WO2020017597A1 - 撮像装置 - Google Patents

撮像装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020017597A1
WO2020017597A1 PCT/JP2019/028307 JP2019028307W WO2020017597A1 WO 2020017597 A1 WO2020017597 A1 WO 2020017597A1 JP 2019028307 W JP2019028307 W JP 2019028307W WO 2020017597 A1 WO2020017597 A1 WO 2020017597A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aperture value
value
aperture
image
lens
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2019/028307
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
太一 後藤
鉄人 河津
朗 木下
Original Assignee
株式会社ニコン
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社ニコン filed Critical 株式会社ニコン
Priority to JP2020531368A priority Critical patent/JP6989018B2/ja
Publication of WO2020017597A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020017597A1/ja
Priority to JP2021196155A priority patent/JP7331909B2/ja
Priority to JP2023131014A priority patent/JP7586248B2/ja
Priority to JP2024194138A priority patent/JP2025016725A/ja

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B17/00—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor
    • G03B17/02—Bodies
    • G03B17/12—Bodies with means for supporting objectives, supplementary lenses, filters, masks, or turrets
    • G03B17/14—Bodies with means for supporting objectives, supplementary lenses, filters, masks, or turrets interchangeably
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B7/00—Control of exposure by setting shutters, diaphragms or filters, separately or conjointly
    • G03B7/08—Control effected solely on the basis of the response, to the intensity of the light received by the camera, of a built-in light-sensitive device
    • G03B7/091—Digital circuits
    • G03B7/093—Digital circuits for control of exposure time
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B7/00—Control of exposure by setting shutters, diaphragms or filters, separately or conjointly
    • G03B7/20—Control of exposure by setting shutters, diaphragms or filters, separately or conjointly in accordance with change of lens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
    • H04N23/75—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by influencing optical camera components

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an imaging device.
  • a camera that displays a monitor image called a live view image is known.
  • the aperture of the photographing lens is frequently driven for exposure correction (see Patent Document 1). Therefore, there is a problem that the brightness of the screen of the live view image changes due to frequent driving of the aperture.
  • an imaging device captures an image of a subject formed by an optical system having an aperture and outputs a signal, and a display unit that displays an image generated based on the signal.
  • An operation unit that instructs the imaging device to perform imaging by an operation, a calculation unit that calculates a first aperture value that is an aperture value for shooting based on the operation of the operation unit, based on the signal, Based on the difference between the second aperture value, which is the aperture value of shooting for live view display for displaying an image based on a signal repeatedly captured by the image sensor on the display unit.
  • a control unit that performs control to change the second aperture value based on the first aperture value and control that does not change the second aperture value.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration of the camera in FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3D are diagrams illustrating a first aperture value and a second aperture value.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4D are diagrams illustrating a first aperture value and a second aperture value.
  • FIGS. 5A to 5C are diagrams illustrating a first aperture value and a second aperture value.
  • 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process performed by a body-side control unit in a live view mode.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a camera system 1 before an interchangeable lens 3 is mounted on a camera body 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the coupling between the camera body 2 and the interchangeable lens 3 is performed by a bayonet structure of the body-side mount 210 and the lens-side mount 310.
  • the terminals provided on each mount are in physical contact with each other, and the camera body 2 and the interchangeable lens 3 are electrically connected.
  • the camera body 2 includes an operation member 280 such as a release button and an image sensor 260.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a camera system 1 of an interchangeable lens type, but the camera system 1 may be a camera or a video camera in which a camera body and a lens are integrated.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration of the camera system 1 according to the first embodiment.
  • the interchangeable lens 3 includes a lens-side mount 310, a lens-side control unit 330, a lens-side communication unit 340, a lens-side storage unit 350, a photographing lens 360, a lens driving unit 370, and an aperture driving unit 380.
  • a lens-side terminal holding portion 320 is provided on the annular lens-side mount 310.
  • the lens-side terminal holding section 320 has a plurality of lens-side terminals in an arc shape centered on the optical axis O.
  • the plurality of lens-side terminals include, for example, an attachment detection terminal that indicates to the camera body 2 that the interchangeable lens 3 is attached to the camera body 2, and is used for communication between the interchangeable lens 3 and the camera body 2.
  • the lens-side control unit 330 is composed of a microcomputer and its peripheral circuits.
  • the lens-side control unit 330 controls each unit of the interchangeable lens 3 by executing a control program stored in the lens-side storage unit 350.
  • the lens-side control unit 330 is connected to the lens-side communication unit 340, the lens-side storage unit 350, the lens driving unit 370, and the aperture driving unit 380.
  • the lens-side communication unit 340 performs predetermined communication with the body-side communication unit 240 in a state where the interchangeable lens 3 is mounted on the camera body 2.
  • the lens-side communication unit 340 is connected to the lens-side control unit 330 and the above-described lens-side terminal.
  • an instruction such as movement of a lens 361 described later by the lens control unit 330 is given. Done.
  • a transmission request for transmitting information in the interchangeable lens 3 such as information indicating the state of the lens driving unit 370 to the camera body 2 is sent from the camera body 2 to the lens control unit 330 of the interchangeable lens 3.
  • the information indicating the state of the lens driving unit 370 is, for example, information indicating a state in which the lens driving unit 370 is driving the lens 361.
  • data indicating the position of the lens 361 after the movement, the state of the drive unit in the interchangeable lens 3, and the like, data read from the lens-side storage unit 350, information on the shooting distance and the shooting magnification, and the like are stored in the interchangeable lens 3.
  • the information is transmitted to the camera body 2 as information.
  • the lens-side storage unit 350 is configured by a non-volatile storage medium. Recording and reading of data in the lens side storage unit 350 are controlled by the lens side control unit 330.
  • the lens-side storage unit 350 stores control programs and the like executed by the lens-side control unit 330, data indicating the model name of the interchangeable lens 3 (also referred to as model name information), the focal length and aberration of the photographing lens 360. Data indicating optical characteristics such as information is stored.
