WO2020037558A1 - 天线及无人机 - Google Patents

天线及无人机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020037558A1
WO2020037558A1 PCT/CN2018/101773 CN2018101773W WO2020037558A1 WO 2020037558 A1 WO2020037558 A1 WO 2020037558A1 CN 2018101773 W CN2018101773 W CN 2018101773W WO 2020037558 A1 WO2020037558 A1 WO 2020037558A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frequency
low
connection section
antenna
frequency connection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/101773
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吕超
李栋
马宁
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SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
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SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd filed Critical SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN201880038872.3A priority Critical patent/CN110770972B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/101773 priority patent/WO2020037558A1/zh
Publication of WO2020037558A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020037558A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/285—Aircraft wire antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q5/15—Resonant antennas for operation of centre-fed antennas comprising one or more collinear, substantially straight or elongated active elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an antenna and an unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • the antenna is an important device for space signal transmission. With the popularization of smart devices and the need for miniaturization of smart devices, the requirements for miniaturization of antenna sizes have become higher and higher.
  • the current miniaturization design of the antenna will increase the physical weight of the antenna or cause a loss of antenna performance. Take the dipole antenna as an example. At present, the dipole antenna is usually miniaturized by bending or increasing the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate and the thickness of the plate, but this miniaturization method will reduce the bandwidth of the antenna or increase the antenna's weight.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an antenna and a drone.
  • the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a feeding point, a high-frequency radiation unit, and a low-frequency radiation unit. One end of the high-frequency radiation unit is connected to the feeding point.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit includes a first low-frequency connection section, an inductor, and a second low-frequency connection section. One end of the first low-frequency connection section is connected to the feeding point, and the first low-frequency connection section, the inductor, and the The second low-frequency connection section is sequentially connected, and the width of the second low-frequency connection section gradually widens from the start end connected to the inductor to the end of the second low-frequency connection section.
  • An embodiment of the present invention includes a drone body and an antenna.
  • the antenna is disposed on the drone body.
  • the antenna includes a feeding point, a high-frequency radiation unit, and a low-frequency radiation unit.
  • One end of the high-frequency radiation unit is connected to the feeding point.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit includes a first low-frequency connection section, an inductor, and a second low-frequency connection section.
  • One end of the first low-frequency connection section is connected to the feeding point, and the first low-frequency connection section, the inductor, and the The second low-frequency connection section is sequentially connected, and the width of the second low-frequency connection section gradually widens from the start end connected to the inductor to the end of the second low-frequency connection section.
  • the antenna and drone of the embodiment of the present invention by adding inductance to the low-frequency radiating unit, and designing the width of the low-frequency radiating unit in the form of gradually changing width, the antenna can be miniaturized, the antenna bandwidth can be increased, and the antenna can be improved. performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an impedance diagram of an antenna according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a standing wave ratio diagram of an antenna according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a pattern diagram of a low-frequency radiating element of an antenna according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a pattern diagram of a high-frequency radiation unit of an antenna according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a drone according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides an antenna 100.
  • the antenna 100 includes a feeding point 10, a high-frequency radiation unit 20, and a low-frequency radiation unit 30.
  • One end of the high-frequency radiation unit 20 is connected to the feeding point 10.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit 30 includes a first low-frequency connection section 31, an inductor 33, and a second low-frequency connection section 35.
  • One end of the first low-frequency connection section 31 is connected to the feeding point 10.
  • the first low-frequency connection section 31, the inductor 33, and the second low-frequency connection section 35 are sequentially connected.
  • the width of the second low-frequency connection section 35 gradually widens from the starting end A connected to the inductor 33 to the end B of the second low-frequency connection section 35.
  • the antenna 100 is a dipole antenna
  • the number of the high-frequency radiation units 20 is two
  • the number of the low-frequency radiation units 32 is also two.
  • the feeding point 10 includes a feeding point 11 and a ground point 13. As shown in FIG. 1, the feeding point 11 is located on the left half of the antenna 100, and the ground point 13 is located on the right half of the antenna 100.
  • the feeding point 10 is an interface between the antenna 100 and the feeder line, and is used to connect the antenna 100 and the feeder line.
  • the feeder connects the antenna 100 and the transceiver system.
  • the antenna 100 When the antenna 100 is used as a transmitting antenna, the transmitter in the transceiver system outputs high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy). The high-frequency current energy is transmitted to the antenna 100 through the feeder.
  • the antenna 100 converts high-frequency current energy into electromagnetic wave energy and radiates it into space. in.
  • the antenna 100 converts electromagnetic wave signals transmitted from space into high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy), and the high-frequency current energy is transmitted to the receiver through a feeder.
  • Each high-frequency radiation unit 20 includes two high-frequency radiation portions 21.
  • the two high-frequency radiating portions 21 in each radiating unit 20 are symmetrical about the low-frequency radiating unit 30.
  • Each high-frequency radiation section 21 includes a first high-frequency connection section 211 and a second high-frequency connection section 213.
