WO2020014946A1 - 面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪及使用方法 - Google Patents

面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪及使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020014946A1
WO2020014946A1 PCT/CN2018/096391 CN2018096391W WO2020014946A1 WO 2020014946 A1 WO2020014946 A1 WO 2020014946A1 CN 2018096391 W CN2018096391 W CN 2018096391W WO 2020014946 A1 WO2020014946 A1 WO 2020014946A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vibration
centrifugal
impact
cabin
hammer
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PCT/CN2018/096391
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李晖
陈俊杰
李林鲜
李圣昊
常新月
吕雨露
徐忠浩
吕海宇
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东北大学
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Publication of WO2020014946A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020014946A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M35/00—Means for application of stress for stimulating the growth of microorganisms or the generation of fermentation or metabolic products; Means for electroporation or cell fusion
    • C12M35/04—Mechanical means, e.g. sonic waves, stretching forces, pressure or shear stimuli
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
    • C12M41/34—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration of gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection equipment, in particular to a biodegradable bacteria separation and culture instrument for industrial malodorous sludge and a use method thereof.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable bacteria separation and culture instrument and use method for industrial malodorous sludge, which can realize various environmental stimuli such as centrifugation, vibration and impact on bacteria, and can It can vibrate clot sludge and make the bacteria contact with sludge more fully.
  • a biodegradable bacteria isolation and culture instrument for industrial malodorous sludge which includes a base, an independent cabin, a main shaft, a vibration hammer and a PLC controller;
  • the base is provided with a shell, and the inner wall of the shell is provided with a heating resistance wire.
  • a plurality of load-bearing columns are vertically arranged in the shell. One end of the load-bearing column is connected to the base, and one end of the supporting arm is connected to the load-bearing column.
  • an electromagnet is arranged in the supporting arm;
  • the independent cabin includes a top cover, a cabin body, a centrifugal mechanism, a point-by-point excitation mechanism, and an impact device;
  • the top cover is a transparent and circular structure, and an inner surface is provided with a circumferential chute, and the circumferential chute and the centrifugal
  • the slider in the mechanism is slidingly connected.
  • the centrifugal mechanism includes a centrifugal disc.
  • the centrifugal disc has a circular structure, and a key groove is provided in the middle of the centrifugal disc.
  • the centrifugal disc is provided with a plurality of fan-shaped grooves in a circumferential direction. The sector is connected to the guide rail of the fan-shaped groove.
  • the detachable sector is provided with a centrifugal test tube groove, and a high-strength test tube is installed in the centrifugal test tube groove.
  • a point-by-point excitation mechanism is provided below the centrifugal mechanism.
  • the slide rail support includes a slide rail support.
  • the slide rail support is a disc structure.
  • the circumference of the slide rail support is provided with a slide rail.
  • a plurality of protrusions disposed at equal distances along the circumferential direction of the slide rail support are slidably connected to the slide rail. It is connected to the shaker through a screw.
  • the top of the shaker is provided with a strong magnet.
  • the outer ring toothed screw nut is sleeved on the screw.
  • the outer ring toothed screw nut is arranged near the exciter.
  • One side of the vibrator, the outer ring toothed lead screw Meshed with the first gear, the first gear is connected to the first motor through a coupling, a second motor is provided on the upper part of the slide rail support, and the second motor is connected to the second gear through the coupling,
  • the second gear meshes with a planetary gear.
  • the planetary gear is externally fixed with a ring gear, and the ring gear is fixedly connected with the protrusion;
  • the impact motor of the impact device is fixedly connected with the inner surface of the side wall of the cabin, and the upper impact of the impact device
  • the hammer is arranged between the detachable sector and the top cover;
  • the cabin is transparent and a strong magnet is arranged around the wall, and a ring-shaped LED tube is surrounded in the cabin;
  • the lower part of the main rotating shaft is connected to the main rotating motor through a coupling.
  • the main rotating shaft includes a cylindrical bearing, a positioning spring, a movable four-way key, and a removable cover.
  • the main rotating shaft is vertically arranged and passes through the independent shaft.
  • the top cover and the cabin body are respectively connected with the cylindrical bearing of the main shaft, the centrifugal disc is connected with the movable four-position key of the main shaft, and the slide rail support is in interference fit with the main shaft;
  • the vibration hammer is disposed below the independent cabin, the bottom of the vibration hammer is fixedly connected to the base, and the upper part is connected to the independent cabin through a vibration transmission mechanism;
  • the PLC controller is respectively connected with the supporting arm, the centrifugal mechanism, the point-by-point excitation mechanism, the vibration hammer, the vibration transmission mechanism and the impact device, and respectively realizes the centrifugal, vibration and impact functions of the culture instrument.
  • the impact device includes an impact motor, the impact motor is connected to a cam, the cam is connected to a roller link through a fixed shaft, the roller link is connected to a high-strength steering buffer link, and the high-strength steering buffer
  • the connecting rod is connected with an impact hammer, the impact hammer includes an upper impact hammer and a lower impact hammer, and the rigid rod is further provided with a fixed rod grid, the fixed rod grid is below the lower impact hammer, and the fixed rod The grid is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the independent cabin.
  • the vibration hammer includes a vibration platform, an upper portion of the vibration platform is connected to the vibration transmission mechanism, a lower portion thereof is connected to a vibration conversion table, a lower portion of the vibration conversion table is fixedly connected to the bottom plate, and the vibration conversion table includes A third motor, which is connected to a first rotation shaft of the vibration generating device through a transmission belt; the first rotation shaft is provided with a first transmission gear and a first eccentric block; the first transmission gear is connected to the second rotation shaft A second transmission gear is engaged, a second eccentric block is disposed on the second transmission shaft, the first eccentric block and the eccentric portion of the second eccentric block are opposite to each other, and a bearing plate is provided at the lower portion of the vibration generating device
  • the upper surface of the carrier plate is connected to the upper buffer spring, and the lower surface thereof is connected to the lower buffer spring.
  • the vibration transmission mechanism includes a base rod, one end of which is connected to the vibrating hammer through a small piece of electromagnet, and the other end of which is connected to one end of a sleeve rod, and the other end of the sleeve rod is connected to one end of the main arm and One end of a mobile auxiliary rod is connected, the other end of the main boom is connected to the load bearing column, and the other end of the mobile auxiliary rod is connected to the independent cabin through a vibration transmission spring.