  • the data stored in the lens storage unit 350 may include an error allowable value based on a difference in optical characteristics between a first aperture value and a second aperture value, which will be described in detail later.
  • the taking lens 360 guides the subject light to the imaging surface of the imaging element 260 of the camera body 2.
  • the optical axis O of the taking lens 360 coincides with the center of the lens-side mount 310 and the body-side mount 210.
  • the taking lens 360 includes a plurality of lenses 361 including a focusing lens and a zoom lens, and a stop 362. Note that the lens 361 has a plurality of lenses, but is simplified and shown as one lens in FIG.
  • At least a part of the photographing lens 360 is configured to be able to move forward and backward in the optical axis O direction by a lens driving unit 370 or a manual operation.
  • the focusing lens is configured to be able to move forward and backward in the optical axis O direction by the lens driving unit 370. By moving the focusing lens, the focal position of the photographing lens 360 is adjusted.
  • the aperture 362 is a so-called aperture stop having a plurality of aperture blades, and changes the aperture diameter (aperture value) of the photographing lens 360 by driving the aperture blades to adjust the amount of light incident on the image sensor 260.
  • the aperture driving unit 380 drives the aperture blades to change the aperture diameter (aperture value).
  • the aperture driving unit 380 is configured by a stepping motor and an aperture driving mechanism.
  • the aperture driving unit 380 drives the aperture blades of the aperture 362 to change the aperture diameter based on an instruction from the lens-side control unit 330.
  • the aperture driving unit 380 detects the aperture value of the aperture 362 by measuring the driving amount of the aperture blade using an encoder provided near the aperture blade or a pulse counter.
  • the lens driving section 370 is constituted by a lens driving mechanism including a stepping motor.
  • the lens driving section 370 moves the focusing lens forming the lens 361 in the direction of the optical axis O according to the driving signal output from the lens-side control section 330.
  • the moving direction, the moving amount, the moving speed, and the like of the focusing lens are instructed from, for example, the body-side control unit 230.
  • the lens driving unit 370 detects the position of the focusing lens by a driving step of an encoder or a stepping motor provided near the lens.
  • the camera body 2 includes a body-side mount 210, a body-side control unit 230, a body-side communication unit 240, a power supply unit 250, an image sensor 260, a signal processing unit 270, an operation member 280, and a display unit 290. Further, the recording unit 100 is configured to be detachable from the camera body 2.
  • the body-side terminal mount 220 is provided on the ring-shaped body-side mount 210.
  • the body-side terminal holding section 220 has a plurality of body-side terminals.
  • the plurality of body-side terminals include, for example, an attachment detection terminal that informs that the interchangeable lens 3 has been attached, a plurality of communication terminals used for communication between the camera body 2 and the interchangeable lens 3, and a camera body 2. And a grounding (ground) terminal.
  • the body-side control unit 230 has a storage unit 235, and includes a microcomputer and its peripheral circuits.
  • the body-side control unit 230 executes a control program stored in the storage unit 235 to control each unit in the camera body 2.
  • the body-side control unit 230 is connected to the body-side communication unit 240, the power supply unit 250, the image sensor 260, the signal processing unit 270, the operation member 280, the display unit 290, the recording unit 100, and the above-described attachment detection terminal.
  • the storage unit 235 stores a control program and the like executed by the body-side control unit 230, and also stores model name information of the interchangeable lens 3 received by the body-side communication unit 240, data indicating optical characteristics of the interchangeable lens 3, and the like. Can be memorized.
  • the body-side communication unit 240 performs the above-described communication with the lens-side communication unit 340 in a state where the interchangeable lens 3 is mounted on the camera body 2.
  • the body-side communication unit 240 is connected to the body-side control unit 230 and the above-described communication terminal.
  • the power supply unit 250 converts a voltage of a battery (not shown) into a voltage used in each unit of the camera system 1 and supplies the voltage to each unit of the camera body 2 and the interchangeable lens 3.
  • the power supply unit 250 can switch on and off power supply for each power supply destination according to an instruction from the body-side control unit 230.
  • the power supply unit 250 is connected to the body-side control unit 230 and the above-described power supply terminal.
  • the image sensor 260 is a solid-state image sensor such as a CMOS image sensor or a CCD image sensor in which pixels are arranged two-dimensionally in the row direction and the column direction.
  • the imaging element 260 captures a subject image on the imaging surface according to a control signal from the body-side control unit 230 and outputs an imaging signal.
  • the imaging element 260 is connected to the body-side control unit 230 and the signal processing unit 270.
  • the imaging element 260 has pixels for generating an image (referred to as imaging pixels) and pixels for detecting a focus (referred to as pixels for detecting a focus) arranged on an imaging surface.
  • a signal generated by the imaging pixel (hereinafter, referred to as an imaging pixel signal) is used for generating image data by a signal processing unit 270 described later.
  • a signal generated by the focus detection pixel (hereinafter, referred to as a focus detection pixel signal) is used by a signal processing unit 270, which will be described later, to form an image formed by the interchangeable lens 3 on the imaging surface of the image sensor 260, in other words, to be described later. This is used for focus detection processing for detecting the amount of defocus to be performed.
  • a pixel having a plurality of photoelectric conversion units and outputting a signal that can be used for both imaging and focus detection may be provided in the imaging element 260.
  • the signal processing unit 270 performs predetermined image processing on the imaging pixel signal output from the imaging pixel of the imaging element 260 to generate image data.
  • the generated image data is recorded in the recording unit 100 in a predetermined file format, or used for image display by the display unit 290.
  • the signal processing unit 270 is connected to the body-side control unit 230, the image sensor 260, and the display unit 290.
  • the signal processing unit 270 calculates the defocus amount of the interchangeable lens 3 by the phase difference detection method using the focus detection pixel signal output from the focus detection pixel of the image sensor 260.
