WO2020015658A1 - 一种波浪发电机组、波浪发电装置及其波浪发电模块 - Google Patents

一种波浪发电机组、波浪发电装置及其波浪发电模块 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020015658A1
WO2020015658A1 PCT/CN2019/096218 CN2019096218W WO2020015658A1 WO 2020015658 A1 WO2020015658 A1 WO 2020015658A1 CN 2019096218 W CN2019096218 W CN 2019096218W WO 2020015658 A1 WO2020015658 A1 WO 2020015658A1
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Prior art keywords
power generation
generator
wave power
generation module
wave
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PCT/CN2019/096218
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李广明
李一帆
李玉玺
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李广明
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Publication of WO2020015658A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020015658A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for generating power by using waves, and particularly relates to a wave generating set, a wave generating device, and a wave generating module thereof.
  • Application number 201710936343.2 the name is a power generation module and a power generation device and a generator set using the power generation module, the application number is 201710937005.0, the name is a power generation module, and a wave power generation device and a generator set using the power generation module, apply
  • the Chinese patent No. 201720232792.4 the name is a percussion wave power generation device, and the application No. 201720231743.9, the name is a swing percussion wave power generation device, all disclose the technology of using wave energy for power generation.
  • the wave power generating devices disclosed in the four patent documents all include an impact track, and an impact member is installed on the impact track.
  • a power generating unit is provided at the end of the impact track.
  • the wave power device When the wave power device is oscillated by the impact of the wave, the impact member moves along the impact.
  • the track moves back and forth to drive the power generation unit to generate electricity through its linear motion.
  • the impact member hits the transmission mechanism of the power generation unit.
  • the transmission mechanism converts the linear motion of the impact member into a rotary motion.
  • the transmission mechanism receives the impact of the impact member through the impacted part, and moves back away from the impacted part when the impact member moves back. At the time, it is reset by the return spring.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a wave power generation module with high energy conversion rate and low maintenance rate; at the same time, the present invention also provides a wave power generator set and a wave power generation device including the wave power generation module.
  • the wave power generation module of the present invention includes a floating body, and a linear guide is fixedly arranged relatively to the floating body.
  • a linear weight is guided and installed on the linear guide.
  • the linear guide moves back and forth.
  • At least one end of the linear guide is provided with a power generating unit.
  • the power generating unit includes a generator.
  • a transmission member is connected to the weight block.
  • the transmission member is drivingly connected to the input end of the generator.
  • the block moves linearly along the track, and the transmission member moves in a straight line and transmits the power to the generator for the generator to generate electricity.
  • the weight block of the wave power generation module of the present invention is directly connected to the transmission member, and the power is transmitted to the generator through the transmission member during the reciprocating movement for the generator to generate power, so that the kinetic energy transmitted by the wave to the weight block can be more
  • the conversion into electrical energy improves the efficiency of energy conversion, and does not require the spring to be replaced due to the limited service life of the spring, reducing maintenance and use costs.
  • the generator may be in various forms.
  • the power generating unit further includes a transmission mechanism.
  • the transmission mechanism is connected to the transmission member and converts the linear motion of the weight block into a rotational motion and transmits it to the rotary power generator. machine.
  • the transmission mechanism is a hydraulic transmission mechanism including a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic motor drivingly connected to the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the transmission member is drivingly connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the hydraulic motor is connected in series to the hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic cylinder and generates electricity with rotation.
  • the transmission mechanism is a pneumatic transmission mechanism including a cylinder and a pneumatic motor connected to the cylinder; the transmission member is drivingly connected to the piston rod of the cylinder; the pneumatic motor is connected in series to the pneumatic circuit of the cylinder and rotates The input end of the generator is drivingly connected; or the transmission mechanism is a mechanical transmission mechanism including a rack and pinion mechanism, and the gears of the rack and pinion mechanism are drivingly connected to the rotary generator.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a speed-increasing gear set provided on a transmission path from the counterweight to the rotary generator, and the speed of the rotary generator can be increased by the speed-increasing gear set to improve power generation efficiency.
  • the generator is a linear generator, and the transmission member is drivingly connected to the linear motion input end of the linear generator; or the generator is a piezoelectric generator, and the transmission member is drivingly connected to the pressure transmitting input end of the piezoelectric generator .
  • the cooperation between the weight and the linear guide can also be in the following two ways:
  • the weight and the linear guide can ensure normal relative movement, so that the linear guide and the weight can be limited in the plane perpendicular to the guide direction.
  • the wave power generating device of the present invention includes a frame body connected to the ground, and a wave power generation module is articulatedly mounted on the frame body.
  • the wave power generation module includes a floating body, and a linear guide rail is fixedly arranged opposite to the floating body.
  • the weight can move back and forth along the linear guide under the action of inertia.
  • At least one end of the linear guide is provided with a power generating unit.
  • the power generating unit includes a generator, and the weight is connected with a transmission member The transmission member is drivingly connected to the input end of the generator.