  • a counterweight linkage rod is provided at the upper part of the ring gear, and the counterweight linkage rod is connected to the protrusion.
  • the main rotating shaft further includes a steering gear, the steering gear is connected to a third gear through a coupling, the third gear meshes with a rack, and an upper surface of the movable four-position key is connected with the rack, The lower surface is connected with a vertical limit rod.
  • the biodegradable bacteria separation and culture instrument for industrial malodorous sludge further includes a monitoring and emergency device, and the monitoring and emergency device is disposed on the top of the casing.
  • the above-mentioned method for using the biodegradable bacteria isolation and culture instrument for industrial malodorous sludge includes:
  • Step 1 Restore the toggle switch to the default position, and the composite buttons are in the inactive state to turn on the machine;
  • Step 2 Put the industrial odor sludge inoculated with each bacterial group into the high-intensity test tube, place the high-intensity test tube in the detachable sector, and then rotate the centrifuge disk to place multiple Fill the centrifuge disc one by one by removing the sectors;
  • Step 3 Set the temperature and light intensity of each independent cabin
  • Step 4 When vibration stimulus needs to be applied, (1) when selecting overall vibration, input the vibration excitation amplitude and stimulus application time, cut off the magnetic connection between the independent cabin and the bracket arm, and establish the magnetic force between the independent cabin and the sleeve rod Contact and activate the vibrating hammer to the working state, start to apply the overall vibration stimulus, and reset itself after the work is finished; (2) When selecting the layered vibration, enter the vibration excitation amplitude and the stimulus application time, select the independent cabin that needs vibration, and uncheck The independent chamber of the vehicle establishes a magnetic connection with the support arm and simultaneously disconnects the magnetic connection with the sleeve rod. The vibrating hammer starts to work, and the selected independent chamber is vibrated. The stimulation application is ended and automatically resets.
  • the PLC controller activates the forward rotation of the servos of each layer, and through the gears and racks, drives the movable four-position key to move downward, so that the movable four-position key is embedded in the key slot of the centrifugal disk.
  • the main rotation motor is started to drive each layer
  • the centrifugal disk of the independent cabin rotates at the input speed;
  • the rotation speed and the stimulus application time are input, and the independent cabin to which the centrifugal stimulus is to be applied is selected.
  • the corresponding steering gear rotates forward, and through the gears and racks, the movable four-position key is moved downward, so that the movable four-position key is embedded in the key slot of the centrifugal disk.
  • the key slot corresponding to the centrifugal disc is embedded, and the main rotating motor is started, which drives the centrifugal disc of the independent cabin to which centrifugal stimulus is applied to rotate at the input speed, and the independent cabin without centrifugal stimulus is not affected; when point-by-point excitation stimulation is required, Selecting the sector to be excited, the first motor drives the outer ring toothed screw nut to rotate, so that the shaker fixed on the lead screw can stand against the selected removable sector, and the top of the shaker The strong magnet attracts the removable sector, so that the vibrated removable sector leaves the centrifuge disk in the direction of the guide rail, so that the vibration stimulus applied to one removable sector will not affect the other removable sectors;
  • Step 5 When an impact needs to be applied to a detachable sector, the detachable sector to be impacted is selected, and the PLC controller periodically drives the main shaft to rotate through a certain angle, so that the upper impact hammer and the selected detachable fan The impacted positions of the areas are overlapped, and then the impact motor is controlled to drive the cam to rotate, so that the upper impact hammer impacts the selected detachable sector, and vibrates the clot sludge to make the bacteria contact with the sludge more fully;
  • Step 6 When the gas concentration detection device in the independent cabin detects that the concentration of malodorous and harmful gas is too high, it automatically starts the monitoring and emergency device for emergency treatment, sprays a mist that can absorb harmful gas and alarms. After receiving the alarm, the relevant personnel should Take corresponding emergency measures immediately to ensure the safety of the experiment.
  • vibration stimulus, centrifugal stimulus, and point-by-point stimulus in step 4 of the method for using a biodegradable bacterial separation and culture instrument for industrial malodorous sludge can be applied to each of the independent compartments.
  • the technical effect of the biodegradable bacterial separation and culture instrument and the use method for industrial malodorous sludge in the present invention is that by applying various harsh environmental stimuli such as centrifugation, vibration and impact to each experimental bacterial flora, it is a matter of natural selection. , Screen out the most adaptable bacteria group and can perform the most efficient treatment of industrial malodorous sludge, solve the technical problem that the stubborn malodorous industrial sludge is difficult to be adjusted according to local conditions; the impact device can be used to remove the high-intensity test tube.
  • the sector impacts, and the clot sludge is dispersed to make the bacteria contact with the sludge more fully, which solves the technical problem of clot in the mixed culture of bacteria and malodorous sludge; the culture instrument is in a closed environment during work. Will not cause harmful odorous gas to escape into the working environment of the experimenter, prevent the gas from causing damage to the health of the staff, also ensure the research environment of the staff, promote research efficiency, and set up harmful odor gas monitoring devices and absorption devices, Prevents harm to workers in the special case of harmful gas overflow.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a biodegradable bacteria isolation and culture instrument provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a supporting arm and a bearing column provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a supporting arm provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an independent cabin provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a centrifuge disk provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a removable sector provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a detachable sector installed in a centrifugal disk provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a point-by-point excitation mechanism provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an outer ring toothed screw nut provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an impact device provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a main rotating shaft provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view of a steering gear, a third gear, a rack and a movable four-position key provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a movable four-position key provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a vibration hammer provided by the present invention.
  • 15 is a schematic diagram of a third motor and a transmission belt provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a vibration generating device provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a vibration transmission mechanism provided by the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a biodegradable bacterial separation and culture instrument for industrial malodorous sludge, which includes a base 4, an independent cabin 3, a main shaft 5, and vibration. Hammer and PLC controller.
  • a housing 1 is provided on the base 4, a slideway is provided on the housing 1, and the slideway door 6 is connected to the slideway.
  • the inner wall of the housing 1 is provided with a heating resistance wire, the heating resistance wire is equidistantly set, and the PLC controller output port and resistance wire input The port is connected.
