WO2020015458A1 - 一种畜禽废水的处理方法 - Google Patents

一种畜禽废水的处理方法 Download PDF

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WO2020015458A1
WO2020015458A1 PCT/CN2019/088533 CN2019088533W WO2020015458A1 WO 2020015458 A1 WO2020015458 A1 WO 2020015458A1 CN 2019088533 W CN2019088533 W CN 2019088533W WO 2020015458 A1 WO2020015458 A1 WO 2020015458A1
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treatment
livestock
wastewater
poultry
membrane
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PCT/CN2019/088533
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French (fr)
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严滨
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厦门理工学院
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/301—Aerobic and anaerobic treatment in the same reactor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
    • C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/2853—Anaerobic digestion processes using anaerobic membrane bioreactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, in particular to a method for treating livestock and poultry wastewater.
  • the anaerobic treatment technology is to decompose organic matter through the combined action of obligate and facultative anaerobic microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. This method can make the removal rate of COD in livestock and poultry wastewater reach 85% to 90%. , And can kill infectious bacteria, which is conducive to epidemic prevention in the farm.
  • the anaerobic treatment method has a long processing time and is difficult to manage.
  • the removal effect of COD and suspended matter is obvious, but the removal effect of ammonia nitrogen is very poor.
  • the effluent water quality does not meet the sewage discharge standard, and it will occur during the treatment process. Stinky, toxic H 2 S gas, polluting the atmosphere.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating livestock and poultry wastewater with high nitrogen removal efficiency, simple operation, and no secondary pollution.
  • a method for treating livestock and poultry wastewater includes the following steps:
  • the wastewater after the preliminary treatment is entered into a membrane bioreactor for anaerobic-aerobic cycle treatment; the membrane bioreactor is filled with a hollow fiber membrane containing a quinone group.
  • the operating flux of the quinone-containing hollow fiber membrane in the membrane bioreactor is greater than or equal to 10 L / (m 2 ⁇ h), and the average pore diameter of the membrane is 0.1 micrometer.
  • the mass fraction of the quinone-based compound in the quinone-containing hollow fiber membrane is greater than 5%.
  • the sludge concentration in the membrane bioreactor is 7 to 8 g / L.
  • the water depth of the wetland is 3 to 5 m.
  • the hydraulic retention time of the livestock and poultry wastewater in the wetland is 8-12 hours.
  • the time of a single aerobic treatment during the anaerobic-aerobic cycle treatment is 50 to 70 minutes, and the time of a single anaerobic treatment is 50 to 70 minutes.
  • the amount of dissolved oxygen in the aerobic treatment is 2 to 4 mg / L.
  • the redox potential of the anaerobic treatment is -90 to -120 mv.
  • the hydraulic residence time of the wastewater after the preliminary treatment in the membrane bioreactor is 8-20 hours.
  • the invention provides a method for treating livestock and poultry wastewater, including the following steps: preliminary treatment of livestock and poultry wastewater through a wetland; aquatic plants are planted in the wetland; and the wastewater after the preliminary treatment is entered into a membrane bioreactor An anaerobic-aerobic cycle treatment is performed; the membrane bioreactor is filled with a hollow fiber membrane containing a quinone group.
  • the method for treating livestock and poultry wastewater provided by the present invention firstly uses a wetland to initially treat the livestock and poultry wastewater. Aquatic plants in the wetland will utilize nutrients in the wastewater, thereby initially removing organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, and the like from the livestock and poultry wastewater.
  • the membrane bioreactor is used to perform anaerobic-aerobic cycle treatment on the wastewater after the preliminary treatment.
  • the membrane bioreactor is filled with hollow fiber membranes containing quinone groups.
  • the quinone groups in the fiber membrane are in the process of microbial denitrification.
  • COD and SS in the wastewater are further removed, so that the effluent reaches the first-level discharge standard.
