WO2020022481A1 - 高強度鋼板 - Google Patents
高強度鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020022481A1 WO2020022481A1 PCT/JP2019/029432 JP2019029432W WO2020022481A1 WO 2020022481 A1 WO2020022481 A1 WO 2020022481A1 JP 2019029432 W JP2019029432 W JP 2019029432W WO 2020022481 A1 WO2020022481 A1 WO 2020022481A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C2202/00—Physical properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength steel sheet, specifically, a high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of 1300 MPa or more, which is suitable for structural members such as automobiles mainly used after being pressed and has excellent bake hardenability. is there.
- a high-strength steel sheet specifically, a high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of 1300 MPa or more, which is suitable for structural members such as automobiles mainly used after being pressed and has excellent bake hardenability. is there.
- Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-141244 filed on July 27, 2018, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the bake hardening is performed by interstitial elements (carbon and nitrogen) diffusing into dislocations formed by press molding (hereinafter, also referred to as “prestrain”) during baking at 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. and fixing the dislocations. This is the strain aging phenomenon that occurs.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a high-strength steel sheet mainly composed of bainite and martensite. In the high-strength steel sheet disclosed in Patent Document 1, after the steel material is heated to a temperature range of three or more Ac, a predetermined treatment is performed to increase the dislocation density, thereby improving the bake hardenability. .
- the amount of strain introduced by press molding generally differs depending on the specific conditions and locations of the molding process. Therefore, in order to surely improve the bake hardenability of a steel sheet even if there is a difference in strain amount, it is necessary to uniformly develop bake hardening by the same amount at any strain amount. For that purpose, it is important to produce not only the evaluation based on the bake hardening amount due to one prestrain but also the evaluation based on the bake hardening amount based on a plurality of prestrains, and to produce a material having a small prestrain dependence of the bake hardening amount. Become.
- Patent Document 1 discloses only the amount of bake hardening when the pre-strain is 1%, and thus the amount of bake hardening when the amount of other pre-strain is not known.
- the dislocation density is also important as a control factor of the bake hardening amount.
- Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3 if the dislocation density is too high, the amount of carbon segregation per unit length of dislocation may be reduced. In some cases, the interaction between dislocations may reduce the number of movable dislocations. For this reason, simply increasing the dislocation density as in Patent Literature 1 may increase the prestrain dependency of the bake hardening amount, resulting in a decrease in the bake hardening amount.
- the excellent bake hardenability here means (1) a large amount of bake harden and (2) high uniform bake hardenability. However, it is difficult to achieve both (1) and (2) in an organization mainly composed of normal martensite as in Patent Document 1.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a high-strength steel sheet having a large bake hardening amount and high uniform bake hardenability.
- the present inventors considered that in order to achieve the above object, attention should not be paid to the amount of dissolved carbon and the dislocation density. This is because there is a sufficient amount of solute carbon in martensite, and if the dislocation density is controlled, uniform bake hardenability cannot be ensured as in Patent Document 1. Then, the present inventors considered that it is important to pay attention to the dislocation formation behavior in which bake hardening easily occurs.
- Dislocations generally refer to linear crystal defects. For example, when they are entangled to form dislocation cells, they become immobilized by themselves. In such a case, the amount of dislocations fixed due to carbon or the like diffused during bake hardening decreases, and as a result, the bake hardening amount decreases. In general, the ease with which dislocation cells are generated depends on the amount of pre-strain, and the amount of bake hardening greatly varies depending on the amount of pre-strain. Then, the present inventors considered that it is possible to improve the bake hardenability by suppressing dislocation cell formation, and made intensive studies.
- the present inventors have found that the formation of precipitates, for example, iron carbide, which is finer and larger than the size of the cells to be formed, can suppress dislocation cell formation.
- the present inventors thought that this would improve the bake hardenability, but the precipitation of precipitates such as iron carbide caused an uneven hardness difference in the structure, and rather promoted the formation of dislocation cells. Problem arises.
- the non-uniform hardness difference was caused by precipitation strengthening caused by non-uniform precipitation of precipitates.
- the present inventors have found that such non-uniform precipitation occurs from micro-segregation, and more specifically, from micro-segregation of Si required to precipitate a precipitate.
- micro-segregation is a phenomenon in which the concentration of alloy elements generated from solidification is unevenly distributed, and a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction is continuous in a layered manner.
- the present inventors controlled the hot rolling process to suppress the micro segregation of Si by making it into a complicated shape to form a uniform structure (hereinafter, uniform structure), and to reduce the amount of precipitates such as iron carbide in a very large amount. It has been found that baking hardenability is greatly improved by precipitating uniformly and uniformly.
- the high-strength steel sheet excellent in the bake hardenability of the present invention which can achieve the above-mentioned object in this way is as follows. (1) In mass%, C: 0.13 to 0.40%, Si: 0.500 to 3.000%, Mn: 2.50-5.00%, P: 0.100% or less, S: 0.010% or less, Al: 0.001 to 2.000%, N: 0.010% or less, the balance being Fe and impurities, It contains 95% or more martensite in area ratio, and the remaining structure is 5% or less in area ratio, The ratio C1 / C2 of the upper limit C1 (% by mass) and the lower limit C2 (% by mass) of the Si concentration in the cross section in the thickness direction is 1.25 or less; Having a long diameter of 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 1.00 ⁇ m or less and a precipitate having an aspect ratio of 1: 3 or more at a number density of 30 pieces / ⁇ m 2 or more, A high-strength steel sheet having a ten
- the microsegregation of Si is made to have a uniform structure, and specific precipitates are made to appear on the entire surface of the lath in martensite by heat treatment at a certain temperature, thereby preventing dislocation from being cellified and efficiently dislocation.
- dispersing carbon in the steel to cause the dislocations to adhere it is possible to provide a high-strength steel sheet having excellent bake hardenability.
- This high-strength steel sheet is further strengthened by being baked at the time of painting after press forming, so that it is suitable as a structural field in fields such as automobiles.
- the high-strength steel sheet according to the embodiment of the present invention is C: 0.13 to 0.40%, Si: 0.500 to 3.000%, Mn: 2.50-5.00%, P: 0.100% or less, S: 0.010% or less, Al: 0.001 to 2.000%, N: 0.010% or less, the balance being Fe and impurities, It contains 95% or more martensite in area ratio, and the remaining structure is 5% or less in area ratio,
- the ratio C1 / C2 of the upper limit C1 (% by mass) and the lower limit C2 (% by mass) of the Si concentration in the cross section in the thickness direction is 1.25 or less; Having a long diameter of 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 1.00 ⁇ m or less and a precipitate having an aspect ratio of 1: 3 or more at a number density of 30 pieces / ⁇ m 2 or more, It is characterized in that the tensile strength is 1300 MPa or more.
- % which is a unit of the content of each element contained in a high-strength steel sheet and a slab means “% by mass” unless otherwise specified.
- C has the effect of increasing the amount of dissolved carbon and increasing the bake hardenability. In addition, it has the effect of enhancing the hardenability and increasing the strength by incorporating it into the martensite structure. If the C content is less than 0.13%, a sufficient amount of solute carbon cannot be secured when carbides such as iron carbides are precipitated, and the bake hardening amount decreases. Therefore, the C content is set to 0.13% or more, preferably 0.16% or more, and more preferably 0.20% or more. On the other hand, if the C content exceeds 0.40%, incomplete martensitic transformation occurs during cooling after annealing, and the retained austenite fraction increases, deviating from the embodiment of the present invention. Also, the strength is too high to ensure the moldability. Therefore, the C content is set to 0.40% or less, preferably 0.35% or less.