  • the PLC controller controls the current flowing through the heating resistance wire to achieve the function of applying temperature stimulus by controlling the temperature.
  • the monitoring and emergency device is set on the top of the casing 1.
  • the casing 1 is a bullet type.
  • the emergency device is installed on the bullet part of the upper part of the shell.
  • the input port of the monitoring and emergency device is connected to the output port of the PLC controller.
  • the poison gas monitoring sensor can detect and absorb harmful odor gas in real time when a gas leak occurs in the test tube or the circuit is shorted, and immediately Shut off the main power and release dry powder spray to extinguish the fire.
  • a plurality of load-bearing columns 2 are vertically arranged in the casing 1.
  • the load-bearing columns 2 are supporting bases of the entire culture instrument. One end of the load-bearing column 2 is connected to the base 4.
  • One end of the supporting arm 7 is connected to the load-bearing column 2. The other end is connected to the independent cabin. 3, the support arm 7 is connected with the load bearing column 2 by bolts.
  • the support arm 7 is provided with an electromagnet to keep the independent cabin 3 in a stable state when it does not need vibration.
  • the electromagnet is energized and the independent cabin 3 is stabilized by a strong adsorption force. Load bearing, not affected by other imposed factors; when the independent chamber 3 needs to be vibrated, the power to the electromagnet is disconnected, and only the bevel of the lower end of the support arm 7 is supported to limit its horizontal movement and ensure vertical direction The degree of freedom is not affected.
  • the base 4 is made of solid high-quality metal, and is placed on the ground as the cornerstone of the incubator to ensure the strength and increase the stability of the incubator, to avoid the instability of the incubator during vibration or centrifugation. The occurrence of the phenomenon prevents the internal structure from running unexpectedly at high speed and endangers the experimenters.
  • the load-bearing column 2 is connected to the base 4 by bolts.
  • the base 4 and the load-bearing column 2 are used to support the culture instrument.
  • An electromagnet is arranged in the support arm 7 When a certain independent cabin 3 does not need to apply vibration, energize and activate the electromagnet of this layer, turn on the adsorption of the electromagnet, so that the independent cabin 3 and the supporting arm 7 are attracted; when a certain independent cabin 3 needs to apply vibration, disconnect the The floor is energized, and the inclined surface of the support arm 7 plays a role of supporting the independent cabin 3, and the inclined surface is provided with a spring for buffering the impact.
  • the independent cabin 3 includes a top cover, a cabin body, a centrifugal mechanism, a point-by-point excitation mechanism, and an impact device;
  • the top cover is a transparent and circular structure, the top cover is a detachable top cover, and a circumferential chute is provided on the inner surface of the top cover.
  • the circumferential chute is slidably connected with the slider 60 in the centrifugal mechanism, and plays a role of supporting the centrifugal disk 57 and provides a vertical constraint for the centrifugal disk 57 without interfering with the realization of the centrifugal function, so that it can rotate around the main axis of rotation. 5 Spin.
  • a centrifugal mechanism for fully mixing the bacterial flora with industrial malodorous sludge including a centrifugal disc 57 which has a circular structure, and a key groove is provided in the middle of the centrifugal disc 57.
  • a plurality of sectors are provided in the centrifugal disc 57 along the circumferential direction.
  • the detachable sector 58 is connected to the guide rail 16 of the fan-shaped groove. In this embodiment, the number of the detachable sector 58 is six.
  • the detachable sector 58 is placed in the centrifuge disk 57 through the guide rail 16, and the guide rail 16 can be implemented.
  • the detachable sector 58 vibrates up and down along a plane perpendicular to the centrifuge disk 57.
  • the detachable sector 58 is provided with a centrifugal test tube groove.
  • the centrifugal test tube groove is set at different angles.
  • a high-strength test tube 59 is installed in the centrifugal test tube groove.
  • the strength test tube 59 is placed in the centrifugal test tube grooves with different radii according to the angle corresponding to the centrifugal test tube groove.
  • the high-strength test tube 59 is a centrifugal test tube unique to the culture instrument that can meet various conditions.
  • the culture instrument is provided with three
  • the independent cabins 3 are connected to the main rotating shaft 5 through ball bearings to realize the split function.
  • the three independent cabins 3 can be linked by an electromagnet and a vibration transmission mechanism to implement layer-by-layer vibration. Shock.
  • a point-by-point excitation mechanism is provided below the centrifugal mechanism to apply independent vibration stimulation.
  • the point-by-point excitation mechanism includes a slide rail support 44 which is a disc structure and has slide rails on its circumference.
  • the protrusions 43 equidistantly arranged along the circumferential direction of the slide rail support 44 are slidably connected to the slide rail.
  • one protrusion 43 is connected to the exciter 38 through the lead screw 39, and the exciter 38 is used to realize different detachable fans.
  • a strong magnet is provided on the top of the exciter 38.
  • the outer ring toothed screw nut 40 is sleeved on the screw 39.
  • the outer ring toothed screw nut 40 and the screw 39 are connected by balls.
  • a ring-toothed lead screw nut 40 is provided on a side of the protrusion 43 near the exciter 38.
  • the outer ring-toothed lead screw nut 40 meshes with the first gear 41, and the first gear 41 is connected to the first motor through a coupling 29
  • the first motor drives the outer ring toothed screw nut 40 to rotate through the first gear 41, thereby driving the screw 39 to move up and down, so that the vertical height of the exciter 38 can be adjusted.
  • the outer ring toothed screw nut 40 and the first The motor is placed in a slot unique to the slide rail support 44.
  • the upper part of the slide rail support 44 is provided with a second motor.
  • the machine is connected to the second gear 45 through the coupling 29, the second gear 45 is meshed with the planetary gear 46, the ring gear 47 is fixedly mounted on the planet gear 46, the ring gear 47 is fixedly connected to the protrusion 43, and the upper part of the ring gear 47 is provided with
  • the counterweight linkage lever 42 is connected to the protrusion 43.
  • the counterweight linkage lever 42 is a triangle with each vertex It is connected with a protrusion 43 to make the protrusion 43 rotate more smoothly.