  • results of the examples show that when the method provided by the present invention is used to treat livestock and poultry wastewater, the COD content in the effluent is less than 200 mg / L, the ammonia nitrogen content is less than 20 mg / L, and the total suspended particulates (SS) is 0.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a livestock and poultry wastewater treatment process according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 1 1-wetland; 2-membrane bioreactor; 3-hollow fiber membrane containing quinone group; 4-aeration device; 5-stirring device; 6-pump.
  • the invention provides a method for treating livestock and poultry wastewater, including the following steps:
  • the wastewater after the preliminary treatment is entered into a membrane bioreactor for anaerobic-aerobic cycle treatment; the membrane bioreactor is filled with a hollow fiber membrane containing a quinone group.
  • the invention conducts preliminary treatment of livestock and poultry wastewater through wetlands.
  • the present invention has no special requirements on the source of the livestock and poultry wastewater, and the livestock and poultry wastewater that is well known to those skilled in the art can be treated by the method of the present invention.
  • the The COD content is preferably 8000 to 20,000 mg / L
  • the ammonia nitrogen content is preferably 600 to 2000 mg / L
  • the total suspended particulates (SS) is preferably 200 to 1000 mg / L.
  • aquatic plants are planted in the wetland, and the aquatic plants are preferably water hyacinths and / or water peanuts.
  • the present invention has no special requirements for the planting amount of the aquatic plants, according to methods well known to those skilled in the art Just plant, grow and manage.
  • the wetland is preferably an artificially constructed pool, and the water depth of the wetland is preferably 3 to 5m, and more preferably 3.5 to 4.5m.
  • the volume of the pool in the present invention. In a specific embodiment, it is preferable to determine the volume of the pool according to the amount of wastewater treated.
  • the hydraulic retention time of the livestock and poultry wastewater in the wetland is preferably 8 to 12 hours, and more preferably 10 hours.
  • the present invention has no special requirements for the inflow flow rate of the livestock and poultry wastewater.
  • the specific inflow rate can be determined based on factors such as wastewater treatment volume and hydraulic retention time.
  • aquatic plants can absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients in livestock and poultry wastewater to meet their own growth needs, and can effectively absorb organic matter and SS, so as to initially reduce the COD content and ammonia nitrogen of livestock and poultry wastewater.
  • Content and SS content can be effectively absorb organic matter and SS.
  • the membrane bioreactor according to the present invention is an anaerobic-aerobic integrated membrane bioreactor (AOMBR).
  • AOMBR anaerobic-aerobic integrated membrane bioreactor
  • the AOMBR is filled with a hollow fiber membrane containing a quinone group, and the central part of the AOMBR is equipped with a stirring device. Stirring is performed during the anaerobic treatment; there is an aeration device at the bottom for providing aeration during the aerobic treatment to provide oxygen; the AOMBR is inoculated with sludge.
  • the circulation of livestock and poultry wastewater between the wetland and the membrane bioreactor is preferably realized by a pump.
  • the membrane bioreactor is filled with a quinone group-containing hollow fiber membrane;
  • the flux of the quinone group-containing hollow fiber membrane is preferably 10 L / (m 2 ⁇ h) or more, and more preferably 10 to 15 L / (m 2 ⁇ h);
  • the mass fraction of the quinone-based compound in the quinone-containing hollow fiber membrane is preferably greater than 5%, more preferably 10% to 15%;
  • the average pore diameter is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m.
  • the membrane filament having an area of 1 m 2 can filter at least 10 L of wastewater for 1 h.
  • the total area of the hollow fiber membrane is preferably determined according to the treatment amount of livestock and poultry wastewater; There is no special requirement for the source of the membrane. It can be purchased directly or prepared by itself.
  • the hollow fiber membrane containing quinone group can be anthraquinone-functionalized polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, and its preparation method It may be performed according to methods well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the filling method of the quinone group-containing hollow fiber membrane is not particularly required, and the filling method may be performed by a method well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention has no special requirements for the water inflow rate of the preliminary treated wastewater in the membrane bioreactor.
  • the specific influent can be determined according to factors such as the amount of wastewater treated and the cross-sectional area of the inlet pipe. Water rate.