- Si 0.500% to 3.000%
- Si is an element necessary for precipitating fine and large amounts of precipitates such as iron carbide for suppressing dislocation cells. If the Si content is less than 0.500%, even if the segregation is made to have a uniform structure, a sufficient action and effect cannot be obtained, and coarse precipitates are generated, and the formation of dislocation cells cannot be suppressed. Therefore, the Si content is set to 0.500% or more, more preferably 1.000% or more. On the other hand, when the Si content is more than 3.000%, the effect of precipitating fine and large amounts of precipitates is saturated, which unnecessarily increases the cost and deteriorates the surface properties. Therefore, the Si content is set to not more than 3.000%, preferably not more than 2.000%.
- Mn is an element for improving hardenability, and is an element necessary for forming a martensite structure without limiting the cooling rate.
- the Mn content is set to 2.50% or more, and preferably 3.00% or more.
- the excessive Mn content lowers the low-temperature toughness due to the precipitation of MnS, so the content is made 5.00% or less, preferably 4.50% or less.
- P 0.100% or less
- P is not an essential element and is contained, for example, as an impurity in steel. From the viewpoint of weldability, the lower the P content, the better. In particular, when the P content exceeds 0.100%, the weldability is significantly reduced. Therefore, the P content is set to 0.100% or less, preferably 0.030% or less. Reducing the P content is costly and attempting to reduce it to less than 0.0001% will significantly increase costs. Therefore, the P content may be 0.0001% or more. Further, since P contributes to improvement in strength, the P content may be set to 0.0001% or more from such a viewpoint.
- S is not an essential element but is contained as an impurity in steel, for example. From the viewpoint of weldability, the lower the S content, the better. As the S content increases, the amount of MnS precipitated increases, and the low-temperature toughness decreases. In particular, when the S content exceeds 0.010%, the weldability and the low-temperature toughness are significantly reduced. Therefore, the S content is set to 0.010% or less, preferably 0.003% or less. Cost reduction is required to reduce the S content, and an attempt to reduce the content to less than 0.0001% significantly increases the cost. Therefore, the S content may be 0.0001% or more.
- Al 0.001% to 2.000%
- Al content is set to 0.001% or more, preferably 0.010% or more.
- the Al content is set to 2.000% or less, preferably 1.000% or less.
- N is not an essential element and is contained, for example, as an impurity in steel. From the viewpoint of weldability, the lower the N content, the better. In particular, when the N content exceeds 0.010%, the weldability is significantly reduced. Therefore, the N content is set to 0.010% or less, preferably 0.006% or less. Reducing the N content is costly, and attempting to reduce it to less than 0.0001% significantly increases the cost. Therefore, the N content may be 0.0001% or more.
- the basic component composition of the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention and the slab used for its production are as described above. Further, the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention and the slab used for the production thereof may contain the following optional elements as necessary.
- Ti, Nb and V contribute to improvement in strength. Therefore, Ti, Nb or V or any combination thereof may be contained.
- the content of Ti, Nb, or V, or the total content of any combination of two or more thereof is preferably 0.003% or more.
- the Ti content, the Nb content or the V content, or the total content of any combination of two or more thereof is set to 0.100% or less.
- the limiting ranges in the case of each component alone are: Ti: 0.003% to 0.100%, Nb: 0.003% to 0.100%, and V: 0.003% to 0.100%.
- the total content when these are arbitrarily combined is also 0.003 to 0.100%.
- Cu, Ni, Mo and Cr contribute to improvement in strength. Therefore, Cu, Ni, Mo, or Cr or any combination thereof may be contained.
- the content of Cu, Ni, Mo and Cr is preferably 0.005 to 1.000% in the case of each component alone, and two or more of these may be arbitrarily combined. In this case, the total content is preferably 0.005% or more and 1.000% or less.
- the content of Cu, Ni, Mo, and Cr, or the total content of any combination of two or more of them is more than 1.000%, the effect of the above-described effect is saturated, and the cost is increased.
- the upper limit of the content of Cu, Ni, Mo and Cr, or the total content when two or more of these are arbitrarily combined is 1.000%. That is, Cu: 0.005% to 1.00%, Ni: 0.005% to 1.000%, Mo: 0.005% to 1.000%, and Cr: 0.005% to 1.000%.
- the total content when these are arbitrarily combined is preferably 0.005 to 1.000%.
- W, Ca, Mg, and REM contribute to fine dispersion of inclusions and increase toughness. Therefore, W, Ca, Mg, or REM or any combination thereof may be contained. In order to sufficiently obtain this effect, the total content of W, Ca, Mg, and REM, or any combination of two or more thereof is preferably 0.0003% or more. On the other hand, if the total content of W, Ca, Mg and REM exceeds 0.010%, the surface properties deteriorate. Therefore, the total content of W, Ca, Mg, and REM is set to 0.010% or less. That is, W: 0.005% or less, Ca: 0.005% or less, Mg: 0.005% or less, REM: 0.010% or less, and the total content of any two or more of these is 0. It is preferably from 0.0003 to 0.010%.
- REM rare earth metal
- REM content means the total content of these 17 elements.
- Lanthanoids are industrially added, for example, in the form of misch metal.
- B is a hardenability improving element and is an element useful for forming a martensite structure.
- B is preferably contained at 0.0001% (1 ppm) or more. However, if B is contained in excess of 0.0030% (30 ppm), the above-mentioned effect is saturated and is economically wasteful, so the B content is set to 0.0030% or less. Preferably it is 0.0025% or less.
- the balance other than the above components consists of Fe and impurities.
- the impurities are components that are mixed due to various factors in the manufacturing process, including raw materials such as ores and scraps, when industrially producing high-strength steel sheets, and according to the present embodiment. It means a component that is not a component intentionally added to a high-strength steel sheet.
- martensite 95% or more
- the present embodiment is characterized in that martensite is secured in an area ratio of 95% or more. Thereby, sufficient solid solution carbon can be secured, and as a result, bake hardenability can be improved. In order to further enhance such effects, it is recommended that martensite be secured in an area ratio of 97% or more, for example, 100%.
- the area ratio of martensite is determined as follows. First, a sample was taken using the thickness cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel sheet as an observation surface, the observation surface was polished, and the structure at a quarter position of the thickness of the steel plate was subjected to SEM-EBSD (electron microscopy) at a magnification of 5000 times. Observation with a scanning electron microscope equipped with an X-ray backscattering diffractometer), image analysis of the image in a visual field of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m and measurement of the area ratio of martensite. It is determined as the area ratio of martensite in the invention.
- SEM-EBSD electron microscopy
- the remaining structure other than martensite has an area ratio of 5% or less.
- the content is preferably 3% or less, more preferably 0%.
- the residual structure can include any structure and is not particularly limited.
- the residual structure includes or consists of retained austenite. A trace amount of retained austenite may be unavoidable depending on the composition of the steel and the production method.
- the remaining structure may include retained austenite in an area ratio of 5% or less.
- the content of retained austenite is preferably 3% or less, more preferably 0%.
- the area ratio of retained austenite is determined by X-ray diffraction measurement. Specifically, a portion from the surface of the steel sheet to a position 1/4 of the thickness of the steel sheet is removed by mechanical polishing and chemical polishing, and MoK ⁇ rays are used as characteristic X-rays to reduce the depth from the surface of the steel sheet to 1/4 depth.
