WO2020020544A1 - Utilisation d'un film décoratif - Google Patents

Utilisation d'un film décoratif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020020544A1
WO2020020544A1 PCT/EP2019/066428 EP2019066428W WO2020020544A1 WO 2020020544 A1 WO2020020544 A1 WO 2020020544A1 EP 2019066428 W EP2019066428 W EP 2019066428W WO 2020020544 A1 WO2020020544 A1 WO 2020020544A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
film
decorative
metal
translucent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/066428
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Udo Tünte
Original Assignee
Interprint Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Interprint Gmbh filed Critical Interprint Gmbh
Priority to EP19733642.3A priority Critical patent/EP3826848A1/fr
Publication of WO2020020544A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020020544A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/10—Applying flat materials, e.g. leaflets, pieces of fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/41—Opaque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412—Transparent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/414—Translucent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2471/00—Floor coverings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2479/00—Furniture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/003—Interior finishings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/0076—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised in that the layers are not bonded on the totality of their surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of a decorative film for an element for use for a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior construction element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element, facades -, Wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element with at least one film layer and at least one decorative layer.
  • the object of the present invention is to avoid or at least substantially reduce the aforementioned disadvantages in the prior art.
  • the above object is achieved when using a decorative film of the aforementioned type according to the invention in that the film layer is at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent, is formed and that the decorative layer is designed as a partial, in particular interrupted, layer, so that the decorative film is at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent.
  • the invention when using the decorative film of the aforementioned type, provides that the film layer and the decorative layer are at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent, so that the decorative film is at least partially transparent and / or is translucent, in particular translucent.
  • the multilayered layer structure can also be used for an element for use as a household appliance, display, sign, image, truck tarpaulin, body, sanitary object, lamp, electrical appliance, household item, clothing, jewelry, clock, lamp, carpet, switch, socket, awning , Curtain, roller shutter, blinds, packaging, mobile phone, cover for mobile phone and / or stove can be provided.
  • an outdoor covering element is understood to mean in particular a facade, glass surface, terrace covering and / or privacy screen element.
  • the aforementioned alternative solutions of the tasks of the present invention are implemented together in a decorative film.
  • the joint implementation results in a synergistic effect, since both the at least partially transparent and the partially or interrupted design of the decorative layer can achieve that the decorative film is at least partially transparent and / or translucent.
  • An at least partially transparent and / or translucent design can be provided in particular in an unprinted area of the film layer.
  • a translucent design of the decorative film can be achieved in the printed areas of the film layer or in the areas of the film layer having the decorative layer.
  • the interplay between the film layer and the decorative layer can influence the appearance of the decorative film in a targeted manner.
  • the decorative film can be in the form of a composite and / or finish film for lamination on furniture and / or interior fittings and / or flooring. panels are provided.
  • a finish film is preferably understood to mean the following:
  • finish film which is known from the furniture and interior design sector, is preferably a decorative, in particular optionally printed,
  • the finish film preferably has a ready-to-use surface layer and / or protective layer and can be used for further processing.
  • the finish film can be used for furniture, floor and / or pa neel surfaces.
  • finish film can also be designed as a composite film, in particular where the finish film has a plurality of layers and / or film layers.
  • the finish film is preferably applied to carrier layers and / or plates, in particular those made of timber materials, in particular by lamination. Furthermore, the film layer can also be applied to on-site plates and / or substrates, in particular with an applied adhesive equipment on the back.
  • the decorative film according to the invention makes it possible for a surface of an underlying layer present under the decorative film in the transparent and / or translucent areas of the decorative film to be visually visible to the naked eye from the user side of the decorative film, preferably optically recognizable.
  • the top side of the decorative film is understood to be the use side of the decorative film which is provided on the outside on the surface of the decorative film. An outside observer visually perceives the usage side of the decorative film with the naked eye.
  • the side of the decorative film opposite the user side - the underside - faces the subsurface or the subsurface layer and is in particular firmly arranged on the subsurface layer.
  • the scope for the optical design of surfaces can be significantly expanded, since a material provided under the decorative film can also shine through the decorative film. Another possibility for changing the visual appearance is given by the decorative layer and the decor thus produced. Overlaps and / or overlaps of the surface of the substrate layer facing the decorative film, at least in certain areas, can be used in a targeted and / or purpose-oriented manner in conjunction with one another.
  • the decorative film according to the invention is particularly advantageous because the metal layer is protected on the one hand by the decorative film, in particular from mechanical stresses.
  • the decorative film can be designed in such a way that the metal layer shines through the decorative film at least in some areas, and therefore is at least partially visible to an outside observer with the naked eye.
  • a material arranged under the decorative film or the visual appearance of the material can also be optically visible on the user side of the element after the decorative film has been applied - optionally overlaid by the appearance of the decorative film and / or the decorative layer, preferably for the changed coloring.
  • the transparency is an optical property of a material, in the present case the film layer, the decorative layer and / or the decorative film.
  • a transparent design means such a design of the film layer, the decorative layer and / or the decorative film which is permeable to electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves can consequently be transmitted through the film layer, the decorative layer and / or the decorative film, a high degree of transmission being provided, preferably a degree of transmission of greater than or equal to 0.9.
  • the film layer, the decorative layer and / or the decorative film is permeable to light from the spectral range of electromagnetic radiation (380 to 750 nm) visible to humans.
  • the metal layer can be optically visible and / or recognizable through the film layer, the decorative layer and / or the decorative film.
  • translucent means a partial light permeability of a body, in the present case the film layer, the decorative layer and / or the design. grain film, understood. It is conceivable that a body is translucent, but not transparent, since it partially lets light through.
  • translucency is understood to mean image and / or gaze permeability, translucency being understood as translucency.
  • the reciprocal property of translucency is opacity, which means that it is opaque.
  • the film layer, the decorative layer and / or the decorative film is not opaque, at least in some areas.
  • a translucent film layer, decorative layer and / or decorative film can in particular have a milky or whitish structure or appearance.
  • the film layer is designed as, preferably transparent and / or translucent, plastic plate and / or film and / or as glass.
  • the film layer can have glass and / or plastic as the material.
  • the film layer is preferably formed over part of the area. If the film layer is formed over part of the area, it can be provided that the decorative layer to be arranged on the film layer is formed over the entire area or over part of the area according to the first alternative according to the invention.
  • the film layer which is preferably designed as a plastic plate, is elastic.
  • the film layer is preferably flexible and / or flexible before the entire decorative film.
  • the decorative film can be arranged on a sub-surface with a precise fit, ie without air pockets and / or bubbles, in particular nestling against the sub-surface.
  • the subsurface is uneven.
  • the film layer preferably in the form of a plate, can have a layer thickness of 0.1 mm to 20 mm, preferably 0.2 mm to 10 mm, more preferably 0.5 mm to 5 mm. The aforementioned layer thickness preferably results in a high stability of the decorative film.
  • the film layer preferably in the form of a plastic film, can have a layer thickness between 1 pm to 2500 pm, preferably between 3 pm to 500 pm, more preferably between 5 pm to 150 pm.
  • the smallest possible layer thickness of the film layer is preferred, the required properties of the decorative film, in particular the stability and tear resistance, can be ensured.
  • the film layer can be printed at least in some areas. Such printing can preferably be provided to form the decorative layer, which has been applied at least in part to the film layer.
  • the film layer is preferably made transparent and / or translucent in the unprinted areas, which in particular are not covered by the decorative layer.
  • the film layer, in particular the composite of the film layer and the decorative layer, can moreover be designed to be translucent in the printed areas.
  • the film layer preferably has pigmentation and / or is colored, preferably solid-colored, and / or lacquered on the top and / or bottom. As a result, the film layer can be used in a targeted manner to influence the optical appearance.
  • the film layer has an, in particular adhesion-promoting and / or transparent, color-ink receiving layer, in particular wherein the color-ink receiving layer can be produced by an adhesion-promoting pretreatment.
  • the color-ink-receiving layer can receive the ink and / or the color of the decorative layer, so that, at least partially, the decorative layer is arranged in the film layer, in particular at least partially penetrates into it.
  • the decorative layer has very particularly preferably penetrated the color-ink receiving layer.
  • a plurality of decorative layers can also be integrated in the layer structure of the decorative film.
  • the decorative layer can be produced by printing and / or coating the film layer.
  • the, preferably printed, decorative layer is a decor based on the imitation of a material and / or a texture, in particular a natural material and / or a natural texture, preferably based on a wood, stone material and / or concrete, tile, ceramic, metal material and / or based on a graphic and / or photographic and / or typographic elements and / or a decor having a natural and / or artificial patina texture. Consequently, in combination with the decorative layer, the base material on which the decorative film is arranged can give the optical appearance and achieve textures or imitations of a material that cannot currently be used for the elements of the use according to the invention.
  • a patina texture is understood to mean in particular a decorative layer with usage, aging and / or weathering effects, in particular the so-called “vintage look” or “used look”.
  • a patina texture can include scratch marks, scratch marks, damage, discoloration and / or flaking, which are particularly visible on a surface. Imitation of a patina surface based on a real model and / or an artificially, artistically, creatively and / or graphically created patina texture can also be provided in the decorative print.
  • the film layer preferably has plastic as the material and / or consists of plastic.
  • a plastic based on synthetic and / or semi-synthetic polymers is preferably provided.
  • the plastic is further preferably an elastomeric, thermoplastic and / or thermosetting plastic.
  • the material of the film layer is polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cast polyvinyl chloride, polyester (PES), polyester with a surface containing polyvinyl chloride, perfluorocarbons (PFC), polyurethane (PUR), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polypropylene (PP), natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), Cast propylene (CPP), oriented propylene (OPP), biaxial oriented propylene (BOPP), polyetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (PE), high density polyethylene (FIDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyamide (PA ), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET / PETP), polystyrene (PS), biaxially oriented polyester film (BOPET), polyactide (PLA, PDLA, PLLA and / or PDLLA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), poly (PC),
  • the film layer designed as a plastic film can also be applied in the form of molten plastic, in particular molten polymer, preferably by calendering and / or casting.
  • molten plastic in particular molten polymer
  • ne surface structure for example by means of an embossing calender
  • a surface structure can also be embossed into the film layer if the film layer is heated before the embossing process and the plastic melts, so that the structure is embossed into the not yet hardened plastic surface.
  • the foils can be used over the whole or part of the surface or can be formed from.
  • the different layers have different plastic materials of the aforementioned type. Special performance characteristics can be provided, depending on the application. Different plastics and their advantageous properties can also be combined for the film layer.
  • the aforementioned plastics can be provided in the form of a plastic film. Mixtures of one or more of the aforementioned plastics can also be used in the plastic film.
  • a plastic film is preferably produced by extrusion or by casting, calendering or blow molding. In the blow molding process, several foils with different properties can also be co-extruded into a film composite. Alternatively or additionally, these aforementioned films can be self-adhesive with a polyacrylate adhesive, in particular in the manner of a connecting layer, be coated, preferably for adhesive lamination.
  • the material of the film layer facing the user side preferably has a high abrasion, scratch and / or wear resistance due to the material used, preferably an at least two-layer upper film layer is used and the two film protective layer layers can have different properties.
  • the film layer is designed as a preferably transparent and / or translucent melamine layer.
  • the melamine layer has melamine resin, wherein melamine resin (MF) is a synthetic resin that is based on the compounds of melamine and formaldehyde and is one of the aminoplasts. After curing through polycondensation, the resins form thermosetting plastics.
  • the melamine layer can also be a modified one Melamine resin, such as melamine-phenol-formaldehyde resin (MPF) and / or melamine-fluorine-formaldehyde flarz (MOF), have.
  • the film layer has and / or consists of a biopolymer-containing material and / or a biopolymer as the material.
  • a biopolymer-containing material and / or a biopolymer is understood to be a biodegradable material and / or a biogenic raw material, in particular a material composed of organic substances being preferred.
  • the organic substances can be in the form of substances based on plants and / or living beings and / or raw materials.
  • a material based on wood, cellulose, lignin, starch, sugar, vegetable oil, chitin, casein, gelatin, crab shells, animal and / or vegetable proteins, fungi, insects, bacteria, zein and / / is used as the biopolymer or biopolymer-containing material. or algae, understood.
  • biopolymer is preferably biodegradable and / or is obtained in particular from a renewable raw material.
  • Conventional plastic materials are mostly based on petroleum and consequently on a limited resource. This can be avoided by using a biopolymer, so that the multilayer film composite has a very high ecological compatibility.
  • the aforementioned biopolymer-containing materials can also provide the properties required for the individual layers.
  • a biopolymer-containing plastic can also be referred to as a "bioplastic" and consequently include a large number of vegetable and animal raw materials.
  • the most important raw materials are wood, especially for cellulose and lignin, cereal plants and potatoes for starch and sugar cane and sugar beet for sugar, and oil plants, especially vegetable oils, and insects for chitin, shellfish and crab shells.
  • Cellulose-based plastics are in particular celluloid, cellophane, viscose and lyocell, as well as cellulose acetate and lignin-based biopolymers, preferably with the addition of natural fibers made from flan or flax.
  • cellulose-based biopolymers made of cotton can be used according to the invention.
  • Modified cellulose is also conceivable using enzymes for the biopolymer and / or the biopolymer-containing material.
  • Starch-based biopolymers are mostly obtained from corn, wheat, potatoes, sugar cane and / or sugar beet.
  • the starch includes, in particular, thermoplastic starch (TPS), polylactic acid or polylactide (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates, in particular polyhydric xybutyrat.
  • Polyester and / or thermoplastic biopolyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) and / or polyethylene furanoate (PEF) are also possible.
  • fatty acids can be obtained from vegetable oils, which can be converted into high-quality bioplastics via several chemical intermediates.
  • Vegetable oil-based plastics are in particular biopolyamides (Bio-PA) and bio polyurethane (Bio-PU).
  • raw materials for biopolymers are casein, a protein from milk, gelatin, a protein from animal bones or flakes, chitin, a polysaccharide from fungi, insects (chitosan) and / or crab shells.
  • Polyhydroxybutyric acid (PFIB) which is obtained from bacteria, is also provided according to the invention as a biopoly mer.
  • biopolymer-containing film layer polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyactide (PLA), bio-copolyester, terpolyester, bio-polyurethane (bio-PUR), Bio-polyamides (Bio-PA), starch polymers, preferably thermoplastic starch (TPS), cellulose polymers, lignin, vegetable oil-based bio-polymers, such as rapeseed oil, castor oil, soybean oil and / or sunflower oil, chitin, chito san, casein plastics (CS / CSF), Gelatin, polyester, thermoplastic biopolyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene enfuranoate (PVAL), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyactide (PLA), bio-copolyester, terpolyester, bio-pol
  • the film layer has a structured surface.
  • the structured surface is a mechanical treatment, in particular polishing, sandblasting, satinizing, glass bead blasting, grinding, milling, drilling, scoring, brushing, lasering, engraving, laser engraving and / or embossing, and / or by a chemical surface treatment , in particular etching, patination, and / or coloring, can be generated.
  • the structured surface or the structures in the surface can influence the visual appearance, in particular in such a way that the decor or the effect of the decor is supported or emphasized.
  • the structured surface can also be used for slip resistance. In particular with a floor covering, it is usually perceived as pleasant if it has a structure - in the end it approximates a "real" natural material.
  • the surface structures make it possible to imitate flolz and / or stone structures.
  • the structured surface of the film layer is preferably at least essentially synchronous with the decor of the decorative layer - in the manner of a synchronous pore.
  • a synchronous pore is characterized, for example, in that if the decor or the decorative layer visually represents a depression, this depression is ultimately also found in the decorative film, so that the optical appearance of the depression is supported by the structured surface. This creates an authentic visual appearance of the decorative film.
  • the structured surface of the film layer can have a layer thickness of 0.01 mm to 10 mm, preferably of 0.05 mm to 2.5 mm. The aforementioned layer thickness of the structured surface can in particular indicate the possible depth or length of a depression that can be produced on the surface of the multilayered layer structure.
  • the structured surface of the film layer also results on the user side of the decorative film. It can thus be provided that the layers lying above the structured layer adapt or conform to the structured surface. Consequently, the top side or the user side of the decorative film preferably has a structuring with a depth of 0.01 mm to 10 mm, preferably 0.05 mm to 2.5 mm.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a decorative film for an element for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, Decoration, interior design element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element, facade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element with at least one film layer and at least one decorative layer , in particular according to one of the previously described embodiments, the decorative layer being directly and / or indirectly firmly connected to the film layer, so that the decorative layer is partially, in particular interrupted, onto the at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent, Film layer is applied and / or that the at least partially transparent and / or translucent film layer and the at least partially transparent and / or translucent decorative layer are connected to one another such that the decorative film is at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent.
  • Preferred embodiments and / or advantages of the decorative film according to the invention can in particular be used in the same way for the production method according to the invention, so that reference can be made to the previous explanations in order to avoid unnecessary repetitions.
  • At least one decorative layer is applied to the film layer.
  • a variety of decorative layers can be applied to the film layer, in particular for optically influencing the decor of the decorative film.
  • the decorative layer can be produced by partial and / or full-surface printing and / or coating of the film layer. In particular, the printing of the decorative layer takes place in a targeted and / or functional manner depending on the sub-area on which the decorative film is to be arranged.
  • the decorative layer can be applied as a coating, in particular by means of a painting process and / or printing process, in particular in rotogravure printing, screen printing, gravure printing, anodizing printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, 3D printing, digital printing, transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing, sublimation printing and / or direct printing , and / or by means of an embossing foil, preferably an embossing foil and / or a cold embossing foil.
  • the decorative layer is particularly preferably printed in digital printing. Both digital multi-pass and single-pass technology can be used for digital printing. Eco-solvent, latex and / or UV-curable inks are particularly preferably used. In particular, water-based printing inks used.
  • gravure-identical color pigments - decorative gravure - can be used in the digital printing process and / or in other printing processes.
  • the printing width is in particular between 5 cm and 300 cm, preferably greater than 60 cm, in particular between 125 cm and 225 cm.
  • Printing is preferably carried out by industrial decor printing on an industrial decor printing machine.
  • the decorative layer in the sense of this invention is based in particular on the imitation of material textures, such as wood, stone, concrete, tile and metal optics, as well as graphic decors and creative fantasy decors, in particular where the aforementioned optics can also be combined with one another , Decors of this type are particularly suitable for the design of surfaces for the preferred areas of application. According to the invention, a multitude of new design options are achieved in the interplay of decor printing with metallic material.
  • Transparent and / or translucent areas of the decorative layer can be achieved by printing with glazing, non-opaque printing inks, which in particular allow a material arranged under the decorative film to shine through.
  • the translucency of a print can be between 0% translucent (fully opaque) and 100% translucent (clear glass), preferably between 50 to 100%.
  • the film layer can be produced by extrusion, casting, calendering and / or blow molding.
  • the film layer is designed in the manner of a film, in particular a plastic film.