  • the sludge concentration in the membrane bioreactor is preferably 7 to 8 g / L, and more preferably 7.5 g / L.
  • the present invention has no special requirements on the type of the sludge, and the sludge for sewage treatment may be used as known to those skilled in the art.
  • the time of a single anaerobic treatment during the anaerobic-aerobic cycle treatment is preferably 50 to 70 minutes, more preferably 60 minutes;
  • the oxidation-reduction potential of the anaerobic treatment is preferably -90 to -120mv , More preferably -100mv;
  • the present invention preferably performs anaerobic treatment under stirring conditions, the rotation speed of the stirring is preferably 5 revolutions / min or less, more preferably 3 to 4 revolutions / min, and the sludge is suspended by stirring in the present invention In the water, it is in full contact with the hollow fiber membrane with quinone group to avoid the reduction of reaction efficiency caused by sludge deposition.
  • the present invention preferably sets a hydraulic stirrer in the membrane bioreactor.
  • a hollow fiber membrane is preferably packed around the membrane bioreactor, and a hydraulic stirrer is set in the center of the membrane bioreactor.
  • the fiber membrane contains quinone groups.
  • quinone groups can be used as an electron transfer carrier to participate in the denitrification process, participate in and promote the reduction process of nitrate (nitrite), and accelerate the anaerobic treatment process.
  • the rate of denitrification in the medium so as to achieve the purpose of efficient denitrification, the present invention efficiently reduces nitrate nitrogen in livestock and poultry wastewater to nitrogen through anaerobic treatment, and at the same time degrades organic matter in livestock and poultry wastewater, Large-molecular-weight organics are decomposed into smaller-molecular-weight organics, which reduces the COD value of livestock and poultry wastewater.
  • the time of the single aerobic treatment is preferably 50 to 70 min, and more preferably 60 min; the dissolved oxygen amount of the aerobic treatment is preferably 2 to 4 mg / L, and more preferably 3 mg / L.
  • the present invention preferably provides oxygen for aerobic treatment by aeration.
  • the aeration process can agitate sewage, so aerobic treatment process does not need to be stirred.
  • the present invention preferably provides an aeration device at the bottom of the membrane bioreactor. There are no special requirements for the aeration device, and an aeration device well known to those skilled in the art can be used to provide oxygen for aerobic treatment.
  • ammonia nitrogen in livestock and poultry wastewater is oxidized to nitrate or nitrosate, and small molecular weight organics in livestock and poultry wastewater are decomposed into inorganic substances.
  • the hydraulic retention time of the wastewater after the preliminary treatment in the membrane bioreactor is preferably 8 to 20 hours, and more preferably 9 to 12 hours.
  • the anaerobic-aerobic cycle The processing cycle is at least 2 cycles.
  • the aeration device is turned off, the stirring device is turned on, and the anaerobic treatment is turned off after 50 to 70 minutes.
  • Stirring device turn on the aeration device, perform aerobic treatment for 50-70min, and then perform anaerobic treatment, and so on, until the hydraulic treatment time of the wastewater in the membrane bioreactor reaches 7-9h after the preliminary treatment.
  • Wastewater is discharged.
  • the effluent is preferably carried out in the aerobic treatment stage.
  • the aeration treatment in the aerobic treatment stage can agitate the membrane filaments.
  • the sludge is not easy to adhere to the surface of the membrane filaments when the water is discharged. As a result, sludge adheres to the surface of the membrane filament, which causes pollution of the membrane filament and affects the water outlet rate.
  • the schematic diagram of the water treatment process of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1.
  • the livestock and poultry wastewater flows through the wetland 1 for preliminary treatment.
  • the preliminary treated wastewater enters the membrane bioreactor (AOMBR) 2 for anaerobic-aerobic cycle treatment.
  • the reactor is filled with hollow fiber membranes 3 containing quinone groups.
  • the stirring device 5 is turned on during the anaerobic treatment, the aeration device 4 is turned off, the stirring device 5 is turned off during the aerobic treatment, and the aeration device 4 is turned on.