  • the exciter 38 is installed on the protrusion 43 and the protrusion 43 is slidably connected with the slide rail support 44 to realize the autonomous position of the exciter 38 in the plane. Adjustment, the slide rail support 44 and the main shaft 5 are in interference fit, and the shaker 38 and the centrifugal mechanism can be rotated at the same speed, so that the high-intensity test tube 59 can be applied at the same time as the centrifugal stimulation and point-wise excitation stimulation. Independent displacement by planetary gear 46, not by main Rotating shaft 5 position adjustment.
  • the impact motor 48 of the impact device is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the side wall of the cabin.
  • the upper impact hammer of the impact device is disposed between the removable sector 58 and the top cover.
  • the impact device includes an impact motor 48, and the impact motor 48 is connected to the cam 49.
  • the cam 49 is connected to the roller link 50 through the fixed shaft 51.
  • the roller link 50 is connected to the high-strength steering buffer link 52.
  • the high-strength steering buffer link 52 is connected to the impact hammer.
  • the impact hammer includes an upper impact hammer 56 and
  • the lower impact hammer 55 and the rigid rod 53 are further provided with a fixed rod grid 54 below the lower impact hammer 55.
  • the fixed rod grid 54 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the independent cabin 3, and functions as a frame.
  • the impact device is used to apply high-intensity vibration to crush the clot.
  • the impact motor 48 drives the cam 49 to move.
  • the cam 49 drives the roller link 50 and the high-strength steering buffer link 52 to rotate at a small angle to convert the linear motion. It is a high-speed reciprocating motion of the impact hammer in the vertical direction, so as to apply impact stimulation to the removable sector 58.
  • the cabin is transparent and strong magnets are arranged around the wall. Four strong magnets are evenly distributed around the wall. The strong magnet and the support arm 7 are switched on and off to realize the support function when applying different stimuli.
  • the cabin is surrounded by a ring.
  • the input port of the LED tube is connected to the output end of the PLC controller, which can adjust the brightness and apply different intensity of light stimulation.
  • the lower part of the main rotating shaft 5 is connected to the main rotating motor 28 through a coupling 29.
  • the main rotating shaft 5 includes a cylindrical bearing 30, a positioning spring 31, a movable four-position key 32, and a removable cover.
  • the main rotating shaft 5 further includes a steering gear 34, The steering gear 34 is connected to the third gear 35 through a coupling 29, the third gear 35 is meshed with the rack 36, the upper surface of the movable four-position key 32 is connected to the rack 36, and the lower surface is connected to the vertical limit rod 37
  • the main shaft 5 is vertically arranged and passes through the independent cabin 3.
  • the top cover and the cabin are respectively connected to the cylindrical bearings 30 of the main shaft 5.
  • the centrifuge disk 57 is connected to the movable four-position key 32 of the main shaft 5 and the slide rail.
  • the support 44 is in interference fit with the main shaft 5.
  • the steering gear 34 is turned on, the third gear 35 is rotated and the rack 36 is moved downward to push
  • the movable four-position key 32 is connected to the keyway of the centrifugal plate 57 to realize synchronous rotation.
  • the keyway of the centrifugal plate 57 is not connected to the corresponding movable four-position key 32 and no centrifugation is applied. stimulate.
  • the vibration hammer is arranged below the independent cabin 3 for applying vibration stimulation.
  • the bottom of the vibration hammer is fixedly connected to the base 4 and the upper part is connected to the independent cabin 3 through a vibration transmission mechanism.
  • the vibration hammer includes a vibration platform 9 and an upper part of the vibration platform 9 It is connected with the vibration transmission mechanism, and its lower part is connected with the vibration conversion table 10, and the lower part of the vibration conversion table 10 is fixedly connected with the bottom plate.
  • the vibration conversion table 10 includes a third motor 14, and the third motor 14 is connected with the first part of the vibration generating device 13 through the transmission belt 15.
  • a rotation shaft 19 is connected.
  • the first rotation shaft 19 is provided with a first transmission gear 17 and a first eccentric block.
  • the first transmission gear 17 is engaged with a second transmission gear on the second rotation shaft.
  • the second transmission shaft is provided with a second eccentricity.
  • Block 18, the eccentric portions of the first eccentric block and the second eccentric block 18 are opposite to each other, and a bearing plate 33 is provided at the lower portion of the vibration generating device 13, the upper surface of the bearing plate 33 is connected to the upper buffer spring 11, and the lower surface thereof is connected to the lower buffer spring
  • the carrier plate 33 is provided with two buffer springs 11 and two lower buffer springs 12, and the third motor 14 drives the first rotating shaft 19 to rotate through the transmission belt 15, thereby driving the first
  • the first transmission gear 17 on the rotating shaft 19 and the second transmission gear on the second rotating shaft mesh with each other to realize common rotation of the two shafts, so that the first eccentric block and the second eccentric block 18 rotate concentrically, and transmit the vibration to the bearing plate 33.
  • the direction is changed by the buffer spring 11 and the lower buffer spring 12 so as to realize up and down vibration.
  • a vibration transmission mechanism for transmitting vibration including a base rod 20, one end of which is connected to a vibrating hammer through a small piece of electromagnet 23, the other end is connected to one end of a sleeve rod 21, and the other ends of the sleeve rod 21 are respectively connected to the main arm
  • One end of 22 is connected to one end of the mobile auxiliary rod 26 to form a spherical pair.
  • the other end of the main arm 22 is connected to the load bearing column 2.
  • the other end of the mobile auxiliary rod 26 is connected to the independent cabin 3 through a vibration transmission spring 27, and the mobile auxiliary rod is connected.
  • the rod 26 and the vertical restraint welded to the lower part of the independent cabin 3 constitute a moving pair.
  • Each independent cabin 3 is connected to a vibration transmission mechanism.
  • a small electromagnet 23 is attached to the vibration platform 9 and threaded.
  • the base rod 20 is fixed to the small electromagnetic
  • the sleeve rod 21 is composed of two rods, and the middle part is connected by an electromagnetic sleeve.
  • the main arm 22 is a retractable rod.
  • the main arm 22 and the auxiliary sleeve 8 form a cylindrical pair, and the main arm 22 is connected to the load bearing column 2 through the auxiliary sleeve 8 and mainly plays a supporting role. It does not participate in the vibration transmission process.
