普遍存在二次污染。曾经有个别施工方为降低造价，偷工减料，以次充好，使用劣质甚至有毒、有害的原材料铺装塑胶跑道，对学校师生的身体健康造成较大危害，社会影响恶劣。
2018年5月，国家教育部及相关科研机构联合出台了塑胶跑道新的国家标准：GB36246-2018《中小学合成材料面层运动场》强制性国家标准，该标准对于塑胶跑道使用的材料和施工进一步规范，大幅度提高相关技术要求，将于2018年11月1日起正式实施。
目前，微发泡塑胶跑道一般是在施工现场进行发泡作业的，发泡作业通常是直接加入少量的水或加入化学发泡剂。以13mm厚度的塑胶跑道为例，其用料量每平方米在13kg以上，施工工艺复杂，通常要分成4道工序才能完工。施工时对于天气和环境条件的要求高，特别是气温和湿度对塑胶跑道的发泡影响较大，往往容易造成气泡过大，或者发泡不完全，并且对施工人员的技术要求很高，现场质量控制十分困难，塑胶跑道铺设的质量很难达到相关技术要求。此 外，塑胶跑道的面层喷涂也是在现场进行施工的，施工时对风向也有要求，大风天气不能施工，顶风时不能施工，总之施工难度大，如果操作不当，不仅会污染环境，而且还会对施工人员造成伤害，同时，塑胶跑道的施工质量和施工进度都不能得到有效保障。
发明内容
对于塑胶跑道新的国家强制性标准，本发明的目的是提供一种用于改性聚氨酯的纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂，和采用纳米二氧化硅作为增强发泡剂的改性聚氨酯配方，以及改性聚氨酯塑胶跑道和该塑胶跑道的铺装方法。
本发明的目的是通过采用以下技术方案来实现的：
一种用于改性聚氨酯的纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂，所述纳米二氧化硅为粉状，其微粒的直径在0.01微米至1.0微米之间，其比表面积为20至30平方米/克；纳米二氧化硅微粉通过专用造粒机经过半加密加工工艺形成松散型微分子团结构，所述微分子团的密度为300至500千克/立方米。
作为本发明的优选技术方案，所述纳米二氧化硅微分子团吸附有水。
作为本发明的优选技术方案，所述纳米二氧化硅粉中的二氧化硅含量大于等于90％。
一种采用上述纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂的改性聚氨酯，包含但不限于以下重量百分比组份：
Figure PCTCN2018120774-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018120774-appb-000002
余量为填料。
作为本发明的优选技术方案，所述填料为滑石粉或碳酸钙；所述增塑剂为合成植物酯增塑剂。
一种采用纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂的改性聚氨酯塑胶跑道，所述塑胶跑道由上表面、中间层和底面构成，所述中间层设有若干密闭且相互独立的小型气囊，靠近上表面气囊的直径相对较小，并且更加密集；所述气囊的直径在0.1至1.5毫米之间；所述塑胶跑道的上表面、中间层和底面相互连接并形成整体结构。
作为本发明的优选技术方案，所述塑胶跑道的厚度在5至25毫米之间，靠近上表面1至3毫米位置的气囊直径在0.1至1.0毫米之间。
作为本发明的优选技术方案，所述塑胶跑道的上表面设有防滑结构，防滑结构包括防滑花纹或凹凸结构的压花造型。
一种采用纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂的改性聚氨酯塑胶跑道铺装方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将按照重量百分比称量的聚醚多元醇、增塑剂、填料，在常温下加入反应釜，升温到100-120℃，升温的同时进行搅拌；
(2)将上述反应釜抽真空，等待反应釜温度降到常温时，加入纳米二氧化硅并进行搅拌；
(3)所述反应釜温度降到常温后，加入异氰酸酯，反应釜升温到70-90℃，使反应釜内原料反应1-2小时，然后加入催化剂，继续反应1-2小时；
(4)反应釜中分别加入抗老化剂、颜料、氨基硅烷偶联剂，充分搅拌，降温后形成所述改性聚氨酯塑胶膏状物；
(5)将上述步骤获得的改性聚氨酯塑胶膏状物铺装到指定位置，形成塑胶跑道半成品；
(6)采用专用模具在上述塑胶跑道的表面滚压防滑花纹或压花造型，固化后形成塑胶跑道成品。
作为本发明的优选技术方案，所述步骤(1)还包括脱水步骤，脱水时间控制在0.5至1.5小时。
本发明的有益效果是：相对于现有技术，本发明解决了现有塑胶跑道施工难度大，成本高，质量控制不稳定，易产生二次环境污染，以及很难达到新国家强制性标准的问题，通过本发明提供的技术方案，能够很好的解决上述问题。
本发明采用纳米二氧化硅作为改性聚氨酯合成材料的增强发泡剂，既有助于材料的发泡，又能对材料起到增强作用。聚氨酯合成材料用于运动场地的铺装，成本低廉，施工简便，还能减少塑胶跑道施工的二次污染。本发明的原材料无毒、无害，符合环保要求，不仅能够有效保障人们的身体健康和运动安全，而且提高了塑胶跑道的强度和弹性，延长使用寿命。
采用本发明聚氨酯合成材料和工艺铺装的塑胶跑道与现有传统塑胶跑道相比，具有以下优点：
