WO2020015380A1 - 激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法 - Google Patents

激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法 Download PDF

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WO2020015380A1
WO2020015380A1 PCT/CN2019/080046 CN2019080046W WO2020015380A1 WO 2020015380 A1 WO2020015380 A1 WO 2020015380A1 CN 2019080046 W CN2019080046 W CN 2019080046W WO 2020015380 A1 WO2020015380 A1 WO 2020015380A1
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cleaned
pollutants
laser
cleaning
ranges
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PCT/CN2019/080046
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English (en)
French (fr)
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袁孝
徐佳维
张翔
高帆
熊宝星
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苏州大学
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/0035—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like
    • B08B7/0042—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by radiant energy, e.g. UV, laser, light beam or the like by laser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B13/00—Accessories or details of general applicability for machines or apparatus for cleaning

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  • the invention relates to a method for laser cleaning the surface pollution layer of an object, and belongs to the field of repair and cleaning of ceramic cultural relics.
  • the unearthed ceramics are subject to long-term erosion of various substances in nature to different levels, forming various types of pollution layers. Ceramics are buried underground for a long time. In a humid environment, a layer of white deposits will form on the surface, commonly known as water rust.
  • the main component is salt materials such as calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Some of the soil attached to the surface of ceramics are affected by soil. The influence of temperature, humidity, etc., will become hard and hardened, and rust will form on the ceramic surface. These need to be cleaned and removed.
  • Cleaning is the first step in the restoration of ceramic cultural relics.
  • the purpose is to remove all kinds of dirt, magazines and dirt from the surface of the repaired objects, to expose the ceramic cultural relics to their original appearance, and to provide conditions for the subsequent process of restoration.
  • the basic methods commonly used are mechanical cleaning and chemical cleaning.
  • Mechanical cleaning method Use a bristle brush or a thin copper brush or a tool such as a knife cone and a bamboo stick to dry the surface of the utensil to remove the dirt and impurities covering it.
  • Chemical cleaning method A method for removing rust, oxide pollution, oil stains, and various impurities on the surface of ceramic cultural relics by using chemical agents. Commonly used chemicals are hydrochloric acid solution, formic acid solution, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, and organic solvents such as ethanol, ether and acetone.
  • the traditional cleaning methods have the following disadvantages: (1) there is mechanical contact between the cleaning objects and the ceramics, and there is a risk of damaging the ceramics; (2) chemical reagents are needed. For some ceramics, this method is not applicable, and it also pollutes the environment The risk of injury to cleaning workers; (3) It is difficult to clean local micro-textures or complicated structures; (4) The cleaning efficiency is relatively low.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for cleaning a surface contamination layer on a surface of a laser by using a laser to solve the above problems, low running cost, high cleaning efficiency, and no damage to the object to be cleaned.
  • a method for laser cleaning a surface pollution layer of an object includes the following steps:
  • Residual pollutants on the object to be cleaned are removed after cleaning, and the pollutants are collected.
  • the parameters include an irradiation angle and a wavelength, the irradiation angle is 30 ° -90 °, and the wavelength is 532nm-100600nm.
  • the parameter includes a spot diameter, and the spot diameter ranges from 0.25 to 2 mm.
  • the parameters include output laser power, and the output laser power ranges from 20 to 400W.
  • the parameter includes a repetition frequency, and the repetition frequency range is 1 to 1000 kHz.
  • the parameter includes a pulse width, and the pulse width ranges from 10 to 380 ns.
  • the parameter range includes a scanning speed, and the scanning speed is 20 to 4000 mm / s.
  • the parameter includes a step pitch, and the step pitch ranges from 0.010 to 1 mm.
  • the parameter includes the number of scans, and the number of scans ranges from 1 to 10 times.