  • the mobile auxiliary rod 26 and vertical restraint convert irregular movements into regular ones. Up and down movement, vibration of the shaking table The motion is transmitted to the vertical restraint of the independent cabin 3 through the cylindrical pair, the spherical pair and the moving pair, and then transmitted to the independent cabin 3 through the vibration transmission spring 27.
  • the PLC controller is connected to the support arm 7, the centrifugal mechanism, the point-by-point excitation mechanism, the vibration hammer, the vibration transmission mechanism and the impact device, respectively, to realize the centrifugal, vibration and impact functions of the incubator, respectively.
  • the circuit in the support arm 7 is connected to the electromagnet, and the circuit input end is connected to the PLC controller output end.
  • the PLC controller controls the circuit to supply power to make the electromagnet active.
  • the PLC controller The control circuit is de-energized, and the electromagnet does not work; the input of the main rotation motor 28 is electrically connected to the output of the PLC controller to control the rotation speed of the main rotation motor 28, thereby controlling the centrifugal speed.
  • Each slip ring electric generator is connected to the PLC controller.
  • the PLC controller controls the power supply of the slip ring electric generator, which drives the steering gear 34 to rotate forward, and realizes the connection of the movable four-position key 32 and the centrifugal disk 57 key slot key.
  • the power supply of the slip ring electrical machine is stopped, the steering gear 34 is stopped, the positioning spring 31 drives the movable four-position key 32 to reset; the input terminal of the first motor of the point-by-point excitation mechanism is connected to the PLC controller output terminal with the Bluetooth module, and receives
  • the controller is located inside the protrusion of the mounting screw 39, and the two are connected through a wireless signal.
  • the PLC controller controls the forward and reverse rotation speed of the first motor, and then controls the up and down movement of the screw 39 and the exciter 38.
  • the two motor inputs are connected to the PLC controller output and the Bluetooth module.
  • the receiver is located inside the slide rail support 44. The two are connected by wireless signals.
  • the PLC controller controls the second motor to rotate, which in turn drives the ring gear 47 and the protrusion.
  • the circuit input terminal and the PLC controller establish a wireless connection through the Bluetooth module.
  • the wireless signal transmission control circuit is used to supply power, activate the electromagnet, and adsorb the ball connecting rod to achieve a tight fit and transmit vibration.
  • the input terminal of the impact motor 48 of the impact device It is connected to the output end of the PLC controller through a line, and the impact frequency is controlled by controlling the speed of the motor.
  • the model of the PLC controller is CPU226CN.
  • the above-mentioned method for using the biodegradable bacteria isolation and culture instrument for industrial malodorous sludge includes:
  • Step 1 Restore the toggle switch to the default position, and the composite buttons are in the inactive state to turn on the machine;
  • Step 2 Put the industrial foul sludge inoculated with each bacterial group into the high-strength test tube 59, place the high-strength test tube 59 in the removable sector 58, and then rotate the centrifuge disk 57, Fill the centrifuge disc 57 with the multiple removable sectors 58 one by one through the guide rail 16;
  • Step 3 Set the temperature and light intensity of each independent cabin 3;
  • Step 4 When vibration stimulus needs to be applied, (1) When selecting overall vibration, input the vibration excitation amplitude and stimulus application time, cut off the magnetic connection between the independent cabin 3 and the support arm 7, and establish the independent cabin 3 and the cover. The magnetic force of the rod 21 contacts and activates the vibrating hammer to the working state, and starts to apply the overall vibration stimulus, and resets itself after the work is completed; (2) When selecting the layered vibration, input the vibration excitation amplitude and the stimulus application time, and select the independent that needs vibration Cabin 3, the unselected independent tank 3 establishes a magnetic connection with the support arm 7 and disconnects the magnetic connection with the sleeve 21, the vibration hammer starts to work, and the selected independent tank 3 is vibrated, and the stimulation application is ended and reset automatically; centrifugal stimulation is required (1) When the overall centrifugation is selected, the PLC controller activates the servos of each layer 34 to rotate forward, and through the gear and rack 36, drives the movable four-position key 32 to move downward, so that the movable four
  • the main rotating motor 28 is started, which drives the centrifugal disk 57 of the independent compartment 3 of each floor to rotate at the input speed;
  • the steering gear 34 corresponding to the independent cabin 3 rotates forward, and through the gear and rack 36, the movable four-position key 32 is caused to move downward, so that the movable four-position key 32 is embedded in the key slot of the centrifuge disc 57.
  • the movable four-position key 32 of the independent chamber 3 to which the centrifugal stimulus is applied is not embedded in the key groove corresponding to the centrifuge disc 57.
  • the main rotating motor 28 is started, and the centrifuge disc 57 of the independent chamber 3 to be subjected to the centrifugal stimulus is rotated at the input speed, and no The independent chamber 3 of the centrifugal stimulation is not affected; when the point-wise excitation stimulation is required, the sector to be excited is selected, and the first motor drives the outer ring toothed screw nut 40 to rotate and fix the screw
  • the exciter 38 on 39 is against the selected removable sector 58.
  • the strong magnet on the top of the exciter 38 attracts the removable sector 58 so that the vibrated removable sector 58 leaves the centrifuge disc in the direction of the guide rail 16. 57 so that the vibration stimulus applied to one removable sector 58 does not affect the other removable sectors 58;
  • Step 5 When an impact needs to be applied to a detachable sector 58, the detachable sector 58 to be impacted is selected, and the PLC controller periodically drives the main rotating shaft 5 through a certain angle, so that the upper impact hammer 56 and the selected The impact position of the removable sector 58 coincides, and the impact motor 48 is controlled to drive the cam 49 to rotate, so that the upper impact hammer 56 impacts the selected removable sector 58 to disperse the clot sludge and make the flora More full contact with sludge;
  • Step 6 When the gas concentration detection device in the independent cabin 3 detects that the concentration of foul and harmful gases is too high, it automatically starts the monitoring and emergency device for emergency treatment, sprays a mist that can absorb harmful gases and alarms. After receiving the alarm, the relevant personnel Corresponding measures should be taken immediately to ensure the safety of the experiment.
  • vibration stimulus, centrifugal stimulus, and point-by-point stimulus in step 4 of the method for using a biodegradable bacterial separation and culture instrument for industrial malodorous sludge can be applied to each of the independent tanks 3 .