  • the wastewater is discharged to the discharge port of the sewage system through a suction pump for discharge.
  • the method for treating sludge in a membrane bioreactor is not particularly required in the present invention, and it can be treated by a method well known to those skilled in the art. In the embodiment, it is preferable to regularly discharge mud to ensure the effect of water treatment.
  • the initial content of COD in livestock and poultry wastewater is 8000mg / L, the initial content of ammonia nitrogen is 600mg / L, and the initial content of SS is 200mg / L;
  • the poultry wastewater is initially treated through a wetland.
  • the wetland is an artificially constructed pond.
  • water hyacinth and water peanuts are used to efficiently absorb and utilize organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
  • the hydropower of the livestock and poultry wastewater in the wetland. Dwell time is 10h;
  • AOMBR anaerobic-aerobic integrated membrane bioreactor
  • the sludge concentration in the AOMBR reactor is 7-8g / L;
  • AOMBR operates according to the following parameters: no aeration during the anaerobic treatment, hydraulic stirring for 60min, and redox potential of -100mv; then aerobic treatment for 60min, aerobic treatment
  • the process is aerated without stirring, the dissolved oxygen is controlled at 3mg / L, and the water is passed through the membrane filaments during the aerobic treatment; the hydraulic retention time HRT is 8h, and then the wastewater is discharged up to the standard.
  • the content of COD, ammonia nitrogen and SS in the untreated livestock and poultry wastewater is very high, and the content of COD, ammonia nitrogen and SS in the wastewater after wetland treatment is reduced to a certain extent.
  • the COD content in the effluent is less than 200 mg / L, and the ammonia nitrogen content is less than 20 mg / L, in which SS is completely removed.
  • the method for treating livestock and poultry wastewater provided by the present invention achieves the purpose of efficient nitrogen removal, and has achieved Effect of simultaneous removal of ammonia nitrogen and COD.
  • the initial content of COD in livestock and poultry wastewater is 12000mg / L
  • the initial content of ammonia nitrogen is 1300mg / L
  • the initial content of SS is 800mg / L;
  • the poultry wastewater is initially treated through a wetland.
  • the wetland is an artificially constructed pond.
  • water hyacinth and water peanuts are used to efficiently absorb and utilize organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
  • the hydropower of the livestock and poultry wastewater in the wetland. Residence time is 12h;
  • the livestock wastewater After passing through the wetland, the livestock wastewater enters the anaerobic-aerobic integrated membrane bioreactor (hereinafter referred to as AOMBR) for anaerobic-aerobic cycle treatment.
  • AOMBR anaerobic-aerobic integrated membrane bioreactor
  • the membrane filaments filled in the reactor are hollow fiber membranes containing quinone groups;
  • the sludge concentration in the AOMBR reactor is 7-8g / L;
  • AOMBR operates according to the following parameters: no aeration during the anaerobic treatment, hydraulic stirring for 60min, and redox potential of -110mv; then aerobic treatment for 60min, aerobic treatment
  • the process is aerated, without stirring, the dissolved oxygen is controlled at 2.5mg / L, and the water is passed through the membrane filaments during the aerobic treatment; the hydraulic retention time HRT is 12h, and then the wastewater is discharged to the standard.
  • the COD content in the treated livestock and poultry wastewater is less than 200 mg / L and the ammonia nitrogen content is less than 20 mg / L, in which the SS is completely removed. It can be seen that the The treatment method achieves the purpose of efficient denitrification and achieves the effect of simultaneous removal of ammonia nitrogen and COD.