1、本发明创造性采用纳米二氧化硅作为改性聚氨酯塑胶的发泡和增强材料，既有助于材料的发泡，又能起到增强作用，聚氨酯添加二氧化硅后产生均 匀和致密的气泡，提高聚氨酯合成塑胶的强度和拉伸力，提高耐磨性、耐老化和抗紫外线性能，从而能够降低塑胶跑道的用料量和重量，同时增强塑胶跑道的强度和弹性。
2、本发明成本相对较低，施工简便，质量控制稳定，能够有效减少施工的二次污染。采用本发明材料和工艺铺装的运动场地具有高弹性，超耐磨，结构强度高，并且满足环保要求，可以一次性铺设完成塑胶跑道所需的厚度，完全符合《GB46236-2018国家标准》。
3、本发明塑胶跑道弹性更好、强度更高，并且节省材料，聚氨酯材料添加二氧化硅后其内部结构产生较大的变化，强度大幅度提高，塑胶跑道铺装面从下到上形成众多密闭且相互独立的气囊，气囊直径一般在0.1至1.5毫米之间，靠近上表面2至3毫米的区间形成致密的、直径较小的微气囊，从而使得塑胶跑道弹性更好，拉力更强，原材料用量更省。以13毫米厚度的传统塑胶跑道进行对比测算，本发明只需要铺设8至10毫米的厚度，即能满足跑道相关技术参数要求，达到相同的技术性能和效果，相比传统的塑胶跑道节省3至5毫米厚度的原材料，从而大幅度降低塑胶跑道的制造和施工成本，显著提高经济效益。
4、塑胶跑道的中间层由众多大小不等的气囊组成，弹性和吸震效果更好，从而能够减少运动伤害，有效保护运动者的安全和身体健康。
5、通过对本发明聚氨酯材料铺设的塑胶跑道成品进行现场取样检测，其检测数据如下：垂直变形2.2mm，新国标为0.6-3.0mm；冲击吸收率41％，新国标为35-50％；拉伸强度0.78MPa，新国标为≥0.4MPa；拉断伸长率为150％，新国标为≥40％。所有检测数据均满足并超过国家强制性标准的要求。
附图说明
图1是本发明塑胶跑道的结构示意图。
图中：1、是上表面，2、中间层，3、底面，4、气囊。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
实施例一
一种用于改性聚氨酯的纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂，所述纳米二氧化硅为粉状，其微粒的直径在0.01微米至1.0微米之间，其比表面积为20至30平方米/克；纳米二氧化硅微粉通过专用造粒机经过半加密加工工艺形成松散型微分子团结构，所述微分子团的密度为300至500千克/立方米。
本实施例中，所述纳米二氧化硅的造粒过程需要保持一定的环境湿度，从而使得二氧化硅微分子团吸附并含有一定的水。所述纳米二氧化硅粉中的二氧化硅含量大于等于90％。
实施例二
一种采用上述纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂的改性聚氨酯，包含但不限于以下重量百分比组份：
Figure PCTCN2018120774-appb-000003
余量为填料。
本实施例中，所述填料为滑石粉或碳酸钙；所述增塑剂为合成植物酯增塑剂。本实施例使用半加密技术使纳米二氧化硅形成众多微分子团，既能作为聚氨酯复合材料的增强剂，又能起到强力发泡剂的作用，发泡量与纳米二氧化硅的添加量成正比，发泡的分布较为均匀，形成的气泡直径一般在0.1mm-1.5mm之间，本实施例纳米二氧化硅的添加量优选为40％。
实施例三
如图1所示，一种采用纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂的改性聚氨酯塑胶跑道，所述塑胶跑道由上表面1、中间层2和底面3构成，所述中间层2设有若干密闭且相互独立的小型气囊4，靠近上表面气囊4的直径相对较小，并且更加密集。本实施例所述气囊4的直径在0.1至1.5毫米之间；所述塑胶跑道的上表面1、中间层2和底面3相互连接并形成整体结构。
本实施例中，所述塑胶跑道的厚度在5至25毫米之间，靠近上表面1至3毫米位置的气囊4直径在0.1至1.0毫米之间。塑胶跑道的上表面1设有防滑结构，防滑结构包括防滑花纹或凹凸结构的压花造型。
实施例四
一种采用纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂的改性聚氨酯塑胶跑道铺装方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将按照实施例二重量百分比称量的聚醚多元醇、增塑剂、填料，在常温下加入反应釜，升温到100-120℃，升温的同时进行搅拌；
(2)将上述反应釜抽真空，等待反应釜温度降到常温时，加入纳米二氧化硅并进行搅拌；
(3)所述反应釜温度降到常温后，加入异氰酸酯，反应釜升温到70-90℃，使反应釜内原料反应1-2小时，然后加入催化剂，继续反应1-2小时；
(4)反应釜中分别加入抗老化剂、颜料、氨基硅烷偶联剂，充分搅拌，降温后形成所述改性聚氨酯塑胶膏状物；
(5)将上述步骤获得的改性聚氨酯塑胶膏状物铺装到指定位置，形成塑胶跑道半成品；
(6)采用专用模具在上述塑胶跑道的表面滚压防滑花纹或压花造型，固化后形成塑胶跑道成品。
本实施例中，所述步骤(1)还包括脱水步骤，脱水时间控制在0.5至1.5小时。根据具体的施工要求，可以将加入纳米二氧化硅的步骤分为两次，第一次，先加入少量纳米二氧化硅，或者按照应加入纳米二氧化硅总重量的5-35％作为首次加入量，并进行搅拌，此次的纳米二氧化硅主要是作为增强剂来进行反应的；第二次再加入余下的纳米二氧化硅，此次的纳米二氧化硅主要是作为发泡剂来进行反应的。发泡量与纳米二氧化硅的添加量成正比，并且发泡的分布较为均匀，形成的气泡直径一般在0.1mm-1.5mm之间。