  • the weight block of the wave power generation module of the present invention is directly connected to the transmission member, and the power is transmitted to the generator through the transmission member during the reciprocating movement for the generator to generate power, so that the kinetic energy transmitted by the wave to the weight block can be more
  • the conversion into electrical energy improves the efficiency of energy conversion, and does not require the spring to be replaced due to the limited service life of the spring, reducing maintenance and use costs.
  • the generator may be in various forms.
  • the power generating unit further includes a transmission mechanism.
  • the transmission mechanism is connected to the transmission member and converts the linear motion of the weight block into a rotational motion and transmits it to the rotary power generator. machine.
  • the transmission mechanism is a hydraulic transmission mechanism including a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic motor drivingly connected to the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the transmission member is drivingly connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the hydraulic motor is connected in series to the hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic cylinder and generates electricity with rotation.
  • the transmission mechanism is a pneumatic transmission mechanism including a cylinder and a pneumatic motor connected to the cylinder; the transmission member is drivingly connected to the piston rod of the cylinder; the pneumatic motor is connected in series to the pneumatic circuit of the cylinder and rotates The input end of the generator is drivingly connected; or the transmission mechanism is a mechanical transmission mechanism including a rack and pinion mechanism, and the gears of the rack and pinion mechanism are drivingly connected to the rotary generator.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a speed-increasing gear set provided on a transmission path from the counterweight to the rotary generator, and the speed of the rotary generator can be increased by the speed-increasing gear set to improve power generation efficiency.
  • the generator is a linear generator, and the transmission member is drivingly connected to the linear motion input end of the linear generator; or the generator is a piezoelectric generator, and the transmission member is drivingly connected to the pressure transmitting input end of the piezoelectric generator .
  • the cooperation between the weight and the linear guide can also be in the following two ways:
  • the weight and the linear guide can ensure normal relative movement, so that the linear guide and the weight can be limited in the plane perpendicular to the guide direction.
  • the wave generator set of the present invention includes at least two interconnected wave power generation modules, at least one of each wave power generation module is connected to the ground.
  • the wave power generation module includes a floating body, and a linear guide rail is relatively fixedly provided with the floating body.
  • the linear guide rail is guided on the linear guide rail.
  • a weight block is installed. When the floating body is swayed by the impact of the wave, the weight block can move back and forth along the linear guide under the action of inertia.
  • At least one end of the linear guide is provided with a power generating unit.
  • the power generating unit includes a generator and a weight block.
  • a transmission member is connected to the transmission member.
  • the transmission member is drivingly connected to the input end of the generator.
  • the weight moves linearly along the track.
  • the transmission member moves linearly and transmits power to the generator for the generator to generate electricity.
  • the weight block of the wave power generation module of the present invention is directly connected to the transmission member, and the power is transmitted to the generator through the transmission member during the reciprocating movement for the generator to generate power, so that the kinetic energy transmitted by the wave to the weight block can be more
  • the conversion into electrical energy improves the efficiency of energy conversion, and does not require the spring to be replaced due to the limited service life of the spring, reducing maintenance and use costs.
  • the generator may be in various forms.
  • the power generating unit further includes a transmission mechanism.
  • the transmission mechanism is connected to the transmission member and converts the linear motion of the weight block into a rotational motion and transmits it to the rotary power generator. machine.
  • the transmission mechanism is a hydraulic transmission mechanism including a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic motor drivingly connected to the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the transmission member is drivingly connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the hydraulic motor is connected in series to the hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic cylinder and generates electricity with rotation.
  • the transmission mechanism is a pneumatic transmission mechanism including a cylinder and a pneumatic motor connected to the cylinder; the transmission member is drivingly connected to the piston rod of the cylinder; the pneumatic motor is connected in series to the pneumatic circuit of the cylinder and rotates The input end of the generator is drivingly connected; or the transmission mechanism is a mechanical transmission mechanism including a rack and pinion mechanism, and the gears of the rack and pinion mechanism are drivingly connected to the rotary generator.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a speed-increasing gear set provided on a transmission path from the counterweight to the rotary generator, and the speed of the rotary generator can be increased by the speed-increasing gear set to improve power generation efficiency.
  • the generator is a linear generator, and the transmission member is drivingly connected to the linear motion input end of the linear generator; or the generator is a piezoelectric generator, and the transmission member is drivingly connected to the pressure transmitting input end of the piezoelectric generator .
  • the cooperation between the weight and the linear guide can also be in the following two ways:
  • the weight and the linear guide can ensure normal relative movement, so that the linear guide and the weight can be limited in the plane perpendicular to the guide direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a wave power generating device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a wave generator set according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a wave generator set according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a wave power generation module according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a wave power module according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of a wave power module according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth embodiment of a wave power module of the present invention (no floating body is shown);
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth embodiment of a wave power generation module of the present invention (a floating body is not shown).
  • the wave power generating device includes a frame body 1 fixed on the coast.
  • the frame body 1 includes two vertical rods that are vertically fixed on the sea floor and two vertical rods. They are arranged at intervals, and the upper ends of the vertical rods are connected by a horizontally arranged link to form a portal frame.