Abstract

一种畜禽废水的处理方法，其包括以下步骤：将畜禽废水经湿地（1）进行初步处理，湿地（1）中种植有水生植物，将初步处理后的废水进入膜生物反应器（2）中进行厌氧-好氧循环处理，膜生物反应器（2）中装填有含有醌基的中空纤维膜（3）。

Description

一种畜禽废水的处理方法
本申请要求于2018年7月17日提交中国专利局、申请号为201810785684.9、发明名称为“一种畜禽废水的处理方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及废水处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种畜禽废水的处理方法。
背景技术
近年来，随着经济增长和人民生活水平提高，以规模化养殖模式为主的禽养殖业迅速发展。但是，畜禽养殖业发展也带来了一系列环境问题。规模化畜禽养殖场所产生的废水水量较大且集中，污染物浓度高，如不经过处理直接排放于环境或直接进行农用，将造成生态环境和农田的严重污染，并对畜禽和畜产品以及人类本身的健康产生严重危害。畜禽养殖废水的成分复杂，主要由尿液、饲料残渣、粪便以及圈舍冲水组成，其中圈舍冲水和尿液占主要部分。目前，禽畜养殖业无论集约化养殖场或分散的养殖户，90％以上没有污水处理设施，禽粪便直接排入水体，其中COD、N和P的排放量已分别占总负荷的7.13％、16.7％和10.1％。
国内外对畜禽养殖废水的处理技术多种多样。其中，厌氧处理技术是在厌氧条件下，通过专性和兼性厌氧微生物的共同作用，将有机物进行分解，这种方法可使畜禽废水中的COD去除率达85％～90％，且能杀死传染病菌，利于养殖场的防疫。
但是，厌氧处理方法处理处理时间长，管理难度大，对COD和悬浮物的去除效果明显，但是对于氨氮的去除效果很差，出水水质达不到污水排放标准，并且在处理过程中会产生恶臭、有毒的H 2S气体，污染大气。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述缺点，本发明提供了一种脱氮效率高、操作简单、不产生二次污染的畜禽废水处理方法。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种畜禽废水的处理方法，包括以下步骤：
将畜禽废水经湿地进行初步处理；所述湿地中种植有水生植物；
将所述初步处理后的废水进入膜生物反应器中进行厌氧-好氧循环处 理；所述膜生物反应器中装填有含有醌基的中空纤维膜。
优选的，所述含有醌基的中空纤维膜在膜生物反应器中的运行通量大于等于10L/(m 2·h)，膜平均孔径为0.1微米。
优选的，所述含有醌基的中空纤维膜中醌基化合物的质量分数大于5％。
优选的，所述膜生物反应器中的污泥浓度为7～8g/L。
优选的，所述湿地的水深为3～5m。
优选的，所述畜禽废水在湿地中的水力停留时间为8～12h。
优选的，所述厌氧-好氧循环处理过程中单次好氧处理的时间为50～70min，单次厌氧处理的时间为50～70min。
优选的，所述好氧处理的溶氧量为2～4mg/L。
优选的，所述厌氧处理的氧化还原电位为-90～-120mv。
优选的，所述初步处理后的废水在膜生物反应器中的水力停留时间为8～20h。
本发明提供了一种畜禽废水的处理方法，包括以下步骤：将畜禽废水经湿地进行初步处理；所述湿地中种植有水生植物；将所述初步处理后的废水进入膜生物反应器中进行厌氧-好氧循环处理；所述膜生物反应器中装填有含有醌基的中空纤维膜。本发明提供的畜禽废水的处理方法首先使用湿地对畜禽废水进行初步处理，湿地中的水生植物会利用废水中的营养物质，从而将畜禽废水中的有机物、氮、磷等进行初步去除；再使用膜生物反应器对初步处理后的废水进行厌氧-好氧循环处理，膜生物反应器中装填有含有醌基的中空纤维膜，纤维膜中的醌基在微生物脱氮过程中，可以作为电子转移载体介入反硝化过程，加速氮的还原过程，提高厌氧条件下反硝化的速率，从而达到高效脱氮的目的，实现去除COD和脱氮同时完成的目的，在好氧处理过程中，废水中的COD和SS被进一步脱除，使出水达到一级排放标准。实施例结果表明，使用本发明提供的方法对畜禽废水进行处理，出水中COD含量小于200mg/L，氨氮含量小于20mg/L，悬浮物总颗粒(SS)为0。