  • One end of the first high-frequency connection section 211 is connected to the feeding point 10, and the first high-frequency connection section 211.
  • the other end is connected to the second high-frequency connection section 213.
  • Each first high-frequency connection section 211 is perpendicular to the extending direction of the low-frequency radiating unit 30, and each second high-frequency connection section 213 is consistent with and parallel to the extension direction of the low-frequency connection section 30.
  • the two high-frequency radiating portions 21 on the left are symmetrical about the low-frequency radiating unit 30 on the left, and the two high-frequency radiating portions 21 on the right are about the low-frequency radiating unit on the right. 30 symmetry.
  • one end of the two first high-frequency connection sections 211 is connected to the feeding point 11; in the high-frequency radiation unit 20 on the right, one end of the two first high-frequency connection sections 211 Both are connected to ground point 13.
  • the first high-frequency connecting section 211 is designed to be perpendicular to the extending direction of the low-frequency radiating unit 30, and the second high-frequency connecting section 213 is designed to be consistent and parallel with the extending direction of the low-frequency radiating unit 30.
  • the interval between the high-frequency radiating unit 20 and the low-frequency radiating unit 30 can correspondingly reduce the interaction between the high-frequency radiating unit 20 and the low-frequency radiating unit 30, and ensure that both the high-frequency radiating unit 20 and the low-frequency radiating unit 30 have good Radiation performance.
  • the structure symmetry of the antenna 100 can be increased, and the impedance between the high-frequency radiating unit 20 and the feeder line can be improved. Matching, reducing the standing wave ratio, and improving the radiation performance of the high-frequency radiating unit 20.
  • Each low-frequency radiation unit 30 is composed of a first low-frequency connection section 31, an inductor 33, and a second low-frequency connection section 35, and the first low-frequency connection section 31, the inductor 33, and the second low-frequency connection section 35 are sequentially connected. Specifically, in the low-frequency radiating unit 30 on the left, one end of the first low-frequency connection section 31 is connected to the feeding point 11, the other end of the first low-frequency connection section 31 is connected to the inductor 33, and the inductor 33 is connected to the first low-frequency connection section. The opposite end of 31 is connected to the second low-frequency connection section 35.
  • one end of the first low-frequency connection section 31 is connected to the ground point 13
  • the other end of the first low-frequency connection section 31 is connected to the inductor 33
  • the end of the inductor 33 opposite to the first low-frequency connection section 31 It is connected to the second low-frequency connection section 35.
  • the length of the first low-frequency connection section 31 is adjustable. Specifically, for the low-frequency radiation unit 30 on the left side of the antenna 100, the distance between the end point where the inductor 33 is connected to the first low-frequency connection section 31 and the feed point 11 is adjustable. As for the unit 30, the distance between the end point of the inductor 33 and the first low-frequency connection section 31 and the ground point 13 is adjustable.
  • the length of the first low-frequency connection section 31 is related to the inductance value of the antenna 100.
  • the antenna design when the total length of the low-frequency radiating portion of the antenna is a quarter of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the low-frequency radiating portion, the antenna is purely resistive and will not reflect high-frequency current energy back to the signal source. The radiation efficiency of the antenna is high.
  • the length of the first low-frequency connection section 31 can be adjusted to change the inductance value of the antenna 100. For example, the length of the low-frequency radiation unit 30 is reduced to reduce the antenna 100.
  • the length of the first low-frequency connection section 31 can be appropriately increased to increase the inductance of the antenna. After the length of the low-frequency radiation unit 30 is reduced, the impedance characteristics of the low-frequency radiation unit 30 can still be close Pure resistance, which can generate resonance, and radiation efficiency will not be reduced.
  • the inductor 33 is any one of a serpentine bending structure, a spiral bending structure, and a wavy bending structure. That is to say, the inductor 33 may be a serpentine bent structure, a spiral bent structure, or a wavy bent structure, which is not limited herein.
  • the serpentine bent structure of the inductor 33 increases the path of the current flowing into the inductor 33, and accordingly, the effective electrical length of the low-frequency radiating unit 30 can be increased and reduced.
  • the resonance frequency of the small low-frequency radiating unit 30 can reduce the size of the low-frequency radiating unit 30.
  • the number of bends of the inductor 33 is adjustable.
  • the number of bends of the inductor 33 may be determined according to a frequency band to be covered by the low-frequency radiating unit 30 and a specific device applied to the antenna 100. For example, when the antenna 100 is applied to a device with a relatively small demand for miniaturization of the antenna 100, the number of bending of the inductor 33 can be appropriately reduced; for another example, when the antenna 100 is applied to a high demand for miniaturization of the antenna 100 When the frequency band corresponding to the low-frequency radiating unit 30 is low, at this time, the number of bends of the inductor 33 can be appropriately increased.