  • a mounting rod 11 is installed in the middle of the door frame, and both ends of the mounting rod 11 are guided in a vertical direction through a slip ring to be assembled on two vertical rods.
  • the upper part of the wave power generation module 11 is hingedly mounted on the mounting rod 11 and the waves
  • the power generating module 10 will be driven by the wave to swing around the mounting rod 11, so that the power generating mechanism in the wave power generating module 10 is provided with kinetic energy for generating power.
  • the wave generator set includes a plurality of wave power generation modules 10, and a plurality of wave power generation modules are connected by a connection member 41 of a soft connection structure to make the wave power generation module Relative activity between 10 is more flexible.
  • the power generating unit is connected to the subsea ground through the pull wires 40 connected at the ends.
  • Each wave power generation module can swing freely under the impact of waves, thereby achieving power generation.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 show several different structures of the wave power generation device and the wave power generation module included in the wave power generating set.
  • the first embodiment of the wave power generation module includes a crescent-shaped floating body, and a guide rod 30 is fixedly arranged in the floating body.
  • a weight 31 is mounted on the guide rod 30 to slide and slide on the guide rod 30. Both are provided with a power generation mechanism, and the power generation mechanism includes a mechanical transmission mechanism and a rotary generator 22.
  • the mechanical transmission mechanism includes a rack and pinion mechanism and a speed-increasing gear set 24.
  • the two sides of the weight block 31 are respectively connected with a transmission member 32.
  • the transmission member 32 is fixedly connected to the rack of the rack and pinion mechanism.
  • the rack is drivingly connected to the rotary generator 22 through a speed-increasing gear set and increases the rotation speed of the rotary generator 22. .
  • the second embodiment of the wave power generation module includes a crescent-shaped floating body, and a guiding rod 30 is fixedly arranged in the floating body.
  • a weight 31 is mounted on the guiding rod 30 in a sliding manner, and two ends of the guiding rod 30
  • Each is provided with a power generation mechanism, and the power generation mechanism includes a hydraulic transmission mechanism and a rotary generator 22.
  • the hydraulic transmission mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder 20 and a hydraulic motor 21.
  • the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 20 is connected to the weight 31 via a transmission member 32.
  • the hydraulic motor 21 is connected in series to the oil circuit of the hydraulic cylinder 20, and when the piston rod is reciprocated by the weight 31, the hydraulic motor 21 can be rotated by the flowing hydraulic oil in the oil circuit, and the rotation of the hydraulic motor drives the rotary generator 22 Turn and generate electricity.
  • an embodiment of the third wave power generation module includes a crescent-shaped floating body, and a guide cylinder 33 is fixedly arranged in the floating body.
  • a spherical weight 31 is slidably installed in the guide cylinder 33, and the floating body is waved. When swinging under impact, the spherical weight 31 can reciprocate within the guide cylinder 33 under the action of inertia.
  • Both ends of the guide cylinder 33 are provided with a power generation mechanism, and the power generation mechanism includes a mechanical transmission mechanism and a rotary generator 22.
  • the mechanical transmission mechanism includes a rack and pinion mechanism and a speed-increasing gear set 24.
  • the two sides of the weight block 31 are respectively connected with a transmission member 32.
  • the transmission member 32 is fixedly connected to the rack of the rack and pinion mechanism.
  • the rack is drivingly connected to the rotary generator 22 through a speed-increasing gear set and increases the rotation speed of the rotary generator 22. .
  • the fourth embodiment of the wave power generation module includes a floating body (not shown in the figure), a guide rod 30 is fixedly arranged in the floating body, and a weight 31 is mounted on the guide rod 30 in a sliding manner.
  • a power generation mechanism is provided at the center of the side of the guide rod 30.
  • the power generation mechanism includes a mechanical transmission mechanism and a rotary generator 22.
  • the mechanical transmission mechanism includes a rack and pinion mechanism and a speed-increasing gear set 24.
  • a transmission member 32 is connected to a side of the weight block 31 parallel to the guide rod 30.
  • the transmission member 32 is fixedly connected to the rack of the rack and pinion mechanism.
  • the rack is drivingly connected to the rotary generator 22 through the speed increasing gear set 24 and lifted.
  • the rotation speed of the rotary generator 22 Compared with the first embodiment, the scheme of setting the power generation mechanism at the middle position of the guide rod shortens the size of the entire module in the length direction of the guide rod.
  • the fifth embodiment of the wave power generation module includes a floating body (not shown in the figure), and a guiding rod 30 is fixedly arranged in the floating body.
  • a power generation mechanism is provided in the middle of the side of 30.
  • the power generation mechanism includes a hydraulic transmission mechanism and a rotary generator 22.
  • the hydraulic transmission mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder 20 and a hydraulic motor 21.
  • the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 20 is connected to the weight 31 via a U-shaped transmission member 32.