说明书附图
图1为本发明实施例提供的畜禽废水处理流程示意图；
图1中：1-湿地；2-膜生物反应器；3-含有醌基的中空纤维膜；4-曝气装置；5-搅拌装置；6-泵。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明进一步说明。
本发明提供了一种畜禽废水的处理方法，包括以下步骤：
将畜禽废水经湿地进行初步处理；所述湿地中种植有水生植物；
将所述初步处理后的废水进入膜生物反应器中进行厌氧-好氧循环处理；所述膜生物反应器中装填有含有醌基的中空纤维膜。
本发明将畜禽废水经湿地进行初步处理。本发明对所述畜禽废水的来源没有特殊要求，本领域技术人员熟知的畜禽养殖废水都可以使用本发明的方法进行处理，在本发明的具体实施例中，所述畜禽废水中的COD含量优选为8000～20000mg/L，氨氮含量优选为600～2000mg/L，悬浮物总颗粒(SS)优选为200～1000mg/L。
在本发明中，所述湿地中种植有水生植物，所述水生植物优选为水葫芦和/或水花生，本发明对所述水生植物的种植量没有特殊要求，按照本领域技术人员熟知的方法进行种植、生长和管理即可。在本发明中，所述湿地优选为人工建造的水池，所述湿地的水深优选为3～5m，更优选为3.5～4.5m，本发明对所述水池的体积没有特殊要求，在本发明的具体实施例中，优选根据废水的处理量确定水池的体积。在本发明中，所述畜禽废水在湿地中的水力停留时间优选为8～12h，更优选为10h；本发明对所述畜禽废水的进水流量没有特殊要求，在本发明的具体实施例中，可根据废水处理量和水力停留时间等因素确定具体的进水流量。
在本发明中，水生植物可以吸收畜禽废水中的氮、磷等营养物质来满足自身生长的需要，且能够对有机物和SS等进行有效的吸收，从而初步降低畜禽废水的COD含量、氨氮含量和SS含量。
初步处理完成后，本发明将所述初步处理后的废水进入膜生物反应器中进行厌氧-好氧循环处理。本发明所述的膜生物反应器为厌氧-好氧一体化膜生物反应器(AOMBR)，所述AOMBR中装填有含有醌基的中空纤维膜，且AOMBR中央装有搅拌装置，用于在厌氧处理过程中进行搅拌；底部有曝气装置，用于在好氧处理过程中进行曝气以提供氧气；所述 AOMBR中接种有污泥。本发明优选通过泵实现畜禽废水在湿地和膜生物反应器之间的流通。
在本发明中，所述膜生物反应器中装填有含有醌基的中空纤维膜；所述含有醌基的中空纤维膜的的通量优选大于等于10L/(m 2·h)，更优选为10～15L/(m 2·h)；所述含有醌基的中空纤维膜中醌基化合物的质量分数优选大于5％，更优选为10％～15％；所述含有醌基的中空纤维膜的平均孔径优选为0.1微米。在本发明的具体实施例中，面积为1m 2的膜丝1h能够过滤至少10L废水，本发明优选根据畜禽废水的处理量确定中空纤维膜的总面积；本发明对含有醌基的中空纤维膜的来源没有特殊要求，直接购买使用或自行制备均可，在本发明的具体实施例中，所述含有醌基的中空纤维膜具体可以为蒽醌功能化聚偏氟乙烯膜，其制备方法按照本领域技术人员熟知的方法进行即可。本发明对所述含有醌基的中空纤维膜的装填方法没有特殊要求，使用本领域技术人员熟知的方法进行装填即可。
本发明对所述初步处理后的废水的在膜生物反应器中的进水速率没有特殊要求，在本发明的具体实施例中，可根据废水处理量及进水管截面积等因素确定具体的进水速率。
在本发明中，所述膜生物反应器中的污泥浓度优选为7～8g/L，更优选为7.5g/L。本发明对所述污泥的种类没有特殊要求，使用本领域技术人员熟知的污水处理用污泥即可。