  • the width of the second low-frequency connection section 35 gradually widens from the starting end A connected to the inductor 33 to the end B of the second low-frequency connection section 35. Specifically, the width of the second low-frequency connection section 35 may be changed in an exponential form. The width of the second low-frequency connection section 35 gradually becomes wider.
  • the terminal inductance of the low-frequency radiation unit 30 is increased, the path of the current flowing into the second low-frequency connection section 35 is increased, and the effective electrical length of the low-frequency radiation unit 30 is correspondingly increased. Thus, the size of the low-frequency radiating unit 30 is reduced.
  • the width of the second low-frequency connecting section 35 changes exponentially, different parts of the low-frequency radiating unit 30 emit or receive electromagnetic waves of different frequencies.
  • the ratio of the wavelengths of different frequency signals to the actual low-frequency radiating unit 30 is constant. Therefore, the width of the low-frequency radiating unit 30 changes exponentially to cover more frequencies, and the bandwidth of the low-frequency radiating unit 30 can be increased.
  • the distance between the second high-frequency connection sections 213 of the two high-frequency radiation sections 21 of the same high-frequency radiation unit 20 is equal to the width of the ends of the second low-frequency connection section 35. In this way, it is possible to ensure that the opening at the end of the second low-frequency connection section 35 is sufficiently wide without increasing the longitudinal size of the antenna 100.
  • the line between the feed point 11 and the ground point 13 has a center line, two high-frequency radiating units 20 are symmetrically arranged about the center line, and two low-frequency radiating units 30 are symmetrically arranged about the center line.
  • the antenna 100 has the largest opening angle.
  • the current flows through the high-frequency radiation unit 20 and the low-frequency radiation unit 30 on the side of the ground point 13 (the right side shown in FIG. 1) and the current flows through.
  • the flow direction of the high-frequency radiating unit 20 and the low-frequency radiating unit 30 on the side where the feeding point 11 is located is the same.
  • the high-frequency radiating unit 20 and the low-frequency radiating unit 30 connected to the ground point 13 form a first radiating portion and connect the high-frequency The radiating unit 20 and the low-frequency radiating unit 30 form a second radiating portion.
  • the directions of the induced electromotive forces generated by the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are the same.
  • the induced electromotive forces of the same direction are superimposed to make the antenna 100 more directional and have better radiation performance. .
  • the length of the antenna 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention can reach 0.28 ⁇ , that is, the distance between the ends of the two low-frequency radiation units 30 is 0.28 ⁇ .
  • ⁇ is a wavelength of an electromagnetic wave radiated by the low-frequency radiation unit 30. It can be understood that the length of an antenna that is not miniaturized is usually 0.5 compared with an antenna that is not miniaturized, that is, an antenna that is not loaded with an inductor 33 and the width of the low-frequency radiation unit 30 is not gradually widened. ⁇ , and the length of the antenna 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention is shortened to 0.28 ⁇ , and the size of the antenna 100 is significantly reduced.
  • the frequency band of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the high-frequency radiating unit 20 and the frequency band of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the low-frequency radiating unit 30 can be adjusted according to the actual requirements of the specific equipment to which the antenna 100 is applied. For example, when antenna 100 is applied to devices such as drone 1000 (shown in Figure 6), unmanned vehicles, and intelligent robots, these devices usually use the free 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz bands for communication. At this time, the low-frequency radiation unit The frequency band of electromagnetic waves radiated by 30 may be 2.400 GHz to 2.4835 GHz, and the frequency band of electromagnetic waves radiated by high-frequency radiating unit 20 may be 5.725 GHz to 5.850 GHz.
  • the antenna 100 is applied to a device that uses mobile network communication (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, etc.) for communication, for example, the device that uses the antenna 100 uses 2G (GSM900) and 4G (FDD-LTE) for communication, low-frequency radiation
  • the frequency band of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the unit 30 may be 909 MHz to 960 MHz, and the frequency band of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the high-frequency radiating unit 20 may be 1755 MHz to 1860 MHz.
  • FIG. 2 is an impedance diagram of the antenna 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the horizontal axis of the impedance diagram represents the radiation frequency of the antenna 100
  • the vertical axis represents the impedance value of the antenna 100.
  • FIG. 2 is an impedance chart obtained by taking the frequency band of electromagnetic waves radiated by the low-frequency radiating unit 30 between 2.400 GHz and 2.4835 GHz and the frequency band of electromagnetic waves radiated by the high-frequency radiating unit 20 between 5.725 GHz and 5.850 GHz.
  • the low-frequency radiation unit 30 has a resistance value of 37.6272 ohms ( ⁇ ) and a reactance value of -0.9900 ⁇ , which matches the ideal impedance value (that is, the resistance is 50 ⁇ and the reactance is 0 ⁇ ) It is relatively similar, indicating that the impedance matching between the low-frequency radiating unit 30 of the antenna 100 and the feeder is better.
  • the energy fed by the feeder to the low-frequency radiating unit 30 can be effectively absorbed and radiated by the low-frequency radiating unit 30.