  • the hydraulic motor 21 is connected in series to the oil circuit of the hydraulic cylinder 20, and when the piston rod is reciprocated by the weight 31, the hydraulic motor 21 can be rotated by the flowing hydraulic oil in the oil circuit, and the rotation of the hydraulic motor drives the rotary generator 22 Turn and generate electricity.
  • the scheme of setting the power generation mechanism at the middle position of the guide rod shortens the size of the entire module in the length direction of the guide rod.
  • the wave power generation module is not limited to the five embodiments listed above.
  • the wave power generation module is different from the above embodiments in that it includes a closed box 400, and linear guide rails, weight blocks, and power generation units are located in In the closed box 400, the floating body 10 is fixed at both ends of the closed box 400 and is supported by the floating body 10.
  • the generator is a linear generator, and at this time, the transmission member is drivingly connected to the linear motion input end of the linear generator; or, the generator is a piezoelectric generator, and the transmission member is connected to the piezoelectric generator. Pressure input drive connection.
  • the linear guide for guiding the weight block may include more than four guide rods, and the guide rods are arranged on the four sides of the weight block to form a guide movement space for the weight block to move in the middle thereof;
  • the guide member is a dovetail-shaped slider
  • the counterweight block is provided with a dovetail-shaped chute, and the guide and the weight block are guided by the dovetail-shaped slider and the chute, and are limited in a plane perpendicular to the guide direction.
  • the transmission mechanism may be a pneumatic transmission mechanism, that is, the hydraulic oil used as a transmission medium in the structure shown in FIG. 5 may be replaced with a gas.
  • the linear guide, the counterweight, the transmission mechanism, and the power generating unit may be disposed in a closed box, and the closed box is installed on the floating body. When the closed box is completely closed, the floating body may not be closed.
  • the two vertical bars in the portal frame may be vertically or obliquely disposed.
  • Two mounting rods can be set at intervals.
  • the upper mounting rod can prevent the floating body from swinging too far and turning over.
  • an overrunning clutch may or may not be provided in the mechanical transmission mechanism (rack and rack mechanism).
  • power can be generated by using the rack to move back and forth.
  • Rotary generators rotate forward and reverse.