在本发明中，所述初步处理后的污水进入膜生物反应器后先进行厌氧处理再进行好氧处理，依次循环。在本发明中，所述厌氧-好氧循环处理过程中单次厌氧处理的时间优选为50～70min，更优选为60min；所述厌氧处理的氧化还原电位优选为-90～-120mv，更优选为-100mv；本发明优选在搅拌条件下进行厌氧处理，所述搅拌的转速优选小于等于5转/min，更优选为3～4转/min，本发明通过搅拌使污泥悬浮在水中，与带有醌基的中空纤维膜充分接触，避免污泥沉积造成反应效率降低，本发明优选在膜生物反应器中设置水力搅拌器，为避免搅拌过程碰触到中空纤维膜，本发明优选将中空纤维膜装填在膜生物反应器的四周，将水力搅拌器设置在膜生物反应器中央。
在本发明中，纤维膜中含有醌基，醌基在微生物脱氮过程中，可以作 为电子转移载体介入反硝化过程，参与并促进硝酸盐(亚硝酸盐)的还原过程，加快厌氧处理过程中反硝化过程的速率，从而达到高效脱氮的目的，本发明通过厌氧处理将畜禽废水中的硝态氮高效还原为氮气，同时对畜禽废水中的有机物进行降解，将废水中的大分子量的有机物分解成较小分子量的有机物，降低畜禽废水的COD值。
在本发明中，所述单次好氧处理的时间优选为50～70min，更优选为60min；所述好氧处理的溶氧量优选为2～4mg/L，更优选为3mg/L。本发明优选通过曝气对好氧处理提供氧气，曝气过程可以使污水发生搅动，因而好氧处理过程无需进行搅拌，本发明优选在膜生物反应器底部设置曝气装置，本发明对所述曝气装置没有特殊要求，使用本领域技术人员熟知的曝气装置，能够为好氧处理提供氧气即可。在好氧处理过程中，畜禽废水中的氨态氮被氧化为硝态氮或亚硝态氮，同时将畜禽废水中的小分子量有机物分解为无机物。
在本发明中，所述初步处理后的废水在膜生物反应器中的水力停留时间优选为8～20h，更优选为9～12h；在该水力停留时间内，所述厌氧-好氧循环处理循环至少2个周期。
在本发明的具体实施例中，优选首先将初步处理后的废水进入膜生物反应器中进行厌氧处理，厌氧处理过程中关闭曝气装置，开启搅拌装置，厌氧处理50～70min后关闭搅拌装置，开启曝气装置，进行好氧处理50～70min，然后再进行厌氧处理，依次类推，直至初步处理后的废水在膜生物反应器中的水力停留时间达到7～9h后将处理后的废水排出。本发明优选在好氧处理阶段进行出水，好氧处理阶段的曝气处理可以搅动膜丝，出水时污泥不易粘附在膜丝表面，厌氧处理阶段膜丝的搅动力度不足，出水时会造成污泥粘附在膜丝表面，造成膜丝的污染，影响出水速率。
本发明的水处理过程示意图如图1所示，畜禽废水流经湿地1进行初步处理，初步处理后的废水进入膜生物反应器(AOMBR)2中进行厌氧-好氧循环处理，膜生物反应器中装填含有醌基的中空纤维膜3，厌氧处理过程中开启搅拌装置5，关闭曝气装置4，好氧处理过程中关闭搅拌装置5，开启曝气装置4，循环处理后达标的废水通过抽吸泵引到污水系统的排放口进行排放，本发明对膜生物反应器中污泥的处理方法没有特殊要 求，使用本领域技术人员熟知的方法进行处理即可，在本发明的具体实施例中，优选定时排泥以确保水处理效果。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的方案进行详细的描述，但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
畜禽废水中COD的初始含量为8000mg/L，氨氮初始含量为600mg/L，SS初始含量为200mg/L；
禽畜废水先经由湿地进行初步处理，湿地为人工建造的水池，中间种以水葫芦、水花生一类对有机物、氮、磷有高效吸附和利用的水生植物，畜禽废水在湿地中的水力停留时间为10h；
经过湿地后的禽畜废水进入厌氧-好氧一体化膜生物反应器(以下简称AOMBR)进行厌氧-好氧循环处理，反应器内装填的膜丝为含有醌基的中空纤维膜；
AOMBR反应器中的污泥浓度为7-8g/L；AOMBR按以下参数运行：厌氧处理过程不曝气、水力搅拌60min，氧化还原电位为-100mv；然后进行好氧处理60min，好氧处理过程曝气，不搅拌，溶氧控制在3mg/L，好氧处理过程通过膜丝出水；水力停留时间HRT为8h，然后废水达标排放。
对处理后的畜禽废水中的COD值、氨氮含量和SS含量进行检测，所得结果见表1；
表1畜禽废水处理前后的水质变化
Figure PCTCN2019088533-appb-000001