  • the high-frequency radiating unit 20 has a resistance value of 65.9729 ⁇ and a reactance value of -16.4965 ⁇ , which is also close to the ideal impedance matching value (that is, the resistance is 50 ⁇ and the reactance is 0 ⁇ ), which indicates that the antenna 100 has a high value.
  • the impedance matching between the frequency radiating unit 20 and the feeder line is better.
  • the energy fed into the high frequency radiating unit 20 by the feeder line can be effectively absorbed and radiated by the high frequency radiating unit 20.
  • FIG. 3 is a standing wave ratio chart of the antenna 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the horizontal axis of the standing wave ratio chart indicates the radiation frequency of the antenna 100 and the vertical axis indicates the standing wave ratio of the antenna 100.
  • FIG. 3 is a standing wave ratio chart obtained by taking the frequency band of electromagnetic waves radiated by the low-frequency radiating unit 30 between 2.400 GHz and 2.4835 GHz and the frequency band of electromagnetic waves radiated by the high-frequency radiating unit 20 between 5.725 GHz and 5.850 GHz. It can be seen from FIG.
  • the standing wave ratio of the low-frequency radiating unit 30 is less than 2
  • the standing wave ratio of the high-frequency radiating unit 20 is also less than 2, which indicates that the low-frequency radiation of the antenna 100
  • the impedance matching between the unit 30 and the feeder is better.
  • the energy fed from the feeder to the low-frequency radiating unit 30 is reflected back to the feeder less.
  • the impedance matching between the high-frequency radiating unit 20 of the antenna 100 and the feeder is also relatively low.
  • the portion of the energy fed into the high-frequency radiating unit 20 by the feeder line is also reflected back to the feeder line, which satisfies the requirement of the standing wave ratio of the antenna 100.
  • FIG. 4 is a pattern diagram of the low-frequency radiating unit 30 of the antenna 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a solid line is a horizontal pattern and a dotted line is a pitch pattern.
  • the antenna 100 can be used in, for example, an unmanned aerial vehicle 1000 (shown in FIG. 6) or a non-fixed-point communication device such as an unmanned vehicle, which requires high antenna omnidirectionality.
  • FIG. 5 is a pattern diagram of the high-frequency radiating unit 20 of the antenna 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a solid line is a horizontal pattern and a dotted line is a pitch pattern.
  • the omnidirectionality of the high-frequency radiation unit 20 of the antenna 100 is also good.
  • the antenna 100 can be used in, for example, an unmanned aerial vehicle 1000 (shown in FIG. 6), a device that communicates at a non-fixed point, such as an unmanned vehicle, and has high requirements on antenna omnidirectionality.
  • the antenna 100 adds inductance 33 to the low-frequency radiating unit 30 and designs the width of the low-frequency radiating unit 30 in the form of a gradually changing width, so that the antenna 100 can be miniaturized and the bandwidth of the antenna 100 can be increased To improve the performance of the antenna 100.
  • the two high-frequency radiating units 20 may not be symmetrically disposed about the center line, and the two low-frequency radiating units 30 may It may not be set symmetrically about the center line. That is, the opening angle between the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion may be less than 180 degrees.
  • the antenna 100 forms a directional antenna, and the directional antenna 100 has a higher gain.
  • the present invention further provides a drone 1000.
  • the drone 1000 includes the antenna 100 and the drone body 200 of any one of the above embodiments.
  • the antenna 100 is disposed on the drone body 200.
  • the drone body may include a tripod (or landing gear), and the antenna 100 may be disposed in the tripod.
  • the antenna 200 since the antenna 200 is miniaturized, it can be integrated into the drone 1000 without occupying more space of the drone 1000, which is further beneficial to the miniaturization design of the drone 1000.
  • the antenna 100 covers a wide frequency band and has good omnidirectionality, which can ensure the stability of communication in the non-fixed communication form of the drone 1000.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality” is at least two, for example, two, three, unless specifically defined otherwise.