  • the film layer is preferably pretreated before printing and / or coating, in particular with a corona treatment, flame treatment, plasma treatment and / or fluorination.
  • the pretreatment is preferably used to produce an adhesion-promoting, in particular transparent, ink-receptive layer and / or to produce an adhesion-promoting layer.
  • a corona treatment is understood to be an electrochemical process for the surface modification of plastics, wherein the polarity of the surface can be increased by the corona treatment, whereby the wettability and chemical affinity are significantly improved.
  • the above-mentioned layers are used in the corona treatment of an electrical floch voltage discharge.
  • Flame treatment can involve flame treatment at one temperature of in particular 1000 ° C may be provided, the molecular chains of the aforementioned layers being broken up and the oxygen molecules contained in the flame being incorporated. In this way, improved liability can be achieved, which is particularly advantageous for further processing.
  • fluorination the introduction of fluorine into organic compounds with the aid of fluorination agents is provided.
  • the decorative layer can be printed directly on the untreated material and / or on a color ink absorption layer, which has been applied in particular to the film layer.
  • the color ink absorption layer is designed as an adhesion-promoting and / or transparent layer.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a multi-layer structure for and / or as an element for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior construction element, preferably strip, profile, edge, Door and / or window element, facade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element with a decorative film according to one of the preceding embodiments and an underlying layer, where the decorative film is firmly connected to the underlying layer.
  • the layer structure according to the invention and / or the element according to the invention are characterized in particular by the fact that one under the decorative film - i.e. facing away from the user side - the intended material surface at least be shines through the decorative film.
  • the multilayered layer structure and / or the background layer preferably has a carrier layer, in particular wherein the carrier layer is designed according to at least one of the features of the film layer mentioned above.
  • a metallic and / or metal-containing metal layer is firmly connected to the carrier layer and / or film layer and / or that the multilayered layer structure has a metallic and / or metal-containing metal layer.
  • the multilayered layer structure can be provided in the manner of a composite and / or finish film for lamination on furniture and / or interior fittings and / or floor panels.
  • metallic surfaces can be used.
  • the metallic surface can be visible over the entire surface or at least in a partial area due to the multi-layer structure.
  • the inventor succeeds in providing elements with a metallic surface without having to apply the metal layer directly or directly to the elements.
  • Invention according to the application of the metallic surface is carried out on one of the aforementioned elements by applying the multilayered layer structure.
  • there are a number of advantages In this way, a uniform appearance of the metal layer can be achieved, namely without streaks, cloud formation and / or clump formation.
  • the optical appearance of the metal layer is not limited to certain metals or imitations of certain metals. According to the invention, the appearance of a large number of different metals can be guaranteed.
  • metal optics can consequently be provided genuinely and authentically in the form or in the form of a, in particular flexible, decorative film which is also economical to produce.
  • the multi-layer structure according to the invention is distinguished by its high compatibility for further elements, preferably multi-layer modular and / or elastic floor coverings, furniture and / or interior finishing surfaces.
  • the aforementioned low manufacturing costs are based on the fact that a film layer with a very low procurement price can be used, which subsequently interacts at least indirectly with a metal layer, the metal layer being able to be distinguished by a very low material consumption.
  • Both shiny and brushed metal surfaces can be provided, in particular shiny chrome, shiny gold, shiny copper, shiny rose copper, natural aluminum, brushed chrome, brushed stainless steel, brushed gold and / or brushed copper.
  • the material used of the metal can be very resource-saving, since in particular very small layer thicknesses are sufficient to achieve a very good optical quality, as will be explained below.
  • the multi-layer structure is characterized by a very high light fastness, which has been increased or improved by up to 40% compared to a conventional plastic film.
  • the multi-layer structure has very good temperature resistance, color consistency and water resistance. In this way, multilayered layer structures with a metal layer can be made available with different production batches with no or hardly visible optical deviations. Even when stored in water for more than 24 hours, there are preferably no visible changes at the cutting edges of the multi-layer structure, so that the multi-layer structure can be made watertight.
  • the film layer is preferably designed in such a way that the metal layer is optically visible and / or recognizable at least in some areas on the use side of the multilayered layer structure. In this way it can be achieved that the metallic surface can also be recognized from the outside, that is to say on the user side. In principle, it is also conceivable that the metal layer is visible on both sides - that is to say the user side and the side opposite the user side. Consequently, this can be used in a targeted manner to change the appearance of the metal layer, for example by overlaying it with the film layer that is at least partially transparent and / or translucent.
  • the multilayered layer structure according to the invention can only have the metallic surface in some areas and / or allow the metallic surface to show through completely, optionally overlaid by the appearance of the film layer.
  • a variety of different optical design options of the multi-layer structure can be achieved.
  • the transparent layers of the multilayer protective layer without the metal layer, in particular the top layer are preferably provided in a crystal-clear embodiment so that the metallic effect comes into its own.
  • the aforementioned layers have a deliberately translucent coloring, for example a milky and / or whitish coloring. This can also influence the metallic effect, for example, a high-gloss chrome surface can have a visually matt effect due to a milky, whitish color.
  • the metal layer is directly and / or indirectly firmly connected to the film layer.
  • the film layer is understood to mean such a composite in which the metal layer is arranged directly above and / or below the film layer.
  • further layers can also be enclosed between the metal layer and the film layer, the metal layer being firmly connected to the film layer via the further layers.
  • the multilayered layer structure preferably has a carrier layer at least in regions, the metal layer being arranged directly and / or indirectly on the carrier layer.
  • the metal layer can, in particular, be firmly, preferably inseparably, connected to the carrier layer.
  • the metal layer can be provided on the top side, facing the user side, and / or on the underside on the carrier layer.
  • the carrier layer ultimately serves as a carrier for the metal layer and, moreover, the carrier layer can also be directly and / or indirectly firmly connected to the film layer.
  • the film layer is designed as a partial surface layer.
  • the film layer is preferably designed as a carrier layer, so that the metal layer is furthermore preferably arranged directly on the carrier layer designed as a film layer, in particular has been applied to the film layer.
  • An inseparable and / or non-destructive detachable connection of the film layer to the metal layer enables a compact arrangement of the multilayered layer structure, which, due to the flexible and / or elastic properties of the film layer, is also designed to be flexible and / or elastic in the manner of a decorative film can be. Accordingly, the multilayered layer structure can also be arranged on uneven surfaces of the element, and without air inclusions or folds of the multilayered layer structure being caused.
  • the protective layer can be formed as a protective film and / or as a protective coating, in particular as a lacquer, impregnation, lamination and / or film coating.
  • the protective layer, the carrier layer and / or the film layer can be transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent, at least in some areas.
  • the protective layer is preferably at least partially transparent in this way and / or designed to be translucent that in at least one overlap area with the film layer the composite of the film layer and the protective layer is transparent and / or translucent, so that the metal layer, preferably arranged on the film layer, in the transparent and / or translucent Overlap areas on the user side show through visually.
  • the metal layer is recognizable at least in some areas on the user side.
  • the protective layer, the carrier layer and / or the film layer can be pigmented and / or colored, preferably colored through, and / or coated on the top and / or bottom.
  • the protective layer can also influence the optical appearance of the multi-layer structure, for example to achieve a decoration of the entire multi-layer structure or to optically design and / or change the multi-layer structure.
  • the film layer can be designed as a protective layer.
  • a plurality of film layers can be provided in the multilayered layer structure and / or the decorative film.
  • the metal layer is preferably arranged on a carrier layer, the film layer designed as a protective layer being arranged on the metal layer and / or the carrier layer, in particular on the top side facing the user side.
  • the protective layer can protect the element and / or the metal layer from mechanical stresses.
  • the protective layer acts as an upper wear layer with a high scratch and / or wear resistance and is also highly insensitive to fingerprints. Consequently, preferably no fingerprints appear on the multilayered layer structure.
  • the cleaning and maintenance of the multi-layer structure, which is arranged on an element, is very easy for the user, whereby cleaning and / or wiping strips can be reliably prevented. This is shown in particular as an advantage for use as a floor covering element or for coating the floor covering element.
  • the high abrasion resistance of the multilayered layer structure, which is provided by the protective layer, ensures long use of the multilayered layer structure.
  • a plurality of at least single-layer protective layers are integrated in the multi-layer layer structure.
  • a protective layer on the top, the Facing the user side be provided on the multi-layer structure.
  • Additional protective layers can be integrated into the layer sequence of the multilayered layer structure, in particular with the protective layer being designed as a damping layer.
  • a damping layer which is preferably designed as a plastic film
  • the protective layer designed as a damping layer can prevent unevenness on the surface of the element facing the multilayer layer structure - the user side of the element - after application of the multilayer layer structure. In practice, this marking is also referred to as "telegraphing" bumps. The damping layer consequently prevents such telegraphing.
  • protective layers in the form of a coating can also be provided between the layers, at least in some areas, for example to influence the optical appearance of the multilayered layer structure and / or to seal or protect the, preferably partial-area, decorative layer.
  • the protective layer can also be provided to protect the underside of the multilayered layer structure.
  • the protective layer can also be designed as protection for the metal layer, in particular the metallization, in particular the protective layer then being in the form of a lacquer and / or plastic film layer or plastic film.
  • a protective layer of the type mentioned above can be used, for example, to arrange the multilayer structure on the element.
  • the metal layer can thus preferably be overlaid with the decorative layer, the decorative layer being able to be translucent, in particular in such a way that the metal layer is optically visible at least in regions from the use side of the multilayered layer structure.
  • the metal layer, in particular to form the decorative layer can be printed at least in regions.
  • the film is preferably at least partially transparent and / or translucent; more preferably in those areas where the printed metal Layer and / or the unprinted metal layer from the outside - that is, from the Be usage side - should be visually recognizable.
  • the decorative layer consists of and / or has printing and / or coating.
  • the decorative layer in the form of a coating can be in the form of a varnish, coating and / or a film, in particular an adhesive film, preferably based on paper and / or plastic.
  • a metal layer made of polished and / or high-gloss chrome, copper and / or gold can be seen as a metallic layer even after the decorative layer has been printed on. This applies in particular when the printing has been carried out with low color opacity and / or color saturation.
  • a matt metal surface can be achieved by printing.
  • the flock glossy metal surface can be influenced by a translucent, glazing print in the degree of gloss, so that the finest nuances between the high-gloss and matt metal surface can be specifically adjusted.
  • the visual and creative scope is greatly expanded. In particular, there is also a logistical advantage, since no additional matt metal types have to be kept in order to produce a matt metal surface.
  • a known element can be refined in such a way that imitations which are currently unreachable, preferably metal imitations, can be produced.
  • the visual appearance for the decor can also be achieved by the at least partially colored layers, in particular the film layer and / or the protective layer, in particular in combination with the decorative layer.
  • An imitation of the aging of the metal layer can also be achieved in this way.
  • Rust or traces of use of the metal layer can be graphically represented by the aforementioned layers.
  • connection layer is preferably provided on the outside of the multilayered layer structure, in particular on the underside, facing away from the user side.
  • the connecting layer can be designed as a paper layer resinated with melamine resin and / or as an adhesive layer, which preferably has a polyacrylate adhesive, and / or as a layer comprising a paper, nonwoven and / or fabric.
  • the connecting layer can be used for coupling or for connection to the element, preferably when the multilayer layer structure is laminated onto the element.
  • the connecting layer can have a compensating, protective, adhesive, adhesive, damping, connecting and / or adapter function.
  • the metal layer can be designed as a metallization, as metallic and / or metal-containing printing, painting and / or coating of the carrier layer, the foil layer and / or the protective layer. Consequently, the metal layer is preferably applied to the carrier layer.
  • Metallization is understood to be the coating of a material, in this case the carrier plate, with a metal layer.
  • a plastic metallization is hen, consequently a coating of a plastic material with a metal layer.
  • the advantage of a metallization is the low weight of the metal layer, the insensitivity to corrosion, especially in combination with a protective layer, and the provision of a decorative and, if appropriate, technical purpose.
  • a coating with the metallic material can be achieved, for example, by electroplating, so that a metallic deposit (coating) can be produced on a substrate (carrier plate).
  • the metal layer is at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent.
  • the surface of the element on which the multilayered layer structure is arranged or can be arranged can be optically visible and / or optically from the user side of the multilayered layer structure after application to the element be recognizable.
  • a transparent te and / or translucent formation of the metal layer can be achieved in particular with a metallization and / or printing of the carrier layer.
  • the metal layer is provided both on the top side, facing the user side, and on the underside of the carrier layer.
  • different metal layers can be arranged on the carrier layer.
  • a plurality of support layers and metal layers may be present.
  • the metal layers can overlap, after which different optical and design options are created. It is conceivable that an element is visible both on the user side and on the side opposite the user page.
  • different technical properties can be achieved by using different materials of the metal layer.
  • the two-sided coating of the carrier layer can also increase the strength of the multi-layer structure.
  • the metallic coating of the metal layer can be by means of thermal spraying, preferably wire flame spraying, powder flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying and / or high-speed flame spraying (HVOF), and / or by means of powder coating, in particular electrostatic powder coating (EPS), and / or by vortex sintering and / or by means of vacuum coating be applied.
  • the metal-containing coating is preferably applied by means of a thin layer process.
  • the metal layer can also be applied as a metal glaze, in particular on the carrier layer made of ceramic and / or porcelain stoneware.
  • the adhesive strength or cohesion of the metal layer and / or the multilayered layer structure can be influenced in a targeted manner by different coating methods.
  • the coating material ie the material of the metal layer
  • the substrate material i.e. the carrier plate
  • the particles of the metal layer then solidify on the surface of the carrier plate.
  • the layer thicknesses of the metal layer can usually be greater than or equal to 50 ⁇ m when applied by thermal spraying.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • sputter deposition and / or thermal evaporation can be used.
  • a coating material or a target in this case the carrier layer
  • layer thicknesses of 3 nm to 5 pm can be deposited.
  • Coatable plastics in particular must be able to be evacuated. This is significantly influenced by the initial behavior and the water absorption of the plastic.
  • the metal layer by galvanic deposition.
  • a metal is applied to a carrier layer, in particular to a plastic carrier layer - the so-called plastic galvanization.
  • Most plastics are not electrically conductive, so the surface must first be covered with a well-adhering, electrically conductive layer for a subsequent electrolytic coating.
  • the above-mentioned coating processes are used in particular for this. The following process steps are required for galvanization:
  • metal nuclei especially palladium, and / or
  • the metal layer has a layer thickness of 5 nm to 25 ⁇ m, preferably from 10 nm to 15 pm, more preferably from 17 nm to 10 pm, more preferably from 20 nm to 10 pm and in particular at least essentially from 50 nm to 0.5 pm.
  • very thin metal layers can thus advantageously be provided, which have preferably been applied to a carrier layer.
  • the environmentally friendly and / or resource-saving advantages of the present invention are evident, since no thick metal plate in the mm range has to be used for the layer structure.
  • a comparatively very thin metal layer on the film layer and / or the carrier layer can already ensure the metallic surface of the multilayered layer structure and consequently of the entire element.
  • the metal-containing coating and the carrier layer have a total layer thickness as a composite from 0.5 pm to 1000 pm, preferably from 5 pm to 400 pm, more preferably from 20 pm to 150 pm.
  • the metal layer preferably has a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, iron, gold, copper, molybdenum, palladium, titanium, silver, tin, zinc and / or lead and mixtures thereof.
  • the metal layer preferably consists of a metal selected from the aforementioned group.
  • the metal layer can be an alloy of aluminum, chromium, iron, gold, copper, mo lybdenum, palladium, titanium, silver, tin, zinc and / or lead, in particular a steel alloy, stainless steel alloy, copper alloy, preferably brass and / or bronze , Nickel-chromium alloy, copper-aluminum alloy, constantan, Monel and / or gold-tone alloy and / or consist thereof.
  • the metal layer has aluminum as the metal, as a result of which a metal layer can be ensured with very low production costs.
  • metal-containing material with a metal content between 0.01 to 100%, preferably from 10 to 99%, more preferably from 30 to 99%, is used.
  • An aluminum-containing metal material is particularly preferably used, further preferably the alloy EN AW 5005 A (AL MG I).
  • the above-mentioned alloy has the advantage of being weldable, anodizable, shiny and easily deformable and furthermore having good corrosion resistance.
  • the imitation of other metals for example gold, copper and / or chrome
  • the protective layer, film layer, carrier layer and / or decorative layer which is in particular colored and / or colored through and / or we are / are lacquered at least on one side.
  • the metal layer has and / or consists of a semimetal and / or a semimetal alloy.
  • the metal layer has different metals and / or different areas, in each of which at least one metal has been applied. It is thus possible for the multi-layer structure to be coated with aluminum in one area and with a copper alloy in another area.
  • the various areas can overlap or overlap, so that the metal layer in one area can have, for example, both aluminum and a copper alloy.
  • the different layers of the metal layer are arranged one above the other or formed as a common layer - in one layer plane.
  • the metal layer is preferably formed over the entire surface and / or continuously. Accordingly, the metal layer is arranged as a full-surface layer, in particular on the carrier layer, and accordingly covers the entire surface of the carrier layer. Accordingly, the metallic surface can be produced over the entire length and width of the multilayered layer structure.
  • the metal layer is partially formed.
  • a partially flat design of the metal layer is particularly useful if the metallic surface is to be produced only in a certain partial area of the multilayered layer structure. Exemplary applications would be the creation of an emblem or a coat of arms on a floor covering.
  • the metal layer can be formed as a sheet, in particular as a sheet.
  • the sheet has a layer thickness of 0.1 mm to 20 mm, preferably from 1 mm to 10 mm, more preferably from 0.5 mm to 5 mm.
  • a metal layer designed as sheet metal ensures a high strength of the multi-layer structure and can be used to stabilize the element and / or to increase the overall strength of the element.
  • the metal layer can be designed as a metal foil, preferably aluminum foil, preferably with a pure aluminum content of greater than 90%, in particular from 99% to 99.9%.
  • the metal layer formed as a metal foil can have a layer thickness of 0.1 pm to 1000 pm, preferably from 1 pm to 600 pm, more preferably from 5 pm to 500 pm. According to the invention, a metal foil is understood to be a very thin metal sheet.
  • a gold foil also called gold leaf
  • Tin foil also called tinfoil
  • a tin foil is a thinly rolled or hammered tin foil.
  • the metal foil can be designed as an adhesive foil.
  • the metal-containing material can be produced as a metal foil in the strip material from the coil and / or by cold rolling.
  • the metal layer is designed as cast and / or drawn metal, preferably as an extruded profile and / or as an extruded aluminum profile.
  • a compact heated to the forming temperature is pressed with a punch through a die.
  • the block is enclosed by a recipient - a very thick-walled tube.
  • the outer shape of the press strand is determined by the die. Flute spaces can be created using differently shaped mandrels.
  • Extruded profiles reach a length of up to 60 m, longer lengths are possible, but mostly not economical.
  • the extrusion is used to create endless material in the desired length is separated. In contrast, individual pieces are produced in the related extrusion.