  • Rotary generators generate currents with different phases.
  • corresponding electrical components are set in the generator's circuit, and the current is processed by electrical methods for use.
  • the generator circuit is directly connected to a purely resistive electrical appliance such as a tungsten filament lamp at this time, there is no need to convert the current and it can be used directly.
  • the power generation mechanism includes a pneumatic motor, and a plunger pump is connected in series on a pneumatic circuit connected to the air motor.
  • the mechanical transmission mechanism included in the power generation mechanism is a rack and pinion mechanism, and the wheel shaft of the gear of the rack and pinion mechanism can pass a crank
  • the transmission is connected to a plunger pump, and when the gear is rotating, the plunger pump is used to supply air to the air motor to generate power from the air motor.
  • the pump and the power generation mechanism include a mechanical transmission mechanism which is a rack and pinion mechanism.
  • the wheel of the gear of the rack and pinion mechanism can be connected to the plunger pump through a crank transmission, and when the gear rotates, the plunger pump supplies liquid to the hydraulic motor for liquid supply. Moving motor generates electricity.
  • the linear guide may guide the weight block through a guide groove, and a rolling body such as a steel ball or a roller may be provided between the guide groove and the mating surface of the weight block.
  • the structural adaptability of the linear guide may be changed, which is not specifically limited here.
  • the power generating unit may be provided only at one end of the linear guide. .
  • the weight block is drivingly connected to the power generating unit through a transmission member, and the arrangement of springs in the prior art is eliminated, such as various shapes of floating bodies, structural forms of transmission mechanisms, and engine Types, wave power generation devices, and many different configurations of wave power generators. It has been disclosed in the Chinese patents with the application numbers of 201710936343.2, 201710937005.0, 201720232792.4, and 201720231743.9, which are cited in the background technology, which are prior art and will not be described in detail here.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种波浪发电机组、波浪发电装置及其波浪发电模块（10），波浪发电模块（10）包括漂浮体，与漂浮体相对固定设置有直线导轨，直线导轨上导向安装有配重块（31），在漂浮体受到波浪的冲击而摆动时，配重块（31）能够在惯性作用下沿直线导轨来回移动，直线导轨的至少一端设置有发电单元，发电单元包括旋转发电机（22），配重块（31）上连接有传动件（32），传动件（32）与旋转发电机（22）的输入端传动连接，在漂浮体受波浪冲击时配重块（31）沿轨道直线移动，传动件（32）直线动作并传递给旋转发电机（22）动力进行发电。

Description

一种波浪发电机组、波浪发电装置及其波浪发电模块 技术领域
本发明涉及利用波浪发电的设备，尤其涉及波浪发电机组、波浪发电装置及其波浪发电模块。