  • the defocus amount is a shift amount between the position of the image of the subject formed by the interchangeable lens 3 (imaging plane) and the position of the imaging surface of the imaging element 260.
  • the signal processing unit 270 controls the focusing lens to a focusing position that is the position of the focusing lens when an image of a specific subject is formed on the imaging surface of the imaging element 260 by the interchangeable lens 3. Is calculated.
  • the body-side control unit 230 also functions as a photometric calculation unit.
  • the body-side control unit 230 detects brightness information (Bv value) of the subject based on the imaging pixel signal input from the imaging device 260 to the signal processing unit 270. Based on the Bv value and the information of the program diagram stored in the storage unit 235, the body-side control unit 230 determines an aperture value (Av value), a shutter speed (Tv value), and a shooting sensitivity (Sv value). To determine.
  • the imaging sensitivity is also referred to as ISO sensitivity, and is a gain at the time of photoelectric conversion in the image sensor 260.
  • the Av value, the Tv value, and the Sv value are values calculated by the Apex calculation according to the shooting mode.
  • the recording unit 100 is a memory card of a non-volatile storage medium.
  • the recording unit 100 is mounted on an insertion portion (not shown) provided inside the exterior surface of the camera body 2.
  • recording and reading of image data are controlled by the body-side control unit 230.
  • An operation member 280 including a release button, various operation switches, and the like is provided on an exterior surface of the camera body 2.
  • the setting of the shooting mode includes setting whether the image to be shot is a still image or moving image, automatically determining the above-described Av value, Tv value, and Sv value, or setting the above-described Av value, This is a setting such as whether the user determines some or all of the Tv value and the Sv value.
  • the release button is subjected to a two-step pressing operation of half pressing and full pressing.
  • the half-pressing operation is a pressing-down operation of about half of the pressing-down amount at the time of full-pressing, and a shooting preparation operation is performed.
  • the display unit 290 includes, for example, an organic EL or a liquid crystal display panel.
  • the display unit 290 displays an image based on the image data processed by the signal processing unit 270, an operation menu screen, and the like in accordance with an instruction from the body-side control unit 230.
  • Display unit 290 is connected to body-side control unit 230 and signal processing unit 270.
  • the display unit 290 can also perform a so-called live view image display in which image data based on signals repeatedly captured by the image sensor 260 is dynamically and sequentially displayed.
  • This live view image display may have lower image quality than an image generated by imaging by a full-press operation of the release button.
  • the live view image display is performed in a shooting mode other than the playback mode and the setting mode while the power of the camera system 1 is on.
  • live view images are displayed in the following three live view modes, and any one of the live view modes can be selected.
  • the first live view mode is a live view image display that emphasizes the visibility of a display image without reflecting various settings at the time of shooting according to user settings.
  • the first live view mode is a mode in which a live view image is generated and an exposure calculation is performed based on an imaging pixel signal, and focus detection processing and the like are performed based on a focus detection pixel signal.
  • the various settings at the time of shooting by the user settings are settings such as a shutter speed, an aperture value, and an exposure for obtaining a user's desired image effect.
  • the aperture value is set to a large value (the aperture is narrowed)
  • a bright image is displayed in the first live view mode in order to emphasize the visibility of the live view image without narrowing the aperture value to the set aperture value.
  • the aperture is limited from an imaging signal for generating a live view image to a predetermined value (a live view aperture value which is a second aperture value to be described later) at which accurate distance measurement can be performed. Do not squeeze.
  • the first live view mode is a mode in which a live view image to be displayed is displayed as close as possible to an optical viewfinder (so-called OVF). Therefore, in the first live view mode, even if the user sets the exposure correction, the live view image is displayed without considering the exposure correction set by the user. More specifically, even if the user has set the exposure compensation to-/, the image displayed in live view is not a dark image.
  • the second live view mode is for displaying a live view image reflecting various settings at the time of actual shooting according to user settings. Similar to the first live view mode, this is a mode in which generation of a live view image, exposure calculation, and the like are performed based on an imaging pixel signal, and focus detection processing and the like are performed based on a focus detection pixel signal.
  • an image is displayed on the display unit 290 by simulating the exposure at the time of the main shooting based on the setting at the time of the main shooting.
  • the aperture value is reduced only to a predetermined value at which distance measurement can be performed (a live view aperture value, which is a second aperture value described later).
  • An image displayed as a live view image is a dark image by image processing.
  • the setting of the user is not necessarily reflected.
  • the live view image is displayed by the user.
  • the display reflects the set exposure compensation. More specifically, when the user has set the exposure correction to-/ steps, the image displayed in the live view is an image that is 1/3 steps darker.
  • the third live view mode is a mode in which all the shooting settings set by the user are reflected on the displayed live view image. In the third live view mode, various calculations for actual shooting are not performed. In the third live view mode, when the aperture value is set to a large value as the setting at the time of the main shooting, the image is captured by narrowing down to the set aperture value. Therefore, although the image displayed in the live view is dark, the depth of field of the set aperture value can be confirmed, and the preview of the actual shooting can be performed.
  • a live view image is displayed on the display unit 290, and the pixel signal for imaging and
  • the body-side control unit 230 performs exposure calculation, defocus amount calculation, and the like based on the focus detection pixel signal.
  • the exposure calculation and the calculation of the defocus amount are repeatedly performed during the live view display.
  • the calculated exposure calculation result is used for various settings for shooting for a live view image and shooting by pressing a release button.
  • the defocus amount calculated during the display of the live view image is used for instructing the driving of the focusing lens when the release button is half-pressed.
  • a program automatic exposure calculation mode, a shutter speed priority exposure calculation mode, or a full auto mode in which sensitivity setting is also calculated as a shooting mode is set.
  • the body-side control unit 230 sets two aperture values.
  • the first aperture value is a first aperture value (also referred to as an imaging aperture value) applied at the time of pressing (full pressing) the release button constituting the operation member 280 and imaging (main imaging), and is described above. This value is based on the Apex exposure calculation.