本发明采用造粒机将纳米二氧化硅通过半加密工艺生产获得二氧化硅微分子团，二氧化硅微分子团中含有一定量的水，其表面活性强，与单双组份聚氨酯中的聚醚预聚体发生化学反应，产生的二氧化碳气体在聚氨酯材料内部形成众多密闭且相互独立的小型气囊。同时，二氧化硅还能提高聚氨酯合成材料的强度和拉伸力，提高耐磨性、耐老化和搞紫外线性能，降低塑胶跑道的用料量和重量，增强塑胶跑道的强度和弹性，从而大幅度降低塑胶跑道的制造和施工成本，显著提高塑胶跑道的质量和经济效益。
上述实施例仅限于说明本发明的构思和技术特征，其目的在于让本领域的技术人员了解发明的技术方案和实施方式，并不能据此限制本发明的保护范围。凡是根据本发明技术方案所作的等同替换或等效变化，都应涵盖在本发明权利要求书的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于改性聚氨酯的纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂，其特征是：所述纳米二氧化硅为粉状，其微粒的直径在0.01微米至1.0微米之间，其比表面积为20至30平方米/克；纳米二氧化硅微粉通过专用造粒机经过半加密加工工艺形成松散型微分子团结构，所述微分子团的密度为300至500千克/立方米。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于改性聚氨酯的纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂，其特征是：所述纳米二氧化硅微分子团吸附有水。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的用于改性聚氨酯的纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂，其特征是：所述纳米二氧化硅粉中的二氧化硅含量大于等于90％。
  4. 一种采用如权利要求1至3任一项所述的纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂的改性聚氨酯，其特征是：包含但不限于以下重量百分比组份：
    Figure PCTCN2018120774-appb-100001
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的采用纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂的改性聚氨酯，其特征是：所述填料为滑石粉或碳酸钙；所述增塑剂为合成植物酯增塑剂。
  6. 一种如权利要求4所述的采用纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂的改性聚氨酯塑 胶跑道，其特征是：所述塑胶跑道由上表面、中间层和底面构成，所述中间层设有若干密闭且相互独立的小型气囊，靠近上表面气囊的直径相对较小，并且更加密集；所述气囊的直径在0.1至1.5毫米之间；所述塑胶跑道的上表面、中间层和底面相互连接并形成整体结构。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的采用纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂的改性聚氨酯塑胶跑道，其特征是：所述塑胶跑道的厚度在5至25毫米之间，靠近上表面1至3毫米位置的气囊直径在0.1至1.0毫米之间。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的采用纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂的改性聚氨酯塑胶跑道，其特征是：所述塑胶跑道的上表面设有防滑结构，防滑结构包括防滑花纹或凹凸结构的压花造型。
  9. 一种如权利要求6所述的采用纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂的改性聚氨酯塑胶跑道铺装方法，其特征是包括以下步骤：
    (1)将按照重量百分比称量的聚醚多元醇、增塑剂、填料，在常温下加入反应釜，升温到100-120℃，升温的同时进行搅拌；
    (2)将上述反应釜抽真空，等待反应釜温度降到常温时，加入纳米二氧化硅并进行搅拌；
    (3)所述反应釜温度降到常温后，加入异氰酸酯，反应釜升温到70-90℃，使反应釜内原料反应1-2小时，然后加入催化剂，继续反应1-2小时；
    (4)反应釜中分别加入抗老化剂、颜料、氨基硅烷偶联剂，充分搅拌，降温后形成所述改性聚氨酯塑胶膏状物；
    (5)将上述步骤获得的改性聚氨酯塑胶膏状物铺装到指定位置，形成塑胶跑道半成品；
    (6)采用专用模具在上述塑胶跑道的表面滚压防滑花纹或压花造型，固化后形成塑胶跑道成品。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的采用纳米二氧化硅增强发泡剂的改性聚氨酯塑胶跑道铺装方法，其特征是：所述步骤(1)还包括脱水步骤，脱水时间控制在0.5至1.5小时。
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