- the X-ray diffraction intensity at the position is measured. From the integrated intensity ratio of the diffraction peaks of (200) and (211) of the body-centered cubic lattice (bcc) phase and (200), (220) and (311) of the face-centered cubic lattice (fcc) phase, Is used to calculate the area ratio of retained austenite.
- S ⁇ (I 200f + I 220f + I 311f ) / (I 200b + I 211b ) ⁇ 100
- S ⁇ is the area ratio of retained austenite
- I 200f , I 220f and I 311f are the diffraction peak intensities of (200), (220) and (311) of the fcc phase, respectively
- I 200b and I 211b are The intensities of the diffraction peaks of (200) and (211) of the bcc phase are shown.
- Si concentration ratio C1 / C2 is 1.25 or less
- the ratio C1 / C2 of the upper limit C1 (% by mass) and the lower limit C2 (% by mass) of the Si concentration in the cross section in the thickness direction of the high-strength steel sheet is 1.25 or less. More preferably, C1 / C2 is 1.15 or less.
- C1 / C2 is 1.25 or less, the segregation of Si can be controlled, the structure becomes uniform, and precipitates such as iron carbide shown below can be uniformly deposited. Curability can be increased.
- the segregation degree of Si represented by C1 / C2 is measured as follows.
- the steel sheet is adjusted so that the surface where the rolling direction is the normal direction (that is, the cross section in the thickness direction of the steel sheet) can be observed, mirror-polished, and the thickness direction of the steel sheet is measured by an EPMA (Electron Probe Microanalyzer) device.
- the Si concentration at 200 points is measured at 0.5 ⁇ m intervals from one side to the other side along the thickness direction of the steel sheet.
- the same measurement is performed on another four lines so as to cover almost the entire area within the same 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m range, and the highest value among the total of 1000 points of the Si concentration measured on all five lines is the highest value.
- the ratio C1 / C2 is calculated with the upper limit value C1 (mass%) of the concentration and the lower limit value C2 (mass%) of the Si concentration.
- the present embodiment has a great feature in that precipitates having a major axis of 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 1.00 ⁇ m or less and an aspect ratio of 1: 3 or more have a number density of 30 pieces / ⁇ m 2 or more.
- the aspect ratio refers to the ratio between the longest diameter (major axis) of the precipitate and the longest diameter (minor axis) of the diameter of the precipitate orthogonal to the longest axis.
- the precipitate is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the above requirements for the major axis and the aspect ratio, and examples thereof include carbides.
- the precipitate contains or consists of iron carbide.
- the size of the dislocation cell generated in the martensite is about several tens nm to several hundreds nm. Therefore, in order to suppress the generation of dislocation cells, it is necessary to have the same size of the precipitate. If the major axis is less than 0.05 ⁇ m, the formation of dislocation cells can not be suppressed. Therefore, the major axis of the precipitate is 0.05 ⁇ m or more. It is more preferably at least 0.10 ⁇ m.
- the major axis of the precipitate is 1.00 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, it is 0.80 ⁇ m or less.
- the shape of the precipitate is preferably acicular rather than spherical, and the aspect ratio is preferably 1: 3 or more. If the aspect ratio is less than 1: 3, the shape of the precipitate is regarded as spherical, and the generation of dislocation cells cannot be suppressed. Therefore, the aspect ratio is set to 1: 3 or more. More preferably it is 1: 5 or more.
- FIG. 1 gives an image diagram showing the precipitation state of precipitates in the high-strength steel sheet according to the present invention.
- lath structure 3 (FIG. 1B) generated in former austenite grain boundary 2 during microsegregation of Si having uniform structure 1 (FIG. 1A)
- FIG. 1 (c)
- the number density of the precipitates is 30 / ⁇ m 2 or more.
- the number density of precipitates is set to 30 pieces / ⁇ m 2 or more. More preferably, the number is 40 or more / ⁇ m 2 or more.
- the morphology and the number density of the precipitates are determined by observation with an electron microscope, and are measured, for example, by TEM (transmission electron microscope) observation. Specifically, a thin film sample is cut out from a region from the surface of the steel plate to a position of / to 1 / of the thickness of the steel plate and observed in a bright field. 1 ⁇ m 2 is cut out at an appropriate magnification of 10,000 to 100,000 times, and the precipitates having a major axis of 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less and an aspect ratio of 1: 3 or more are counted and determined. This operation is performed in five or more consecutive visual fields, and the average is defined as the number density.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- tensile strength 1300 MPa or more
- high tensile strength specifically, tensile strength of 1300 MPa or more
- the tensile strength is preferably at least 1400 MPa, more preferably at least 1500 MPa.
- an excellent bake hardening amount can be achieved. More specifically, according to the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention, after applying a 2% prestrain, the stress when a test piece heat-treated at 170 ° C. for 20 minutes is re-tensioned is subjected to a stress when a 2% prestrain is applied. Can be attained such that the value obtained by subtracting the above is 180 MPa or more, preferably 200 MPa or more. If the value of BH is less than 180 MPa, it is difficult to mold and the strength after molding is low, so that it cannot be said that excellent bake hardenability is obtained.
- the uniform bake hardenability can be evaluated, for example, from the viewpoint of whether the bake hardening amount difference when different prestrains are given can be controlled to a predetermined value or less.
- the bake hardening amount difference ⁇ BH refers to the absolute value of the difference between BH when the prestrain is 2% and BH when the prestrain is 1%.
- the bake hardening amount difference ⁇ BH can be controlled to 20 MPa or less, preferably 10 MPa or less, so that even if there is a difference in the amount of strain during press molding, bake hardening can be uniformly exhibited.
- the following description is intended to exemplify a characteristic method for manufacturing the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention, and the high-strength steel sheet of the present invention is manufactured by a manufacturing method as described below. It is not intended to be limited to
- a preferred method of manufacturing a high-strength steel sheet of the present invention is a step of forming a slab by casting molten steel having the chemical composition described above, A rough rolling step of roughly rolling the slab in a temperature range of 1050 ° C. or more and 1250 ° C. or less, wherein the rough rolling is reverse rolling with a rolling reduction of 30% or less per pass in two or more passes and an even number in 16 passes or less.
- the rolling reduction between the two passes during one reciprocation is 20% or less, the even reduction in one reciprocation is 5% or more higher than the odd reduction, and Rough rolling process that is held for more than 5 seconds after
- This is a finish rolling step of finish rolling the rough-rolled steel sheet in a temperature range of 850 ° C.
- finish rolling is performed in four or more continuous rolling stands, and the rolling reduction of the first stand is 15%. % Or more, and a finish rolling step in which the finish-rolled steel sheet is wound in a temperature range of 400 ° C. or less,
- a cold rolling step of cold rolling the obtained hot-rolled steel sheet at a rolling reduction of 15% or more and 45% or less The obtained cold-rolled steel sheet is heated at an average heating rate of 10 ° C./sec or more, held at a temperature range of Ac 3 to 1000 ° C. for 10 to 1000 seconds, and then cooled at an average cooling rate of 10 ° C./sec or more.
- a molten steel having the chemical composition of the high-strength steel sheet according to the present invention described above is cast to form a slab to be subjected to rough rolling.
- a normal casting method may be used, and a continuous casting method, an ingot casting method, or the like can be adopted.
- the continuous casting method is preferable in terms of productivity.
- the slab is preferably heated to a solution temperature range of 1000 ° C. or more and 1300 ° C. or less before rough rolling.
- the heating holding time is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to hold the heating temperature for 30 minutes or more in order to reach a predetermined temperature up to the center of the slab.