  • pollutants remaining on the surface of the object to be cleaned but not adhered to the object to be cleaned are collected, and the pollutants are collected.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the pollutants that can be easily detached by laser scanning and irradiation cause the pollutants to heat up and expand or ablate, thereby generating thermal stress or thermal vibration that causes the pollutants to peel or fall off from the surface of the object to be cleaned, thereby
  • the cleaning purpose is achieved; by removing easily detachable pollutants on the surface of the object to be cleaned, the influence of thermal stress or thermal vibration between the object to be cleaned and the contaminated layer is reduced during the cleaning process.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for laser cleaning a surface pollution layer of an object according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser cleaning system used in the method of laser cleaning a surface pollution layer of an object according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the results of Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of Example 3 of the present invention.
  • a laser cleaning method for a surface pollution layer on an object includes the following steps:
  • Residual pollutants on the object 5 to be cleaned are removed after cleaning, and the pollutants are collected.
  • the pollutant does not adhere to the object 5 to be cleaned, that is, the specific process of this step is to remove the residue on the surface of the object 5 to be cleaned but not adhere to the object 5 after cleaning.
  • the above laser cleaning system includes a laser emitting device 1, a beam shaping device 5 disposed in front of the laser emitting device, a first reflecting mirror 2 disposed in front of the laser emitting device 1, and disposed and described.
  • the object to be cleaned from which surface particles are removed is placed directly below the flat field lens 4, and then the laser cleaning system is started for cleaning.
  • the first reflecting mirror 2 and the second reflecting mirror 3 may be other elements having a reflection function
  • the flat field lens 4 may also be other elements having a focusing ability
  • the first motor 21 And the second motor 31 may also be another element that can control the displacement or rotation of the object, which is determined according to the actual scene and is not limited herein.
  • the parameters include the spot diameter.
  • the spot diameter ranges from 0.25 to 2 mm.
  • the output laser power ranges from 20 to 400 W.
  • the repetition frequency ranges from 1 to 1000 kHz; pulse width, the pulse width range is 10 to 380 ns; scanning speed, the scanning speed is 20 to 4000 mm / s; step pitch, the step pitch range is 0.010 to 1 mm; scan number, the scan The number of times ranges from 1 to 10. It is true that the above parameter range can be formulated according to the actual application scenario, and is not limited here.
  • the method for cleaning the surface contaminated layer of an object by a laser according to the present invention will be described in more detail through two embodiments below.
  • the object 5 to be cleaned is ceramic.
  • the thickness of the earth rust layer is 150 ⁇ m.
  • the ceramic is placed in the laser cleaning system, and the parameters are set: the spot diameter is 1.2 mm, the output laser power is 90 W, the wavelength is 1064 nm, the repetition frequency is 100 kHz, and the pulse width is 240ns, scanning speed is 480mm / s, step pitch is 0.281mm, scanning times is 1 time.
  • the thickness of the rust layer is 150 ⁇ m.
  • the ceramic is placed in the laser cleaning system. The parameters are set: the spot diameter is 1.2 mm, the output laser power is 45 W, the wavelength is 1064 nm, the repetition frequency is 200 kHz, and the pulse width is 130ns, scanning speed is 200mm / s, step pitch is 0.281mm, and the number of scans is 1 time.
  • Example 1 Please refer to FIG. 3.
  • the results of Example 1 and Example 2 are shown in the figure. After the laser irradiation is completed, the surface residue can be removed by a low-power suction fan.
  • the laser does not irradiate all the pollutants this time, but only irradiates both sides of the pollutants.
  • the result is shown in FIG. 4. It can be clearly seen from the figure that peeling occurs in the irradiated area and there is no obvious phenomenon in the unirradiated area.
  • the use of laser scanning and irradiation of pollutants causes the pollutants to heat up and expand, resulting in thermal stress or thermal vibration and other effects after irradiation, causing the pollutants to peel off from the surface of the object 5 to be cleaned, thereby achieving the purpose of cleaning ;