  • all metals are suitable for extrusion, however aluminum, copper and / or copper alloys are used.
  • the metal layer and / or the decorative layer has preferably been brought up as a coating, in particular on the carrier layer.
  • the metal layer can have been applied by means of a painting process and / or printing process, preferably digital printing, flexographic printing, screen printing, rotogravure printing, anodizing printing, offset printing, 3D printing, transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing, sublimation printing and / or gravure printing, and / or using an embossing film, preferably through a hard stamping foil and / or cold stamping foil.
  • the metal layer formed as a coating preferably has a layer thickness of 5 nm to 400 ⁇ m, preferably of 10 nm to 250 ⁇ m.
  • a coating offers the advantage that the layer thickness can be set in a targeted manner and the metal layer can be applied in a targeted and purpose-oriented manner, possibly over a partial area, to certain areas or over the entire area on the carrier layer.
  • the metal layer has metal pigments and / or metal effect pigments and / or interference pigments and / or pearlescent pigments.
  • metal effect pigments have no metal, but only imitate the appearance of a certain metal.
  • the metal layer further comprises a metal.
  • a brass alloy, copper, gold, silver and / or aluminum can serve as metal pigments.
  • the metallic effect pigments are preferably in the form of a brass alloy, of copper, gold, silver and / or aluminum.
  • the metallic effect of metallic effect pigments can be created by reflection of the light on the metallic platelets and cause a metallic-like effect.
  • the metal plates in the ink film align themselves parallel to the substrate or ink layer and reflect the incident light on the surface.
  • Brass alloys are used for gold effects; silver metallic effect is created from aluminum pigments. Mixing with colored paints allows a different metal gloss.
  • Other metallic effect pigments are, for example, aluminum, brass and / or plastic platelets, but also iron mica, metal flakes and / or metal platelets.
  • interference pigments in particular metal oxide-coated mica pigments, can be used and / or transparent Effect pigments, such as pearlescent pigments.
  • the aforementioned pigments can be incorporated in the material of the metal layer.
  • the length or the diameter of the platelets is between 5 and 100 pm, depending on the type.
  • the thickness of the individual plates is in particular less than 1 pm.
  • the platelets can furthermore consist of one or more layers or form one or more layers.
  • the carrier material is in particular crystalline, preferably mica, and / or amorphous, preferably glass and / or silicon dioxide platelets.
  • the color composition is matched to the printing process in terms of pigment size.
  • the metal layer and the carrier layer are designed as a hologram film and / or have a hologram.
  • a hologram also called a memory image, is a photographic image made using holographic techniques, which after elaboration and illumination with coherent light reproduces a real three-dimensional image of the original object.
  • the hologram film can be used to achieve a three-dimensional depth of the multi-layer structure, the decor in particular being supported in its coloring and / or effect and / or a play of light being able to be produced when the light falls.
  • security features can also be provided with a hologram.
  • the protective layer and / or the carrier layer preferably has at least one of the aforementioned features of the film layer and / or is designed as a film layer.
  • plastic nonwovens can be metallized, preferably made of PETP, PETP / PE, PE, PP and / or PA.
  • the nonwovens have a preferred basis weight of 15 to 350 g / m 2 .
  • Fabrics made of PETP, PA and / or glass are also suitable for metallization.
  • the fabrics in particular have a basis weight of 20 to 200 g / m 2 .
  • the back of metallized carrier layers, in particular metallized papers, plastics, plastic films, nonwovens, fabrics and / or textiles, can also be coated in a self-adhesive manner, in particular with a connecting layer.
  • the carrier layer and / or the base layer has and / or consists of cellulose, natural fibers, synthetic fibers, plastic, metal, wood, foam, wood materials, wood-plastic composite materials, cork and / or linoleum from the aforementioned substances.
  • a plastic an elastomeric plastic and / or rubber is preferably provided.
  • a wood-plastic composite (WPC) is provided as the wood-plastic composite material.
  • the carrier layer and / or the base layer can be designed as a plastic film, as a multi-layer fiber composite material, paper, cardboard, fleece, textile, stone-based, fine stoneware-based, mineral, ceramic, cement-based and / or gypsum-based substrate and / or as glass.
  • the carrier layer can have a glass-based material.
  • Multi-layer fiber composites include high pressure laminates (HPL), low pressure laminates (LPL), direct pressure laminates (DPL), continuous pressure laminates (CPL) and / or a decorative laminate (DKS).
  • a textile can, for example, be formed as a woven, knitted and / or felt. The selection of the material of the carrier layer and / or the underlying layer is made in particular depending on the intended use and / or the element to which the multilayered layer structure is to be arranged.
  • the protective layer can be designed as a coating comprising a thermoplastic and / or elastomeric plastic material.
  • the protective layer has and / or consists of polyurethane (PUR), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and / or polyethylene (PE) and / or polyester, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • PUR polyurethane
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PP polypropylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the protective layer is designed such that it can provide the properties of a damping layer and / or an outer wear layer of the multi-layer structure, in particular where the protective layer has a high abrasion and wear resistance.
  • the protective layer preferably has a water-miscible and / or water-dilutable, preferably transparent, coating made of polyurethane (PUR).
  • PUR polyurethane
  • an acrylate lacquer, an elastic lacquer, a polyester lacquer, an electron beam hardened lacquer (ESH lacquer), an alkyd resin lacquer, a dispersion lacquer, an acrylic polymer lacquer, a high solid lacquer can be used as lacquer Phenol varnish, a urea varnish, a melamine resin varnish, a polyester paint, a polystyrene varnish, a polyvinyl resin varnish, a polyurethane resin varnish, a powder varnish, a silicone resin paint, a varnish containing biopolymers, a synthetic polymer varnish and / or a cellulose -Nitrate paint should be provided.
  • the protective layer can have at least one surface finish and / or consist of it. Applied as surface finishes are to be understood in particular on the multilayered layer structure facing the user side. Surface finishes can also be referred to as surface treatment, surface coating and / or surface painting. Surface sealing is to be understood as meaning thin, transparent layers that are applied after laying on the multilayered layer structure. Surface finish refers to an applied layer of less than 50 pm.
  • the surface finish protect the underside of the layer structure and improve the properties of the entire layer structure, after which the costs for cleaning and maintenance can be reduced and the value retention of the entire element can be increased.
  • the surface finish is based on the interaction between the element, the multi-layer structure and the finish itself.
  • transparent surface treatments and / or impregnations are provided for the protective layer, which preferably have a transparent polymer lacquer system and / or are based on natural substances and / or contain wax coatings and / or oil-based coatings. Transparent, highly durable and / or low-odor coatings are very particularly preferred.
  • the above-mentioned lacquers of the protective layer can be run in the stoving process or can be applied in the ESH lacquering.
  • the surface finish of the protective layer preferably has a layer thickness of 1 pm to 1000 pm, preferably 10 pm to 500 pm.
  • the surface finish can also have a structure and / or be structured, in particular the surface finish can accordingly have a surface structure of the multilayered layer structure. put.
  • This surface structure can produce the decorative optics, for example a wooden pore and / or decorative plastic structures, and / or can be used for a supporting optical effect.
  • the surface structure can also be used due to its functional property (s), in particular for slip resistance.
  • the surface finish can be applied both directly to the metal layer and / or on the top side to the plastic film or the film layer.
  • an aqueous PU coating can be provided as the protective layer.
  • the protective layer can be produced by lamination, in particular flame lamination, sprinkling of meltable, powdered plastics and subsequent melting. Due to the metal layer and / or a plurality of metal layers integrated in the multilayer layer structure, there are possibilities for using the functional and technical properties of the metal layer for the element.
  • the multilayered layer structure can be used to change and / or improve the electrical, thermal, barrier and / or chemical properties and / or sun protection and / or fire protection (flame retardancy) and / or to shield electrical, magnetic and / or electromagnetic fields can be used for the element. Consequently, the aforementioned properties can be drastically improved by the multilayer structure.
  • the multilayered layer structure can be designed such that the element with an applied layer structure is designed to be waterproof at least on the loading side.
  • the metal layer can be used specifically to conduct electricity, so that it is conceivable that the metal layer as a functional layer is an electrically conductive layer. In particular, the metal layer can be designed as a conductor track.
  • a layered composite of the film layer, the protective layer and / or the preliminary product can form a composite film.
  • the individual layers of the composite film can be extruded or laminated or laminated. It can be produced by laminating several layers of the same or different materials or layers, in particular plastic films.
  • suitable lubricants such as varnish, glue and / or wax can be used.
  • the material can be on or under one Layer with the desired properties applied or placed between two layers.
  • a corona pretreatment is generally necessary - as mentioned above - for some plastic materials, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene and / or polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the surface to be treated is exposed to an electrical corona discharge for a short time.
  • Alternatives to corona treatment are flame treatment, plasma treatment and fluorination. Processing is preferably carried out from the roll, in particular the roll laminating machine, or as surface laminating, in particular with a surface laminating system.
  • the multilayered layer structure can be provided for changing and / or improving functional-technical properties and / or functions of the element.
  • the layer structure known from practice by integrating a metal layer.
  • the functional and technical properties of the layer structure and in particular the element can be changed in a targeted and functional manner, preferably improved. Consequently, according to the invention, a layer structure can be provided which, in addition to the visual representation of a decor, can purposefully influence technical properties of the element.
  • the multilayered layer structure can also be applied to elements without having to focus on redesigning and redesigning the elements.
  • the layered structures can be used with regard to their technical and functional properties - not because of their aesthetic and decorative character.
  • the layer structure can serve as a component of the element to influence the properties of the element and contribute directly to the fulfillment of important technical functions.
  • the multi-layer structure is provided for dissipating electrostatic charges.
  • the electrical properties of the element can be improved.
  • an electrostatic charge, in particular the plastic film can be dissipated via the metal layer, in particular where the metal layer is electrically conductive. is high.
  • an electrostatic charge, especially the layer structure is problematic.
  • the surfaces can become electrostatically charged due to friction, for example caused by walking on floors with plastic surfaces that have polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA) and / or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PA polyamide
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • the charge can be discharged through the correspondingly conductive metal layer.
  • further earthing measures are planned. According to the invention, these are optional, the discharge function being controllable and / or improving through the grounding measures.
  • a conductive material is understood to be a material whose electrical resistivity is less than 10 4 Om.
  • the metal can accordingly conduct electricity and thus reduce, in particular eliminate, the electrical charge. Consequently, according to the invention, an electrostatic charge of the single-layer or multi-layer upper layer structure of the element can be derived through a metal layer, preferably via a plastic film metallized with aluminum, the plastic film being designed as a film layer.
  • the multi-layer structure can be provided for shielding electrical, magnetic and / or electromagnetic radiation.
  • the multilayered layer structure serves to shield magnetic fields, such as the earth's magnetic field and / or electromagnetic fields, due to telecommunications, electronic devices, microelectronic devices, lightning, navigation, systems for power supply, microwave ovens, ignition and / or drives.
  • an electrical, electromagnetic and / or magnetic field is to be understood to mean any field that has an influence on the element according to the invention.
  • noble metals preferably copper, aluminum, iron and / or steel and / or ferromagnetic alloys, lead and / or metallized plastics, fabrics and / or nonwovens are suitable as materials for shielding the metal layer.
  • multi-layer structures can be arranged on the element and / or a plurality of foil layers and / or metal layers can be integrated in the layer structure to shield an element.
  • a very economical solution for shielding the element from electrical shear, electromagnetic and / or magnetic radiation or fields are provided.
  • the multi-layer structure can be used for preventive fire protection, preferably for flame retardancy.
  • a flame-retardant effect of the multilayer layer structure can be achieved in that the metal layer cannot be made combustible, after which the combustibility and / or flammability of the entire element improves.
  • the low flammability of a material and / or element is particularly important for object use and / or protective construction.
  • Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal salts and / or boron and / or zinc compounds and / or silicon compounds are particularly suitable for the flame-retardant metal layer, in particular the metallic or metal-containing coating.
  • a plurality of the same and / or different metal layers are arranged in the layer structure for the flame-retardant effect.
  • the multi-layer structure for sun protection and / or for the reflection of sunlight in particular in the visible wavelength range, infrared region and / or UV range, can be provided.
  • the visible wavelength range extends from 380 to 750 nm; the infrared range begins with radiation with a wavelength greater than 750 nm; the UV range is characterized by radiation with a wavelength of less than 380 nm.
  • An external, the sun radiation side facing, sun protection of the element can be based on reflection, with an internal sun protection of the element facing away from the sun radiation side by absorption who can ensure the.
  • a film layer coated with aluminum can reflect not only visible light and infrared radiation, but also UV radiation.
  • an aluminum coating differs from layers that have silver and / or gold.
  • the reflectance of aluminum is largely independent of the wavelength.
  • the degree of reflection of the metal layer used can be greater than 70%, in particular for all wavelength ranges, preferably between 85% and 100%; specifically above 800 nm in the near infrared range.
  • an outward-facing user side or film layer facing the solar radiation can be vapor-coated with aluminum to form the metal layer, which in particular reflects up to 80% of the incident sunlight, the reflection in particular also being selective and consequently changing the light can be trained.
  • a sun protection film and / or a multilayered layer structure for sun protection can in particular have a film layer made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which can be applied in particular to a window, so that light and / or heat from the solar radiation that can be transmitted through the window is reducible. It is preferably provided that the metal layer and / or the multilayered layer structure filters UV-A and / or UV-B radiation.
  • a UV-A radiation is in a wavelength range from 315 to 380 nm.
  • the UV-B range is provided in a wavelength range from 280 to 315 nm.
  • the sun protection can be achieved by reflecting the metal layer, and absorption of the radiation can also be provided.
  • the radiation emanating from the sun can be reflected and / or absorbed.
  • the film and / or the multilayered layer structure is made optically darker with higher sun protection.
  • the rejection of the, in particular total, solar energy is a percentage depending on the type of multilayer layer structure and / or depending on the type of metal and / or film layer and / or depending on the type of laying - d. H. inside or outside - up to 86%, preferably reduced radiation on the glass.
  • a multi-layer structure which is designed as a sun protection film, has UV protection of in particular 99%, ie. H. UV radiation can only be transmitted through the sun protection film with a transmittance of less than or equal to 1%.
  • a sun protection film and / or a multi-layered structure for sun protection is particularly suitable for use as a coating or for use for facade elements, since a facade can be exposed to the sun's rays and the function of the sun protection can protect the interior of a building from the sun's rays ,
  • the layer structure embodied as a sun protection film, so that when it is applied to a window on the outside, the interior space which has the window cannot be seen or is difficult to see.
  • sun protection films which should not be recognizable if possible, achieve reduced radiation of up to 50% and UV protection of up to 99%.
  • the thermal and / or chemical properties of the layer structure and / or of the element can also be improved.
  • the respective area of use of the element can advantageously be purposefully improved by integrating the metal layer into the layer structure.
  • properties of the element can be ensured that have not previously been achieved without the application of the layer structure according to the invention.
  • the herbicidal and / or antimicrobial effect of the element and / or the layer structure is used.
  • the bactericidal and fungicidal agents used are, in particular, metal layers which are metal (silver (Ag), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), Zinc (Zn) and / or iron (Fe) and / or consist of the aforementioned materials.
  • the use of salts of these metals with organic acids is preferably provided.
  • the herbicidal and / or antimicrobial activity of the above-mentioned materials can decrease in the list according to the above-mentioned order.
  • protective agents for lacquer coatings and plastics are provided on an organometallic compound of mercury, tin and / or lead of the tributyltin oxide and / or trialkyl lead acetate type.
  • a colloidal silver can be provided as a material with regard to the antimicrobial effect, in particular where colloidal silver can inactivate a number of bacteria and / or fungi in concentrations which are already small.
  • the metal layer has a photocatalyst, in particular nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (T1O 2 ), in particular with coated surfaces being provided within the multilayer layer structure.
  • the photocatalysts allow photocatalytic self-cleaning and / or pollutant absorption, in particular air cleaning. Irradiation with light, in particular sun light, and / or UV radiation in particular decomposes organic materials on the surface.
  • the surfaces can remain clean and have an antimicrobial effect. These surfaces are also characterized by super hydrophilic properties. In particular, water cannot form droplets on the aforementioned layers, but rather a thin layer. No fogging of the surfaces, in particular the superhydrophilic surfaces, is preferably discernible.
  • the multilayered layer structure is provided to improve and / or guarantee at least one of the following technical functions of the element:
  • the aforementioned properties or functions of the element can be specifically improved by using the metal layer, in particular it can also be provided that one of the aforementioned functions cannot be implemented without the multilayer layer structure.
  • the metal layer protects the element from mechanical stress, increases the strength of the entire element (function: stabilize) and forms a barrier, in particular against gases and / or liquids (function: sealing and rejecting).
  • heat is stored in the multilayered layer structure and also passed on via the metal layer.
  • the multilayer layer structure is designed to be diffusion-inhibiting and / or diffusion-tight.
  • the multilayered layer structure is preferably provided to avoid diffusion of liquids and / or gases through the element.
  • the multilayered layer structure can be designed as a vapor barrier and / or barrier layer.
  • the aforementioned barrier properties are ensured by the metal layer that forms a barrier for liquids and / or gases.
  • the multi-layer structure is watertight.
  • a plurality of metal layers and / or metallized film layers can be provided in the layer structure.
  • the multilayered layer structure is preferably used together with the element as a vapor barrier or vapor barrier for elements for the floor, wall, ceiling and / or facade area.
  • the multilayered layer structure and / or the metal layer and / or the element according to DIN 4102 (as of June 2018) is preferably non-combustible and / or flame-retardant.
  • the non-combustible material of the layer structure, the element and / or the metal layer has a building material class of A1 or A2.
  • a flame-retardant layer structure, element and / or metal layer has in particular the building material class B1 according to DIN 4102 (as of June 2018).
  • an earthing device for earthing is electrically connected to the multilayer structure, in particular to the metal layer, the earthing device being designed such that electrostatic charges on the element can be dissipated.
  • the grounding device ensures the grounding of the electrostatic charges that can be dissipated via the metal layer and is preferably arranged on the rear side of the layer structure and / or the element facing away from the use side.
  • a grounding device designed as an electrical conductor is accordingly connected to the metal layer and fed to the grounding connection.
  • floor panels on the underside, facing away from the user side, have electrical adapter or connection points which contact the metal layer.
  • the panels can then be electrically connected to one another and / or in series and / or grounded.
  • the metal layer of the layer structure can thus be used to discharge the electrostatic charge in a ne surface layer and / or finish film can be integrated.
  • the metal layer can be located immediately below, facing away from the user side, a film layer and / or further, upper layers of the layer structure facing the user side, in particular a wear layer, whereby the direct discharge of the charge is favored.
  • the metal layer can be provided as an electrical conductor track and / or for electrical conduction.
  • the metal layer can be formed over the entire surface and / or over part of the surface.
  • a masking of the film layer which can act as a carrier, can be provided, so that only individual subregions of the film layer are specifically metallized. Demetallization - ie partial removal of the previously applied metal layer - can also be provided to produce the conductor track.