背景技术
随着矿藏资源的逐渐匮乏，新能源的利用越来越多，例如太阳能、风能、潮汐能、波浪能等。申请号为201710936343.2、名称为一种发电模组及使用该发电模组的发电装置、发电机组，申请号为201710937005.0、名称为发电模组及使用该发电模组的波浪发电装置、发电机组，申请号为201720232792.4、名称为一种撞击式波浪发电装置以及申请号为201720231743.9、名称为摆动撞击式波浪发电装置的中国专利均公开了利用波浪能进行发电的技术。该四篇专利文件中公开的波浪发电装置均包括撞击轨道，撞击轨道上安装有撞击件，撞击轨道的端部设有发电单元，在波浪发电装置受到波浪的冲击而摆动时，撞击件沿撞击轨道来回移动从而通过其直线动作带动发电单元发电。在这个过程中，撞击件撞击发电单元的传动机构，传动机构将撞击件的直线动作转化为旋转动作，传动机构通过受撞部接收撞击件的撞击，且在撞击件往回移动离开受撞部时，通过复位弹簧复位。
这两种发电装置由于需要复位弹簧提供给受撞部作用力使受撞部复位，那么在撞击件撞击受撞部时，撞击件的动能将会有一部分被复位弹簧吸收，并没有转化为最终所希望得到的电能，因此，能量转化效率较低。此外，由于这种发电装置布置在海上，维修更换十分不便，而弹簧的压缩次数有限，使用寿命较短，增大了发电装置的维护和使用成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种能量转化率高、维修率低的波浪发电模块；同时，本发明还提供了包含该波浪发电模块的波浪发电机组和波浪发电装置。
本发明的波浪发电模块包括漂浮体，与漂浮体相对固定设置有直线导轨，直线导轨上导向安装有配重块，在漂浮体受到波浪的冲击而摆动时，配重块能够在 惯性作用下沿直线导轨来回移动，直线导轨的至少一端设置有发电单元，发电单元包括发电机，配重块上连接有传动件，传动件与发电机的输入端传动连接，在漂浮体受波浪冲击时配重块沿轨道直线移动，传动件直线动作并传递给发电机动力以供发电机发电。
本发明的波浪发电模块的配重块与传动件直接连接，且在往复移动过程中通过传动件传递给发电机动力以供发电机发电，这样由波浪传递给配重块的动能能够更多的转化为电能，提高了能量转化的效率，而且也不会因为弹簧的使用寿命有限导致需要更换弹簧，降低了维护和使用成本。
具体地，发电机可以为多种形式，比如在发电机为旋转发电机时，发电单元还包括传动机构，传动机构与传动件连接并将配重块的直线动作转化为旋转动作传递给旋转发电机。此时，所述传动机构为包含液压缸和与液压缸传动连接的液压马达的液压传动机构，传动件与液压缸的活塞杆传动连接，液压马达串接在液压缸的油路上并与旋转发电机的输入端传动连接；或者所述传动机构为包含气缸和与气缸传动连接的气压马达的气压传动机构，传动件与气缸的活塞杆传动连接，气压马达串接在气缸的气路上并与旋转发电机的输入端传动连接；或者传动机构为包含齿轮齿条机构的机械传动机构，齿轮齿条机构的齿轮与旋转发电机传动连接。
进一步地，所述传动机构包括设置在从配重块到旋转发电机的传动路径上的增速齿轮组，通过增速齿轮组能够提高旋转发电机的转速，提升发电效率。
或者，所述发电机为直线发电机，传动件与直线发电机的直线动作输入端传动连接；或者所述发电机为压电发电机，传动件与压电发电机的传压输入端传动连接。
配重块与直线导轨之间的配合也可以有以下两种方式：
1、所述配重块与直线导轨导向滑动配合；2、所述配重块与直线导轨之间通过滚动体实现相对移动。
此外，由于海上环境恶劣，为了保证不管漂浮体是何种状态，配重块与直线导轨均能保证正常的相对移动，可使直线导轨与配重块在垂直于导向方向的平面内限位配合。
本发明的波浪发电装置包括与地面相连的架体，架体上铰接安装有波浪发电 模块，波浪发电模块包括漂浮体，与漂浮体相对固定设置有直线导轨，直线导轨上导向安装有配重块，在漂浮体受到波浪的冲击而摆动时，配重块能够在惯性作用下沿直线导轨来回移动，直线导轨的至少一端设置有发电单元，发电单元包括发电机，配重块上连接有传动件，传动件与发电机的输入端传动连接，在漂浮体受波浪冲击时配重块沿轨道直线移动，传动件直线动作并传递给发电机动力以供发电机发电。
本发明的波浪发电模块的配重块与传动件直接连接，且在往复移动过程中通过传动件传递给发电机动力以供发电机发电，这样由波浪传递给配重块的动能能够更多的转化为电能，提高了能量转化的效率，而且也不会因为弹簧的使用寿命有限导致需要更换弹簧，降低了维护和使用成本。
具体地，发电机可以为多种形式，比如在发电机为旋转发电机时，发电单元还包括传动机构，传动机构与传动件连接并将配重块的直线动作转化为旋转动作传递给旋转发电机。此时，所述传动机构为包含液压缸和与液压缸传动连接的液压马达的液压传动机构，传动件与液压缸的活塞杆传动连接，液压马达串接在液压缸的油路上并与旋转发电机的输入端传动连接；或者所述传动机构为包含气缸和与气缸传动连接的气压马达的气压传动机构，传动件与气缸的活塞杆传动连接，气压马达串接在气缸的气路上并与旋转发电机的输入端传动连接；或者传动机构为包含齿轮齿条机构的机械传动机构，齿轮齿条机构的齿轮与旋转发电机传动连接。
进一步地，所述传动机构包括设置在从配重块到旋转发电机的传动路径上的增速齿轮组，通过增速齿轮组能够提高旋转发电机的转速，提升发电效率。
或者，所述发电机为直线发电机，传动件与直线发电机的直线动作输入端传动连接；或者所述发电机为压电发电机，传动件与压电发电机的传压输入端传动连接。
配重块与直线导轨之间的配合也可以有以下两种方式：
1、所述配重块与直线导轨导向滑动配合；2、所述配重块与直线导轨之间通过滚动体实现相对移动。
此外，由于海上环境恶劣，为了保证不管漂浮体是何种状态，配重块与直线导轨均能保证正常的相对移动，可使直线导轨与配重块在垂直于导向方向的平面 内限位配合。
本发明的波浪发电机组包括至少两个相互连接的波浪发电模块，各个波浪发电模块中至少有一个与地面相连，波浪发电模块包括漂浮体，与漂浮体相对固定设置有直线导轨，直线导轨上导向安装有配重块，在漂浮体受到波浪的冲击而摆动时，配重块能够在惯性作用下沿直线导轨来回移动，直线导轨的至少一端设置有发电单元，发电单元包括发电机，配重块上连接有传动件，传动件与发电机的输入端传动连接，在漂浮体受波浪冲击时配重块沿轨道直线移动，传动件直线动作并传递给发电机动力以供发电机发电。