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Abstract

一种天线(100)和无人机(1000)包括馈电点(10)、高频辐射单元(20)和低频辐射单元(30)。高频辐射单元(20)的一端连接馈电点(10)。低频辐射单元(30)包括第一低频连接段(31)、电感(33)及第二低频连接段(35)。第一低频连接段(31)的一端连接馈电点(10)。第一低频连接段(31)、电感(33)、第二低频连接段(35)依次连接。第二低频连接段(35)的宽度自与电感(33)连接的起始端至第二低频连接段(35)的末端逐渐变宽。

Description

天线及无人机 技术领域
本发明涉及天线技术领域，特别涉及一种天线及无人机。
背景技术
天线是空间信号传输的重要器件。随着智能设备的普及以及智能设备尺寸小型化的需求，对天线尺寸的小型化的要求也越来越高。目前天线小型化设计的方式会增加天线的物理重量，或导致天线的性能的损失。以偶极子天线为例，目前偶极子天线通常通过弯折或增加介质基板的介电常数以及板材的厚度来实现小型化，但这种小型化方式会减小天线的带宽或增加天线的重量。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供一种天线及无人机。
本发明实施方式的天线包括馈电点、高频辐射单元和低频辐射单元。所述高频辐射单元的一端连接所述馈电点。所述低频辐射单元包括第一低频连接段、电感及第二低频连接段，所述第一低频连接段的一端连接所述馈电点，所述第一低频连接段、所述电感、所述第二低频连接段依次连接，所述第二低频连接段的宽度自与所述电感连接的起始端至所述第二低频连接段的末端逐渐变宽。
本发明实施方式的无人机包括无人机本体及天线。所述天线设置在所述无人机本体上。所述天线包括馈电点、高频辐射单元和低频辐射单元。所述高频辐射单元的一端连接所述馈电点。所述低频辐射单元包括第一低频连接段、电感及第二低频连接段，所述第一低频连接段的一端连接所述馈电点，所述第一低频连接段、所述电感、所述第二低频连接段依次连接，所述第二低频连接段的宽度自与所述电感连接的起始端至所述第二低频连接段的末端逐渐变宽。
本发明实施方式的天线及无人机，通过在低频辐射单元中增加电感，并将低频辐射单元的宽度设计成宽度渐变的形式，使得天线能够小型化，且能够增加天线的带宽，改善天线的性能。
本发明的实施方式的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实施方式的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施方式的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本发明某些实施方式的天线的结构示意图。
图2是本发明某些实施方式的天线的阻抗图。
图3是本发明某些实施方式的天线的驻波比图。
图4是本发明某些实施方式的天线的低频辐射单元的方向图。
图5是本发明某些实施方式的天线的高频辐射单元的方向图。
图6是本发明某些实施方式的无人机的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施方式，所述实施方式的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施方式是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
请参阅图1，本发明提供一种天线100。天线100包括馈电点10、高频辐射单元20和低频辐射单元30。高频辐射单元20的一端连接馈电点10。低频辐射单元30包括第一低频连接段31、电感33及第二低频连接段35。第一低频连接段31的一端连接馈电点10。第一低频连接段31、电感33、第二低频连接段35依次连接。第二低频连接段35的宽度自与电感33连接的起始端A至第二低频连接段35的末端B逐渐变宽。
具体地，天线100为偶极子天线，高频辐射单元20的数量为两个，低频辐射单元32的数量也为两个。
馈电点10包括馈入点11和接地点13。如图1所示，馈入点11位于天线100的左半部分，接地点13位于天线100的右半部分。馈电点10是天线100与馈线的接口，用于连接天线100和馈线。馈线连接天线100和收发系统。天线100作为发射天线时，收发系统中的发射机输出高频电流能量(或导波能量)，高频电流能量经馈线传送至天线100，天线100将高频电流能量转换成电磁波能量辐射到空间中。天线100作为接收天线时，天线100将空间传来的电磁波信号转换成高频电流能量(或导波能量)，高频电流能量经馈线传送给接收机。
每个高频辐射单元20都包括两个高频辐射部21。每个辐射单元20中的两个高频辐射部21均关于低频辐射单元30对称。其中，每个高频辐射部21均包括第一高频连接段211和第二高频连接段213，第一高频连接段211的一端与馈电点10连接，第一高频连接段211的另一端与第二高频连接段213连接。每个第一高频连接段211均与低频辐射单元30的延伸方向垂直，每个第二高频连接段213均与低频连接段30的延伸方向一致且平行。具体地， 如图1所示的天线100中，左侧的两个高频辐射部21关于左侧的低频辐射单元30对称，右侧的两个高频辐射部21关于右侧的低频辐射单元30对称。左侧的高频辐射单元20中，两个第一高频连接段211的一端均连接到馈入点11；右侧的高频辐射单元20中，两个第一高频连接段211的一端均连接到接地点13。