- the heating holding time is preferably 10 hours or less, more preferably 5 hours or less, in order to suppress excessive scale loss. If the temperature of the slab after casting is 1050 ° C. or more and 1250 ° C. or less, the slab may be directly subjected to rough rolling without being heated and held in the temperature range, and may be directly rolled or directly rolled.
- the Si segregated portion in the slab formed at the time of solidification in the slab forming process is made a uniform structure without being a plate-shaped segregated portion extending in one direction. be able to.
- the formation of the Si concentration distribution having such a uniform structure will be described in more detail.
- the portion where the alloying element such as Si is concentrated is inward from both surfaces of the slab. , And a plurality of them are arranged substantially vertically in a comb shape.
- the surface of the slab is extended in the rolling direction in each pass of the rolling.
- the rolling direction is a direction in which the slab advances with respect to the rolling roll. Then, the surface of the slab is extended in the rolling direction in this way, so that the Si segregated portion growing from the surface of the slab toward the inside is inclined in the traveling direction of the slab for each rolling pass.
- the Si segregation portion gradually keeps a nearly straight state and gradually moves in the same direction for each pass. The slope becomes stronger. Then, at the end of the rough rolling, the Si segregated portion is in a posture substantially parallel to the surface of the slab while maintaining a substantially straight state, and flat micro segregation is formed.
- the rough rolling temperature range is preferably 1050 ° C. or higher. More preferably, the temperature is 1100 ° C. or higher.
- the rough rolling temperature range is preferably 1250 ° C. or less.
- the rolling reduction per pass in the rough rolling exceeds 30%, the shear stress at the time of rolling increases, and the Si segregated portion becomes non-uniform, so that a uniform structure cannot be obtained. Therefore, the rolling reduction per pass in the rough rolling is set to 30% or less.
- the lower the rolling reduction the smaller the shear strain during rolling and the uniform structure, so the lower limit of the rolling reduction is not particularly defined, but is preferably 10% or more from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the reverse rolling is preferably performed in two passes or more, more preferably four passes or more.
- it is desirable that the passes in which the traveling directions are opposite to each other are performed the same number of times, that is, the total number of passes is an even number.
- the entry side and the exit side of the rough rolling are located on opposite sides of the roll. Therefore, the number of passes (rolling) in the direction from the entry side to the exit side of the rough rolling increases once.
- the last pass (rolling) the Si segregated portion has a flat shape, and it is difficult to form a uniform structure.
- the last pass opens a space between rolls and omit rolling.
- the difference in rolling reduction between two passes included in one round trip of reverse rolling is set to 20% or less. Preferably it is 10% or less.
- multi-stage tandem rolling in finish rolling is effective, but flat micro-segregation is easily formed by tandem rolling.
- the effect becomes remarkable when the rolling reduction of the even number of times (return) becomes higher than that of the odd number of times (forward) by 5% or more in one reciprocation of the reverse rolling. Therefore, in one reciprocation of the reverse rolling, it is preferable that the rolling reduction of the even number of times is higher than the rolling reduction of the odd number of times by 5% or more.
- the rolling ratio of the tandem rolling in the finishing rolling is increased to thereby narrow the interval of the Si segregation zone caused by the secondary arm of the dendrite. It is preferably carried out on a rolling stand.
- the finish rolling temperature is lower than 850 ° C., recrystallization does not sufficiently occur, and a structure stretched in the rolling direction is formed. In a later step, a plate-like structure caused by the stretched structure is generated.
- the above is preferred. It is more preferably at least 900 ° C.
- the finish rolling temperature is preferably 1050 ° C. or less. If necessary, the rough-rolled steel sheet may be heated after the rough rolling step and before the finish rolling step, if the temperature is appropriate. Furthermore, when the rolling reduction of the first stand in the finish rolling is set to 15% or more, a large amount of recrystallized grains are generated, and the subsequent movement of grain boundaries facilitates the uniform dispersion of Si. In this way, by limiting not only the rough rolling step but also the finish rolling step, flat Si microsegregation can be suppressed. Note that the finish rolling temperature refers to the surface temperature of the steel sheet from the start of finish rolling to the end of finish rolling.
- the winding temperature exceeds 400 ° C., the surface properties are reduced due to internal oxidation, so the winding temperature is preferably 400 ° C. or lower. If the steel sheet structure is a homogeneous structure of martensite or bainite, the winding temperature is more preferably 300 ° C. or less because annealing and the formation of a homogeneous structure are easy.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet obtained in the finish rolling step is pickled and then subjected to cold rolling to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet.
- the rolling reduction is preferably 15% or more and 45% or less. If the rolling reduction exceeds 45%, the uniform structure of Si segregation is disturbed, so that in the martensite lath structure, carbides precipitated between the laths increase, and needle-like precipitates precipitated in the laths decrease. As a result, precipitation of carbide having an aspect ratio of 1: 3 or more is undesirably prevented.
- the pickling may be a normal pickling.
- the steel sheet obtained through the cold rolling step is subjected to an annealing treatment.
- the temperature is raised at an average heating rate of 10 ° C./sec or more, and the heating is performed for 10 to 1000 seconds in a temperature range of Ac 3 to 1000 ° C.
- This temperature range and annealing time are for transforming the entire surface of the steel sheet to austenite transformation. If the holding temperature exceeds 1000 ° C. or the annealing time exceeds 1000 seconds, the austenite grain size becomes coarse, martensite having a large lath width is obtained, and the toughness is reduced. Therefore, the annealing temperature is set to 3 to 1000 ° C. and the annealing time is set to 10 to 1000 seconds.
- cooling is performed at an average cooling rate of 10 ° C./sec or more.
- the faster the cooling rate the better to freeze the tissue and effectively cause martensitic transformation.
- the temperature is set to 10 ° C./second or more. If the above cooling rate can be maintained after the annealing, a plating step may be added during cooling.
- Cooling stop temperature is 70 ° C or less. This is to produce martensite while being quenched on the entire surface by cooling. If the cooling is stopped at more than 70 ° C., there is a possibility that a structure other than martensite may appear. In addition, when martensite comes out, precipitates such as iron carbide spheroidized by self-tempering come out. As a result, precipitates such as needle-like iron carbides do not precipitate in the subsequent step, and the desired precipitates cannot be obtained, and the bake hardenability is deteriorated. Therefore, the cooling stop temperature is set to 70 ° C. or lower, preferably 60 ° C. or lower.
- the high-strength steel sheet according to the present embodiment has a significant feature in the form of precipitation of precipitates such as iron carbide.
- precipitates are precipitated by turning a slab containing an appropriate amount of Si into martensite and then maintaining the temperature in a temperature range of 200 ° C. or more and 350 ° C. or less by heating.
- the holding temperature is less than 200 ° C.
- the major axis of the precipitate is less than 0.05 ⁇ m, and dislocation cells cannot be suppressed.
- the holding temperature is set to 250 ° C. or higher. If the holding temperature is higher than 350 ° C., the precipitates become coarse, the number density is small, and the major axis exceeds 1.00 ⁇ m.
- the holding temperature is set to 350 ° C. or less.
- the holding time is 100 seconds or more. If the holding time is less than 100 seconds, iron carbide cannot be stably precipitated. Thus, the holding time is set to 100 seconds or more. Thereafter, from the viewpoint of productivity, cooling is performed at an average cooling rate of 2 ° C./sec or more to 100 ° C. or less.
- skin pass rolling After the heat treatment step, skin pass rolling (temper rolling) may be optionally performed.