  • the second aperture value will be described later in detail with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • the second aperture value is used during imaging for displaying a live view image on the display unit 290, that is, the second aperture value applied to the exposure calculation and the calculation of the defocus amount.
  • the second aperture value is smaller than the first aperture value (the aperture is open). This is because when the aperture value of the aperture 362 of the photographing lens 360 changes, the depth of focus of the subject image (the allowable range of distance measurement) changes.
  • the aperture value of the aperture 362 is small (the aperture is opened), the depth of focus is shallow, and when the aperture value is large (the aperture is reduced), the depth of focus is deep.
  • the aperture (second aperture value) at the time of calculating the defocus amount is the aperture value at the time of shooting (first aperture value). It is even better if it is the same as The first aperture value changes by exposure calculation following the change in the brightness of the subject. However, in the case where the brightness of the subject changes frequently, if the second aperture value during live view display is frequently changed to drive the aperture blades in accordance with the change in the first aperture value, the aperture driving is performed.
  • the sound (drive sound) emitted by the unit 380 tends to be a problem. Also, flickering of the live view image due to a sudden change in the brightness of the image displayed on the display unit 290 is likely to cause a problem.
  • the body-side control unit 230 calculates the control values including the first aperture value based on the photometric value in the live view mode, and stores the calculated values in the storage unit 235. .
  • the body-side control unit 230 instructs the aperture driving unit 380 to drive the aperture 362 so that the aperture value becomes the first aperture value stored in the storage unit 235 when the release button is fully pressed. Photographing is performed to obtain an image for recording.
  • the body-side control unit 230 sets the first aperture value so that the aperture 362 is not frequently driven at the time of capturing the live view image. Is calculated, the second aperture value having a smaller change than that of the second aperture value is calculated. During the live view display, the stop 362 is driven to obtain the second aperture value, and a live view image is obtained.
  • the body-side control unit 230 When the live-view image is acquired, the body-side control unit 230 recalculates the control value including the first aperture value based on the new photometry value, and updates and stores the calculated values in the storage unit 235. The body-side control unit 230 also recalculates the second aperture value, and updates and stores the calculated value in the storage unit 235.
  • the release button When the release button is not pressed (fully pressed), the body-side control unit 230 drives the aperture 362 so that the aperture value of the aperture 362 becomes the second aperture value stored in the storage unit 235. , And obtain a live view image.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3D are diagrams illustrating a first aperture value and a second aperture value.
  • the upper line indicates the first aperture value (shooting aperture value), and the lower line indicates the second aperture value (live view aperture value).
  • the units of the first aperture value and the second aperture value are exposure calculation values (apex calculation values).
  • the aperture value on the open side is Av1
  • the aperture value on the small diameter side is Av6.
  • the open value and the minimum value of the aperture 362 may be appropriately changed for each model of the interchangeable lens 3, for example.
  • the first aperture value and the second aperture value calculated by the body-side control unit 230 are represented by the positions of triangles ( ⁇ ) on each line.
  • the calculated first aperture value photographing aperture value
  • the second aperture value live view aperture value
  • the body-side control unit 230 controls accumulation of the image sensor 260, for example, in synchronization with the frame rate of live view display. Then, as described above, the Bv value is obtained based on the signal value (also referred to as a photometric value) of the imaging pixel signal generated by the imaging pixel of the imaging element 260 by accumulation. Further, a first aperture value (Av value), a shutter speed (Tv value), and a sensitivity (Sv value) are determined based on the Bv value and the information of the program diagram stored in the storage unit 235. The first aperture value (Av value), shutter speed (Tv value), and sensitivity (Sv value) are stored in the storage unit 235 as control values. The body-side control unit 230 calculates such a control value including the first aperture value (Av value) each time an imaging pixel signal of the imaging element 260 is input to the signal processing unit 270. The control value is updated and recorded in the storage unit 235.
  • the body-side control unit 230 When calculating the first aperture value (Av value) for the first time in the live view mode, the body-side control unit 230 allows the first aperture value (Av value) to be on the open side, for example, one step in the apex value. (Displayed as a dashed rectangle). As described above, since the control unit 230 calculates the defocus amount based on the focus detection pixel signal of the live view image, the depth of focus of the subject image is shallower than the first aperture value set for shooting.
  • the aperture value is set as the second aperture value.
  • the range between the first aperture value itself and the one-step opening side of the first aperture value is set as a range for setting the second aperture value, and this range is referred to as an allowable range. I have.
  • the first second aperture value (Av value) is determined to be an intermediate value of the permissible range (a 1/2 aperture value from the open side).
  • the first aperture value (shooting aperture value) is Av4, so the second aperture value (live view aperture value) is intermediate between Av4 and Av3, which is one stage opener.
  • the value is determined to be Av3.5.
  • one stage on the open side is exemplified by the apex value, but is not limited to one stage, and may be two stages or 0.5 stages on the open side.
  • the upper limit (small diameter side) and the lower limit (open side) of the allowable range may be made different depending on information (focal length, open aperture value, etc.) of the interchangeable lens 3.
  • the intermediate value of the allowable range is determined as the second aperture value (Av value) will be described.
  • a value that is not exactly the intermediate value of the range (for example, 1/3 stop or 5/6 stop from the open side) ) May be used as the second aperture value (Av value).
  • FIG. 3B is a diagram for explaining the first aperture value and the second aperture value when the brightness of the subject becomes brighter than the state of FIG. 3A.
  • the body-side control unit 230 determines the first aperture value (Av value).
  • the first aperture value (imaging aperture value) is changed to a smaller diameter side (the Av value is larger) than in the state of FIG. 3A, and the first aperture value is Av4.
  • the allowable range of the second aperture value based on the first aperture value also moves to the smaller diameter side.