根据表1中的数据可以看出，未经处理的畜禽废水中COD、氨氮和SS含量都很高，经湿地处理后废水中的COD、氨氮和SS含量都有一定程度的降低，经AOMBR处理后，出水中的COD含量小于200mg/L，氨氮含量 小于20mg/L，其中SS完全被去除，可以看出，本发明提供的畜禽废水的处理方法达到了高效脱氮的目的，取得了氨氮和COD同时去除的效果。
实施例2
畜禽废水中COD的初始含量为12000mg/L，氨氮初始含量为1300mg/L，SS初始含量为800mg/L；
禽畜废水先经由湿地进行初步处理，湿地为人工建造的水池，中间种以水葫芦、水花生一类对有机物、氮、磷有高效吸附和利用的水生植物，畜禽废水在湿地中的水力停留时间为12h；
经过湿地后的禽畜废水进入厌氧-好氧一体化膜生物反应器(以下简称AOMBR)中进行厌氧-好氧循环处理，反应器内装填的膜丝为含有醌基的中空纤维膜；
AOMBR反应器中的污泥浓度为7-8g/L；AOMBR按以下参数运行：厌氧处理过程不曝气、水力搅拌60min，氧化还原电位为-110mv；然后进行好氧处理60min，好氧处理过程曝气，不搅拌，溶氧控制在2.5mg/L，好氧处理过程通过膜丝出水；水力停留时间HRT为12h，然后废水达标排放。
对处理后的畜禽废水中的COD值、氨氮含量和SS含量进行检测，所得结果见表2；
表2畜禽废水处理前后的水质变化
Figure PCTCN2019088533-appb-000002
根据表2中的数据可以看出，处理后的畜禽废水中的COD含量小于200mg/L，氨氮含量小于20mg/L，其中SS完全被去除，可以看出，本发明提供的畜禽废水的处理方法达到了高效脱氮的目的，取得了氨氮和COD同时去除的效果。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应 当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种畜禽废水的处理方法，包括以下步骤：
    将畜禽废水经湿地进行初步处理；所述湿地中种植有水生植物；
    将所述初步处理后的废水进入膜生物反应器中进行厌氧-好氧循环处理；所述膜生物反应器中装填有含有醌基的中空纤维膜。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的处理方法，其特征在于，所述含有醌基的中空纤维膜在膜生物反应器中的运行通量大于等于10L/(m 2·h)，膜平均孔径为0.1微米。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的处理方法，其特征在于，所述含有醌基的中空纤维膜中醌基化合物的质量分数大于5％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的处理方法，其特征在于，所述膜生物反应器中的污泥浓度为7～8g/L。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的处理方法，其特征在于，所述湿地的水深为3～5m。
  6. 根据权利要求1或4所述的处理方法，其特征在于，所述畜禽废水在湿地中的水力停留时间为8～12h。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的处理方法，其特征在于，所述厌氧-好氧循环处理过程中单次好氧处理的时间为50～70min，单次厌氧处理的时间为50～70min。
  8. 根据权利要求1或7所述的处理方法，其特征在于，所述好氧处理的溶氧量为2～4mg/L。
  9. 根据权利要求1或7所述的处理方法，其特征在于，所述厌氧处理的氧化还原电位为-90～-120mv。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的处理方法，其特征在于，所述初步处理后的废水在膜生物反应器中的水力停留时间为8～20h。
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