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

一种激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法，包括如下步骤：去除待清洗物体表面的可轻易脱离的污染物并收集所述可轻易脱离的污染物；提供激光清洗系统，将所述待清洗物体置于所述激光清洗系统中，并确定所述待清洗物体的污染区域；设定激光清洗系统参数并对所述污染区域进行激光扫描及辐照以清洗所述待清洗物体；去除清洗后的所述待清洗物体上的残留污染物，并对所述污染物进行收集。

Description

激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法
本申请要求了申请日为2018年07月17日，申请号为2018107818601，发明名称为“激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法，属于陶瓷文物的修复及清洗领域。
背景技术
出土的陶瓷器物，由于年深日久，受到不同程度自然界各种物质的长期侵蚀，形成各种类型的污染层。陶瓷器物长期埋在地下，在潮湿的环境下，其表面会形成一层白色的沉积物，俗称水锈，主要成分是碳酸钙、碳酸镁等盐类物质；有些附着在陶瓷器物表面的泥土受温度、湿度等影响，会变得坚硬板结，形成土锈黏附于陶瓷表面。这些都是需要清洗去除的。
清洗是进行陶瓷文物修复的第一步，其目的是将被修复器物表面部位的各种泥土、杂志和污垢去除干净，使陶瓷文物露出本来面目，为后道工序的修复提供条件。陶瓷文物的清洗方法很多，归纳起来，常用的基本方法主要有机械清洗法和化学清洗法。(1)机械清洗法：是用硬毛刷或细铜刷或刀锥、竹签等工具，对器物表面进行干刷，以去除覆在其上的泥土和杂质。(2)化学清洗法：使用化学药剂来清除陶瓷文物表面的锈碱、氧化物污染、油渍以及各种杂质等的方法。常用的化学药剂有盐酸溶液、甲酸溶液、高锰酸钾、过氧化氢以及乙醇、乙醚和丙酮等有机溶剂。
但传统的清洗方法存在一下缺点：(1)存在清洗器物与陶瓷的机械接触，存在损伤陶瓷的风险；(2)需要化学试剂的辅助，对于一些陶瓷，该方法并不适用，同时存在污染环境、伤害清洗工作者的风险；(3)难以清洗到局部微小纹路或结构复杂的部位；(4)清洗效率比较低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种解决上述问题、运行成本低、清洗效率高且对待清洗物体不会造成损伤的激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
去除待清洗物体表面的可轻易脱离的污染物并收集所述可轻易脱离的污染物；
提供激光清洗系统，将所述待清洗物体置于所述激光清洗系统中，并确定所述待清洗物体的污染区域；
设定激光清洗系统参数并对所述污染区域进行激光扫描及辐照以清洗所述待清洗物体；
去除清洗后的所述待清洗物体上的残留污染物，并对所述污染物进行收集。
进一步地，所述参数包括辐照角度及波长，所述辐照角度为30°-90°，所述波长为532nm-100600nm。
进一步地，所述参数包括光斑直径，所述光斑直径范围为0.25～2mm。
进一步地，所述参数包括输出激光功率，所述输出激光功率范围为20～400W。
进一步地，所述参数包括重频，所述重频范围为1～1000kHz。
进一步地，所述参数包括脉宽，所述脉宽范围为10～380ns。
进一步地，所述参数范围包括扫描速度，所述扫描速度为20～4000mm/s。
进一步地，所述参数包括步进间距，所述步进间距范围为0.010～1mm。
进一步地，所述参数包括扫描次数，所述扫描次数范围为1～10次。
进一步地，所述“去除清洗后的所述待清洗物体上的残留污染物，并对所述污染物进行收集”具体为：
所述待清洗物体清洗后，去除所述待清洗物体表面上残留但未粘附于所述待清洗物体的污染物，并将所述污染物收集。
本发明的有益效果在于：采用激光扫描及辐照可轻易脱离的污染物，使得污染物升温膨胀或烧蚀，从而产生热应力或热振动致使污染物与待清洗物体的表面剥离或脱落，从而达到清洗目的；通过去除待清洗物体表面的可轻易脱离 的污染物，从而减少在清洗过程中对待清洗物体与污染层之间的热应力或热振动的影响。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，并可依照说明书的内容予以实施，以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合附图详细说明如后。
附图说明
图1为本发明的激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法的流程图。
图2为本发明的激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法所采用的激光清洗系统的结构示意图。
图3为本发明的实施例1与实施例2的结果示意图。
图4为本发明的实施例3的结果示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
请参见图1，本发明的激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：
去除待清洗物体5表面的可轻易脱离的污染物，并收集所述可轻易脱离的污染物；通过预先去除所述待清洗物体5表面的可轻易脱离的污染物，从而增加激光辐照后剥离或脱落清洗物体5表面污染层之间的清洗力、热应力及热振动产生的力等力。随后将所述颗粒物进行收集，以防止对环境造成污染。
提供激光清洗系统，将所述待清洗物体5置于所述激光清洗系统中，并确定所述待清洗物体5的污染区域；
设定激光清洗系统参数并对所述污染区域进行激光扫描及辐照以清洗所述待清洗物体5；