本发明的波浪发电模块的配重块与传动件直接连接，且在往复移动过程中通过传动件传递给发电机动力以供发电机发电，这样由波浪传递给配重块的动能能够更多的转化为电能，提高了能量转化的效率，而且也不会因为弹簧的使用寿命有限导致需要更换弹簧，降低了维护和使用成本。
具体地，发电机可以为多种形式，比如在发电机为旋转发电机时，发电单元还包括传动机构，传动机构与传动件连接并将配重块的直线动作转化为旋转动作传递给旋转发电机。此时，所述传动机构为包含液压缸和与液压缸传动连接的液压马达的液压传动机构，传动件与液压缸的活塞杆传动连接，液压马达串接在液压缸的油路上并与旋转发电机的输入端传动连接；或者所述传动机构为包含气缸和与气缸传动连接的气压马达的气压传动机构，传动件与气缸的活塞杆传动连接，气压马达串接在气缸的气路上并与旋转发电机的输入端传动连接；或者传动机构为包含齿轮齿条机构的机械传动机构，齿轮齿条机构的齿轮与旋转发电机传动连接。
进一步地，所述传动机构包括设置在从配重块到旋转发电机的传动路径上的增速齿轮组，通过增速齿轮组能够提高旋转发电机的转速，提升发电效率。
或者，所述发电机为直线发电机，传动件与直线发电机的直线动作输入端传动连接；或者所述发电机为压电发电机，传动件与压电发电机的传压输入端传动连接。
配重块与直线导轨之间的配合也可以有以下两种方式：
1、所述配重块与直线导轨导向滑动配合；2、所述配重块与直线导轨之间通过滚动体实现相对移动。
此外，由于海上环境恶劣，为了保证不管漂浮体是何种状态，配重块与直线导轨均能保证正常的相对移动，可使直线导轨与配重块在垂直于导向方向的平面内限位配合。
附图说明
图1为本发明的波浪发电装置的实施例的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的波浪发电机组的第一种实施例的结构示意图；
图3为本发明的波浪发电机组的另一种实施例的结构示意图；
图4为本发明的波浪发电模块的第一种实施例的结构示意图；
图5为本发明的波浪发电模块的第二种实施例的结构示意图；
图6为本发明的波浪发电模块的第三种实施例的结构示意图；
图7为本发明的波浪发电模块的第四种实施例的结构示意图(未显示漂浮体)；
图8为本发明的波浪发电模块的第五种实施例的结构示意图(未显示漂浮体)。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的实施方式作进一步说明。
本发明的波浪发电装置的实施例，如图1所示，波浪发电装置包括固定在海岸边的架体1，架体1包括两根竖直固定在海底地面上的竖杆，两根竖杆间隔设置，竖杆的上端通过一根横向设置的连杆连接构成门式框架。门式框架的中部安装有安装杆11，安装杆11的两端均通过滑环沿竖向方向导向移动装配在两根竖杆上，波浪发电模块11的上部铰接安装在安装杆11上，波浪发电模块10会受到波浪的推动而绕安装杆11摆动，这样就给波浪发电模块10中的发电机构提供了用以发电的动能。
本发明的波浪发电机组的实施例，如图2所示，波浪发电机组包括多个波浪发电模块10，多个波浪发电模块之间采用软连接结构的连接件41活动连接，以使波浪发电模块10之间的相对活动更加灵活。波浪发电机组的各波浪发电单元相连后，通过连接在首尾的拉线40将发电机组与海底地面连接。各个波浪发电模块受到波浪的冲击能够自由摆动，从而实现发电。
具体地，图4～6示出了以上的波浪发电装置和波浪发电机组中所包含的波浪 发电模块的几种不同结构。
如图4所示，第一种波浪发电模块的实施例：包括月牙形漂浮体，漂浮体内固定设置有导向杆30，导向杆30上导向滑动安装有配重块31，导向杆30的两端均设置有发电机构，发电机构包括机械传动机构以及旋转发电机22。机械传动机构包括齿轮齿条机构以及增速齿轮组24。配重块31的两侧分别连接有传动件32，传动件32与齿轮齿条机构的齿条固连，齿条通过增速齿轮组与旋转发电机22传动连接并提升旋转发电机22的转速。具体地，导向杆30有四根，保证了配重块沿其滑动时的稳定性，并能够在垂直于导向方向上对配重块进行限位。
如图5所示，第二种波浪发电模块的实施例：包括月牙形漂浮体，漂浮体内固定设有导向杆30，导向杆30上导向滑动安装有配重块31，导向杆30的两端均设置有发电机构，发电机构包括液压传动机构以及旋转发电机22。液压传动机构包括液压缸20以及液压马达21，液压缸20的活塞杆通过传动件32与配重块31连接。液压马达21串接在液压缸20的油路上，且在配重块31带动活塞杆往复移动时，液压马达21能够被油路中的流动液压油带动旋转，液压马达的旋转带动旋转发电机22转动并进行发电。
如图6所示，第三种波浪发电模块的实施例：包括月牙形漂浮体，漂浮体内固定设有导向筒33，导向筒33内导向滑动安装有球形配重块31，在漂浮体被波浪冲击而摆动时，球形配重块31能够在惯性的作用下在导向筒33内往复移动。导向筒33的两端均设置有发电机构，发电机构包括机械传动机构以及旋转发电机22。机械传动机构包括齿轮齿条机构以及增速齿轮组24。配重块31的两侧分别连接有传动件32，传动件32与齿轮齿条机构的齿条固连，齿条通过增速齿轮组与旋转发电机22传动连接并提升旋转发电机22的转速。
如图7所示，第四种波浪发电模块的实施例：包括漂浮体(图中未显示)，漂浮体内固定设有导向杆30，导向杆30上导向滑动安装有配重块31，在漂浮体被波浪冲击而摆动时，配重块31能够在惯性的作用下在导向杆30上往复移动。导向杆30旁侧中部位置设置有发电机构，发电机构包括机械传动机构以及旋转发电机22。机械传动机构包括齿轮齿条机构以及增速齿轮组24。配重块31的平行于导向杆30的一侧面连接有传动件32，传动件32与齿轮齿条机构的齿条固连，齿条通过增速齿轮组24与旋转发电机22传动连接并提升旋转发电机22的 转速。这种将发电机构设置于导向杆的中部位置的方案，相比于第一种实施例缩短了整个模块在导向杆的长度方向的尺寸。
如图8所示，第五种波浪发电模块的实施例：包括漂浮体(图中未显示)，漂浮体内固定设有导向杆30，导向杆30上导向滑动安装有配重块31，导向杆30的旁侧中部设置有发电机构，发电机构包括液压传动机构以及旋转发电机22。液压传动机构包括液压缸20以及液压马达21，液压缸20的活塞杆通过U形传动件32与配重块31连接。液压马达21串接在液压缸20的油路上，且在配重块31带动活塞杆往复移动时，液压马达21能够被油路中的流动液压油带动旋转，液压马达的旋转带动旋转发电机22转动并进行发电。这种将发电机构设置于导向杆的中部位置的方案，相比于第二种实施例缩短了整个模块在导向杆的长度方向的尺寸。