  • a plurality of partial metal layers is particularly preferably formed as electrical conductor tracks.
  • the metal layers can be spaced apart, in particular at least one insulation layer being provided for the spacing.
  • a plurality of electrical circuits and / or separate electrical polarities of the metal layer can be provided.
  • different layers of the metal layers are electrically insulated from one another via an insulation layer.
  • a metal layer applied by means of vacuum coating is particularly very economical.
  • PVD method physical vapor deposition
  • particular care must be taken to electrically isolate edge areas of a component - the layer structure or element - preferably by means of an insulating coating, in particular by means of a lacquer coating or a welding of the film layers.
  • the metal layer formed as a conductor track can be found in the surface layer of furniture elements, floor panel elements, wallpaper elements or the like; and that without the need for annoying cabling and in particular the associated cutouts, cable ducts and / or cavities.
  • a plastic film is preferably provided as the insulation layer, in particular the plastic film having and / or consisting of polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA) and / or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • PP polypropylene
  • PA polyamide
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • a non-conductive material is preferably provided as the material for the insulation layer.
  • the insulation layer as a material, in particular based on synthetic and / or semi-synthetic polymers, preferably elastomeric, thermoplastic and / or thermosetting, plastic, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cast polyvinyl chloride, polyester (PES), polyester with a Surface containing polyvinylchloride, perfluorocarbons (PFC), polyurethane (PUR), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polypropylene (PP), natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), cast propylene (CPP), oriented propylene (OPP), biaxially oriented propylene (BOPP) , Polyetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (PE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET / PETP), polystyrene (PS), biaxially oriented polyester film (BOPET), Polyactide (PLA, PDLA, PLLA and / or PDL
  • the insulation layer is very particularly preferably in the form of a film layer.
  • the metal layer is electrically connected to a connecting device of the element, in particular in particular wherein the connecting device is connected to an energy supply device and / or an electrical consumer. Consequently, electrical energy and / or an electrical current can be introduced into the metal layer via the connecting device and can be passed on via the metal layer, in particular the metal layer designed as a conductor track.
  • the dacasein direction can be provided, for example, in the manner of an adapter function on the user side of the multi-layer structure.
  • connection device of the metal layer supplies the electrical energy for transmission, which is then supplied to an electrical consumer via a connection device.
  • Inductive charging can also be provided for an electrical consumer, which in this connection is placed in particular on the user side of the multilayered layer structure.
  • the metal layer can be designed in the manner of a functional layer, which ensures the electrical properties of a multilayered layer structure and / or an element.
  • Electrical consumers such as lights or loudspeakers, can preferably be wired without bell, in particular LED and / or OLED lights.
  • electrical adapter points can be formed as connecting devices on the multilayered layer structure and / or the element, as he mentioned above, which contact the metal layer and connect the conductor track to the power supply, in particular a power supply unit and / or the accumulator, and the like Manufacture consumers, for example the lamp.
  • the electrical adapter functions are preferably not arranged visually from the user side, in particular on the edge and / or rear side.
  • the metal layer designed as a conductor track can also be produced by printing with a metallic material.
  • the power cross section of the conductor track is in particular between 0.001 mm 2 to 0.15 mm 2 , in particular depending on the power requirement for the energy supply of an electrical consumer - that is to say at higher currents for supplying an electrical consumer and / or electrical consumers Lich a larger cross-section, in particular to avoid heating the conductor track.
  • a metal layer designed as an electrical conductor track preferably has aluminum, copper, gold and / or silver as the material.
  • the aforementioned materials are characterized in particular by a high electrical conductivity with a low electrical resistance. It goes without saying that, particularly preferably, a conductor track with a low layer height, in particular in a range from 10 mm to 1 pm, is provided, so that the material used for the metal layer is comparatively small.
  • a metallized plastic film preferably an aluminum metallized plastic film, is characterized by economical production.
  • a filler layer is arranged at least in regions in the free spaces of the partial metal layer, preferably designed as an electrical conductor track.
  • the filler layer preferably has plastic as the material.
  • the filling layer can be produced by coating, printing and / or painting. It can be provided that the filler layer can only be applied after the metal layer has been applied and thus fits or arranges into the free spaces of the metal layer provided between the individual strands of the conductor track.
  • the filling layer is provided for the electrical insulation of the individual branches and / or strands of the metal layer designed as a conductor track.
  • the metal layer is formed as a separately applied negative layer.
  • the filling layer can be produced independently of the metal layer, but depending on the geometry or the structure and / or design of the metal layer.
  • the negative layer can in particular be brought up together with the metal layer on the film layer and / or be connected to the film layer.
  • the metal layer can have different polarities, in particular at least one positive pole and one negative pole, in particular an anode and / or a cathode and / or different circuits. In this context, it makes sense if the layer structure has a plurality of metal layers. Ultimately, the metal layers with different polarity can also be arranged in the same plane in the layer structure, in particular where the metal layers are then electrically insulated from one another.
  • the multilayered layer structure and / or the element particularly preferably has an S d value of less than 1500 m, preferably less than 1000 m, more preferably between 0.01 to 500 m and at least essentially between 0.1 to 100 m ,
  • the multilayered layer structure and / or the element, as mentioned above, is designed to be diffusion-inhibiting and / or diffusion-tight.
  • the S d value characterizes the air layer thickness equivalent to water vapor diffusion. This is a building physics measure for the water vapor diffusion resistance of a component or a component layer.
  • the S d value clearly indicates a thickness that a dormant air layer must have so that the same diffusion currents flow through it in steady state and under the same boundary conditions - in comparison to the component under consideration.
  • the multilayered layer structure has an S d value of greater than 100 m, preferably greater than 500 m, more preferably greater than or equal to 800 m, preferably between 800 m to 5000 m.
  • an S d value of greater than or equal to 1500 m characterizes a diffusion-tight layer, and consequently a vapor barrier.
  • the multilayered layer structure preferably has a water passage (W DD value) of less than 2 g / m 2 / 24h, preferably less than 1 g / m, in particular with a material thickness of between 1 pm and 20 pm, preferably between 8 pm and 15 pm 2 / 24h, more preferably between 0.1 g / m 2 / 24h to 0.6 g / m 2 / 24h.
  • the water vapor passage is determined by multiplying by 24 h from the water vapor diffusion current density, the water vapor diffusion current density being determined by the difference in the partial water vapor pressures from inside and outside - facing and facing the weathering side - divided by the water vapor diffusion flow resistance.
  • the possible water vapor passages are already reduced significantly with small increases in the S d values.
  • the multilayered layer structure and / or the element preferably has an oxygen passage or a gas permeability for oxygen of less than 2 cm 3 / m 2 / 24h, preferably less than 1 cm 3 / m 2 / 24h, more preferably between 0.1 cm 3 / m 2 / 24h to 0.5 cm 3 / m 2 / 24h.
  • the oxygen diffusion was measured at room temperature in accordance with ISO 2556 and / or ISO 15105/1 (as of July 2018).
  • the sub-base layer has at least one carrier plate.
  • the multilayer layer structure can be arranged on the carrier plate, in particular wherein the carrier plate ensures high stability of the element and is preferably not flexible.
  • the carrier board can be used as gypsum plasterboard, gypsum fibreboard, plaster substrate, coarse chipboard (OSB chipboard), high-density fiberboard (high density Fiberboard; HDF board), perfluorocarbon board (PFC board), medium density floss fiber board (medium density fiber board; MDF board), particle board and / or wood-plastic composite board (WPC board).
  • the carrier plate can also be used as a high pressure laminate (HPL), low pressure laminate (LPL), direct pressure laminate (DPL), continuous pressure laminate (CPL) and / or decorative laminate (DKS), stone-based, fine stoneware-based, mineral, ceramic, cement-based and / or gypsum-based sub-layer.
  • HPL high pressure laminate
  • LPL low pressure laminate
  • DPL direct pressure laminate
  • CPL continuous pressure laminate
  • DKS decorative laminate
  • stone-based, fine stoneware-based, mineral, ceramic, cement-based and / or gypsum-based sub-layer Ultimately, the material of the background layer and / or the carrier plate is used depending on the use of the element.
  • the multi-layer structure can be arranged on a wide variety of substrates of the element and generate an at least be rich metallic surface on this.
  • the carrier plate can have a, preferably elastic, plastic material.
  • a thermosetting and / or thermoplastic plastic can be provided as the plastic material.
  • the plastic material is polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), polyethylene (PE), polyester, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polypropylene (PP), natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), perflurocarbone (PFC), a polyolefin, a chlorine-free plastic and / or an elastomer is provided.
  • the carrier plate may have linoleum, rubber, cork, solid wood, flock materials, a compact laminate and / or metal, in particular a metal sheet, and / or consist thereof.
  • the background layer, the carrier layer and / or the protective layer and / or the metal layer has a, in particular adhesion-promoting and / or transparent, color-ink recording layer, in particular wherein the color-ink recording layer can be generated by an adhesion-promoting pretreatment.
  • the color-ink recording layer can be generated by an adhesion-promoting pretreatment.
  • the color-ink-receiving layer can absorb the ink and / or the color of the decorative layer, so that, at least partially, the decorative layer is arranged in one of the aforementioned layers, in particular at least partially penetrates into the latter.
  • the decorative layer has very particularly preferably penetrated the color ink receiving layer.
  • the top side of the background layer facing the user side can preferably be seen at least in some areas, in particular visually recognizable to an observer standing outside with the naked eye. In this context, it can be provided that the top of the substrate layer shines through the decorative film at least in some areas.
  • the base layer is preferably firmly connected to the multi-layer structure, in particular the base layer being glued to the multi-layer structure.
  • the adhesive layer which is preferably designed as a connecting layer, can be seen on the underside of the multilayered layer structure, which is connected to the upper side of the underlying layer facing the multilayered layer structure.
  • the sub-layer has a middle layer.
  • the middle layer can have a plastic-containing and / or mineral material.
  • the material used can be polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), linoleum, an elastomer, a cork, a polyolefin, a chlorine-free plastic, acrylate, a foam, rubber, a mineral material and / or a mixture of materials, in particular from the aforementioned Materials to be provided.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PUR polyurethane
  • linoleum an elastomer
  • cork cork
  • a polyolefin a chlorine-free plastic
  • acrylate acrylate
  • foam rubber
  • mineral material a mineral material and / or a mixture of materials
  • the element can preferably be produced independently of the multilayered layer structure, so that the multilayered layer structure can be applied to different elements, in particular without the elements being complicatedly pretreated and / or prepared.
  • the middle layer can be a high-density fibreboard (HDF), a medium-density fibreboard (MDF board), chipboard, a high pressure laminate board (HPL board), continuous pressure laminate board (CPL board), a compact laminate ( DKS), preferably polyethylene (PE), low pressure laminate (LPL), direct pressure laminate (DPL), metal, wood-plastic composite (WPC), a wood material, solid wood, glass, paper and / or cardboard and / or consist of it.
  • HDF high-density fibreboard
  • MDF board medium-density fibreboard
  • HPL board high pressure laminate board
  • CPL board continuous pressure laminate board
  • DKS compact laminate
  • PE polyethylene
  • LPL low pressure laminate
  • DPL direct pressure laminate
  • WPC wood-plastic composite
  • the sub-layer preferably above and / or below the middle layer, has an Has reinforcement layer, in particular wherein the reinforcement layer has jute and / or a glass fiber reinforcement.
  • the reinforcement layer can be provided to increase the stability of the underlying layer, in particular the middle layer.
  • the base layer in particular on the underside, facing away from the user side, can have a back layer, in particular wherein the back layer has a plastic material.
  • Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), linoleum, an elastomer, a polyolefin and / or a chlorine-free plastic can be provided as the plastic material for the back layer.
  • the back layer can have a metallic material, in particular a metallic foil, and / or glass and / or cork.
  • locking contours are provided on at least one edge side, preferably on all edge sides.
  • the locking contours are provided in particular on the edge sides of the substrate layer and / or the element.
  • the locking contours are used to connect elements to be arranged directly next to each other.
  • a so-called click system with corresponding locking contours is advantageous for quick and / or easy laying of the covering.
  • the locking contours can correspond to one another and / or can be formed complementarily on mutually opposite edge sides.
  • a tongue and groove connection is preferably provided as the locking contour.
  • the tongue and groove connection is known in particular in the case of laminate and / or parquet and / or in the case of a wall, ceiling and / or floor covering and is established in practice.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a multilayered layer structure of the aforementioned type.
  • a multilayered layer structure can be produced, which can be applied to an aforementioned element to achieve an at least partially metallic surface.
  • the metal layer is applied to a carrier layer, in particular the film layer, by means of a metallic and / or metal-containing coating.
  • the process step of coating in manufacturing technology is understood to mean such a method that for applying a firmly adhering layer of formless material, in the present case a metal-containing material and / or metal, to the surface of a workpiece, in particular the carrier layer, is being used.
  • a firmly adhering layer of formless material in the present case a metal-containing material and / or metal
  • the material of the metal layer is melted and / or converted into a liquid state.
  • the carrier layer preferably the film layer
  • the carrier layer is coated, printed and / or metallized with a metallic and / or metal-containing material to form the metal layer.
  • Metallization is understood to mean the coating of a material with a metal layer, whereby in principle various methods of thin-film technology can be used for the metallization:
  • PVD Physical vapor deposition
  • Plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (physical-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, PECVD)
  • Printing on the carrier layer, in particular the film layer is carried out by means of digital, anodizing, inkjet, offset, gravure, flexographic, screen and / or 3D printing and / or transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing, sublimation printing and / or direct printing.
  • the pressure can be transferred by means of an embossing foil, preferably a hard stamping foil and / or a cold stamping foil. will be worn and / or brought by means of micro-contact and / or spin coating.
  • the aforementioned methods are used to apply the metal layer such that the comparatively thin metal layer is firmly on the carrier layer, preferably the film layer.
  • ⁇ structures can be created during the printing process, in particular the metal layer.
  • the preferred layer thickness of a metal layer applied by means of 3D printing is between 5 gm to 2000 gm, preferably between 10 gm to 1000 gm.
  • the metal layer is applied to the carrier layer by electroplating.
  • an anodized, galvanized, chromated, chrome-plated, burnished and / or galvanic coating can be provided.
  • the metal-containing coating is applied by means of thermal spraying, wire flame spraying, powder flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying and / or high-speed flame spraying (HVOF).
  • HVOF high-speed flame spraying
  • the metal-containing coating of the metal layer is applied by means of vacuum coating, preferably vacuum evaporation, plasma coating, physical vapor deposition (PVD) and / or chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
  • vacuum coating preferably vacuum evaporation, plasma coating, physical vapor deposition (PVD) and / or chemical vapor deposition (CVD).
  • the metallization can in principle be carried out with any of the materials of the metal layer mentioned above.
  • a carrier film with a very thin layer in particular made of high-purity aluminum in powder form with an aluminum content of at least 99.98%, is preferably vapor-deposited in a floch vacuum.
  • Metallization with zinc or alloy, a zinc-aluminum alloy and / or with copper is also preferred.
  • Chromium is also particularly preferred, Iron, gold, molybdenum, palladium, silver and / or titanium and their alloys, in particular nickel-chromium alloy, copper-aluminum alloy, constantan, monel and / or gold-tone alloys.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • the processes of physical vapor deposition are vacuum-based coating processes in which the coating material, in this case the metal, is converted into the gas phase with the aid of physical processes and then as a thin layer, that is, as a metallization. condensed on the substrate, in particular the carrier plate.
  • Thermal evaporation and cathode sputtering sputtering, in particular magnetron sputtering
  • Other process options include arc evaporation, ion plating, silver passivation and / or the sol-gel process.
  • the metallization is preferably carried out from roll to roll of the backing layer, in particular the backing layer stored in roll form and designed as a plastic film.
  • metallized polyethylene films, polypropylene films and / or polyamide films have very good barrier properties against oxygen, gases and moisture.
  • the metallized film can also be subsequently printed, laminated against other films and / or used as a composite film.
  • Colored metallic effect foils or metallic effect foils with silver tones can also be used.
  • Colored chrome effects or special effects, such as holograms in particular, are also preferably used.
  • the degree of gloss of the metallized carrier layer can vary between matt to high-gloss, the degree of gloss being determined by the method of application and the type of material. Ultimately, it goes without saying that the more shiny the surface of the carrier layer, the more intensely the metallic effect becomes visible.
  • a metallization with aluminum as the metal layer, and to this a plastic film, preferably translucently colored and / or pigmented, in particular to arrange a protective layer and / or film layer formed as a plastic film, preferably comprising polypropylene and / or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • a gold tone can be created by using a translucent yellow pigmented film if a support layer coated with aluminum is used. The metallic sheen of the aluminum vaporization is still visible through the translucent colored film.
  • a transparent, red-brown colored foil for example, a copper tone and / or with gray color pigments the appearance of stainless steel and / or titanium can be created.
  • a transparent film can be provided on the top side with a pigmented, translucent coating, preferably a lacquer and / or a printed background, in particular where the coating is designed as a protective layer.
  • the aluminum vaporization can preferably be brought up in this context on the back of the film layer, facing away from the user side. If a translucent, translucent background is printed, an adhesion-promoting, transparent color-ink absorption layer can be provided on the top of the film layer.
  • the aforementioned colored and / or pigmented films in particular the protective layer and / or film layer designed as a plastic film, can have a variable degree of translucency, the translucency depending on the desired optical effect between 0% (fully opaque) and 100% (transparent, crystal clear, clear), preferably between 10% and 70%, can be provided.
  • the layers of the multi-layer structure are connected to one another by lamination, by co-extrusion and / or lamination, in particular by means of a roll lamination method and / or surface lamination method.
  • Laminating is understood to mean connecting several layers of the same or different materials with the aid of suitable laminating agents, preferably lacquer, glue and / or wax.
  • suitable laminating agents preferably lacquer, glue and / or wax.
  • the lamination can be divided into three forms: - wet lamination
  • a viscose dispersion adhesive in particular based on polyurethane, is applied in layers, in particular with a layer thickness of 7 to 25 mm, to the film and first dried in a drying device.
  • the adhesive is often two-component.
  • the substrate is fed and combined with the film under pressure in a nip.
  • the adhesive may then harden.
  • the layered composite is produced with a dry adhesive, in particular where two-component reactive adhesives can be used for lamination, which are predominantly matched to the respective substrates.
  • the application techniques of the laminating system are preferably provided via kiss coating, anilox roller application, nozzle and / or casting box principle. In particular, application weights between 1 g / m 2 and 20 g / m 2 are achieved.
  • the film is pre-coated with a thermoreactive adhesive. This can be melted by heat and combines the different materials under the action of pressure.
  • Lamination is understood to mean a material, thermal joining process that does not require the use of reflowing materials.
  • a lamination preferably thin layers can be connected to a carrier material by means of an adhesive.
  • the types of lamination can be divided into hard lamination, cold lamination and lamination using presses.