- the dislocation cells are suppressed by the precipitate, so that no matter how much skin pass rolling is performed, no dislocation cells are formed and the bake hardenability does not deteriorate.
- the rolling reduction is 2.0% or less. More preferably, the rolling reduction is 1.0% or less.
- the high-strength steel sheet according to the embodiment of the present invention can be manufactured.
- the conditions in the examples are one condition examples adopted for confirming the operability and effects of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these one condition examples.
- the present invention can employ various conditions as long as the object of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the area ratio of martensite was determined as follows. First, a sample was taken using the thickness section perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel sheet as an observation surface, the observation surface was polished, and the structure at a quarter position of the thickness of the steel plate was observed with a SEM-EBSD at a magnification of 5000 times. Then, it was image-analyzed in a visual field of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m to measure the martensite area ratio, and the average of these measured values in any five visual fields was determined as the martensite area ratio.
- the steel structure of the obtained cold-rolled steel sheet was observed by TEM, and the presence or absence of precipitates, their major diameter, aspect ratio, and number density were determined.
- a thin film sample is cut out from the surface of the steel sheet in a region from the 3/8 position to the 1/4 position of the thickness of the steel plate, observed in a bright field, and subjected to an appropriate magnification of 10,000 to 100,000 times.
- 1 ⁇ m 2 was cut out, and the number of precipitates having a major axis of 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less and an aspect ratio of 1: 3 or more was counted and determined. This operation was performed in five consecutive visual fields, and the average was defined as the number density. Table 3 shows the results.
- the tensile strength TS, elongation at break EL, bake hardening amount BH, and bake hardening amount difference ⁇ BH of the obtained cold-rolled steel sheet were measured.
- a JIS No. 5 tensile test piece having a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the rolling direction was sampled, and measured in accordance with JIS Z 2241. A tensile test was performed.
- the bake hardening amount BH is a value obtained by subtracting the stress at the time of applying a 2% pre-strain from the stress at the time of re-tensioning a test piece heat-treated at 170 ° C. for 20 minutes after applying a 2% pre-strain.
- the bake hardening difference ⁇ BH is the absolute value of the difference between BH when the prestrain is 2% and BH when the prestrain is 1%.
- the tensile strength is 1300 MPa or more, preferably 1400 MPa or more, and more preferably 1500 MPa or more.
- it is preferable that the elongation is 5% or more for easy molding.
- BH is less than 180 MPa, it is difficult to mold, and the strength after molding is low. Therefore, in order to have excellent bake hardenability, 180 MPa or more is required. More preferably, it is 200 MPa or more. Regarding ⁇ BH, it is necessary to be 20 MPa or less in order to uniformly cause bake hardening even if there is a difference in the amount of strain entering during press molding. More preferably, it is 10 MPa or less.
- the degree of segregation of Si represented by C1 / C2 was measured as follows. After adjusting the surface of the manufactured steel sheet so that the surface where the rolling direction is the normal direction (that is, the cross section in the thickness direction of the steel sheet) can be observed, mirror polishing is performed, and the steel sheet is cut in the cross section in the thickness direction of the steel sheet by an EPMA apparatus. In the central area of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m, 200 Si concentrations were measured at 0.5 ⁇ m intervals from one side to the other side along the thickness direction of the steel sheet.
- the same measurement is performed on another four lines so as to cover almost the entire area within the same 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m range, and the highest value among the total of 1000 points of the Si concentration measured on all five lines is the highest value.
- the ratio C1 / C2 was calculated with the upper limit value C1 (% by mass) of the concentration and the lower limit value C2 (% by mass) of the Si concentration as the lowest value.
- Comparative Example 2 the target iron carbide was not sufficiently precipitated because the holding time in the heat treatment step was short, and the BH was low and ⁇ BH was high.
- Comparative Example 6 since the holding temperature in the heat treatment step was low, the target iron carbide was not sufficiently precipitated, and the BH was low and the ⁇ BH was high.
- Comparative Example 8 since the annealing temperature was too low, a ferrite structure appeared and a sufficient martensite structure was not obtained, and as a result, TS and BH were low.
- Comparative Example 9 since the annealing time was too short, the entire surface did not have a martensite structure, and similarly, TS and BH were low.
- Comparative Example 11 since the average cooling rate in the annealing step was too slow, the entire surface did not have martensite structure, and TS and BH were low.
- Comparative Example 12 since the holding temperature in the heat treatment step was too high, the iron carbide was coarsened, and TS and BH were low and ⁇ BH was high.
- Comparative Example 13 since the C content was too small, the amount of dissolved carbon was reduced, and TS and BH were low.
- Comparative Example 14 since the Si content was too small, the target iron carbide was not sufficiently generated, and the BH was low and the ⁇ BH was high.
- Comparative Example 16 the difference in rolling reduction between two passes during one round trip in the rough rolling step was large, so that the Si concentration distribution was not uniform and ⁇ BH was high.
- Comparative Example 17 since the rolling reduction in the even number of times in one round trip in the rough rolling step was smaller than the rolling reduction in the odd number of times, the Si concentration distribution did not have a uniform structure, and ⁇ BH was high.
- Comparative Example 19 TS and BH were low because the Mn content was too low.
- Comparative Example 21 since the rolling reduction in the reverse rolling in the rough rolling step was high, the Si concentration distribution did not have a uniform structure, and ⁇ BH was high.
- Comparative Example 22 since the C content was too high, the area ratio of retained austenite ( ⁇ ) was high and a sufficient martensite structure was not obtained, and the BH was low. In Comparative Example 24, the time from rough rolling to finish rolling was too short, the Si concentration distribution was not uniform, and ⁇ BH was high. In Comparative Example 26, since the number of stands for the finish rolling was small, the Si concentration distribution became flat, and ⁇ BH was high. In Comparative Example 27, the rolling reduction of the first stand in the finish rolling was too small, the Si concentration distribution became flat, and ⁇ BH was high. In Comparative Example 29, the finish rolling temperature (the finish rolling start temperature in Table 2) was too high, the Si concentration portion distribution became flat, and ⁇ BH was high.
- Comparative Example 30 a carbide having a desired aspect ratio could not be obtained because the cold rolling reduction was too high, and BH was low and ⁇ BH was high.
- Comparative Example 32 since the number of passes of the reverse rolling in the rough rolling process was an odd number, the Si concentration distribution did not have a uniform structure, and ⁇ BH was high.
- Comparative Example 33 since the cooling stop temperature in the annealing step was high, spheroidized coarse iron carbide was precipitated, TS and BH were low, and ⁇ BH was high.