  • the body-side control unit 230 determines that the second aperture value (Av value) previously determined in the state of FIG. 3A is within an allowable range based on the first aperture value calculated this time (the dashed square in FIG. 3B). It is determined whether or not it is included in the display. Since the value of Av3.5 set in the previous time (FIG.
  • FIG. 3C is a diagram for explaining the first aperture value and the second aperture value when the brightness of the subject is further brighter than the state of FIG. 3B.
  • the body-side control section 230 determines a first aperture value (Av value).
  • the first aperture value (Av value) is changed to the smaller diameter side than in the state of FIG. 3B, the first aperture value is Av 4.8, and the first aperture value is Av.
  • the allowable range of the second aperture value based on the value (indicated by a dashed rectangle) also moves to the smaller diameter side.
  • the body-side control unit 230 determines that the maintained second aperture value (dotted triangle Av3.5) in FIG. 3A is based on the first aperture value (Av4.8) calculated this time.
  • the second aperture value (Av value) is changed to the smaller diameter side because the value is out of the allowable range of the value (Av 3.8 to 4.8 indicated by the dashed rectangle in FIG. 3C).
  • Av4.3 (indicated by a solid triangle), which is an intermediate value of the allowable range (Av3.8 to 4.8) of the second aperture value calculated this time, is determined as the second aperture value (Av value).
  • FIG. 3D is a view for explaining the first aperture value and the second aperture value when the brightness of the subject becomes even brighter than the state of FIG. 3C.
  • the body-side control section 230 determines a first aperture value (Av value).
  • the first aperture value (Av value) is changed to the smaller diameter side than in the state of FIG. 3C, the first aperture value is Av 5.8, and the first aperture value is Av.
  • the allowable range of the second aperture value based on the value (indicated by a dashed rectangle) also moves to the smaller diameter side.
  • the body-side control unit 230 determines that the second aperture value (Av value) in FIG. 3C determined at the time of the previous calculation is the second aperture value based on the first aperture value (Av4.8) calculated this time. Since the allowable range (indicated by a dashed rectangle in FIG. 3D) is out of the range of Av 4.8 to 5.8, the second aperture value (Av value) is changed to the smaller diameter side, and the intermediate value of the newly imagined range is changed. An attempt is made to determine the second aperture value (Av value).
  • the smaller diameter side of the second aperture value (Av value) is limited to Av5.
  • the reason why the limit value is provided on the smaller diameter side of the second aperture value (Av value) is that the smaller the aperture diameter of the aperture 362, the lower the accuracy of detecting the above-described image shift amount (phase difference). Since a decrease in phase difference detection accuracy leads to a decrease in focus detection accuracy, in the present embodiment, a limit value is provided on the smaller diameter side of the second aperture value (Av value) (Av5 in this example), so that liveness is reduced. A reduction in focus detection accuracy in the view mode is suppressed. Therefore, in FIG. 3D in which the brightness of the subject is further brighter than in the state of FIG.
  • the allowable range of the second aperture value is Av 4.8 to 5.8 as indicated by a broken-line rectangle.
  • the intermediate value is Av5.3, but the actually set second aperture value is the smaller-diameter limit value Av5 indicated by a black triangle ( ⁇ ).
  • the limit value on the small diameter side of the second aperture value may be appropriately changed for each model of the interchangeable lens 3, for example.
  • FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating a first aperture value and a second aperture value when the brightness of the subject is further increased than in the state of FIG. 3D.
  • the body-side control section 230 determines a first aperture value (Av value).
  • the first aperture value (Av value) is changed to the smaller diameter side compared to the state of FIG. 3D, the first aperture value is Av6.8, and the first aperture value is Av.
  • the allowable range of the second aperture value based on the value (indicated by a dashed rectangle) also moves to the smaller diameter side.
  • the body-side control unit 230 determines that the maintained second aperture value (Av5) is an allowable range of the second aperture value based on the first aperture value calculated this time (indicated by a broken-line rectangle in FIG. 4A).
  • the second aperture value (Av value) deviates from Av 5.8 to 6.8, the second aperture value (Av value) is maintained at Av5 which is a limit value on the smaller diameter side. Even if the brightness of the subject becomes brighter than the state shown in FIG. 3D, the second aperture value in FIG. 4A is the limit value on the small diameter side indicated by a black triangle ( ⁇ ). It remains at Av5.
  • the body-side control unit 230 shortens the exposure time (accumulation time, Tv value) of the image sensor 260, or adjusts the sensitivity. (Sv value) may be reduced. With such control, it is possible to suppress a change in the brightness of the live view image displayed on the display unit 290.
  • the processing of suppressing the change in the brightness of the display screen does not reflect the user's setting (exposure compensation, etc.).
  • the exposure time (accumulation time, Tv value) and the sensitivity (Sv value) are determined in consideration of the settings (exposure correction, etc.).
  • FIG. 4B is a view for explaining the first aperture value and the second aperture value when the brightness of the subject is lower than the state of FIG. 4A.
  • the first aperture value (Av value) is changed to the open side as compared with the state of FIG. 4A, and the first aperture value is Av6.
  • the allowable range of the second aperture value based on the first aperture value (indicated by a broken-line rectangle) also moves to the open side.
  • the body-side control unit 230 determines that the Av5 that was previously set and maintained in FIG. 4A is the allowable range of the second aperture value based on the first aperture value calculated this time (indicated by the dashed rectangle in FIG. 4B).
  • FIG. 4C is a view for explaining the first aperture value and the second aperture value when the brightness of the subject is further darker than the state of FIG. 4B.
  • the first aperture value (Av value) is changed to the open side compared to the state of FIG. 4B, and the first aperture value is Av 4.8. Since the first aperture value (Av value) has been changed to the open side, the allowable range of the second aperture value based on the first aperture value (indicated by a broken-line rectangle) also moves to the open side.
  • the body-side control unit 230 calculates the second aperture value (Av value) of FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B maintained at the small-diameter-side limit value Av5 indicated by a dotted triangle, If the second aperture value is out of the range of 3.8 to 4.8 (indicated by the dashed rectangle in FIG.