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Abstract

一种面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪及使用方法，其中面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪包括底座（4），承重柱（2）的一端与底座（4）连接，托臂（7）的一端与承重柱（2）连接，另一端与独立舱（3）连接，主转轴（5）竖向设置且穿过独立舱（3），振动锤设置在独立舱（3）的下方，振动锤的底部与底座（4）连接，其上部通过振动传递机构与独立舱（3）下部的振动传递弹簧（27）连接，PLC控制器分别与托臂（7）、离心机构、逐点激振机构、振动锤、振动传递机构和冲击装置连接。面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪及使用方法，实现对细菌施加离心、振动和冲击等多种环境刺激，并且能够振散凝块污泥，使菌群与污泥接触更加充分。

Description

面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪及使用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及环保设备技术领域，特别涉及一种面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪及使用方法。
背景技术
由于国内技术产业的快速发展以及过去人们的环保意识淡薄，越来越多短视的企业家为了追求利益的最大化，无视了环保问题，将未经处理的工业污泥偷偷排放或者直接转移到郊区填埋，日积月累，近年来不断爆发的环境危机，让环境问题浮出水面，跃然人们的视野之中，唤起了人们忽视已久的环保意识。目前如何有效治理工业污水及污泥已经成为社会亟待解决的一个难题。
工业污水和污泥不仅自身对人们赖以生存的环境造成极大的破坏，而且随着污泥的日积月累，绝大多数工业污水和污泥还带有难闻的恶臭味，有些即使在浓度很低且距离很远的情况下,也能对嗅觉器官产生很大的刺激，从而对周边空气的污染给城乡居民带来了极其严重的影响。
虽然国际上的工业污水处理工艺已经相对成熟，不过对多样化的工业污泥处理，却仍没有有效的解决办法，例如我国城市周边乡镇的工业污泥池，工业污泥所产生的恶臭气体肆意弥漫，已经导致全体居民不得已背井离乡，迁往其他乡镇生活。解决该问题的难点就在于工业污泥中有害成分的多样性，并没有能针对其中有害成分的最有效处理方式。目前对于处理有害元素问题的普遍而高效的解决方式是生物处理法，针对不同的元素，培养不同的菌群进行处理。因此，我们迫切的需要筛选出一种能够在恶劣环境下最有效的处理工业污泥的菌群，且提高其生存率，以高效地解决工业恶臭污泥带来的负面影响与环境问题，并为同类问题提供值得借鉴的解决方案。
然而，目前市场上已有的一些培养箱仅针对单方面影响因素来对细菌进行筛选和培育，并没有一种能够同时施加多种恶劣环境刺激的培养仪，如：离心旋转、振动、冲击等功能，以模拟“物竞天择”环境来培育更加适应各种恶劣环境且生存率高的菌群，同时也可利用冲击的强大能量将菌群在吞食恶臭污泥时产生的“凝块”现象解决。再者，在生物降解菌群对工业污泥进行处理的同时，对于可能产生的恶臭气体，传统培养箱并没有能够针对其进行有效处理的工艺，若在培养施加刺激过程中试管出现泄漏现象，释放出的有毒恶臭易爆气体也无法立刻被吸收且难以阻止其扩散，危及实验人员生命安全。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的问题，本发明的目的是提供一种面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪及使用方法，实现对细菌施加离心、振动和冲击等多种环境刺激，并且能够能振散凝块污泥，使菌群与污泥接触更加充分。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明的技术方案是：
一种面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪，包括底座、独立舱、主转轴、振动锤和PLC控制器；
底座上设置有外壳，所述外壳的内壁设置有发热电阻丝，所述外壳内竖向设置多个承重柱，所述承重柱的一端与底座连接，托臂的一端与承重柱连接，另一端与独立舱连接，所述托臂内设置有电磁铁；
独立舱包括顶盖、舱体、离心机构、逐点激振机构和冲击装置；所述顶盖是透明的且为圆形结构，其内表面设置有圆周滑槽，所述圆周滑槽与离心机构中的滑块滑动连接，所述离心机构包括离心盘，所述离心盘为圆形结构，且离心盘中部设置有键槽，所述离心盘沿周向设置有多个扇形槽，可拆卸扇区与扇形槽的导轨连接，所述可拆卸扇区上设置有离心试管槽，高强度试管安装在离心试管槽中；所述离心机构的下方设置有逐点激振机构，逐点激振机构包括滑轨支座，滑轨支座为圆盘结构，其圆周设置有滑轨，多个沿滑轨支座周向等距离设置的凸起与所述滑轨滑动连接，其中，一个凸起与激振器通过丝杠连接，所述激振器的顶部设置有强磁铁，外环齿形丝杠螺母套接在丝杠上，所述外环齿形丝杠螺母设置在凸起靠近激振器的一侧，所述外环齿形丝杠螺母与第一齿轮啮合，所述第一齿轮通过联轴器与第一电机连接，所述滑轨支座的上部设置有第二电机，所述第二电机通过联轴器与第二齿轮连接，第二齿轮与行星齿轮啮合，所述行星齿轮外固装有齿圈，所述齿圈与凸起固定连接；冲击装置的冲击电机与舱体的侧壁内表面固定连接，冲击装置的上冲击锤设置在可拆卸扇区与顶盖之间；所述舱体是透明的且壁周设置有强磁铁，所述舱体内环绕有环形LED灯管；