- the high-strength steel sheet with excellent bake hardenability of the present invention can be used as an original sheet of a structural material for an automobile in the field of the automobile industry.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2018年7月27日に、日本に出願された特願2018-141244号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
(1)質量%で、
C:0.13~0.40%、
Si:0.500~3.000%、
Mn:2.50~5.00%、
P:0.100%以下、
S:0.010%以下、
Al:0.001~2.000%、
N:0.010%以下
を含有し、残部がFe及び不純物からなり、
面積率で95%以上のマルテンサイトを含有し、残部組織が面積率で5%以下であり、
厚さ方向断面におけるSi濃度の上限値C1(質量%)と下限値C2(質量%)の比C1/C2が1.25以下であり、
長径が0.05μm以上1.00μm以下でアスペクト比1:3以上の析出物を30個/μm2以上の個数密度で有し、
引張強度が1300MPa以上である、高強度鋼板。
(2)前記残部組織が存在する場合には、前記残部組織が残留オーステナイトからなる、(1)に記載の高強度鋼板。
(3)更に、質量%で、
Ti:0.100%以下、
Nb:0.100%以下、
V:0.100%以下
の1種又は2種以上を合計で0.100%以下含有する、(1)又は(2)に記載の高強度鋼板。
(4)更に、質量%で、
Cu:1.000%以下、
Ni:1.000%以下、
Mo:1.000%以下、
Cr:1.000%以下
の1種又は2種以上を合計で0.100%以下含有する、(1)乃至(3)のいずれか一項に記載の高強度鋼板。
(5)更に、質量%で、
W:0.005%以下、
Ca:0.005%以下、
Mg:0.005%以下
希土類金属(REM):0.010%以下
の1種又は2種以上を合計で0.010%以下含有する、(1)乃至(4)のいずれか一項に記載の高強度鋼板。
(6)更に、質量%で、B:0.0030%以下を含有する、(1)乃至(5)のいずれか一項に記載の高強度鋼板。
本発明の実施形態に係る高強度鋼板は、質量%で、
C:0.13~0.40%、
Si:0.500~3.000%、
Mn:2.50~5.00%、
P:0.100%以下、
S:0.010%以下、
Al:0.001~2.000%、
N:0.010%以下
を含有し、残部がFe及び不純物からなり、
面積率で95%以上のマルテンサイトを含有し、残部組織が面積率で5%以下であり、
厚さ方向断面におけるSi濃度の上限値C1(質量%)と下限値C2(質量%)の比C1/C2が1.25以下であり、
長径が0.05μm以上1.00μm以下でアスペクト比1:3以上の析出物を30個/μm2以上の個数密度で有し、
引張強度が1300MPa以上であることを特徴としている。
Cは、固溶炭素量を高め、焼付硬化性を高める作用を有する。また、焼き入れ性を高め、マルテンサイト組織に含有させることにより強度を高める作用を有する。C含有量は0.13%未満であれば、鉄炭化物等の炭化物を析出させたときに十分な固溶炭素量が確保できず、焼付硬化量が減少する。よって、C含有量は0.13%以上とし、好ましくは0.16%以上、より好ましくは0.20%以上とする。一方、C含有量が0.40%超では、焼鈍後の冷却において不完全なマルテンサイト変態が起こり、残留オーステナイト分率が高くなってしまい、本発明の実施形態から外れる。また、強度が高すぎて成形性が担保できない。従って、C含有量は0.40%以下とし、好ましくは0.35%以下とする。
Siは転位セルを抑制するための鉄炭化物等の析出物を微細かつ大量に析出するために必要な元素である。Si含有量が0.500%未満では、偏析を均一構造にしたとしても、十分な作用効果が得られず、粗大な析出物が生成してしまい、転位セルの形成を抑制できない。よって、Si含有量は0.500%以上、より好ましくは1.000%以上とする。一方、Si含有量が3.000%超では、析出物を微細かつ大量に析出させる効果は飽和してしまい徒にコストを上昇させたり、表面性状が劣化したりしてしまう。従って、Si含有量は3.000%以下とし、好ましくは2.000%以下とする。
Mnは焼き入れ性向上元素であり、冷却速度を限定せずマルテンサイト組織にするために必要な元素である。この作用を有効に発揮するには、Mn含有量は2.50%以上とし、好ましくは3.00%以上とする。しかし、過剰のMnの含有は、MnSの析出により低温靱性が低下するため、5.00%以下、好ましくは4.50%以下とする。
Pは、必須元素ではなく、例えば鋼中に不純物として含有される。溶接性の観点から、P含有量は低ければ低いほどよい。特に、P含有量が0.100%超で、溶接性の低下が著しい。従って、P含有量は0.100%以下とし、好ましくは0.030%以下とする。P含有量の低減にはコストがかかり、0.0001%未満まで低減しようとすると、コストが著しく上昇する。このため、P含有量は0.0001%以上としてもよい。また、Pは強度の向上に寄与するため、このような観点から、P含有量は0.0001%以上としてもよい。
Sは、必須元素ではなく、例えば鋼中に不純物として含有される。溶接性の観点から、S含有量は低ければ低いほどよい。S含有量が高いほど、MnSの析出量が増加し、低温靭性が低下する。特に、S含有量が0.010%超で、溶接性の低下及び低温靱性の低下が著しい。従って、S含有量は0.010%以下とし、好ましくは0.003%以下とする。S含有量の低減にはコストがかかり、0.0001%未満まで低減しようとすると、コストが著しく上昇する。このため、S含有量は0.0001%以上としてもよい。
Alは、脱酸に対して効果を有する。以上のような作用を有効に発揮させるため、Al含有量は0.001%以上とし、好ましくは0.010%以上とする。一方、Al含有量が2.000%超では、溶接性が低下したり、酸化物系介在物が増加して表面性状が劣化したりする。従って、Al含有量は2.000%以下、好ましくは1.000%以下とする。
Nは、必須元素ではなく、例えば鋼中に不純物として含有される。溶接性の観点から、N含有量は低ければ低いほどよい。特に、N含有量が0.010%超で、溶接性の低下が著しい。従って、N含有量は0.010%以下とし、好ましくは0.006%以下とする。N含有量の低減にはコストがかかり、0.0001%未満まで低減しようとすると、コストが著しく上昇する。このため、N含有量は0.0001%以上としてもよい。
Ti、Nb及びVは強度の向上に寄与する。従って、Ti、Nb若しくはV又はこれらの任意の組み合わせが含有されていてもよい。この効果を十分に得るために、Ti、Nb若しくはVの含有量、又はこれらの2種以上の任意の組み合わせの合計含有量は、好ましくは0.003%以上とする。一方、Ti、Nb若しくはVの含有量、又はこれらの2種以上の任意の組み合わせの合計含有量が0.100%超では、熱間圧延及び冷間圧延が困難になる。従って、Ti含有量、Nb含有量若しくはV含有量、又はこれらの2種以上の任意の組み合わせの合計含有量は0.100%以下とする。つまり、各成分単独の場合の制限範囲を、Ti:0.003%~0.100%、Nb:0.003%~0.100%、及びV:0.003%~0.100%とすると共に、これらを任意に組み合わせた場合の合計含有量においても、0.003~0.100%とすることが好ましい。
Cu、Ni、Mo及びCrは強度の向上に寄与する。従って、Cu、Ni、Mo、若しくはCr又はこれらの任意の組み合わせが含有されていてもよい。この効果を十分に得るために、Cu、Ni、Mo及びCrの含有量は、各成分単独の場合、0.005~1.000%が好ましい範囲であり、これらの2種以上を任意に組み合わせた場合の合計含有量においても、0.005%以上1.000%以下が満たされることが好ましい。一方、Cu、Ni、Mo及びCrの含有量、又はこれらの2種以上を任意に組み合わせた場合の合計含有量が1.000%超では、上記作用による効果が飽和して、徒にコストが高くなる。従って、Cu、Ni、Mo及びCrの含有量、又はこれらの2種以上を任意に組み合わせた場合の合計含有量の上限は1.000%とする。つまり、Cu:0.005%~1.00%、Ni:0.005%~1.000%、Mo:0.005%~1.000%、及びCr:0.005%~1.000%とすると共に、これらを任意に組み合わせた場合の合計含有量においても、0.005~1.000%であることが好ましい。