  • plastic melts of the same type or alien are brought together before leaving a profile nozzle and then pressed out through a shaping opening.
  • the layers preferably in the form of plastic films, including the metal layer and / or a carrier layer and, if appropriate, a counter-pull provided under the carrier layer can be thermally bonded to one another in one process step, for example by means of dilatation compression and / or dilatation bonding , especially in a hard press and / or hot melt press and / or a short cycle press.
  • Another method for connecting the film layer and the metal layer is thermal direct joining, in particular where the metal layer is electrically heated by resistance heating. If this is then brought together with the film layer, the plastic melts and forms a solid bond with the metal or the metal layer immediately after it stiff.
  • the upper layer of the multilayered layer structure in particular the protective layer and / or the film layer, has a PUR film layer on the underside as a raft mediator to the carrier layer.
  • PUR is characterized by the fact that it has a low melting point, so that this plastic melts during thermal bonding and thus serves as an adhesive layer or as a flow mediator between the other layers of the upper layer of the multi-layer structure and the metal layer.
  • At least some at least one at least one-layer protective layer is applied to the film layer, the decorative layer and / or the metal layer.
  • the protective layer can be designed as a protective film and / or protective coating.
  • the protective layer is applied by means of painting, impregnation, lamination and / or film coating.
  • the protective layer can be integrated into the multi-layer structure and / or on the front or the user be arranged on the underside of the multilayer layer structure, in particular to protect the layers underneath.
  • the protective layer can be dried after application, preferably by heat and / or infrared radiation.
  • a two-component aqueous coating can be provided for crosslinking, the crosslinking being carried out by ultraviolet radiation, by electron beam curing (ESH) and / or heat.
  • ESH electron beam curing
  • the protective layer is consequently applied to an already existing composite and then dried, so that the protective layer is firmly connected to the layers arranged below it and / or subsequently above it, in particular to the metal layer and / or the film layer.
  • Various methods can be used to produce the protective layer, in particular the surface finish, which differ in particular in characteristic features:
  • UV ultraviolet radiation
  • the protective layer, the film layer and / or the metal layer is / are preferably subjected to a mechanical surface treatment.
  • the mechanical surface treatment is carried out in such a way that a structured surface of the abovementioned layers can be achieved, which in particular is still at least partially present on the use side of the multilayered layer structure.
  • Polishing, sandblasting, satinizing, glass bead blasting, grinding, milling, drilling, scoring, brushing, lasering, engraving, laser engraving and / or embossing can be provided as the mechanical surface treatment.
  • a so-called "butler finish" can be achieved for the metal layer by a brushing process.
  • the metal layer can be subjected to a chemical surface treatment, patination and / or coloring. Etching, preferably with an acid-containing material, of the metal layer can be provided as the chemical surface treatment.
  • the metal layer is structured in a targeted manner, for example for improved adhesion with the layers to be arranged on the metal layer.
  • the metal layer can be demetallized at least in regions.
  • the metal layer is applied over the entire surface and in individual areas the metal layer and / or the metal-containing coating is removed. In this way, for example, conductor tracks can be generated.
  • the film layer and / or the at least single-layer protective layer can be extruded and / or laminated onto the metal layer.
  • the at least one-layer protective layer can be extruded and / or laminated onto the film layer.
  • Lacquer, glue and / or wax are used in particular as laminating agents.
  • the decorative layer, the protective layer and / or the film layer can be formed as a preliminary or intermediate product and can be produced separately from the metal layer and only connected to the metal layer and / or the carrier layer in a further subsequent process step.
  • a layered composite of the film layer, the protective layer and / or the preliminary product can form a composite film.
  • the individual layers of the composite film can be extruded or laminated or laminated. It can be produced by laminating several layers of the same or different materials or layers, in particular plastic films.
  • suitable lubricants such as varnish, glue and / or wax can be used.
  • the material can be applied on or under a layer with the desired properties or placed between two layers.
  • a corona pretreatment is usually necessary - as mentioned above - for some plastic materials, in particular polyethylene, polypropylene and / or polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the surface to be treated is exposed to an electrical corona discharge for a short time.
  • Alternatives to corona treatment are flame treatment, plasma treatment and fluorination.
  • Processing is preferably carried out from the roll, in particular the roll laminating machine, or as surface lamination, in particular with a surface laminating system.
  • the above-mentioned composite film can in particular be provided on the underside with a melamine-coated paper as the connecting layer.
  • the composite film can be pressed in a short-cycle press, in particular on a wood material such as HDF and / or MDF.
  • the pressing takes place under pressure and heat, especially at temperatures from 160 to 200 ° C.
  • the melamine becomes liquid in the resin-coated paper and combines with the HDF board through the pressing process.
  • the melamine-coated paper takes on the adapter function for processing the composite film in a short-cycle press.
  • a prerequisite for technical feasibility is in particular the use of a composite film according to the invention, which is preferably stable in a temperature range from 160 to 200 ° C. Ultimately, this means that the individual components of the composite film used, such as the plastic and / or the laminating adhesive, must meet these temperature requirements.
  • the melting range of polypropylene is around 160 ° C +/- 10 ° C.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate has a melting point of 250 ° C +/- 10 ° C.
  • Polyurethane has a melting point of 190 ° C +/- 10 ° C.
  • the film layer When forming the film layer as a transparent melamine layer, it is particularly appropriate that one or more transparent overlays are applied to the metal layer.
  • The, preferably partially interrupted, decorative layer can be printed using one of the previously described printing methods, preferably directly on the metal layer and / or on the underside or top side of the overlay.
  • the overlay is preferably connected to the metal layer by thermal bonding, in particular hot pressing, preferably using a short-cycle pressing device and / or by gluing or hot gluing.
  • the multilayered layer structure is connected to the underlying layer, in particular pressed, laminated, glued and / or laminated.
  • a roller laminating method and / or a surface laminating method can be used.
  • the individual layers of the layer structure are connected to one another with the underlying layer in one method step.
  • a connection preferably takes place via pressing, in particular special hot pressing and / or lamination, in particular roller lamination processes and / or surface lamination processes and / or lamination and / or adhesive bonding.
  • the individual layers of the element and / or the layer structure can be joined together by variants of the manufacturing processes described above, in particular by changing the type and sequence of putting it together.
  • components, sub-layers and / or backing layers can also be produced from metallic material, which are then printed, in particular using the direct printing method and / or digital printing method, and then provided with the film layer and / or the protective layer, preferably in the form of a translucent paint.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of a multi-layer
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of a multilayer layer structure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of a multi-layer structure according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a multi-layer structure
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of a multi-layer structure according to the invention
  • 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a multi-layer structure according to the invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a further embodiment of a multi-layer structure according to the invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of a multi-layer structure according to the invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic cross-sectional view in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayered layer structure according to the invention
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic cross-sectional view in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayered layer structure according to the invention
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional illustration in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayered layer structure according to the invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional illustration in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayered layer structure according to the invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional illustration in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayered layer structure according to the invention.
  • FIG. 15 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayer layer structure according to the invention
  • FIG. 16 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration in an exploded view of a further embodiment of a multilayer layer structure according to the invention
  • 17 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of an element according to the invention
  • FIG. 19 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of an element according to the invention
  • FIG. 20 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of an element according to the invention
  • 21 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of an element according to the invention.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic perspective view of a support plate according to the invention.
  • Fig. 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view of that shown in Fig. 24
  • FIG. 26 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the carrier plate shown in FIGS. 24 and 25
  • FIG. 27 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a multilayered layer structure
  • Fig. 28 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an inventive
  • 29 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of the element according to the invention, 30 shows a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a decorative film according to the invention,
  • FIG. 31 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of a decorative film according to the invention.
  • FIG. 32 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of a decorative film according to the invention
  • FIG. 33 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of a decorative film according to the invention
  • 35 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of a further embodiment of a layer structure according to the invention.
  • the decorative film 21 for an element 2 for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior construction element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element, Facade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element.
  • the decorative film has a decorative layer 7 and a film layer 3.
  • the film layer 3 and the decorative layer 7 are at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent, that the decorative film 21 is at least partially transparent and / or translucent.
  • the decorative film 21 shown in FIG. 33 has a partially formed decorative layer 7, the film layer 3 being at least partially transparent and / or translucent.
  • the decorative film 21 as a whole is at least partially transparent and / or translucent.
  • the film layer 3 can be designed as a, preferably transparent, plastic plate and / or film and / or as glass. In further embodiments, it can be seen that the film layer 3 has a transparent material and / or consists of it. It is not shown that the film layer 3 can have a partial surface.
  • the film layer 3 shown in FIG. 30 is elastic.
  • the film layer 3 shown in FIG. 30 has a layer thickness of 200 gm. In further embodiments, the film layer 3 can have a layer thickness between 1 gm and 2500 gm.
  • the film layer 3 designed as a plate in FIG. 31 has a layer thickness of 5 mm +/- 2 mm. In further embodiments, the film layer 3 can have a layer thickness between 0.1 mm and 20 mm.
  • the film layer 3 shown in FIG. 33 is printed at least in regions to form the decorative layer 7.
  • the film layer shown in FIG. 31 is printed over the entire surface.
  • the decorative layer 7 can ultimately be produced by printing and / or coating the film layer 3.
  • the film layer 3 can also have pigmentation and / or colored, preferably through-colored, and / or be coated on the top and / or bottom.
  • a color ink receiving layer 11 can be provided on the film layer 3, as shown in FIG. 12.
  • the color ink absorption layer 11 can be produced by adhesion-promoting pretreatment and serves as an adhesion-promoting layer.
  • the, preferably printed, decorative layer 7, at least in some areas, is based on the imitation of a material and / or a texture, in particular a natural material and / or a natural texture, preferably based on a wood, stone material and / or Concrete, tile, ceramic, Me tallmaterials and / or based on a graphic and / or a photographic and / or typographic elements and / or a natural and / or artificial patina texture having decor.
  • the film layer 3 shown in the illustrated exemplary embodiments can have a plastic as the material. This plastic can be based on synthetic and / or semi-synthetic polymers. In particular, elastomeric, thermoplastic and / or thermosetting plastics are used.
  • the Plastic can for example be selected from the group of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cast polyvinyl chloride, polyester (PES), polyester with a surface containing polyvinyl chloride, perfluorocarbons (PFC), polyurethane (PUR), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polypropylene (PP ), natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), cast propylene (CPP), oriented propylene (OPP), biaxial oriented propylene (BOPP), polyetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (PE), high density polyethylene (FIDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE) , Polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET / PETP), polystyrene (PS), biaxially oriented polyester film (BOPET), polyactide (PLA, PDLA, PLLA and / or PDLLA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN),
  • the film layer 3 is / are designed as a melamine layer and / or has melamine.
  • the melamine layer can be made at least partially transparent and / or translucent.
  • the film layer 3 can be a biopolymer-containing and / or a biopolymer, preferably a biodegradable material and / or a biogenic raw material, in particular a material made of organic substances, preferably a vegetable and / or living substance and / or raw material substance, in particular based on wood, cellulose, lignin, starch, sugar, vegetable oil, chitin, casein, gelatin, crab shells, animal and / or vegetable proteins, fungi, insects, bacteria, zein and / or algae, and / or consist of it.
  • the biopolymer-containing film layer 3 can be polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyvinylbuteralal (PVB), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyactide (PLA), bio-copolyester, terpolyester, bio-polyurethane (bio-PUR), bio-polyamide (bio-PA) Starch polymers, preferably thermoplastic starch (TPS), cellulose polymers, lignin, vegetable oil-based biopolymers such as rapeseed oil, castor oil, soybean oil and / or sunflower oil, chitin, chitosan, casein plastics (CS / CSF), gelatin, polyester, thermoplastic bio-polyester, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene furanoate (PEF), polysaccharides (multiple sugar), bio-based acids, such as succinic acid and / or lactic acid, polyhydroxybutyric acid (PFIB), polyamino
  • the film layer 3 can have a structured surface.
  • the structured surface can be treated by mechanical surface treatment, in particular polishing, sandblasting, satin finishing, glass bead blasting, grinding, milling, drilling, scoring, brushing, lasering, engraving, laser engraving and / or embossing, and / or by chemical surface treatment, especially etching , Patination and / or coloring, can be generated.
  • the structured surface of the film layer 3 is, at least in regions, at least substantially in synchronism with the decor of the decorative layer 7 in the manner of a synchronous pore.
  • the structuring is preferably adapted to the decor of the multilayered layer structure 1.
  • the structured surface can have a layer thickness of 0.01 mm to 10 mm.
  • the decorative layer 7 is partially broken, in particular uninterrupted, onto which at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent, film layer 3 is applied.
  • the at least partially transparent and / or translucent film layer 3 and the at least partially transparent and / or translucent decorative layer 7 are connected to one another such that the decorative film 21 is at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in particular translucent is.
  • the decorative layer 7 can be applied as a coating, in particular by means of a painting process and / or printing process, in particular in rotogravure printing, screen printing, anodizing printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, 3D printing, digital printing, transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing, sublimation printing and / or direct printing, and / or by means of an embossing foil, preferably by hot embossing foils and / or cold embossing foils.
  • the film layer 3, the carrier layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8 and / or the metal layer 4 can be pretreated with corona treatment, flame treatment, plasma treatment and / or fluorination before printing and / or coating ,
  • the multi-layered structure 1 shown in FIG. 2 is for one and / or as an element 2 for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior construction element, preferably molding, profile , Edge, door and / or window element, facade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element.
  • the layer structure 1 has an underlying layer 12.
  • the background layer 12 is a further layer to be arranged on the decorative film 21, such as a carrier layer 5.
  • a decorative film 21 is always integrated in the layer structure 21, even if this is not shown directly.
  • the decorative film 21 is formed by a layer formed as a film layer 3 and a decorative layer 7.
  • the multilayer layer structure 1 can have a metallic and / or metal-containing metal layer 4. It is not shown that the film layer 3 is at least partially transparent and / or translucent. The aforementioned formation of the film layer 3 makes it possible for the metal layer 4 to be optically recognizable and / or optically visible, at least in regions, on the top side, viewed from the user side 6, of the multilayer layer structure 1. The metal layer 4 consequently shines through the film layer 3 at least in regions.
  • Fig. 1 it is shown that the metal layer 4 is arranged on the upper side of the film layer 3, wherein the metal layer 4 does not have to be seen over the entire surface of the film layer 3, that is to say areas of the film layer 3 remain free.
  • 2 again shows that the metal layer 4 is arranged below the film layer 3.
  • the metal layer 4 is connected directly to the film layer 3.
  • the layers 3, 4 are firmly or permanently connected to each other.
  • 2 shows, on the other hand, that the metal layer 4 is firmly connected indirectly to the film layer 3.
  • the indirect bond means that at least one further layer is arranged between the film layer 3 and the metal layer 4.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the multilayered layer structure 1 has a carrier layer 5, at least in some areas — according to the exemplary embodiment shown over the entire surface.
  • the metal layer 4 is arranged directly on the carrier layer 5 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4. In further embodiments, the metal layer 4 can also be arranged indirectly on the carrier layer 5.
  • the metal layer 4 is fixed in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 and inseparable - that is, not separable without destruction - connected to the carrier layer 5.
  • the metal layer 4 is arranged on the upper side of the carrier layer 5, facing the user side 6.
  • the film layer 3 is also provided over the metal layer 4.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the film layer 3 is designed as a carrier layer 5 for the metal layer 4, the carrier layer 5 - and consequently therefore the film layer 3 - serves to arrange the metal layer 4.
  • FIG. 2 that the multi-layer structure 1 has at least one decorative layer 7.
  • the decorative layer 7 is net angeord above the metal layer 4 and below the film layer 3.
  • the multilayered layer structure 1 has a protective layer 8 at least in some areas.
  • the protective layer 8 above, facing the user side 6, the metal layer 4 is arranged.
  • the protective layer 8 can be arranged on the film layer 3, the carrier layer 5 and / or the decorative layer 7.
  • the protective layer 8 can also be formed in multiple layers, as is shown, for example, in FIG. 12.
  • the protective layer 8 is designed as a protective film.
  • the protective layer 8 is formed as a protective coating.
  • a coating, impregnation, lamination and / or film coating can be provided as a protective coating.
  • the protective layer 8, the film layer 3 and / or the carrier layer 5 is / are at least partially transparent and / or translucent.
  • the aforementioned formation of the protective layer 8 is in particular such that the metal layer 4 is optically recognizable and / or optically visible from the user side 6 at least in some areas.
  • the protective layer 8, the film layer 3 and / or the carrier layer 5 can also have pigmentation and / or colored, preferably through-colored, and / or be coated on the top and / or underside.
  • the film layer 3 is designed as a protective layer 8.
  • the film layer 3 accordingly protects the underlying layer structure from mechanical stress and consequently increases the abrasion and wear resistance.
  • FIG. 12 shows that a plurality of at least single-layer protective layers 8 are integrated in the multi-layer layer structure 1.
  • a protective layer 8, particularly in the center of the multi-layer structure 1, can be formed as a damping layer 9, as shown for example in FIG. 17.
  • the film layer 3 is printed at least in some areas, so that a decorative layer 7 having a decor is arranged on the film layer 3.
  • the film layer 3 is made transparent and / or translucent in the unprinted areas, so that the underlying metal layer 4 is optically recognizable from the loading side 6. It is not shown that the film layer 3 is translucent in the printed areas.
  • FIG. 2 An at least partial printing of the metal layer 4 is shown in FIG. 2, the film layer 3 being at least partially transparent and / or translucent.
  • the decorative layer 7 can be arranged on the metal layer 4, as shown for example in FIGS. 2, 4 and 6. Furthermore, the decorative layer 7 can also be applied to the film layer 3 (cf. FIG. 7). The decorative layer 7 can also be arranged above the carrier layer 5, as shown for example in FIG. 13. 14 shows that the decorative layer 7 has been applied to the at least one-layer protective layer 8.
  • the decorative layer 7 can be produced by printing and / or coating the film layer 3, the metal layer 4, the carrier layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8.
  • the decorative layer 7 can be formed either as a partial or as a full surface layer. 2 shows a partial area training of the decorative layer 7, so that it has been applied to the metal layer 4 only in some partial areas.
  • the decorative layer 7 is at least partially transparent and / or translucent, in such a way that the metal layer 4, viewed from the user side 6, is at least partially visible.
  • a visibility of the metal layer 4 is characterized in that it is optically recognizable and / or optically translucent.
  • the metallic upper surface of the multi-layered layer structure 1 can be produced in such a way.
  • the decorative layer 7 can be designed as printing and / or coating.
  • the decorative layer 7 in the form of a coating can in turn be in the form of a varnish, coating and / or film, in particular an adhesive film, preferably based on paper and / or plastic.
  • Fig. 8 shows that on the outside of the multi-layer structure 1, in the illustrated embodiment below, facing away from the user side 6, the metal layer 4, a connecting layer 10 is arranged.
  • the connecting layer 10 is designed as a resin-coated paper layer or adhesive layer.