主转轴的下部通过联轴器与主转电机连接，所述主转轴包括圆柱轴承、定位弹簧、可动四位键和可卸盖板，所述主转轴竖向设置，且穿过所述独立舱，所述顶盖和舱体分别与主转轴的圆柱轴承连接，所述离心盘与主转轴的可动四位键键连接，所述滑轨支座与主转轴过盈配合；
振动锤设置在所述独立舱的下方，所述振动锤的底部与底座固定连接，其上部通过振动传递机构与独立舱连接；
PLC控制器分别与托臂、离心机构、逐点激振机构、振动锤、振动传递机构和冲击装置连接，分别实现所述培养仪的离心、振动和冲击功能。
所述冲击装置包括冲击电机，所述冲击电机与凸轮连接，所述凸轮通过定轴与滚子连杆 连接，所述滚子连杆与高强度转向缓冲连杆连接，所述高强度转向缓冲连杆与冲击锤连接，所述冲击锤包括上冲击锤和下冲击锤，所述刚性杆件还设有固定杆格，所述固定杆格在所述下冲击锤的下方，所述固定杆格与所述独立舱的舱体内壁固定连接。
所述振动锤包括振动平台，所述振动平台的上部与所述振动传递机构连接，其下部与振动转化台连接，所述振动转化台的下部与所述底板固定连接，所述振动转化台包括第三电机，所述第三电机通过传动带与振动发生装置的第一转轴连接，所述第一转轴上设置有第一传动齿轮和第一偏心块，所述第一传动齿轮与第二转轴上的第二传动齿轮啮合，所述第二传动轴上设置有第二偏心块，所述第一偏心块和所述第二偏心块的偏心部相对，所述振动发生装置的下部设置有承载板，所述承载板的上表面与上缓冲弹簧连接，其下表面与下缓冲弹簧连接。
所述振动传递机构包括基杆，所述基杆的一端通过小块电磁铁与所述振动锤连接，另一端与套杆的一端连接，所述套杆的另一端分别与主臂的一端和移动副杆的一端连接，所述主臂的另一端与所述承重柱连接，所述移动副杆的另一端通过振动传递弹簧与所述独立舱连接。
所述齿圈上部设置有配重联动杆，所述配重联动杆与所述凸起连接。
所述主转轴还包括舵机，所述舵机通过联轴器与第三齿轮连接，所述第三齿轮与齿条啮合，所述可动四位键的上表面与所述齿条连接，下表面与竖直方向限制杆连接。
所述面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪还包括监测和应急装置，所述监测和应急装置设置在所述外壳的顶部。
上述面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪的使用方法，包括：
步骤1、将拨动开关恢复默认位置，各复合按钮处于未激活状态，开启机器；
步骤2、将等质量接种各菌群的工业恶臭污泥放入到所述高强度试管中，将高强度试管放置在所述可拆卸扇区中，再转动所述离心盘，将多块可拆卸扇区逐一通过导轨填满离心盘；
步骤3、设定各独立舱温度与光强；
步骤4、需施加振动刺激时，(1)选择整体振动时，输入振动激励幅度及刺激施加时间，切断所述独立舱与所述托臂的磁力联系，建立独立舱与所述套杆的磁力联系并激活所述振动锤至工作状态，开始施加整体振动刺激，工作结束后自行复位；(2)选择分层振动时，输入振动激励幅度及刺激施加时间，选中需要振动的独立舱，未选中的独立舱与托臂建立磁力联系同时断开与套杆的磁力联系，振动锤开始工作，振动选中的独立舱，刺激施加结束，自动复位；需施加离心刺激时，(1)选择整体离心时，PLC控制器激活各层舵机正转，经齿轮及齿条，带动可动四位键向下运动，使可动四位键嵌入离心盘的键槽，所述主转电机启动，带动各层独立舱的离心盘以输入转速转动；(2)选择分层离心时，输入转速及刺激施加时间，选中需施加离心刺激的独立舱，所述独立舱对应的舵机正转，经齿轮及齿条，带动可动四位 键向下运动，使可动四位键嵌入离心盘的键槽，不需要施加离心刺激的独立舱的可动四位键未嵌入对应离心盘的键槽，主转电机启动，带动需施加离心刺激的独立舱的离心盘以输入转速转动，不需要施加离心刺激的独立舱不受影响；当需施加逐点激振刺激时，选择需激振扇区，所述第一电机带动所述外环齿形丝杠螺母转动，使固定在丝杠上的激振器顶住已选择的可拆卸扇区，所述激振器顶部的强磁铁吸附可拆卸扇区，使受振的可拆卸扇区沿导轨方向离开离心盘，从而向一个可拆卸扇区施加振动刺激时不影响其他可拆卸扇区；
步骤5、当需对某个可拆卸扇区施加冲击时，选定待冲击的可拆卸扇区，PLC控制器周期性带动主转轴转过一定角度，使上冲击锤与选定的可拆卸扇区受冲击的位置重合，进而控制所述冲击电机带动凸轮转动，使上冲击锤对选中的可拆卸扇区进行冲击，振散凝块污泥，使菌群与污泥接触更加充分；
步骤6、独立舱内的气体浓度检测装置监测到恶臭有害气体浓度过高时，自动启动监测和应急装置进行紧急处理，喷出可吸收有害气体的喷雾并报警，接到报警后，有关人员应立即做出相应应急措施，以保证实验安全。
所述面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪的使用方法的步骤4中的振动刺激、离心刺激和逐点激振刺激中的一种或多种能够施加于每个所述独立舱。
本发明中的面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪及使用方法的技术效果是，通过对各实验菌群施加离心、振动和冲击等多种恶劣环境刺激，通过物竞天择的方式，筛选出适应性最强的菌群并能对工业恶臭污泥进行最高效的处理，解决了顽固恶臭工业污泥难以因地制宜得到解决的技术问题；通过冲击装置对装有高强度试管的可拆卸扇区进行冲击，振散凝块污泥，使菌群与污泥接触更加充分，解决菌群与恶臭污泥混合培养中的有凝块的技术问题；培养仪在工作时处于密闭环境中，不会造成有害恶臭气体溢散到实验人员工作环境中，防止气体对工作人员健康造成损害，也保证了工作人员的研究环境，促进了研究效率，并设置了有害恶臭气体监测装置与吸收装置，防止了有害气体溢出的特殊情况下对工作人员造成伤害。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的生物降解细菌分离培养仪的剖视示意图；
图2是本发明提供的托臂和承重柱的示意图；
图3是本发明提供的托臂的示意图；
图4是本发明提供的独立舱的剖视示意图；