如此，将第一高频连接段211设计成与低频辐射单元30的延伸方向垂直，且将第二高频连接段213设计成与低频辐射单元30的延伸方向一致且平行，一方面可以增大高频辐射单元20与低频辐射单元30之间的间隔，对应地可以减小高频辐射单元20与低频辐射单元30之间的相互影响，保证高频辐射单元20和低频辐射单元30均具有良好的辐射性能。另外，通过在每个高频辐射单元20中设置两个关于低频辐射单元30对称的高频辐射部21，可以增加天线100的结构的对称性，提升高频辐射单元20与馈线之间的阻抗匹配，减小驻波比，提升高频辐射单元20的辐射性能。
每个低频辐射单元30均由第一低频连接段31、电感33和第二低频连接段35组成，第一低频连接段31、电感33和第二低频连接段35依次相连。具体地，左侧的低频辐射单元30中，第一低频连接段31的一端与馈入点11连接，第一低频连接段31的另一端与电感33连接，电感33的与第一低频连接段31相对的一端与第二低频连接段35连接。右侧的低频辐射单元30中，第一低频连接段31的一端与接地点13连接，第一低频连接段31的另一端与电感33连接，电感33的与第一低频连接段31相对的一端与第二低频连接段35连接。
其中，第一低频连接段31的长度可调。具体地，对于天线100左侧的低频辐射单元30而言，电感33与第一低频连接段31连接的端点与馈入点11之间的距离是可调的，对于天线100右侧的低频辐射单元30而言，电感33与第一低频连接段31连接的端点与接地点13之间的距离是可调的。第一低频连接段31的长度与天线100的电感值相关。可以理解的是，天线设计中，天线的低频辐射部分的总长度为低频辐射部分辐射的电磁波的波长的四分之一时，天线呈纯电阻性，不会把高频电流能量反射回信号源，天线的辐射效率较高。但在天线的小型化设计中，若直接减小天线的低频辐射部分的总长度，使得低频辐射部分的总长度小于低频辐射部分辐射的电磁波的波长的四分之一，此时会导致天线的阻抗呈容性，经馈线传送至天线的高频电流能量会反射回信号源，从而导致天线的辐射效率大幅降低。因此，本发明实施方式的天线100的小型化设计中，可以调节第一低频连接段31的长度，从而改变天线100的电感值，例如，在减小低频辐射单元30的长度以减小天线100的尺寸时，为避免辐射效率降低的问题，可以适当增加第一低频连接段31的长度，从而增加天线的电感，使得低频辐射单元30的长度减少后，低频辐射单元30的阻抗特性还能接近纯电阻，从而能产生谐振，辐射效率不会被降低。
电感33为蛇形的弯折结构、螺旋形的弯折结构、波浪形的弯折结构中的任意一种。也即是说，电感33可为蛇形的弯折结构，也可为螺旋形的弯折结构，还可为波浪形的弯折结构，在此不做限制。以图1所示的蛇形的弯折结构的电感33为例，电感33的蛇形弯折结构增长了流入电感33的电流的路径，对应地可以增加低频辐射单元30的有效电长度，减小低频辐射单元30的谐振频率，从而可以减小低频辐射单元30的尺寸。电感33的弯折个数是可调的，具体可以根据低频辐射单元30所需覆盖的频段以及天线100应用的具体设备来确定电感33的弯折个数。例如，在天线100应用在对天线100的小型化需求相对较低的设备中时，可以适当减少电感33的弯折个数；再例如，在天线100应用在对天线100的小型化需求较高，低频辐射单元30对应的频段较低时，此时，可以适当增加电感33的弯折个数。
第二低频连接段35的宽度自与电感33连接的起始端A至第二低频连接段35的末端B逐渐变宽。具体地，第二低频连接段35的宽度可以呈指数形式渐变。第二低频连接段35的宽度逐渐变宽，一方面增加了低频辐射单元30的末端电感，增长了流入第二低频连接段35的电流的路径，对应地增加低频辐射单元30的有效电长度，从而减小低频辐射单元30的尺寸；另一方面，第二低频连接段35的宽度呈指数形式渐变时，低频辐射单元30的不同部分发射或接收不同频率的电磁波，由于各辐射部分相对应的不同频率信号的波长与实际的低频辐射单元30的比值是不变的，因此，低频辐射单元30的宽度呈指数形式渐变可以覆盖更多的频率，低频辐射单元30的带宽可以得到提升。
请再结合图1，同一个高频辐射单元20的两个高频辐射部21的第二高频连接段213之间的间距与第二低频连接段35的末端的宽度相等。如此，可以保障第二低频连接段35的末端的开口足够宽，同时又不会增加天线100的纵向尺寸。
请再结合图1，馈入点11和接地点13之间的连线具有一条中线，两个高频辐射单元20关于中线对称设置，两个低频辐射单元30页关于中线对称设置。如此，天线100具有最大的张开角度，此时，电流在流经接地点13所在侧(图1所示的右侧)的高频辐射单元20和低频辐射单元30的流向与电流在流经馈入点11所在侧的高频辐射单元20和低频辐射单元30的流向一致，连接接地点13的高频辐射单元20和低频辐射单元30组成第一辐射部分，连接馈入点11的高频辐射单元20和低频辐射单元30组成第二辐射部分，第一辐射部分与第二辐射部分产生的感应电动势的方向相同，方向相同的感应电动势叠加，使得天线100方向性更好，辐射性能更佳。
本发明实施方式的天线100的长度可达到0.28λ，也即是，两个低频辐射单元30的末端之间的距离为0.28λ。其中，λ为低频辐射单元30辐射的电磁波的波长。可以理解的是，与未做小型化设计的天线，即与既未加载电感33且低频辐射单元30的宽度又未逐渐变宽 的天线相比，未做小型化设计的天线的长度通常为0.5λ，而本发明实施方式的天线100的长度缩短到0.28λ，天线100的尺寸明显减小。
本发明实施方式的天线100中，高频辐射单元20辐射的电磁波的频段与低频辐射单元30辐射的电磁波的频段可以根据天线100应用的具体设备的实际需求来进行调整。例如，将天线100应用在无人机1000(图6所示)、无人车、智能机器人等设备上时，这些设备通常使用免费的2.4GHz和5.8GHz频段进行通信，此时，低频辐射单元30辐射的电磁波的频段可为2.400GHz～2.4835GHz，高频辐射单元20辐射的电磁波的频段可为5.725GHz～5.850GHz。若是将天线100应用在使用移动网络通信(2G、3G、4G、5G等)进行通信的设备上，例如应用天线100的设备使用2G(GSM900)和4G(FDD-LTE)进行通信，则低频辐射单元30辐射的电磁波的频段可为909MHz～960MHz，高频辐射单元20辐射的电磁波的频段可为1755MHz～1860MHz。