  • a paper layer coated with melamine resin and / or an adhesive layer, which preferably has a polyacrylate adhesive, and / or a layer comprising paper, nonwoven and / or fabric can be provided as the connecting layer 10.
  • the connection layer 10 can have a compensation, protection, adhesive, adhesive, damping, connection and / or adapter function.
  • the metal layer 4 shown in FIG. 2 is designed as a metal foil.
  • the metal layer 4 can have or consist of a metal sheet and / or be designed as a metal foil or metal-containing coating, as shown for example in FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows that the metal layer 4 can be formed as a metallization, as a metallic and / or metal-containing printing, painting and / or coating, and specifically as a metallization of the carrier layer 5, which is formed for example in Fig. 3 as a film layer 3.
  • the metal layer 4 can be embodied as a metallization, as a metallic and / or metal-containing printing, painting and / or coating of the film layer 3 and / or the protective layer 8.
  • the metal layer 4 is at least partially transparent and / or translucent.
  • the metal layer 4 can be produced by metalization and / or printing.
  • FIG. 5 shows that the metal layer 4 is provided both on the upper side, facing the usage side 6, and on the underside of the carrier layer 5, which is designed as a film layer 3 in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5. Consequently, a plurality of metal layers 4 can be integrated in the layer structure 1.
  • the metal-containing coating of the metal layer 4 can be applied by means of thermal spraying, preferably wire flame spraying, powder flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying and / or flame speed flame spraying (FIVOF), and / or by means of powder coating, in particular electrostatic powder coating (EPS), and / or by vortex sintering and / / or have been applied by means of vacuum coating.
  • thermal spraying preferably wire flame spraying, powder flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying and / or flame speed flame spraying (FIVOF)
  • FIVOF flame speed flame spraying
  • powder coating in particular electrostatic powder coating (EPS), and / or by vortex sintering and / / or have been applied by means of vacuum coating.
  • EPS electrostatic powder coating
  • the metal layer 4 has a layer thickness of 60 nm. In further embodiments, the metal layer 4 can have a layer thickness of 5 nm to 25 pm. 1 further shows that the metal-containing coating - the metal layer 4 - and the carrier layer 5 have a total layer thickness of 10 ⁇ m. In further embodiments, the total layer thickness of the carrier layer 5, which is in particular formed as a film layer 3, and the metal layer 4 can be between 0.5 pm and 1000 pm.
  • the metal layer 4 can comprise and / or consist of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, chromium, iron, gold, copper, molybdenum, palladium, titanium, silver, tin, zinc and lead and their mixtures. Furthermore, can the metal layer 4 is an alloy of aluminum, chromium, iron, gold, copper, molybdenum, palladium, titanium, silver, tin, zinc and / or lead, in particular on steel alloy, stainless steel alloy, copper alloy, preferably brass and / or bronze, nickel-chrome Alloy, copper-aluminum alloy, constantan, monel and / or gold-tone alloy, and / or consist thereof.
  • the metal layer 4 can have and / or consist of a semimetal and / or a semimetal alloy. 1 shows that the metal layer 4 is formed over the entire surface.
  • the metal layer 4 can also have a partial surface, as shown, for example, in FIG. 28. It is not shown that the metal layer 4 is formed as a sheet.
  • the metal layer 4, in particular formed as a sheet metal plate, has a layer thickness of 0.1 mm to 20 mm.
  • FIG. 2 shows that the metal layer 4 is designed as an aluminum foil with a pure aluminum content of greater than 90%.
  • the metal foil shown in the illustrated embodiment has a layer thickness of 80 pm +/- 10 gm. In further embodiments, the metal foil can have a layer thickness of 0.1 pm to 1000 pm.
  • the metal layer 4 is formed as a cast and / or drawn metal, in particular as an aluminum extruded profile and / or as an extruded profile.
  • the metal layer 4 has been applied as a coating, in particular by means of a painting process and / or printing process.
  • Suitable printing methods are, for example, digital printing, flexographic printing, screen printing, rotogravure printing, anodizing printing, offset printing, 3D printing, direct printing, transfer printing, preferably thermal transfer printing, sublimation printing and / or gravure printing.
  • the metal layer 4 can be transferred as a coating by means of an embossing foil, preferably a hot stamping foil and / or a cold stamping foil.
  • the metal layer 4 applied as a coating has a layer thickness of 5 nm to 400 mih up.
  • the coating of the metal layer 4 shown in FIG. 4 has a layer thickness of 200 gm +/- 20 gm.
  • the metal layer 4 shown in FIG. 3 has metal pigments.
  • the metal pigments can have a brass alloy, copper, gold, silver and / or aluminum.
  • the metal layer 4 has metallic effect pigments, preferably in the form of a brass alloy, copper, gold, silver and / or aluminum, and / or interference pigments and / or pearlescent pigments.
  • the metal layer 4 and the carrier layer 5 are designed as a flologram film and / or have a flologram.
  • the entire multilayered layer structure 1 can also be designed as a flologram film, which can be applied to an element 2.
  • the carrier layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8 shown in the illustrated exemplary embodiments can have a plastic as the material.
  • This plastic can be based on synthetic and / or semi-synthetic polymers. In particular, elastomeric, thermoplastic and / or thermoset plastics are used.
  • the plastic can for example be selected from the group of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cast polyvinyl chloride, polyester (PES), polyester with a surface containing polyvinyl chloride, perfluorocarbon (PFC), polyurethane (PUR), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polypropylene len (PP), natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), cast propylene (CPP), oriented propylene (OPP), biaxial oriented propylene (BOPP), polyetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (PE), high density polyethylene (FIDPE), low density polyethylene ( LDPE), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET / PETP), polystyrene (PS), biaxially oriented polyester film (BOPET), polyactide (PLA, PDLA, PLLA and / or PDLLA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), poly
  • the carrier layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8 is / are formed as a me laminate layer and / or has melamine.
  • the melamine layer can be transparent and / or translucent at least in some areas.
  • the carrier layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8 can be a bio-polymer-containing and / or a biopolymer, preferably a biodegradable material and / or a biogenic raw material, in particular a material made of organic substances, preferably a vegetable and / or from living beings based substance and / or raw material, in particular based on wood, cellulose, lignin, starch, sugar, vegetable oil, chitin, casein, gelatin, crab shells, animal and / or vegetable proteins, fungi, insects, bacteria, zein and / or Algae, have and / or consist thereof.
  • the biopolymer-containing carrier layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8 can be polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyactide (PLA), bio-copolyester, terpolyester, bio-polyurethane (bio-PUR), bio- Polyamides (Bio-PA), starch polymers, preferably thermoplastic starch (TPS), cellulose sepolymers, lignin, vegetable oil-based biopolymers, such as rapeseed oil, castor oil, soybean oil and / or sunflower oil, chitin, chitosan, casein plastics (CS / CSF), gelatin, Polyester, thermoplastic biopolyester, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene furanoate (PEF), polysaccharides (high sugar), bio-based acids such as succinic acid and / or lactic acid, polyhydricoxybutyric acid
  • Fig. 1 1 shows a partial exploded view of various layers of the multilayer layer structure 1.
  • the protective layer 8 has a color ink-receiving layer 1 1 or a color-ink receiving layer 1 1 is arranged on the protective layer 8.
  • 10 shows that a color-ink-receiving layer 11 has been applied to the metal layer 4.
  • the carrier layer 5 and / or the base layer 12 can be used as the material cellulose, natural fiber, synthetic fiber, plastic, in particular an elastomeric plastic and / or rubber, metal, wood, foam, wood-based materials, wood-plastic composite materials, such as wood-plastic composite ( WPC), cork and / or linoleum and / or consist of it.
  • WPC wood-plastic composite
  • the carrier layer 5 can be a plastic film, multi-layer fiber composite material, preferably high pressure laminate (HPL), low pressure laminate (LPL), direct pressure laminate (DPL), continuous pressure laminate (CPL) and / or decorative laminate (DKS), paper, cardboard, fleece, textile, preferably a woven fabric, knitted fabric and / or felt, stone-based, porcelain stoneware-based, mineral, ceramic, cement-based and / or gypsum-based substrate and / or glass and / or be formed as a glass-based material.
  • HPL high pressure laminate
  • LPL low pressure laminate
  • DPL direct pressure laminate
  • CPL continuous pressure laminate
  • DKS decorative laminate
  • the protective layer 8 shown in the illustrated exemplary embodiments can have a thermoplastic and / or elastomeric plastic material.
  • the protective layer 8 can preferably have polyurethane (PUR), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and / or polyethylene (PE), in particular as a coating of the aforementioned materials.
  • PUR polyurethane
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PP polypropylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • the protective layer 8 is a water-miscible and / or a water-dilutable, preferably transparent, polyurethane (PUR) lacquer, an acrylate lacquer, an elastic lacquer, a polyester lacquer, an electron beam hardened lacquer (ESH- Lacquer), an alkyd resin lacquer, a dispersion lacquer, an acrylic polymer lacquer, a high solid lacquer, a phenol lacquer, a urea lacquer, a melamine resin lacquer, a polyester paint, a polystyrene lacquer, a polyvinyl resin lacquer, a polyurethane resin lacquer, a powder lacquer, a Has silicone resin paint, a varnish containing biopolymers, a synthetic polymer varnish and / or a cellulose nitrate varnish.
  • PUR polyurethane
  • the polyurethane lacquer of the protective layer 8 can have additives which are selected from the group of polyurethane dispersion, silica, water, glycol ether, heterocyclic ketones and additives and mixtures thereof.
  • the protective layer 8 and / or metal layer 4 can have a structured surface.
  • the structured surface can be treated by a mechanical surface treatment, in particular polishing, sandblasting, satinizing, glass bead blasting, grinding milling, drilling, scoring, brushing, lasering, engraving, laser engraving and / or embossing, and / or by a chemical surface treatment, especially etching , Patination and / or coloring, can be generated.
  • the structured surface of the metal layer 4, the protective layer 8 and / or the carrier layer 5 is, at least in regions, at least substantially in sync with the decor of the decorative layer 7 in the manner of a synchronous pore.
  • the structuring is preferred Decor of the multi-layer structure 1 adapted.
  • the structured surface can have a layer thickness of 0.01 mm to 10 mm.
  • the multilayer layer structure 1 can be used to change and / or improve the electrical, thermal, barrier and / or chemical properties and / or sun protection and / or fire protection (flame retardancy) and / or to shield electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic fields for the element 2 can be used.
  • a method for creating a multilayer layer structure 1 for an element 2 for use as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior construction element, preferably strips, profile, edges -, Door and / or window element, facade, wallpaper, car interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element with at least one film layer 3 is provided.
  • At least one metal and / or metal-containing metal layer 4 can be directly and / or indirectly firmly connected to the film layer 3.
  • the metal layer 4 can be applied to the carrier layer 5, in particular to the film layer 3, by means of a metallic and / or metal-containing coating.
  • the carrier layer 5, preferably the film layer 3 can be coated, printed and / or metallized with a metallic and / or metal-containing material to form the metal layer 4.
  • Inkjet, offset, gravure, flexographic, screen and / or 3D printing and / or microcontact and / or rotary coating are provided as printing processes.
  • the metal layer 4 is applied to the carrier layer 5 by galvanization.
  • the metal-containing coating of the metal layer 4 is applied by means of thermal spraying, such as wire flame spraying, powder flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying and / or flame speed flame spraying (FIVOF).
  • thermal spraying such as wire flame spraying, powder flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying and / or flame speed flame spraying (FIVOF).
  • the metal-containing coating of the metal layer 4 by means of vacuum coating preferably vacuum evaporation, Plasma coating, physical vapor deposition (PVD) and / or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can be applied.
  • the individual layers of the multilayer layer structure 1 can be connected to one another by lamination, co-extrusion and / or lamination.
  • lamination co-extrusion and / or lamination.
  • a roll lamination process and / or surface lamination process can be provided.
  • the protective layer 8 applied on the upper side of the multilayered layer structure 1 in FIG. 10 can be applied by means of painting, impregnation, lamination and / or film coating.
  • the protective layer 8 can be applied to the decorative layer 7, as shown in FIG. 10, to the metal layer 4, as shown in FIG. 3, and / or to the film layer 3, as shown in FIG. 12.
  • the protective layer 8 can be dried after the application. Drying can take place by means of heat and / or infrared radiation.
  • the protective layer 8 is crosslinked after application.
  • a curing component in particular a two-component aqueous coating, ultraviolet radiation and / or electron beam curing and / or heat, can be used for crosslinking.
  • the decorative layer 7 shown in the illustrated exemplary embodiments can be applied to the film layer 3, the protective layer 8 and / or the metal layer 4, specifically by printing or coating the film layer 3, the protective layer 8 and / or the metal layer 4 over the entire surface or over part of the surface ,
  • the protective layer 8, the film layer 3 and / or the metal layer 4 are subjected to a mechanical surface treatment.
  • the mechanical surface treatment can be polishing, sandblasting, satinizing, glass bead blasting, grinding, milling, drilling, scoring, brushing, lasering, engraving, laser engraving and / or embossing.
  • the metal layer 4 is subjected to a chemical surface treatment and / or patination and / or coloring. Etching can be provided as the chemical surface treatment.
  • the metal layer 4 is demetallized at least in some areas, and consequently has been removed in some areas.
  • the film layer 3 can be produced by extrusion, casting, calendering and / or blow molding.
  • the carrier layer 5 and / or the protective layer 8 and / or the metal layer 4 can be pretreated with corona treatment, flame treatment, plasma treatment and / or fluorination before printing and / or coating.
  • the film layer 3 and / or the at least one-layer protective layer 8 is extruded and / or laminated onto the metal layer 4 and / or the at least one-layer protective layer 8 on the film layer 3.
  • Varnish, glue and / or varnish wax can be used as the liner.
  • An element 2 is shown in a schematic partial exploded view in FIG.
  • the element 2 has a multi-layer structure 1 and / or a decorative film 21 and an at least single-layer substrate layer 12.
  • a decorative film 21 and an underlying layer 12 are shown, which together form an element 2 and / or a multi-layer structure 1.
  • Element 2 is used as a floor, wall, ceiling, furniture, decoration, interior construction element, preferably strip, profile, edge, door and / or window element, facade, wallpaper, car Interior, car exterior and / or outdoor covering element used.
  • the background layer 12 can have a carrier plate 13, as shown for example in FIG. 24.
  • the carrier plate 13 can be used as a gypsum fibreboard, plaster base, a coarse chipboard (OSB chipboard), a high density fiberboard (high density fiber board / FIDF board), a perfluorocarbon plate (PFC board), one with a medium density fibreboard (medium density fiberboard) ; MDF board), particle board and / or a wood-plastic composite board (WPC board), and / or as High Pressure Laminate (HPL), Continuous Press Laminate (CPL), Low Pres sure Laminate (LPL) , Direct Pressure Laminate (DPL), decorative layer press fabric plate (DKS), stone-based, porcelain stoneware-based, mineral, ceramic, cement-based and / or gypsum-based substrate layer 12.
  • OSB chipboard coarse chipboard
  • high density fiberboard high density fiber board / FIDF board
  • PFC board perfluorocarbon plate
  • MDF board medium density fibreboard
  • WPC board wood-plastic composite board
  • HPL High Pressure Laminate
  • CPL Continuous Press Laminate
  • the carrier plate 5 can be a, preferably elastic, plastic material, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), polyethylene (PE), polyester (PC), in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or polypropylene (PP), a natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), perfluorocarbons (PFC), acrylate, linoleum, rubber, an elastomer, cork, a polyolefin, a chlorine-free plastic, solid wood, flock materials, a compact laminate and / or metal, especially a metal sheet, have and / or consist of it.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PUR polyurethane
  • PE polyethylene
  • PET polyester
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PP polypropylene
  • NFK natural fiber reinforced plastic
  • PFC perfluorocarbons
  • acrylate linoleum
  • rubber an elastomer
  • cork cork
  • the sub-base layer 12 is firmly connected to the multi-layer structure 1, in the illustrated embodiment the multi-layer structure 1 is glued to the sub-layer 12.
  • the middle layer 14 can have a plastic-containing and / or mineral material.
  • Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), linoleum, an elastomer, cork, a polyolefin, a chlorine-free plastic, acrylate, a foam material, rubber, a mineral material and / or a mineral mixture can be provided as the material.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PUR polyurethane
  • linoleum an elastomer
  • cork cork
  • a polyolefin a chlorine-free plastic
  • acrylate acrylate
  • foam material rubber
  • mineral material and / or a mineral mixture acrylate
  • FIDF high-density fiberboard
  • MDF panel medium-density fiberboard
  • FIPL panel high pressure laminate panel
  • CPL panel continuous pressure laminate panel
  • DKS compact laminate
  • PE Polyethylene
  • LPL Low Pressure Laminate
  • DPL Direct Pressure Laminate
  • WPC Wood-Plastic-Composite
  • the sub-base layer 12 has a reinforcement layer 15.
  • the reinforcement layer 15 is applied on the underside of the middle layer 14, facing away from the user side 6.
  • the reinforcement layer 15 can have jute and / or glass fiber reinforcement.
  • the base layer 12 has a back layer 16 on the underside, facing away from the user side 6.
  • the back layer 16 is arranged in the illustrated embodiment below the reinforcement layer 15.
  • the back layer 16 can have a plastic material, in particular polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PUR), linoleum, an elastomer, cork, a polyolefin and / or a chlorine-free plastic.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PUR polyurethane
  • linoleum an elastomer
  • cork cork
  • a polyolefin and / or a chlorine-free plastic a chlorine-free plastic.
  • the back layer 16 has a metallic material, in particular a metal foil, cork and / or glass.
  • the top side of the base layer 12 facing the user side 6 can be optically visible at least in some areas, in particular the top side of the base layer 12 and / or the carrier layer 5 shining through the decorative film 21 at least in some areas.
  • Fig. 24 shows that the carrier plate 13 on the edge sides 17 locking contours Ren 18. It is not shown that locking contours 18 are provided on the edge sides 17 of the element 2.
  • the locking contours 18 shown in FIG. 24 on the edge sides 17 correspond to one another, in such a way that the locking contours 18 of mutually opposite edge sides 17 are complementary to one another.
  • the locking contours 18 shown in FIGS. 24 to 26 are designed as tongue and groove connections. 25 and 26 show a cross-sectional view of the carrier plate 13 with the locking contours 18.
  • the locking contours 18 are designed such that when a plurality of carrier plates 13 are connected to one another, a full-surface and coherent covering can be achieved.
  • a method for the production of the element 2 and / or the multilayered layer structure is provided, in which the multilayered layer structure 1 and / or the decorative film 21 is connected to the underlying layer 12.
  • a compression, lamination, adhesive bonding and / or lamination in particular by means of a roll lamination process and / or a surface lamination process, can be provided for the connection.