  • the second aperture value (Av value) is set to the open side.
  • an intermediate value Av4.3 (solid line of FIG. 4C) of the allowable range (Av3.8 to 4.8) of the second aperture value based on the first aperture value Av5 calculated this time. Is determined as the second aperture value (Av value).
  • FIG. 4D is a view for explaining the first aperture value and the second aperture value when the brightness of the subject is darker than the state of FIG. 4C.
  • the first aperture value (Av value) is Av4.5, which is changed to the open side, compared to the state of FIG. 4C, and the second aperture value based on the first aperture value.
  • the value tolerance (indicated by the dashed rectangle) also moves to the open side.
  • the body-side control unit 230 determines that the second aperture value Av4.3 of FIG. 4C determined at the time of the previous calculation is an allowable range of the second aperture value based on the first aperture value calculated at this time (see FIG. d) (displayed as a dashed square)) Since the values are included in Av3.5 to 4.5, the second aperture value Av4.3 of FIG. 4C determined in the previous calculation is maintained without being changed.
  • the frequency of driving the aperture 362 in the live view mode can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 5A is a diagram for explaining the first aperture value and the second aperture value when the brightness of the subject is darker than the state of FIG. 4D.
  • the first aperture value (Av value) is changed to the open side compared to the state of FIG. 4B, and the first aperture value is Av2.5.
  • the body-side control unit 230 calculates the current second aperture value (Av4.3 indicated by a broken triangle in FIG. 5A) as the calculated first aperture value (Av2.5 in FIG. 5A). If the second aperture value is larger than the first aperture value, the second aperture value is changed to the first aperture value without comparing the current second aperture value (Av value) with the allowable range of the second aperture value based on the first aperture value.
  • the control unit 230 calculates the defocus amount based on the focus detection pixel signal of the live view image, so that the control unit 230 sets the first value set for shooting.
  • An aperture value having a shallower depth of focus of the subject image than the aperture value is set as the second aperture value, so that the newly calculated first aperture value Av2.5 is maintained at the second aperture value Av4. 3, the lens is located on the open side, so that it is based on the first aperture value calculated this time.
  • FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating the first aperture value and the second aperture value when the brightness of the subject is further darker than the state of FIG. 5A.
  • the first aperture value (Av value) is changed to the open side as compared with the state of FIG. 5A, and the first aperture value is Av2.2.
  • the allowable range of the second aperture value based on the first aperture value also moves to the open side.
  • the body-side control unit 230 determines that the second aperture value Av2 of FIG. 5A determined at the time of the previous calculation is the allowable range Av1.2 to .2 of the second aperture value based on the first aperture value calculated this time. 2 (indicated by a broken-line rectangle in FIG. 5B), the second aperture value Av2 in FIG. 5A determined at the previous calculation is maintained without being changed.
  • the frequency of driving the aperture 362 in the live view mode can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 5C is a view for explaining the first aperture value and the second aperture value when the brightness of the subject is further darker than the state of FIG. 5B.
  • the first aperture value (Av value) is changed to Av2 on the open side as compared with the state of FIG. 5B, and the imaginary range (indicated by a broken-line rectangle) also moves to the open side. It moves to Av1 and Av2.
  • the open upper limit value of the aperture 362 is Av2. That is, the open aperture value of the interchangeable lens 3 is Av2 (the F value is 2).
  • the body-side control unit 230 determines whether the first aperture value (Av value) calculated based on the Bv value and the information of the program diagram stored in the storage unit 235 is closer to the open side than the open upper limit value. Maintains the first aperture value (Av value) at the open value.
  • the second aperture value (Av value) is also set to the same open value as the first aperture value (Av value).
  • a black triangle ( ⁇ ) indicates an open value.
  • the second aperture value that is the live view aperture value is changed to the first aperture value that is the shooting aperture value.
  • the aperture value is always set to be more open than the aperture value, and control is performed so that the second aperture value (Av value) is not changed as much as possible even when the brightness of the subject changes.
  • the body-side control unit 230 is activated, for example, by turning on a main switch, or shifts to a sleep operation when a non-operation state continues for a predetermined time.
  • the sleep operation is released by operating the operation member 280.
  • the processing according to the flowchart of FIG. 6 is started. Release of the sleep operation (return to the normal state) is performed when a switch or the like constituting the operation member 280 is operated.
  • the operation may be, for example, a half-press operation on a release button.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates processing for performing live view display by turning on the power or canceling the sleep operation.
  • the live view display is repeatedly performed until the release button is fully pressed.
  • the body-side control unit 230 controls the exposure setting in the live view mode to a predetermined value (initial value), and performs accumulation control on the image sensor 260. For example, it instructs the interchangeable lens 3 to drive the aperture 362 to a predetermined initial value (corresponding to the second aperture value), and sets the accumulation time and the sensitivity of the image sensor 260 in live view imaging to the predetermined initial value. To perform an accumulation operation for capturing the first frame live view image.
  • the body-side control unit 230 causes the signal processing unit 270 to read out the signal from the image sensor 260, and proceeds to step S30.
  • the body-side control unit 230 calculates the first aperture value (shooting aperture value) and the second aperture value (live view aperture value) as described above by performing the exposure calculation in step S30. That is, the body-side control unit 230 detects brightness information (Bv value) of the subject based on the imaging pixel signal input to the signal processing unit 270, and stores the Bv value and the program stored in the storage unit 235. Based on the information in the diagram, the photographing aperture value (first aperture value, Av value), shutter speed (Tv value), and sensitivity (Sv value) are determined. Further, the body-side controller 230 calculates an allowable range of the second aperture value separately from the first aperture value. The calculated control values including the permissible ranges of the first aperture value and the second aperture value are stored in the storage unit 235.
  • step S30 the body-side control unit 230 also calculates a defocus amount.