当然，波浪发电模块并不仅限于上述所列举的五种实施方式。
如图3所示的另一种波浪发电机组的实施例中，波浪发电模块与上述的几种实施例的不同之处在于其包括封闭箱体400，直线导轨、配重块以及发电单元均位于封闭箱体400内，封闭箱体400的两端固定有漂浮体10，并被漂浮体10所支撑。
或者在其他实施方式中，发电机为直线发电机，此时，传动件与直线发电机的直线动作输入端传动连接；或者，发电机为压电发电机，传动件与压电发电机的传压输入端传动连接。
在其他实施方式中，用于对配重块导向的直线导轨可以包括四根以上的导向杆，导向杆围设在配重块的四面而在其中部形成供配重块移动的导向移动空间；或者，导向件为燕尾形滑块，配重块上设有燕尾形滑槽，导向件与配重块通过燕尾形滑块和滑槽实现导向，且在垂直于导向方向的平面内限位。
在其他实施方式中，传动机构也可以为气压传动机构，即将图5所示的结构中作为传动介质的液压油替换为气体即可。
在其他实施方式中，直线导轨、配重、传动机构、发电单元也可以设置在封闭箱体内，封闭箱体安装在漂浮体上。当封闭箱体完全封闭时，漂浮体可以不封闭。
在其他实施方式中，门式框架中两根竖杆可以竖直设置也可以倾斜设置。安 装杆可以间隔设置两个，上面的安装杆可以阻挡漂浮体摆动角度过大而翻过去。
在其他实施方式中，机械传动机构(齿轮齿条机构)中可以设置超越离合器，也可以不设置超越离合器。当不设置超越离合器时，利用齿条来回运动都可以发电。旋转发电机出现正转和反转，旋转发电机会产生相位不同的电流，此时在发电机的电路中设置相应的电器件，通过电学方法对电流进行处理以便使用。当然，如果此时发电机电路直接连接的是纯电阻类的用电器比如钨丝灯时，就不需要对电流进行转换而可以直接使用。
或者在其他实施方式中，发电机构包括气动马达，气动马达连接的气路上串接有柱塞泵，发电机构包括的机械传动机构为齿轮齿条机构，齿轮齿条机构的齿轮的轮轴可以通过曲柄传动连接柱塞泵，且在齿轮转动时通过柱塞泵向气动马达输气以供气动马达发电；再或者，发电机构包括液动马达、油箱，液动马达连接的液路上串接有柱塞泵，发电机构包括的机械传动机构为齿轮齿条机构，齿轮齿条机构的齿轮的轮轴可以通过曲柄传动连接柱塞泵，且在齿轮转动时通过柱塞泵向液动马达供液以供液动马达发电。
在其他实施方式中，直线导轨可以通过导向槽对配重块进行导向，导向槽和配重块的配合面之间可以设置诸如钢珠、滚轮的滚动体，通过滚动体能够起到配重块和导向件之间减小摩擦的效果，减小能力损耗。
当然，配重块的形状可以有多种，相应地，直线导轨的结构适应性的改变即可，此处不做具体限定；在其他实施方式中，也可以仅在直线导轨的一端设置发电单元。
需要特别说明的是，本发明的主要发明构思在于配重块通过传动件与发电单元传动连接，取消现有技术中弹簧的设置，诸如漂浮体的多种形状、传动机构的结构形式、发动机的类型、波浪发电装置以及波浪发电机组的多种不同构型。已在背景技术所引证的申请号为201710936343.2、201710937005.0、201720232792.4以及201720231743.9的中国专利中公开，已为现有技术，此处不再进行详细描述。

Claims (10)

  1. 波浪发电模块，其特征是，包括漂浮体，与漂浮体相对固定设置有直线导轨，直线导轨上导向安装有配重块，在漂浮体受到波浪的冲击而摆动时，配重块能够在惯性作用下沿直线导轨来回移动，直线导轨的至少一端或者中部位置、中部附件位置设置有发电单元，发电单元包括发电机，配重块上连接有传动件，传动件与发电机的输入端传动连接，在漂浮体受波浪冲击时配重块沿轨道直线移动，传动件直线动作并传递给发电机动力以供发电机发电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的波浪发电模块，其特征是，所述发电机为旋转发电机，发电单元还包括传动机构，传动机构与传动件连接并将配重块的直线动作转化为旋转动作传递给旋转发电机。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的波浪发电模块，其特征是，所述传动机构为包含液压缸和与液压缸传动连接的液压马达的液压传动机构，传动件与液压缸的活塞杆传动连接，液压马达串接在液压缸的油路上并与旋转发电机的输入端传动连接；或者所述传动机构为包含气缸和与气缸传动连接的气压马达的气压传动机构，传动件与气缸的活塞杆传动连接，气压马达串接在气缸的气路上并与旋转发电机的输入端传动连接；或者传动机构为包含齿轮齿条机构的机械传动机构，齿轮齿条机构的齿轮与旋转发电机传动连接。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的波浪发电模块，其特征是，所述传动机构包括设置在从配重块到旋转发电机的传动路径上的增速齿轮组。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的波浪发电模块，其特征是，所述发电机为直线发电机，传动件与直线发电机的直线动作输入端传动连接；或者所述发电机为压电发电机，传动件与压电发电机的传压输入端传动连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4或5所述的波浪发电模块，其特征是，所述配重块与直线导轨导向滑动配合。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4或5所述的波浪发电模块，其特征是，所述配重块与直线导轨之间通过滚动体实现相对移动。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4或5所述的波浪发电模块，其特征是，直线导轨与配重块在垂直于导向方向的平面内限位配合。
  9. 波浪发电装置，包括与地面相连的架体，架体上铰接安装有波浪发电模块，其特征是，所述波浪发电模块为权利要求1～8任意一项所述的波浪发电模块。
  10. 波浪发电机组，包括至少两个相互连接的波浪发电模块，各个波浪发电模块中至少有一个与地面相连，其特征是，所述波浪发电模块为权利要求1～8任意一项所述的波浪发电模块。
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