请结合图2，图2是本发明实施方式的天线100的阻抗图，阻抗图中横轴表示天线100的辐射频率，纵轴表示天线100的阻抗值。图2是以低频辐射单元30辐射的电磁波频段为2.400GHz～2.4835GHz，高频辐射单元20辐射的电磁波的频段为5.725GHz～5.850GHz为例得到的阻抗图。从图2可以看出，在2.4G频段中，低频辐射单元30的电阻值为37.6272欧姆(Ω)，电抗值为-0.9900Ω，与理想的阻抗匹配值(即电阻为50Ω，电抗为0Ω)较为相近，说明天线100的低频辐射单元30与馈线之间的阻抗匹配较佳，馈线馈入低频辐射单元30的能量能够被低频辐射单元30有效地吸收并辐射出去。在5.8G频段中，高频辐射单元20的电阻值为65.9729Ω，电抗值为-16.4965Ω，与理想的阻抗匹配值(即电阻为50Ω，电抗为0Ω)也较为相近，说明天线100的高频辐射单元20与馈线之间的阻抗匹配较佳，馈线馈入高频辐射单元20的能量能够被高频辐射单元20有效地吸收并辐射出去。
请结合图3，图3是本发明实施方式的天线100的驻波比图，驻波比图中横轴表示天线100的辐射频率，纵轴表示天线100的驻波比。图3是以低频辐射单元30辐射的电磁波频段为2.400GHz～2.4835GHz，高频辐射单元20辐射的电磁波的频段为5.725GHz～5.850GHz为例得到的驻波比图。从图3可以看出，在2.4G频段中，低频辐射单元30的驻波比小于2，在5.8G频段中，高频辐射单元20的驻波比也小于2，这说明天线100的低频辐射单元30与馈线之间的阻抗匹配较佳，馈线馈入低频辐射单元30的能量被反射回馈线的部分较少，同样地，天线100的高频辐射单元20与馈线之间的阻抗匹配也较佳，馈线馈入高频辐射单元20的能量被反射回馈线的部分也较少，满足天线100的对驻波比的要求。
请参阅图4，图4是本发明实施方式的天线100的低频辐射单元30的方向图，其中，实线是水平方向图，虚线是俯仰面方向图。由图4可以看出，天线100的低频辐射单元30的全向性较佳。因此，天线100可以使用在例如无人机1000(图6所示)、无人车等非固 定点通信的、对天线全向性要求较高的设备中。
请参阅图5，图5是本发明实施方式的天线100的高频辐射单元20的方向图，其中，实线是水平方向图，虚线是俯仰面方向图。由图5可以看出，天线100的高频辐射单元20的全向性也较佳。天线100可以使用在例如无人机1000(图6所示)、无人车等非固定点通信的、对天线全向性要求较高的设备中。
综上，本发明实施方式的天线100通过在低频辐射单元30中增加电感33，并将低频辐射单元30的宽度设计成宽度渐变的形式，使得天线100能够小型化，且能够增加天线100的带宽，改善天线100的性能。
当然，在某些实施方式中，若天线100应用的设备对天线的全向性要求不高，则此时，两个高频辐射单元20可以不关于中线对称设置，两个低频辐射单元30也可以不关于中线对称设置。也即是说，第一辐射部分与第二辐射部分之间张开的角度可以小于180度，此时，天线100形成定向天线，定向天线100具有较高的增益。
请参阅图6，本发明还提供一种无人机1000。无人机1000包括上述任意一项实施方式的天线100以及无人机本体200。天线100设置无人机本体200上。在一些实施例中，所述无人机本体可以包括脚架(或起落架)，天线100可以设置在所述脚架中。
如此，由于天线200被小型化，可以集成在无人机1000中且不会占用无人机1000较多的空间，进一步地有利于无人机1000的小型化设计。另外，天线100覆盖的频段较宽，全向性较好，可以保障无人机1000这种非固定通信形式下的通信的稳定性。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“某些实施方式”、“一个实施方式”、“一些实施方式”、“示意性实施方式”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”的描述意指结合所述实施方式或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施方式或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施方式或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施方式或示例中以合适的方式结合。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个所述特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个，除非另有明确具体的限定。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种天线，其特征在于，所述天线包括：
    馈电点；
    高频辐射单元，所述高频辐射单元的一端连接所述馈电点；和