  • the body-side control unit 230 causes the signal processing unit 270 to calculate the defocus amount as described above using the signal output from the focus detection pixel of the image sensor 260.
  • the defocus amount is calculated in step S30, but the focusing lens is not yet driven at this time.
  • step S40 the body-side control unit 230 sets the aperture 362 to the second aperture value (the aperture value for live view) as described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5, and then performs live view display.
  • the body side control unit 230 causes the signal processing unit 270 to generate a live view image using the imaging pixel signal output from the imaging element 260, and causes the display unit 290 to display the generated live view image.
  • step S50 the body-side control section 230 determines whether or not the release button has been half-pressed.
  • the body-side control section 230 makes an affirmative decision in step S50 when the release button has been half-pressed, and proceeds to step S60, and otherwise returns to step S10.
  • step S60 the body-side control unit 230 moves the focusing lens forming the lens 361 with respect to the interchangeable lens 3 along the direction of the optical axis O based on the defocus amount calculated in step S30 by the signal processing unit 270. Move. That is, the lens-side control unit 330 instructs the lens driving unit 370 to drive the focusing lens, and performs the focusing driving operation. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S70.
  • step S70 the body-side control section 230 determines whether or not the release button has been fully pressed.
  • the body-side control section 230 makes an affirmative decision in step S70 if the release button has been fully pressed, and proceeds to step S80. If not, the body-side control section 230 makes a negative decision in step S70 and returns to step S10.
  • the body-side control section 230 that has returned to step S10 performs the processing after step S10 again.
  • the exposure setting for the second and subsequent frames in the live view mode includes the second aperture value stored in the storage unit 235, the shutter speed (Tv value) and the sensitivity (Sv value) stored in the storage unit 235. Is used.
  • at least one of the shutter speed (Tv value) and the sensitivity (Sv value) stored in the storage unit 235 may be corrected.
  • the reason for this is that, as described above, the brightness of the live view image displayed on the display unit 290 changes with the change in the brightness of the subject, so that the shutter speed (Tv value) and the sensitivity (Sv value) This is to adjust the brightness of the displayed live view image by correcting.
  • step S80 the body-side control unit 230 causes the storage operation to take an image for recording.
  • the aperture 362 stored in the storage unit 235 is set to a first aperture value (aperture value for shooting, Av value), calculated by an apex calculation, and stored in the storage unit 235 for the shutter speed (
  • the storage control of the image sensor 260 is performed using the Tv value), and the sensitivity (Sv value) process that is also calculated by the Apex calculation and stored in the storage unit 235 is performed.
  • step S90 the body-side control unit 230 reads a signal from the image sensor 260 to the signal processing unit 270, and proceeds to step S100.
  • step S100 the body-side control section 230 causes the signal processing section 270 to perform predetermined image processing on the imaging pixel signal output from the imaging element 260 to generate an image for recording. Accordingly, the signal processing unit 270 performs a predetermined image processing to generate an image for recording.
  • step S110 the body-side control section 230 performs image display. That is, body-side control section 230 causes display section 290 to display the image processed by signal processing section 270 in step S100.
  • step S120 the body-side control unit 230 causes the recording unit 100 to record the file of the image processed by the signal processing unit 270.
  • step S130 body-side control section 230 determines whether or not the live view mode has ended.
  • the body-side control section 230 makes an affirmative determination in step S130, and ends the processing in FIG. If the live view mode does not end, a negative determination is made in step S130 and the process returns to step S10.
  • the end of the live view mode means a state where the power is turned off, a state where a menu is displayed on the display unit 290 by a user operation, and a state where it is not necessary to display the live view due to a transition to a sleep operation. That is.
  • the order of the display processing (S100) and the recording processing (S110) in FIG. 6 may be changed or may be performed in parallel.
  • the defocus amount is calculated in step S30, and the focusing lens is driven in step S60 after the half-press operation is performed in step S50.
  • the defocus amount is calculated in step S30.
  • the focusing lens may be driven.
  • a camera system (camera system 1) including a camera body 2 and an interchangeable lens 3 having an aperture 362 calculates a first aperture value, which is an aperture value for photographing, based on a photometric value.
  • a side control unit 230 and a body-side control unit 230 that sets a second aperture value that is a live view aperture value within an allowable aperture value range based on the first aperture value.
  • the aperture value limit range is set to an appropriate range corresponding to the brightness of the subject. Can be set.
  • the permissible range of the second aperture value is always provided on the open side with respect to the first aperture value (aperture value for photographing).
  • the aperture value limiting range is set on the side where the aperture diameter of the aperture 362 is larger than the first aperture value (open side), so that the accuracy of phase difference detection and, consequently, the accuracy of focus detection are reduced. Can be suppressed.
  • the body-side control unit 230 updates the aperture value allowable range of the second aperture value. . Further, when the set (previously calculated) second aperture value is within the updated aperture limit range, the body-side control unit 230 does not change the second aperture value. With this configuration, the frequency of driving the aperture 362 in the live view mode can be reduced.
  • the body-side control unit 230 determines that the first aperture value (aperture value for photography) newly calculated due to the change in the brightness of the subject is the second aperture value set based on the previous calculation result. If the aperture value is on the more open side, the second aperture value (the aperture value for live view) is set to be more open than the calculated first aperture value. Then, the aperture allowable range of the second aperture value is updated, and the second aperture value is reset (updated) in the updated aperture limit range.
  • the aperture value limit range is set on the opening side of the aperture 362 from the first aperture value, and the driving of the aperture 362 in the live view mode is suppressed without lowering the accuracy of focus detection accuracy. be able to.
  • the allowable aperture value of the second aperture value (aperture value for live view) is closer to the open side than the first aperture value (in the present embodiment, one step larger than the first aperture value). Side). Then, the body-side control section 230 sets the newly set second aperture value at approximately the center of the aperture value allowable range. Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is not necessary to reset (update) the second aperture value unless the brightness information of the subject increases or decreases by 0.5 or more steps in the apex value. With such a configuration, the frequency of driving the aperture 362 can be appropriately suppressed.