  • the layer structure 1 shows the layer structure 1 according to the invention, it being shown schematically that the film layer 3 can be produced together with the metal layer 4, the decorative film 7 and the connecting layer 10 as a prefabricated composite layer or composite film. Then a lamination on a carrier layer 5 can be carried out.
  • the preferred thickness of the composite layer is between 1 pm to 2500 pm.
  • the composite layer can be applied to any suitable carrier Layer 5 and / or any substrate, in particular substrate layer 12, are brought up.
  • the layers of the pre-composite layer are joined, in particular by lamination with a roll laminating machine (thermal lamination or wet-dry lamination), laminating, thermal bonding and / or gluing and / or hot gluing or direct thermal joining. It is also possible to use a double-sided adhesive film as a connection layer.
  • plastic films can be used in the layer structure 1, which are applied in the form of a molten plastic and in particular a molten polymer to form a protective layer 8, for example by calendering or casting.
  • the connection to the carrier layer 5 can be made using different methods - for example, surface lamination on a surface lamination system.
  • the connecting layer 10 serves as an adhesion promoter layer or self-adhesive layer for connection to the carrier layer 5.
  • the connecting layer 10 can also take on other functions - for example as a compensation layer for unevenness in the carrier layer 5. Especially when using a wooden plate as carrier layer 5, the roughness, irregularity or Unevenness in the carrier layer 5 is "telegraphed" through the composite film or the upper layer structure 1.
  • the connection layer 10 can also take on a protective function for the metal layer 4 in order to protect it from moisture and mechanical stress in the processing process, in particular against damage to the metal layer 4 by scratches.
  • the connecting layer 10 can also perform a damping function, for example to improve the acoustic properties of the surface, in particular the impact sound in floor coverings.
  • the connecting layer 10 can also be formed as an adapter layer to a specific carrier layer 5, for example as melamine-resin paper for pressing onto wood materials in a short-cycle press and / or as paper and / or non-woven layer, in particular before gluing with paste on a plaster surface.
  • a specific carrier layer 5 for example as melamine-resin paper for pressing onto wood materials in a short-cycle press and / or as paper and / or non-woven layer, in particular before gluing with paste on a plaster surface.
  • the use of metal adhesives as a connecting layer 10 for connection to the T carrier layer 5 is technically advantageous.
  • the embodiment of the multilayer layer structure 1 shown in FIG. 8 is in particular for the application area of wallpapers, decorative papers, decorative films and Edge material in the form of a prefabricated composite film or for lamination on any carrier layer 5 is provided.
  • FIG. 8 Another area of application is the production of printed decorative papers or foils, finish foils (finished surfaces) and melamine foils for the wood-based panel and furniture industries with the application of coverings (wall, floor, ceiling), furniture, interior fittings and caravans ,
  • the film layer 3 shown in FIG. 8 is at least partially transparent, so that the underlying metal layer 4 is optically visible from the outside at least partially from the user side 6 by a user without optical aids, that is to say with the naked eye.
  • the decorative layer 7 is interrupted or partially formed.
  • the decorative layer 7 can be both opaque and translucent.
  • Fig. 9 shows the layer structure 1 obtained after bringing on the carrier layer 5.
  • Fig. 10 shows schematically the structure of the element 2 in the manner of a partial exploded view.
  • the layer structure 1 has an interrupted decorative layer 7 which has been printed on the metal layer 4.
  • a color ink-receiving layer 11 in the form of a pressure recording layer is provided on the top side of the metal layer 4, facing the user side 6.
  • the film layer 3 is metallized.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 is intended for the application area of wallpapers, decorative papers, decorative foils and edging material in the form of a prefabricated composite film for lamination on any support layer 5 or base layer 12.
  • a translucent colored lacquer layer can be provided as a protective layer 8 on the metal layer 4 in order to change the color of the metal.
  • the metal layer 4 can also be provided on the underside of the film layer 3.
  • the multilayered layer structure 1 can be applied to an underlying layer 12.
  • FIG. 11 shows the arrangement of a partially interrupted and, if appropriate, translucent decorative layer 7 as a printed layer on the upper side of a protective layer 8 facing the user side 6.
  • a partially exploded in the manner of an exploded view The embodiment shown in Fig. 1 1 is in particular for the application area of wallpapers, decorative papers, decorative films and channels.
  • tenmaterial in the form of a prefabricated composite film for lamination on any BE support layer 5 or substrate layer 12 is provided.
  • a glazing, pigmenting lacquer layer can be applied as a protective layer 8 on the metal layer 4 in order to change the color of the metal.
  • the metallized film layer 3 can be used in such a way that the metallized side of the film is located on both the top and the bottom - which is not shown in FIG. 11.
  • the protective layer 8, the carrier layer 5 and / or the background layer 12 have a color ink absorption layer 11 which has been produced by a pretreatment.
  • the color ink absorption layer 11 enables printing on the protective layer 8.
  • the color ink absorption layer 11 also serves as an adhesion-promoting layer.
  • the protective layer 8 is colored and / or pigmented and formed as a plastic film, in particular as a transparent printing film made of polypropylene, PVC and / or PET.
  • the layer structure 1 can be applied to the underlying layer 12 by lamination to form the element 2.
  • FIG. 12 shows the arrangement of the partially interrupted decorative layer 7 on the film layer 3.
  • the printed image is formed in a mirror-inverted manner.
  • individual, associated layers are shown pulled apart.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 12 is suitable for the application area of wallpapers, decorative papers, decorative films and edging material in the form of a prefabricated composite film for lamination on a substrate layer 12 and / or a carrier layer 5.
  • a metal layer 4 is on the metal layer 4 , preferably translucently colored, lacquer layer can be applied as a protective layer 8 in order to change the color of the metal.
  • the metal layer 4 can also be applied on the top side of the film layer 3, facing the user side 6.
  • the top layer of the top protective layer 8 is designed as a transparent surface finish, which has a further layer on the underside.
  • the film layer 3 can be formed as a transparent plastic layer, for example as a transparent printing film, in particular comprising polypropylene, PVC and / or PET.
  • the color ink absorption layer 1 1 serves as an adhesion-promoting layer.
  • the decorative layer 7 is printed on the underside of the film layer 3.
  • Another film layer 3, which is designed as a transparent or transparently colored or pigmented plastic film, serves as a carrier layer 5 for the metal layer 4.
  • the film layer 3, on which the metal Layer 4 has been applied can have a plastic, such as polypropylene, PET, PETP, PVC, PEN, PEEK, PE and / or PI.
  • Aluminum is provided as the material of the metal layer 4 in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 12, which has been applied to the underside of the film layer 3.
  • a further protective layer 8 is provided on the underside of the metal layer and is designed as a lacquer or plastic film layer.
  • the layer structure 1 can be laminated to the base layer 12.
  • Fig. 13 shows a multi-layer structure 1, which is intended for use as a flexible furniture and / or covering film, that is to say for use for a furniture and / or covering element for the floor, wall or ceiling.
  • the metal layer 4 is applied on the underside, facing away from the usage side 6, on the carrier layer 5.
  • a transparent PP film and / or PET film, which may be colored and / or pigmented, can be used as the carrier layer 5. Different metal tones can be achieved in this way.
  • a transparent and / or translucent carrier layer 5 offers the advantage that the film side - if the carrier layer 5 is formed as a film - serves as a wear layer, protective layer 8 and / or printing layer and protects the metallization from abrasion and moisture, since the Metal layer 4 is on the back of the carrier layer 5 formed as a film.
  • the interrupted decorative layer 7 can be printed directly onto the film surface of the carrier layer 5, a print being provided in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 13 on a color ink receiving layer 11 formed as an adhesion-promoting layer.
  • a protective layer 8 is provided on the underside, facing away from the user side 6.
  • the protective layer 8 can be formed in the form of a lacquer, film coating and / or Ka sch michelles. Furthermore, the protective layer 8 compensates for any unevenness in the substrate layer 12, in particular the surface of an HDF or MDF board.
  • the protective layer 8 can also be designed as a damping layer 9.
  • the finest unevenness in the micrograph on the surface of the underlayer 12 can be telegraphed onto the composite film, that is to say through the multilayer layer structure 1, so that the unevenness is also visually recognizable on the use side 6 of the layer structure 1. This can lead to undesired visual impairments, such as the orange skin effect.
  • a damping layer 9 trained protective layer 8 may be provided.
  • a thermoplastic wear layer can be provided as the top-side film layer 3 - which in this case forms the wear layer - as a transparent single or multi-layer top layer.
  • advantageous materials for the film layer 3 would be TPU, PET and / or PP and / or a molten polymer layer, in particular comprising PP and / or PE and / or polyolefins.
  • a molten polymer layer offers the advantage that, if the plastic has not yet hardened, a surface structure can be embossed into the surface by means of an embossing calender, for example a pore pore or brush structure.
  • the layer thickness of the multilayer layer structure 1 is between 350 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the layer thickness of the film layer 3 is between 200 to 500 ⁇ m.
  • PET PET, PP, PE polyolefins, TPU and / or PET
  • PET PET polyolefins
  • TPU thermoplastic polyolefins
  • PET polyolefins
  • the metal layer 4 can also be arranged on the carrier layer 5 on the upper side, facing the user side 6.
  • the carrier layer 5 can be used in a targeted manner to achieve design effects and / or be provided on the underside and / or on the top with a surface structure, in particular a brush structure and / or embossed structure, preferably in the manner of a pore and / or stone structure.
  • FIG. 14 shows a further variant of a multilayer layer structure 1 for use as a flexible panel, furniture and / or floor film - that is to say a multilayer layer structure 1 for use for a furniture and / or covering element.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 14 basically shows the four options given below for influencing the color of the metal optics on the basis of a metallization with aluminum to form the metal layer 4.
  • gold, silver, stainless steel, titanium or copper are to be imitated optically.
  • the options can be combined with one another or used individually.
  • the film layer 3 it is possible to design the film layer 3 as a translucently colored and / or pigmented plastic film and as a carrier layer 5 for the aluminum metallization.
  • the film layer 3 can also have a structure to achieve special effects, preferably a brush structure or a pore pore, which is arranged in particular on the top or bottom of the film layer 3.
  • the upper protective layer 8 can also be colored translucently and / or, preferably translucently, pigmented and / or, preferably translucently, lacquered.
  • the protective layer 8 bordered between the film layer 3 and the color ink receiving layer 11 can be colored translucently and in particular can be designed as a, preferably translucent, colored lacquer.
  • the protective layer 8 arranged between the decorative layer 7 and the color ink receiving layer 11 can influence the optical appearance of the multilayered layer structure 1, for example in which the protective layer 8 is in the form of colored, glazed printing as background printing.
  • the upper protective layer 8 on the user side 6 can be designed as a single-layer TPU, PP or PET film or as a molten polymer layer, in particular comprising PP and / or PE and / or polyolefins.
  • the protective layer 8 on the top side can have a surface structuring, for example in the manner of a flolz pore.
  • the printed decorative layer 7 is formed as a partial surface layer and can be produced in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 14 by gravure printing or digital printing with water-based printing inks.
  • the film layer 3 can be designed as a carrier layer 5 for the metal layer 4, the protective layer 8 being a colored coating in the manner of a lacquer coating on the film layer 3.
  • the film layer 3 can have PP, PET, PETP, PVC, PEN, PEEK, PE and / or PI as the material.
  • FIG. 15 A further possible embodiment of the layer structure 1 for use as a flexible panel, furniture and / or floor film - that is to say a multilayer layer structure for use for a furniture and / or covering element - is shown in FIG. 15.
  • the multilayer layer structure 1 shown in FIG. 15 is particularly economical in its production, since it at least essentially consists of two components.
  • the metallization is applied on the top side to a carrier layer 5 designed as a film layer 3, so that a coating on the underside of the metal layer 4 can be omitted.
  • a protective layer 8 is a transparent layer or ne translucently colored plastic film, in particular as a transparent printing film made of PP, PVC, PET and / or TPU, is provided.
  • the protective layer 8 may underside a color ink receiving layer 1 1 as an adhesion-promoting layer.
  • the decorative layer 7 is applied at least partially or over part of the surface to the color ink-receiving layer 11.
  • the metal layer 4 is formed by metallizing the film layer 3 with aluminum.
  • a transparent or colored plastic film in particular comprising PP, PET, PETP, PVC, PEN, PEEK, PE and / or PI, can be provided as the film layer 3.
  • the upper protective layer 8 is formed as a film layer 3
  • a paper can also be provided as the carrier layer 5 for the metal layer 4.
  • the upper multi-layer structure 1 can also be applied to an underlying layer 12, in particular the furniture and / or foot covering element.
  • the individual layers of the multi-layer structure 1 are shown partially separated from one another in the manner of a partial exploded view in order to better illustrate the structure of the multi-layer structure 1.
  • the structure of a multi-layer structure 1 is provided for use in a wallpaper, decor and / or furniture element.
  • the layer structure 1 shown in FIG. 16 is used for wallpapers, wallpaper borders and wall stickers, in particular wall tattoos, and also furniture surfaces and decorative foils.
  • a connecting layer 10 is provided on the underside of the layer structure 1.
  • the connecting layer 10 is provided as a paper or nonwoven layer that can be applied or laminated onto the back of the metal layer 4.
  • the connecting layer 10 can be provided as a receiving layer for the wallpaper paste and / or adhesive.
  • the fleece layer can have a material mixture of long-fiber cellulose and / or textile fibers and / or binders, preferably based on natural materials.
  • the paper surface can be pasted and, after a soaking phase of 3 to 5 minutes, glued to a surface, in particular the wall and / or ceiling.
  • a nonwoven layer has the advantage over a paper layer that the wallpaper web can be glued directly to the wall and / or ceiling surface to which the paste and / or adhesive have been applied. After the end of the useful life, the non-woven wallpaper can be easily removed without leaving any non-woven adhesive residue on the wall and / or the ceiling or the surface.
  • the fleece layer can accordingly accelerate the processing process significantly. In the case of Fig.
  • the metal layer 4 is provided by metallization in the PVD process and / or by the use of a thin real metal foil, preferably made of aluminum, or by a metallic paint.
  • a thin real metal foil preferably made of aluminum, or by a metallic paint.
  • Ceiling surface is created, which improves the indoor climate.
  • the layer structure 1 in principle, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 16 it is possible for the layer structure 1 to be designed as an open-pore, diffusion-open layer structure, in particular in the form of open-pore materials, lacquering and / or through microperforations of the layer structure 1.
  • the backing layer 5 can also be used with nonwovens or fabrics, in particular in order to achieve design effects in this regard.
  • the metal layer 4 is applied on the underside of the carrier layer 5.
  • the metal layer 4 can also have been brought up on the upper side of the carrier layer 5, facing the user side 6.
  • FIG. 17 An element 2 with a multilayer structure 1 on the top side and a background layer 12 is shown in FIG. 17, for example.
  • the multilayer layer structure 1 can be applied to various substrates or substrate layers 12 for forming the element 2.
  • the following options are available: - Elastic floor coverings and floor coverings based on thermoplastic polymers, elastomers, polyurethanes and linoleum.
  • This includes multi-layer coverings with a wear layer and one or more layers of the decorative and stabilizing inserts.
  • multiple thin foils - raw skins - are thermally welded together in a duplicating system for multi-layer floor coverings.
  • This applies in particular to homogeneous and also heterogeneous floor coverings.
  • This also includes cushioned vinyl - CV coverings, ie foamed PVC floor coverings, with foam layers arranged under the decor print.
  • Rubber and / or elastomer flooring Rubber and / or elastomer flooring:
  • the plastics used are for example:
  • NR Natural rubber
  • SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
  • NBR nitrile rubber
  • Polyurethane floor coverings are manufactured using a polyaddition reaction with the addition of petrochemical or biologically derived polyols and isocyanates. Chalk is usually used as a filler.
  • Polyurethane floor coverings can be provided as sheets or planks and tiles.
  • the term polyurethane flooring is used to summarize polyurethane flooring with duroplastic properties. A distinction must be made between homogeneous and heterogeneous floor coverings.
  • a homogeneous floor covering made of polyurethane has one or more layers of the same composition made of polyurethane.
  • Heterogeneous floor coverings made of polyurethane have a wear layer and other compact layers made of polyurethane, which differ in their composition and / or design, and may contain a decor and stabilizing inserts.
  • floor coverings have been and will be described above and below, this also applies to other coverings, in particular wall and floor coverings.
  • the layer structures 1, which can be seen in FIGS. 10 to 16, can be used as the upper layer structure 1 on a background layer 12 to form an element 2.
  • an elastic covering see FIG. 17, a semi-rigid floor panel, as evident in FIG. 18, an aluminum sandwich panel, as shown in FIG. 19, and / or a metal support panel, in particular according to FIG. 20, is provided his.
  • the layered structures 1 can also be combined with one another.
  • the layer 17 shows a layer structure of the element 2 with a multilayer upper layer structure 1.
  • the element 2 is used as an elastic covering, preferably an elastic floor covering.
  • the total thickness or layer thickness of the entire elastic covering or element 2 is between 1 to 10 mm.
  • the layer structure 1 has two reinforcement layers 15. In other embodiments, these can also be optional.
  • a protective layer 8 is provided on the upper side, which can have a surface finish and a transparent single or multi-layer upper layer as a wear layer, in particular based on PVC, PUR, polyolefins and / or chlorine-free plastics.
  • a printed film layer 3 is provided below the protective layer 8, which consequently has the partial-surface decorative layer 7 on the underside.
  • the film layer 3 can have PVC, PUR, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics and / or acrylates.
  • the decorative layer 7 can be designed as a transparent printed decorative film.
  • the metal layer 4 is arranged below the decorative layer 8. Below the metal layer 4, in turn, a damping layer 9 on the underside is provided, which can have PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins and / or chlorine-free plastics.
  • a middle layer 14 is sandwiched between two reinforcement layers 15.
  • the background layer 12 of the element 2 is formed by the reinforcement layers 15, the middle layer 14 and the back layer 16.
  • the reinforcement layer 15 can have a glass fiber reinforcement and / or jute.
  • a layer is provided as the middle layer 14, which may have PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins and / or chlorine-free plastics.
  • the middle layer 14 is in the embodiment shown in FIG. 17 again a reinforcement layer 15 is provided.
  • a back layer 16 is arranged on the underside of the element 2.
  • the back layer 16 can have PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins and / or chlorine-free plastics.
  • the 18 shows an element 2 for use as floor panels as a semi-rigid, decorative floor covering in the form of a plank or tile with a multi-layer structure 1.
  • the multi-layer structure 1 has an abrasion-resistant top layer in the form of a protective layer 8, which is also used as a decorative layer Cover layer is formed.
  • the element 2 has a carrier material in the form of a middle layer 14 and a counter-pull formed as a back layer 16. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG.
  • a combination of the middle layer 14 and the back layer 16 comes in the form of middle layers 14 on a flolz basis in question, in particular FIDF boards, with a polymer coating (without coating systems) and / or a cork coating and / or a combination of a polymer and / or polymer composite base with polymer coating and / or polymer coating system, in particular as EPC (Expanded Polymer Core) and / or SPC (Solid Polymer Core), in particular by means of hard work pressing, calendering and / or lamination.