W、Ca、Mg及びREMは介在物の微細分散化に寄与し、靭性を高める。従ってW、Ca、Mg若しくはREM又はこれらの任意の組み合わせが含有されていてもよい。この効果を十分に得るために、W、Ca、Mg及びREM、又はこれらの2種以上の任意の組み合わせの合計含有量は、好ましくは0.0003%以上とする。一方、W、Ca、Mg及びREMの合計含有量が0.010%超では、表面性状が劣化する。従って、W、Ca、Mg及びREMの合計含有量は0.010%以下とする。つまり、W:0.005%以下、Ca:0.005%以下、Mg:0.005%以下、REM:0.010%以下であって、これらの任意の2種以上の合計含有量が0.0003~0.010%であることが好ましい。
Bは焼き入れ性向上元素であり、マルテンサイト組織形成に有用な元素である。Bは0.0001%(1ppm)以上含有させるとよい。しかし、Bを0.0030%(30ppm)を超えて含有すると上記効果が飽和してしまい、経済的に無駄であるため、B含有量は0.0030%以下とする。好ましくは0.0025%以下である。
本実施形態では、マルテンサイトが面積率で95%以上確保されているところに特徴を有している。これにより、十分な固溶炭素を確保することができ、その結果として焼付硬化性を高めることができる。このような効果を一層高めるためには、マルテンサイトが面積率で97%以上確保されることが推奨され、例えば100%であってもよい。
本発明によれば、マルテンサイト以外の残部組織は面積率で5%以下である。高強度鋼板の焼付硬化性を一層高めるためには、3%以下とするのが好ましく、より好ましくは0%である。残部組織が存在する場合、当該残部組織は、任意の組織を含むことができ特に限定されないが、例えば、残留オーステナイトを含むか又は残留オーステナイトからなることが好ましい。微量の残留オーステナイトは、鋼の成分と製造方法によっては生成を避けられない場合がある。しかしながら、このような微量の残留オーステナイトは、焼付硬化性に不利に影響を及ぼさないだけでなく、変形を受けた際のTRIP(変態誘起塑性:Transformation Induced Plasticity)効果で延性の向上に寄与することができる。そのため、残部組織は面積率で5%以下の範囲で残留オーステナイトを含んでいてもよい。しかし、焼付硬化性を一層高めるためには、残留オーステナイトの含有量は3%以下とするのが好ましく、より好ましくは0%である。
Sγ=(I200f+I220f+I311f)/(I200b+I211b)×100
上記式において、Sγは残留オーステナイトの面積率、I200f、I220f及びI311fは、それぞれfcc相の(200)、(220)及び(311)の回折ピークの強度、I200b及びI211bは、それぞれbcc相の(200)及び(211)の回折ピークの強度を示す。
高強度鋼板の厚さ方向断面におけるSi濃度の上限値C1(質量%)と下限値C2(質量%)の比C1/C2は、1.25以下とする。より好ましくはC1/C2は1.15以下である。C1/C2が1.25以下である場合、Siの偏析を制御することができて、組織が均一になり、下記に示す鉄炭化物等の析出物を均一に析出させることができるため、均一焼付硬化性を高めることができる。
本実施形態では、長径が0.05μm以上1.00μm以下でアスペクト比1:3以上の析出物を30個/μm2以上の個数密度有するところに大きな特徴を有している。本発明において、アスペクト比とは、析出物の最も長い径(長径)とそれに直交する当該析出物の径のうち最も長い径(短径)との比を言うものである。なお、析出物としては、上記の長径及びアスペクト比の要件を満たすものであればよく特に限定されないが、例えば、炭化物等が挙げられる。とりわけ、後で説明する熱処理工程を含む好ましい製造方法に従って本発明に係る高強度鋼板を製造した場合には、析出物は鉄炭化物を含むか又は鉄炭化物からなる。本発明によれば、このような析出物を組織中に比較的多く含むことにより、例えば転位同士が絡まることで生じる転位のセル化を抑制して、焼付硬化時に拡散する炭素等に起因して固着する転位の量を増加させることができ、その結果として焼付硬化量を顕著に高めることが可能となる。このような知見は従来知られておらず、今回、本発明者らによって初めて明らかにされたことであり、極めて意外であり、また驚くべきことである。なお、マルテンサイト内に生成される転位セルの大きさは約数十nm以上数百nm以下である。よって、転位セルの生成を抑制するためには、同じくらいの析出物の大きさが必要である。長径が0.05μm未満であると、転位のセル化の形成を抑制することができない。よって、析出物の長径は0.05μm以上とする。より好ましくは0.10μm以上である。また、長径が1.00μmより大きいと、析出物が粗大化し固溶炭素量を大きく減少させてしまい、焼付硬化量を減少させる。そのため、析出物の長径は1.00μm以下とする。より好ましくは、0.80μm以下である。
上記の組成及び組織を有する本発明の高強度鋼板によれば、高い引張強度、具体的には1300MPa以上の引張強度を達成することができる。ここで、引張強度を1300MPa以上とするのは、自動車車体の軽量化の要求を満たすためである。引張強度は好ましくは1400MPa以上であり、より好ましくは1500MPa以上である。
次に、本実施形態に係る好ましい高強度鋼板の製造方法について説明する。
前記スラブを1050℃以上1250℃以下の温度域で粗圧延する粗圧延工程であって、前記粗圧延が1パス当たりの圧下率が30%以下のリバース圧延を2パス以上、16パス以下で偶数回行うことを含み、1往復する際の2パス間の圧下率差が20%以下であり、1往復内の偶数回の圧下率が奇数回の圧下率より5%以上高く、前記粗圧延の後5秒以上保持される粗圧延工程、
粗圧延された鋼板を850℃以上1050℃以下の温度域で仕上げ圧延する仕上げ圧延工程であって、前記仕上げ圧延が4つ以上の連続する圧延スタンドで行われ、第一スタンドの圧下率が15%以上であり、仕上げ圧延された鋼板が400℃以下の温度域で巻き取られる仕上げ圧延工程、
得られた熱延鋼板を15%以上45%以下の圧下率で冷間圧延する冷間圧延工程、
得られた冷延鋼板を10℃/秒以上の平均加熱速度で昇温してAc3以上1000℃以下の温度域で10~1000秒間保持し、次いで10℃/秒以上の平均冷却速度で70℃以下まで冷却する焼鈍工程、及び
得られた鋼板を200℃以上350℃以下の温度域で100秒以上保持し、次いで2℃/秒以上の平均冷却速度で100℃以下まで冷却する熱処理工程
を含むことを特徴としている。以下、各工程について説明する。
先ず、上で説明した本発明に係る高強度鋼板の化学成分組成を有する溶鋼を鋳造し、粗圧延に供するスラブを形成する。鋳造方法は、通常の鋳造方法でよく、連続鋳造法、造塊法などを採用できるが、生産性の点で、連続鋳造法が好ましい。
スラブを、粗圧延の前に、1000℃以上1300℃以下の溶体化温度域に加熱するのが好ましい。加熱保持時間は特に規定しないが、スラブ中心部まで所定の温度にするために、加熱温度に30分間以上保持することが好ましい。加熱保持時間は、過度のスケールロスを抑制するため、10時間以下が好ましく、5時間以下がより好ましい。鋳造後のスラブの温度が1050℃以上1250℃以下であれば、該温度域に加熱保持せず、そのまま粗圧延に供し、直送圧延又は直接圧延を行ってもよい。
粗圧延におけるリバース圧延の後、仕上げ圧延におけるタンデム圧延の圧下率を大きくすることによって、デンドライト二次アームに起因するSi偏析帯の間隔を狭小化するために、仕上げ圧延は4つ以上の連続する圧延スタンドで行われることが好ましい。仕上げ圧延温度が850℃未満であると、再結晶が十分に起きず、圧延方向に延伸した組織となり、後工程で、延伸組織に起因した板状組織が生成するので、仕上げ圧延温度は850℃以上が好ましい。より好ましくは900℃以上である。一方、仕上げ圧延温度が1050℃を超えると、オーステナイトの微細な再結晶粒が生成しにくくなり、粒界のSi偏析が困難となり、Si偏析帯が扁平となりやすくなる。そのため、仕上げ圧延温度は1050℃以下が好ましい。なお、適正温度であれば、必要に応じて、粗圧延された鋼板を粗圧延工程の後でかつ仕上げ圧延工程の前に加熱してもよい。さらに、仕上げ圧延の第一スタンドの圧下率を15%以上にすると、再結晶粒が多量に生成し、その後の粒界移動によって、Siが均一に分散しやすくなる。このように、粗圧延工程だけでなく、仕上げ圧延工程を限定することによって、扁平なSiのミクロ偏析を抑制できる。なお、仕上げ圧延温度とは、仕上げ圧延開始から仕上げ圧延終了までの鋼板の表面温度を指す。