  • the body-side control unit 230 changes the upper and lower limits of the allowable aperture value of the second aperture value according to the information of the interchangeable lens 3. With this configuration, an appropriate value can be set according to, for example, the optical characteristics of the lens 361.
  • the information of the interchangeable lens 3 is at least one of an error allowable value based on a difference in optical characteristics between the first aperture value and the second aperture value, a shooting distance, and a shooting magnification.
  • the upper and lower limits of the aperture value limit range can be set appropriately.
  • the camera body 2 of the camera system 1 calculates a first aperture value (an aperture value for photographing) and a second aperture value (an aperture value for live view) by the body-side control unit 230, and And a body-side control unit 230 that instructs the interchangeable lens 3 to drive the aperture 362 to the aperture value.
  • the camera body 2 can perform an operation on the camera body 2 side and transmit an instruction to drive the aperture 362 to the second aperture value to the interchangeable lens 3.
  • the body-side control unit 230 sets the aperture value allowable range of the second aperture value in the autofocus mode (for example, once the shutter button is pressed halfway to focus once, the focus position is fixed while the shutter button is pressed halfway, The mode may be changed by a mode in which the focusing operation is repeatedly performed during the half-press. In the manual mode, the aperture may be controlled within the allowable range of the second aperture value.
  • the processing executed by the camera system (camera system 1) of the above-described embodiment may be configured such that the body-side control unit 230 of the camera body 2 and the lens-side control unit 330 of the interchangeable lens 3 appropriately share the processing. Good.
  • the first aperture value and the second aperture value may be calculated on the camera body side, and the driving force for driving the aperture 362 on the interchangeable lens side may be transmitted from the camera body to the interchangeable lens.
  • the body-side control unit 230 that calculates the first aperture value and the second aperture value, and the drive mechanism of the aperture 362 provided in the interchangeable lens 3A drives the aperture 362 to the second aperture value.
  • a transmission member for transmitting power to the interchangeable lens 3A With such a configuration, in the camera system, driving of the aperture 362 in the live view mode can be suppressed.
  • the camera body side may calculate the first aperture value and the second aperture value, and transmit the second aperture value from the camera body to the interchangeable lens.
  • the aperture driving unit 380 drives the aperture 362 to the second aperture value.
  • the interchangeable lens 3B includes a lens-side communication unit 340 that receives the second aperture value set by the body-side control unit 230 of the camera body 2, an aperture drive unit 380 that drives the aperture 362, and an aperture drive unit 380 A lens-side control unit 330 that instructs driving of the aperture 362 to the second aperture value received by the lens-side communication unit 340.
  • the lens control unit 330 controls the aperture 362 with the aperture value (Av value) based on the apex calculation.
  • the lens control unit 330 sets the aperture value of the interchangeable lens 3. The control may be performed by using the value of the number of steps down from the open aperture value.
  • the body-side control unit 230 of the camera body 2 calculates two aperture values of the first aperture value and the second aperture value, and exchanges them via the communication unit. Two aperture values, a first aperture value and a second aperture value, are transmitted to the lens-side control unit 330 of the lens 3.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the body-side control unit 230 may calculate only the first aperture value and transmit only the first aperture value to the lens-side control unit 330 via the communication unit.
  • the second aperture value is autonomously set by the lens-side control unit 330.
  • the lens-side control unit 330 of the interchangeable lens 3 sets the second aperture value, which is the aperture value for live view, within the allowable aperture value range based on the first aperture value received from the camera body 2.
  • the allowable aperture value of the second aperture value (the aperture value for live view) set by the lens-side control unit 330 is larger than the first aperture value (the aperture value for shooting).
  • the lens-side controller 330 of the interchangeable lens 3 compares the first aperture value transmitted from the camera body 2 with the currently set second aperture value.
  • the lens-side controller 330 sets the allowable aperture value of the second aperture value (live view aperture value) from the first aperture value (photographing aperture value). If the second aperture value that is newly set is set substantially at the center of the aperture allowable range, the brightness information of the subject does not increase or decrease by 0.5 steps or more in the apex value. It is not necessary to reset (update) the second aperture value.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Exposure Control For Cameras (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)
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PCT/JP2019/028307 2018-07-18 2019-07-18 撮像装置 WO2020017597A1 (ja)

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JP2023131014A JP7586248B2 (ja) 2018-07-18 2023-08-10 撮像装置
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02151843A (ja) * 1988-12-05 1990-06-11 Canon Inc 電子スチルカメラ
JPH1020358A (ja) * 1996-06-28 1998-01-23 Ricoh Co Ltd 絞り制御装置
JP2004056699A (ja) * 2002-07-24 2004-02-19 Kyocera Corp 動画撮影機能付きカメラ
JP2010192991A (ja) * 2009-02-16 2010-09-02 Canon Inc 撮像装置、制御方法、及びプログラム
JP2017143423A (ja) * 2016-02-10 2017-08-17 オリンパス株式会社 カメラ

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5906626B2 (ja) * 2011-09-16 2016-04-20 株式会社ニコン 絞り制御装置及び撮像装置
JP6989018B2 (ja) * 2018-07-18 2022-01-05 株式会社ニコン 撮像装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH02151843A (ja) * 1988-12-05 1990-06-11 Canon Inc 電子スチルカメラ
JPH1020358A (ja) * 1996-06-28 1998-01-23 Ricoh Co Ltd 絞り制御装置
JP2004056699A (ja) * 2002-07-24 2004-02-19 Kyocera Corp 動画撮影機能付きカメラ
JP2010192991A (ja) * 2009-02-16 2010-09-02 Canon Inc 撮像装置、制御方法、及びプログラム
JP2017143423A (ja) * 2016-02-10 2017-08-17 オリンパス株式会社 カメラ

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