  • the total thickness of element 2 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 18 is between 4 and 20 mm.
  • the structure shown in Fig. 18 is suitable for wall, ceiling coverings, strips, in particular skirting boards, ceiling strips, and profiles, interior elements, furniture, doors and / or decorative panels and / or edge material.
  • a fluff material is used as the middle layer 14.
  • the upper protective layer 8 has a surface finish and a transparent single or multi-layer layer as a wear layer, in particular made of PVC, PUR, TPU, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, acrylate, PP, PET and / or a melamine layer, in particular an overlay.
  • a wear layer in particular made of PVC, PUR, TPU, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, acrylate, PP, PET and / or a melamine layer, in particular an overlay.
  • the film layer 3 is provided on the underside of the surface finish.
  • the decorative layer 7, which is partially formed, is printed on the film layer 3.
  • the metal layer 4, which is formed, for example, as a metal foil, is arranged below the decorative layer 7.
  • the damping layer 9 is provided on the underside of the metal layer 4 and has in particular PVC, PUR, linoleum, WPC, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins, acrylate, chlorine-free plastics, FIPL and / or a compact laminate, in particular an ecological compact laminate.
  • Wood materials, MDF, HDF and / or base layer 5 and / or solid wood from materials for the base layer 5 possible.
  • An ecological compact laminate can be understood to be a biocomposite material which consists of recycled kraft paper and bio resin or has these components.
  • the bio resin is, for example, a sugar cane resin. It is obtained from the vegetable waste from sugar production, the bagasse. After curing, the bioresin possesses thermoset properties and forms a hard, dimensionally stable composite material with the natural fiber.
  • a mineral material is preferably understood to mean a fiber cement, fiber concrete, polymer cement, polymer concrete, glass fiber cement and / or glass fiber concrete, and optionally also gypsum-containing material, in particular gypsum plasterboard.
  • a back layer 16 is provided on the underside of the middle layer 14 to form the background layer 12.
  • the back layer 16 has PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, foams, paper, a melamine layer, HPL and / or a layer made of metallic material.
  • Fig. 19 shows a further embodiment, in which the layer structure 1 for panels, preferably as a floor covering, an interior fitting element, a wall, ceiling covering and furniture panel, moldings, in particular skirting boards, ceilings and / or profiles, interior fittings, decorative panels, edging material so such as doors, facade displays and shields can be used.
  • a plate made of aluminum as the back layer 16 with a carrier layer as the middle layer 14 made of polyethylene or a mineral mate rial and a multi-layer structure 1 with a metal layer 4, in the illustrated embodiment, aluminum is provided.
  • the total layer thickness of element 2 is between 2 and 15 mm.
  • the protective layer 8 on the top is designed as a surface finish.
  • the film layer 3 is arranged under the surface finish, which in the present case functions as a wear layer and has and / or consists of PVC, PUR, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, PP, PET and / or TPU.
  • the decorative layer 7 is partially printed on the film layer 3.
  • the decorative layer 7 can be printed on the metal layer 4 at least in part.
  • a metal foil is provided as the metal layer 4, which has a thickness or a layer thickness of 0.2 to 0.6 mm.
  • Metal foil may be provided.
  • the back layer 16 has a metal foil or a metallic material with a layer thickness between 0.2 to 0.6 mm. In further embodiments, aluminum is provided as the material.
  • the middle layer 14 has - as mentioned before - polyethylene or a mineral material.
  • the middle layer 14 comprises PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, FIDF, acrylate, HPL, CPL, compact laminate and / or a mineral mixture.
  • the layer structure 1 shown in FIG. 20 has a decorative surface, from which the metallic material of the metal layer 4 is optically visible and / or optically recognizable.
  • a decorative layer 7 is provided over the metal layer 4, which is formed over part of the surface and is optionally transparent and / or translucent in some areas.
  • a film layer 3 is provided over the decorative layer 7, which is also at least partially transparent and / or translucent.
  • the metal layer 4 does not require a carrier layer 5 and also serves as a carrier of the entire layer structure 1.
  • the metal layer 4 shown in FIG. 20 has a layer thickness of 1 to 5 mm and also aluminum as the metallic material.
  • a damping layer 9 is provided on the underside, facing away from the usage side 6, of the metal layer 4. The damping layer 9 is elastic.
  • the layer structure 1 shown in FIG. 20 can be used as flooring, wall and / or ceiling clothing, moldings, in particular skirting boards, cover moldings and profiles, interior fittings, furniture, facade decorative panels and / or edging material.
  • the damping layer 9 can have PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, foam, paper, cardboard, a FIPL and / or CPL layer.
  • a carrier layer 5 made of FIPL or CPL or compact laminate or ecological compact laminate is provided.
  • the layer structure 1 shown in FIG. 21 has a layer thickness between 0.1 and 10 mm.
  • the overall thickness is between 0.3 and 5 mm.
  • the layer structure 1 shown in FIG. 21 is used for floor coverings, wall and ceiling cladding, moldings, in particular skirting boards, ceiling moldings and profiles, interior construction elements, furniture, doors, facades, decorative panels and / or edge material.
  • the surface of the metal layer 4 is optically recognizable and / or translucent at least in some areas by the user side 6.
  • a film layer 3 is provided on the top, which is transparent and / or translucent at least in some areas.
  • a decorative layer 7 is provided below the film layer 3 and has been printed on either the film layer 3 or the metal layer 4.
  • the metal layer 4 is arranged on a carrier layer 5.
  • a damping layer 9 is provided below the carrier layer 5, which comprises PVC, PUR, linoleum, rubber, elastomer, cork, polyolefins, chlorine-free plastics, foam and / or paper and / or consists thereof.
  • a plurality of protective layers 8, decorative layers 7, film layers 3, metal layers 4, damping layers 9, color ink absorption layers 11 and / or connecting layers 10 can also be provided in the layer structure 1.
  • 21 shows that two decorative layers 7, three protective layers 8 and a film layer 3 are integrated in the structure of the layer structure 1.
  • FIG. 22 shows a composite film or a layer structure 1 with a decorative layer 7 printed on both sides for adhesive lamination for transparent carrier layers 5 made of glass or plastic.
  • the decorative layer 7 there are associated color ink absorption layers 11 which have been applied either to the protective layer 8 and / or the film layer 3 and / or the connecting layer 10.
  • the protective layer 8 arranged between the first decorative layer 7, starting from the user side 6, and the film layer 3 can be colored as translucent or translucent. Parent coating, in particular as a paint.
  • the film layer 3 is formed in the illustrated embodiment as a transparent or colored plastic film and serves as a carrier layer 5 for the metallized surface or the metal layer 4, the film layer 3 PP, PET, PETP, PVC, PEN, PEEK, PE and / or PI as a material.
  • a further protective layer 8 is provided, which is also formed as a translucently colored coating, in particular as a varnish.
  • the bonding layer 10 is formed as a transparent adhesive coating.
  • the layer structure 1 can also be laminated onto a carrier plate 13 of the background layer 12 to form the element 2.
  • the carrier plate 13 can be formed as a transparent material, in particular as glass and / or plastic.
  • thermoplastic 3D composite film can also be produced as a layer structure 1, which is particularly suitable for use on membrane presses and membrane-less thermoforming presses or also on surface laminating, roll laminating and / or sheathing systems.
  • FIG. 23 The use of a carrier plate 13 with locking contours 18 for an element 2 is shown in FIG. 23. It is not shown that the carrier plate 13 has locking contours 18 on the edge, which are shown in FIGS. 24 to 26.
  • the locking contours 18 are provided for locking with at least one plate or element 2 of the same type, they being provided on the edge sides 17 of element 2, as shown in FIG. 24.
  • the multilayered layer structure 1 shown in FIG. 23 is applied on the top side to the carrier plate 13 and has a metal layer 4 which is applied to a carrier layer 5 and is protected on the top side by a film layer 3.
  • a back layer 16 is seen before.
  • the carrier plate 13 can be formed in one or more layers.
  • FIGS. 24 to 26 show the locking contours 18.
  • 25 and 26 show the formation of a locking contour 18 on the long sides and the front sides.
  • the locking contours 18 are complementary to one another on opposite edge sides 17, so that a secure connection or locking of one another - Associated elements 2 or support plates 13 can be guaranteed.
  • the locking contours 18 are tongue and groove in the manner of a snap-button type locking geometry, which is also referred to as a click connection.
  • a snap-button type locking geometry which is also referred to as a click connection.
  • circumferential locking contours 18 or provided on all edge sides 17 of the element 2 and the carrier plate 13 two adjacent elements 2 can be locked both in the vertical and in the horizontal direction by latching.
  • FIG. 25 shows the long sides of the carrier plate 13, with FIG. 26 representing the front or short side.
  • the locking connection can be achieved by the spring side of the support plate 13 is inserted obliquely into the groove geometry of an already installed plate and pivoted down.
  • the latching connection of the end face shown in FIG. 26 is achieved by a vertical locking from above. In principle, it is also conceivable to make the carrier plate 13 square.
  • the element 2 shown in Fig. 23 can be used as a floor, wall and / or ceiling plate or panels and / or furniture plate. It is not shown that the base layer 12 can have at least one reinforcement layer 15 in addition to the carrier plate 13.
  • the illustrated Trä gerplatte 13 is formed from an elastic material. It is not shown that a metallic material can be provided for the carrier plate 13.
  • the locking contours 18 shown in FIGS. 25 and 26 have a layer thickness of approximately 2 mm +/- 10%.
  • the carrier plate 13 shown in FIG. 24 has a layer thickness between 2 and 15 mm.
  • 27 shows an embodiment of the layer structure 1 in which the metal layer 4 is designed in the manner of a carrier plate 13. It is not shown that the metal layer 4 has locking contours 18 on the edge sides 17 of the layer structure 1. The locking contours 18 are for locking with at least one provided a similar layer structure 1.
  • the layer structure 1 shown in FIG. 27 can be used directly as element 2 and can be used as floor, wall, ceiling panel and / or panels and / or furniture panel.
  • An at least partially transparent and / or translucent film layer 3 is provided on top of the metal layer 4.
  • a back layer 16 is arranged on the underside of the metal layer 4, facing away from the user side 6, a back layer 16 is arranged.
  • FIG. 28 shows that the metal layer 4 is designed as a partial surface layer and functions as a conductor track.
  • a filling layer 20 can be arranged between the conductor tracks of the metal layer 4.
  • an insulation layer 19 is arranged, which is designed in particular in such a way that the bumps, which are caused, for example, by the partial metal layer 4, do not become apparent on the user side 6.
  • the filling layer 20 arranged between the metal layer 4 can be produced as a coating with an insulating material, in particular plastic, and / or printing and / or painting.
  • the layer structure 1 can be used to form the element 2 on an underlying layer 12, for example a carrier plate 13.
  • the insulation layer 19 can be designed as a PP or PET film.
  • FIG. 29 shows that a plurality of metal layers 4 can also be integrated in the layer structure 1.
  • the metal layers 4 are formed over the entire surface and are electrically insulated from one another by the carrier layer. It is conceivable to design the top-side metal layer 4 facing the user side 6 in a negative-conducting manner and the further metal layer 4 in a positive-conducting manner or vice versa. It is conceivable to coat the carrier layer 5 with the metal layers 4 on both sides.
  • an insulating layer 19 is arranged on the metal layers 4, which can be designed as a PP or PET film.
  • the layer structure 1 has a decorative layer 7 applied above the insulation layer 19, which is protected on the upper side by a film layer 3.
  • a positive and a negative pole of an electrical connection can be provided by the at least two metal layers 4, which in this case assume the function of conductor tracks.
  • the layer structure 1 can the background layer 12 are laminated.
  • a PP or PET film can be provided as the carrier layer 5.
  • the layer structure shown in FIG. 1 is provided for changing and / or improving functional-technical properties and / or functions of the element 2.
  • the layer structure 1 shown here can - to discharge electrostatic charges and / or
  • the structure of the multi-layer structure 1 is selected depending on the application.
  • the layer structure 1 shown in the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 29 can be seen to improve and / or guarantee at least one of the technical functions of the element 2 given below, namely
  • the multi-layer structure 1 is designed to be diffusion-resistant or diffusion-tight and / or to avoid diffusion of liquids and / or gases through the element 2, in particular where the multi-layer structure 1 is designed as a vapor barrier and / or barrier layer , Furthermore, it is not shown that the multi-layer structure 1 according to DIN 4102 (as of June 2018) is not combustible or flame-retardant.
  • the multilayered layer structure 1 and / or the metal layer 4 can have the building material class A1 or A2 or B1.
  • an earthing device for earthing is electrically connected to the multilayer layer structure 1, in particular to the metal layer 4, whereby the earthing device can in any case be designed in such a way that electrostatic charges on the element 2 can be dissipated.
  • the insulation layer shown in FIG. 29 can be formed as a plastic film.
  • the plastic film can have polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), and / or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • the insulation layer 19 can have, as a material, in particular based on synthetic and / or semisynthetic polymers, preferably elastomeric, thermoplastic and / or thermosetting plastic, in particular polyvinyl nyl chloride (PVC), cast polyvinyl chloride, polyester (PES), polyester with a surface containing polyvinyl chloride, perfluorocarbons (PFC), polyurethane (PUR), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polypropylene (PP), natural fiber reinforced plastic (NFK), cast propylene ( CPP), oriented propylene (OPP), biaxial oriented propylene (BOPP), polyetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene (PE), high density polyethylene (FIDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET / PETP), polystyrene (PS), biaxially oriented polyester film (BOPET), polyactide (PLA, PDLA, PLLA and //
  • the metal layer 4 is electrically connected to a connecting device of the element 2.
  • the connecting device can in turn be electrically connected to an energy supply device, not shown, and / or an electrical consumer, not shown.
  • the electrical conductor track shown in FIG. 28 can have aluminum, copper, gold and / or silver as the material.
  • FIG. 28 shows that a filling layer 20 is arranged at least in regions in the free spaces of the partial metal layer 4 formed as a conductor track.
  • the filler layer 20 can have plastic as the material and / or can be produced by coating, printing and / or painting.
  • the filling layer 20 is designed as a separate, maskable negative layer that can be applied.
  • the multilayered layer structure 1 has an S d value of less than 1500 m, preferably less than 1000 m, more preferably between 0.01 to 500 m and in particular at least essentially between 0.01 to 100 m, and / or that the multilayered layer structure (1) has an S d value of greater than 100 m, preferably greater than 500 m, more preferably greater than or equal to 800 m, preferably between 800 m to 5000 m.
  • the multilayered layer structure 1 has a water vapor passage (W DD value) of less than 2 g / m 2 / 24h, preferably less than 1 g / m 2 / 24h, more preferably between 0 , 1 g / m 2 / 24h to 0.6 g / m 2 / 24h, and / or has an oxygen passage of less than 2 cm 3 / m 2 / 24h, preferably less than 1 cm 3 / m 2 / 24h, more preferably between 0.1 cm 3 / m 2 / 24h to 0.5 cm 3 / m 2 / 24h.
  • W DD value water vapor passage
  • 35 shows in the layer structure 1, in addition to the layer 22 and the decorative layer 7, the protective layer 8, which may have a biopolymer material.

Landscapes

  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne l'utilisation d'un film décoratif (21) pour un élément (2) destiné à être utilisé comme élément de plancher, de paroi, de plafond, de mobilier, de décoration, d'aménagement intérieur, de préférence un élément de bordure, un élément profilé, un élément de chant, de porte et/ou de fenêtre, un élément de façade, de papier peint, d'intérieur de véhicule, d'extérieur de véhicule et/ou de recouvrement extérieur comprenant au moins une couche de film (3) et au moins une couche décorative (7). Selon l'invention, la couche de film (3) et la couche décorative (7) sont au moins partiellement transparentes et/ou translucides, en particulier perméables à la lumière, de sorte que le film décoratif (21) est au moins partiellement transparent et/ou translucide, en particulier perméable à la lumière.
PCT/EP2019/066428 2018-07-26 2019-06-21 Utilisation d'un film décoratif WO2020020544A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19733642.3A EP3826848A1 (fr) 2018-07-26 2019-06-21 Utilisation d'un film décoratif

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018005877.9 2018-07-26
DE102018005877.9A DE102018005877A1 (de) 2018-07-26 2018-07-26 Verwendung einer Dekorfolie

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DE (1) DE102018005877A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020020544A1 (fr)

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AT523071B1 (de) * 2019-12-15 2021-05-15 Winkler Christian Musikabspielgerät und Möbelstück
WO2021243071A1 (fr) * 2020-05-27 2021-12-02 Proampac Holdings Inc. Structures de film à base de polyoléfine stratifiée recyclable
US20220097440A1 (en) * 2019-01-30 2022-03-31 Kba-Notasys Sa Process for preparing polymeric security articles
US20220144003A1 (en) * 2019-01-30 2022-05-12 Kba-Notasys Sa Process for preparing polymeric security articles
CN114683663A (zh) * 2022-04-16 2022-07-01 南通纳科达聚氨酯科技有限公司 一种抗老化tpu膜及其加工工艺
CN114872398A (zh) * 2022-05-10 2022-08-09 长春盖尔瑞孚艾斯曼汽车零部件有限公司 一种透光饰面布料及其制作工艺
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US11987026B2 (en) 2020-05-27 2024-05-21 Proampac Holdings Inc. Recyclable laminated polyolefin-based film structures

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CN116654361B (zh) * 2023-08-02 2023-10-03 江苏欧港昌盛装饰材料有限公司 一种基于视觉监测的地板加工用包装覆膜生产线

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EP2556966A1 (fr) * 2011-08-12 2013-02-13 Nordenia Deutschland Gronau GmbH Feuille de décor à faible jaunissement pour le revêtement d'un élément de support, notamment un composant d'automobile ou de pièce de mobilier, doté d'un composite de couche constitué d'au moins une couche de barrière et d'une couche de décor
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US20220097440A1 (en) * 2019-01-30 2022-03-31 Kba-Notasys Sa Process for preparing polymeric security articles
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AT523071B1 (de) * 2019-12-15 2021-05-15 Winkler Christian Musikabspielgerät und Möbelstück
AT523071A4 (de) * 2019-12-15 2021-05-15 Winkler Christian Musikabspielgerät und Möbelstück
WO2021243071A1 (fr) * 2020-05-27 2021-12-02 Proampac Holdings Inc. Structures de film à base de polyoléfine stratifiée recyclable
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CN114683663A (zh) * 2022-04-16 2022-07-01 南通纳科达聚氨酯科技有限公司 一种抗老化tpu膜及其加工工艺
CN114872398A (zh) * 2022-05-10 2022-08-09 长春盖尔瑞孚艾斯曼汽车零部件有限公司 一种透光饰面布料及其制作工艺
CN114872398B (zh) * 2022-05-10 2024-04-05 长春盖尔瑞孚艾斯曼汽车零部件有限公司 一种透光饰面布料及其制作工艺

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