去除清洗后的所述待清洗物体5上的残留污染物，并对所述污染物进行收集。其中，所述污染物未粘附于所述待清洗物体5上，即该步骤具体过程为所述待清洗物体5清洗后，去除所述待清洗物体5表面上残留但未粘附于所述待 清洗物体5的污染物，并将所述污染物收集。将所述污染物进行收集，以防止对环境造成污染。
请参见图2，上述的激光清洗系统包括激光发射装置1、设置与所述激光发射装置前的光束整形器件5、设置与所述激光发射装置1前的第一反射镜2、设置与所述第一反射镜2一侧的第二反射镜3及设置在所述第二反射镜3下方的平场透镜4，所述第一反射镜2由第一电机21控制，所述第二反射镜3由第二电机31控制。将去除表面颗粒物的所述待清洗物件置于所述平场透镜4的正下方，然后启动所述激光清洗系统进行清洗。在其他场景中，所述第一反射镜2及第二反射镜3也可为其他具有反射功能的元件，所述平场透镜4也可为其他具有聚焦能力的元件，所述第一电机21及第二电机31也可为其他可以控制物体位移或转动的元件，根据实际场景而定，在此不做限定。设置激光清洗系统的参数，所述参数包括光斑直径，所述光斑直径范围为0.25～2mm；输出激光功率，所述输出激光功率范围为20～400W；重频，所述重频范围为1～1000kHz；脉宽，所述脉宽范围为10～380ns；扫描速度，所述扫描速度为20～4000mm/s；步进间距，所述步进间距范围为0.010～1mm；扫描次数，所述扫描次数范围为1～10次。诚然，上述参数范围可根据实际应用场景制定，在此不做限制。
下面通过两个实施例对本发明的激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法进行更详细的描述，在下述实施例中，所述待清洗物体5为陶瓷。
实施例1：
清洗所述陶瓷表面的土锈层。所述土锈层厚度为150μm，将所述陶瓷置于所述激光清洗系统中，设定参数：光斑直径为1.2mm，输出激光功率为90W，波长为1064nm，重频为100kHz，脉宽为240ns，扫描速度为480mm/s，步进间距为0.281mm，扫描次数为1次。
实施例2：
清洗所述陶瓷表面的水锈层。所述水锈层厚度为150μm，将所述陶瓷置于所述激光清洗系统中，设定参数：光斑直径为1.2mm，输出激光功率为45W，波长为1064nm，重频为200kHz，脉宽为130ns，扫描速度为200mm/s，步进间 距为0.281mm，扫描次数为1次。
请参见图3，实施例1及实施例2的结果如图所示，激光辐照结束后，表面残留物可在小功率吸风机下清除。
实施例3：
与上述实施例1及实施例2不同的是，这次激光不辐照全部污染物，只辐照污染物的两侧，结果如图4所示。从图中可以明显看出，辐照区域发生剥离而未辐照区没有明显现象。
综上所述：采用激光扫描及辐照污染物，使得污染物升温膨胀，从而产生热应力或热振动及辐照后的其他作用致使污染物与待清洗物体5的表面剥离，从而达到清洗目的；通过去除待清洗物体5表面的颗粒物，从而减少在清洗过程中对待清洗物体5与污染层之间的热应力的影响。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：
    去除待清洗物体表面的可轻易脱离的污染物并收集所述可轻易脱离的污染物；
    提供激光清洗系统，将所述待清洗物体置于所述激光清洗系统中，并确定所述待清洗物体的污染区域；
    设定激光清洗系统参数并对所述污染区域进行激光扫描及辐照以清洗所述待清洗物体；
    去除清洗后的所述待清洗物体上的残留污染物，并对所述污染物进行收集。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法，其特征在于，所述参数包括辐照角度及波长，所述辐照角度为30°-90°，所述波长为532nm-10600nm。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法，其特征在于，所述参数包括光斑直径，所述光斑直径范围为0.25～2mm。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法，其特征在于，所述参数包括输出激光功率，所述输出激光功率范围为20～400W。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法，其特征在于，所述参数包括重频，所述重频范围为1～1000kHz。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法，其特征在于，所述参数包括脉宽，所述脉宽范围为10～380ns。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法，其特征在于，所述参数范围包括扫描速度，所述扫描速度为20～4000mm/s。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法，其特征在于，所述参数包括步进间距，所述步进间距范围为0.010～1mm。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法，其特征在于，所述参数包括扫描次数，所述扫描次数范围为1～10次。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的激光清洗物体表面污染层的方法，其特征在于，所述“去除清洗后的所述待清洗物体上的残留污染物，并对所述污染物进行收集”具体为：
    所述待清洗物体清洗后，去除所述待清洗物体表面上残留但未粘附于所述待清洗物体的污染物，并将所述污染物收集。
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