    低频辐射单元，所述低频辐射单元包括第一低频连接段、电感及第二低频连接段，所述第一低频连接段的一端连接所述馈电点，所述第一低频连接段、所述电感、所述第二低频连接段依次连接，所述第二低频连接段的宽度自与所述电感连接的起始端至所述第二低频连接段的末端逐渐变宽。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述高频辐射单元包括两个高频辐射部，两个所述高频辐射部关于所述低频辐射单元对称设置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线，其特征在于，每个所述高频辐射部包括第一高频连接段和第二高频连接段，所述第一高频连接段的一端连接所述馈电点，另一端连接所述第二高频连接段，所述第一高频连接段与所述低频辐射单元的延伸方向垂直，所述第二高频连接段与所述低频辐射单元的延伸方向平行。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第二低频连接段的宽度自与所述电感连接的起始端至所述第二低频连接段的末端呈指数形式渐变。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的天线，其特征在于，两个所述高频辐射部的所述第二高频连接段之间的间距与所述第二低频连接段的末端的宽度相等。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述电感为蛇形的弯折结构、螺旋形的弯折结构、波浪形的弯折结构中的任意一种。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一低频连接段的长度可调，所述电感的弯折个数可调。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线为偶极子天线，所述高频辐射单元与所述低频辐射单元的数量均为两个，所述馈电点包括馈入点和接地点；其中一个所述低频辐射单元的所述第一低频连接段的一端连接所述馈入点，其中一个所述高频辐射单 元的两个所述第一高频连接段的一端连接所述馈入点；其中另一个所述低频辐射单元的所述低频连接段的一端连接所述接地点，其中另一个所述高频辐射单元的两个所述第一高频连接段的一端连接所述接地点。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的天线，其特征在于，所述馈入点与所述接地点的连线具有一中线，两个所述高频辐射单元关于所述中线对称设置，两个所述低频单元关于所述中线对称设置。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的天线，其特征在于，两个所述低频辐射单元的所述末端之间的距离为0.28λ，其中，λ为所述低频辐射单元辐射的电磁波的波长。
  11. 一种无人机，其特征在于，所述无人机包括：
    无人机本体；和
    天线，所述天线设置在所述无人机本体上，所述天线包括：
    馈电点；
    高频辐射单元，所述高频辐射单元的一端连接所述馈电点；和
    低频辐射单元，所述低频辐射单元包括第一低频连接段、电感及第二低频连接段，所述第一低频连接段的一端连接所述馈电点，所述第一低频连接段、所述电感、所述第二低频连接段依次连接，所述第二低频连接段的宽度自与所述电感连接的起始端至所述第二低频连接段的末端逐渐变宽。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的无人机，其特征在于，所述高频辐射单元包括两个高频辐射部，两个所述高频辐射部关于所述低频辐射单元对称设置。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的无人机，其特征在于，每个所述高频辐射部包括第一高频连接段和第二高频连接段，所述第一高频连接段的一端连接所述馈电点，另一端连接所述第二高频连接段，所述第一高频连接段与所述低频辐射单元的延伸方向垂直，所述第二高频连接段与所述低频辐射单元的延伸方向平行。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的无人机，其特征在于，所述第二低频连接段的宽度自与所述电感连接的起始端至所述第二低频连接段的末端呈指数形式渐变。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的无人机，其特征在于，两个所述高频辐射部的所述第二高频连接段之间的间距与所述第二低频连接段的末端的宽度相等。
  16. 根据权利要求11所述的无人机，其特征在于，所述电感为蛇形的弯折结构、螺旋形的弯折结构、波浪形的弯折结构中的任意一种。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的无人机，其特征在于，所述第一低频连接段的长度可调，所述电感的弯折个数可调。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的无人机，其特征在于，所述天线为偶极子天线，所述高频辐射单元与所述低频辐射单元的数量均为两个，所述馈电点包括馈入点和接地点；其中一个所述低频辐射单元的所述第一低频连接段的一端连接所述馈入点，其中一个所述高频辐射单元的两个所述第一高频连接段的一端连接所述馈入点；其中另一个所述低频辐射单元的所述低频连接段的一端连接所述接地点，其中另一个所述高频辐射单元的两个所述第一高频连接段的一端连接所述接地点。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的无人机，其特征在于，所述馈入点与所述接地点的连线具有一中线，两个所述高频辐射单元关于所述中线对称设置，两个所述低频单元关于所述中线对称设置。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的无人机，其特征在于，两个所述低频辐射单元的所述末端之间的距离为0.28λ，其中，λ为所述低频辐射单元辐射的电磁波的波长。
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