仕上げ圧延工程において得られた熱延鋼板を、酸洗後、冷間圧延に供し、冷延鋼板とする。マルテンサイトのラスを維持するため、圧下率は15%以上45%以下が好ましい。圧下率が45%を超えるとSi偏析の均一構造が乱れるのでマルテンサイトのラス組織において、ラス間に析出する炭化物が多くなり、ラス内に析出する針状の析出物が減少する。その結果、アスペクト比1:3以上である炭化物の析出が阻害されるため好ましくない。なお、酸洗は、通常の酸洗でよい。
上記冷間圧延工程を経て得られた鋼板に、焼鈍処理を施す。焼鈍温度での加熱は、10℃/秒以上の平均加熱速度で昇温し、Ac3以上1000℃以下の温度域で、10~1000秒加熱保持とする。この温度範囲と焼鈍時間は、鋼板の全面をオーステナイト変態させるためのものである。保持温度が1000℃超又は焼鈍時間が1000秒超になると、オーステナイト粒径が粗大化し、ラス幅が大きいマルテンサイトになってしまい、靱性が低下する。従って、焼鈍温度はAc3以上1000℃以下、焼鈍時間は10~1000秒とする。
Ac3=881-335×C+22×Si―24×Mn-17×Ni-1×Cr-27×Cu+41×Mo
本実施形態に係る高強度鋼板は、鉄炭化物等の析出物の析出形態に大きな特徴を有している。このような析出物は、Siを適量含有するスラブをマルテンサイトにした後、加熱により200℃以上350℃以下の温度域で保持されることにより析出する。保持温度が200℃未満であった場合、析出物の長径は0.05μm未満となり、転位セルを抑制できない。これより、保持温度は250℃以上とする。保持温度が350℃超であった場合、析出物が粗大化してしまい、個数密度が小さく、長径が1.00μm超となってしまう。これにより、転位セルを抑制することができない。したがって、保持温度は350℃以下とする。保持時間は100秒以上とする。保持時間が100秒未満だと、安定的に鉄炭化物を析出させることができない。これより、保持時間は100秒以上とする。その後、生産性の観点から、2℃/秒以上の平均冷却速度で100℃以下まで冷却する。
熱処理工程の後、任意選択でスキンパス圧延(調質圧延)を施してもよい。本発明の実施形態に係る高強度鋼板においては、析出物によって転位セルを抑制するため、いくらスキンパス圧延を施しても転位セルが形成されることはなく、焼付硬化性が劣化することはない。ただし、板厚制御が困難になるため、圧下率を2.0%以下とすることが好ましい。更に好ましくは圧下率を1.0%以下とする。
Ac3=881-335×C+22×Si―24×Mn-17×Ni-1×Cr-27×Cu+41×Mo
表3に示すように、実施例1、3~5、7、10、15、18、20、23、25、28、31及び34では、優れた引張強度、BH及びΔBHを得ることができた。いずれも引張強度が1300MPa以上、BHが180MPa以上、ΔBHが20MPa以下となり、高強度、且つ、焼付硬化性に優れることが示された。なお、これらの実施例に係る高強度鋼板では、析出物、特には鉄炭化物がマルテンサイト中のラス内全面に均一に析出していた。
2 旧オーステナイト粒界
3 ラス組織
4 ラス
5 析出物
Claims (6)
- 質量%で、
C:0.13~0.40%、
Si:0.500~3.000%、
Mn:2.50~5.00%、
P:0.100%以下、
S:0.010%以下、
Al:0.001~2.000%、
N:0.010%以下
を含有し、残部がFe及び不純物からなり、
面積率で95%以上のマルテンサイトを含有し、残部組織が面積率で5%以下であり、
厚さ方向断面におけるSi濃度の上限値C1(質量%)と下限値C2(質量%)の比C1/C2が1.25以下であり、
長径が0.05μm以上1.00μm以下でアスペクト比1:3以上の析出物を30個/μm2以上の個数密度で有し、
引張強度が1300MPa以上である、高強度鋼板。 - 前記残部組織が存在する場合には、前記残部組織が残留オーステナイトからなる、請求項1に記載の高強度鋼板。
- 更に、質量%で、
Ti:0.100%以下、
Nb:0.100%以下、
V:0.100%以下
の1種又は2種以上を合計で0.100%以下含有する、請求項1又は2に記載の高強度鋼板。 - 更に、質量%で、
Cu:1.000%以下、
Ni:1.000%以下、
Mo:1.000%以下、
Cr:1.000%以下
の1種又は2種以上を合計で1.000%以下含有する、請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の高強度鋼板。 - 更に、質量%で、
W:0.005%以下、
Ca:0.005%以下、
Mg:0.005%以下
希土類金属(REM):0.010%以下
の1種又は2種以上を合計で0.010%以下含有する、請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の高強度鋼板。 - 更に、質量%で、B:0.0030%以下を含有する、請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の高強度鋼板。
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| WO2021149810A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-24 | 2021-07-29 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | パネル |
| KR20230006895A (ko) * | 2020-06-08 | 2023-01-11 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 강판 및 그 제조 방법 |
| KR102716081B1 (ko) | 2020-06-08 | 2024-10-15 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | 강판 및 그 제조 방법 |
| WO2022075027A1 (ja) * | 2020-10-05 | 2022-04-14 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 電縫鋼管およびその製造方法 |
| JP7081727B1 (ja) * | 2020-10-05 | 2022-06-07 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 電縫鋼管およびその製造方法 |
| KR20230060522A (ko) * | 2020-10-05 | 2023-05-04 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | 전봉 강관 및 그 제조 방법 |
| US12529435B2 (en) | 2020-10-05 | 2026-01-20 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Electric resistance welded steel pipe and method for manufacturing the same |
| KR102922321B1 (ko) | 2020-10-05 | 2026-02-03 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | 전봉 강관 및 그 제조 방법 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX2020012659A (es) | 2021-02-02 |
| JP6677364B1 (ja) | 2020-04-08 |
| JPWO2020022481A1 (ja) | 2020-08-06 |
| CN112204162A (zh) | 2021-01-08 |
| TW202012650A (zh) | 2020-04-01 |
| US11486028B2 (en) | 2022-11-01 |
| CN112204162B (zh) | 2022-01-25 |
| US20210164082A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
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