图5是本发明提供的离心盘的结构示意图；
图6是本发明提供的可拆卸扇区的结构示意图；
图7是本发明提供的可拆卸扇区安装在离心盘内的结构示意图；
图8是本发明提供的逐点激振机构的结构示意图；
图9是本发明提供的外环齿形丝杠螺母的结构示意图；
图10是本发明提供的冲击装置的结构示意图；
图11是本发明提供的主转轴的结构示意图；
图12是本发明提供的舵机、第三齿轮、齿条和可动四位键的剖视示意图；
图13是本发明提供的可动四位键的结构示意图；
图14是本发明提供的振动锤的结构示意图；
图15是本发明提供的第三电机和传动带的示意图；
图16是本发明提供的振动发生装置的示意图；
图17是本发明提供的振动传递机构的结构示意图。
其中，
1-外壳，2-承重柱，3-独立舱，4-底座，5-主转轴，6-滑道门，7-托臂，8-副套，9-振动平台，10-振动转化台，11-上缓冲弹簧，12-下缓冲弹簧，13-振动发生装置，14-第三电机，15-传动带，16-导轨，17-第一传动齿轮，18-第二偏心块，19-第一转轴，20-基杆，21-套杆，22-主臂，23-小块电磁铁，26-移动副杆，27-振动传递弹簧，28-主转电机，29-联轴器，30-圆柱轴承，31-定位弹簧，32-可动四位键，33-承载板，34-舵机，35-第三齿轮，36-齿条，37-竖直方向限制杆，38-激振器，39-丝杠，40-外环齿形丝杠螺母，41-第一齿轮，42-配重联动杆，43-凸起，44-滑轨支座，45-第二齿轮，46-行星齿轮，47-齿圈，48-冲击电机，49-凸轮，50-滚子连杆，51-定轴，52-高强度转向缓冲连杆，53-刚性杆件，54-固定杆格，55-下冲击锤，56-上冲击锤，57-离心盘，58-可拆卸扇区，59-高强度试管，60-滑块。
具体实施方式
为了解决现有技术存在的问题，如图1至图17所示，本发明提供了一种面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪，包括底座4、独立舱3、主转轴5、振动锤和PLC控制器。
底座4上设置有外壳1，外壳1上设有滑道，滑道门6与滑道连接，外壳1的内壁设置有发热电阻丝，发热电阻丝等距设置，PLC控制器输出端口与电阻丝输入端口连接，PLC控制器通过控制流过发热电阻丝的电流，从而实现通过控制温度施加温度刺激的功能，监测和应急装置设置在外壳1的顶部，本实施例中，外壳1为子弹型，监测和应急装置安装在外壳上部弹头部分，监测和应急装置的输入端口与PLC控制器的输出端口相连，毒气监测传感器可在试管发生气体泄漏或电路短路时实现实时发现并吸收有害恶臭气体，并立刻切断总电源同时释放干粉喷雾灭火。外壳1内竖向设置多个承重柱2，承重柱2是整个培养仪的支持基 件，承重柱2的一端与底座4连接，托臂7的一端与承重柱2连接，另一端与独立舱3连接，托臂7与承重柱2通过螺栓连接，托臂7内设置有电磁铁，使独立舱3不需要振动时保持稳固状态，对电磁铁进行通电，通过强大吸附力将独立舱3稳固承载，不受其他施加因素影响；需要对独立舱3振动时，则断开对电磁铁的通电，仅以托臂7下端的斜角进行支持，限制其水平方向上的移动，保证竖直方向上的自由度不受影响，本实施例中，底座4由实心大质量金属制造，放置在地面作为培养仪的基石，保证强度并增加培养仪的稳定性，避免振动或离心时培养仪失稳现象的发生，防止内部结构高速运转发生意外，危及实验人员，承重柱2通过螺栓与底座4连接，底座4和承重柱2用于支撑培养仪，托臂7内设置有电磁铁，当某个独立舱3不需施加振动时，通电激活该层的电磁铁，开启电磁铁吸附作用，使独立舱3与托臂7吸附；当某个独立舱3需施加振动时断开该层通电，由托臂7斜面起到支撑独立舱3的作用，斜面设有上有弹簧用于缓冲冲击。
独立舱3包括顶盖、舱体、离心机构、逐点激振机构和冲击装置；顶盖是透明的且为圆形结构，顶盖为可拆卸顶盖，顶盖内表面设置有圆周滑槽，圆周滑槽与离心机构中的滑块60滑动连接，起到支持离心盘57的作用，为离心盘57提供竖直方向的约束，但不干扰离心功能的实现，使其可以绕着主转轴5旋转。
离心机构，用以实现菌群与工业恶臭污泥的充分混合，包括离心盘57，离心盘57为圆形结构，且离心盘57中部设置有键槽，离心盘57沿周向设置有多个扇形槽，可拆卸扇区58与扇形槽的导轨16连接，本实施例中，可拆卸扇区58的数量为6个，可拆卸扇区58通过导轨16放置于离心盘57中，导轨16可以实现可拆卸扇区58沿着垂直于离心盘57的平面上下振动，可拆卸扇区58上设置有离心试管槽，离心试管槽按照不同的角度设置，高强度试管59安装在离心试管槽中，高强度试管59根据与离心试管槽对应的角度放置在不同半径的离心试管槽中，高强度试管59为本培养仪所特有的能够满足各项条件的离心试管，本实施例中，培养仪设置有三个独立舱3，独立舱3通过滚珠轴承与主转轴5相连，用以实现分转功能，三个独立舱3可通过电磁铁和振动传递机构联动，实现施加逐层振动刺激。
离心机构的下方设置有逐点激振机构，用以施加独立振动刺激，逐点激振机构包括滑轨支座44，滑轨支座44为圆盘结构，其圆周设置有滑轨，多个沿滑轨支座44周向等距离设置的凸起43与滑轨滑动连接，其中，一个凸起43与激振器38通过丝杠39连接，激振器38用以实现对不同可拆卸扇区58的激振，激振器38的顶部设置有强磁铁，外环齿形丝杠螺母40套接在丝杠39上，外环齿形丝杠螺母40与丝杠39通过滚珠连接，外环齿形丝杠螺母40设置在凸起43靠近激振器38的一侧，外环齿形丝杠螺母40与第一齿轮41啮合，第一齿轮41通过联轴器29与第一电机连接，第一电机通过第一齿轮41带动外环齿形丝杠螺母40转动， 从而带动丝杠39上下运动，实现激振器38的上下高度可调节，外环齿形丝杠螺母40与第一电机放置在滑轨支座44特有的槽内，滑轨支座44的上部设置有第二电机，第二电机通过联轴器29与第二齿轮45连接，第二齿轮45与行星齿轮46啮合，行星齿轮46外固装有齿圈47，齿圈47与凸起43固定连接，齿圈47上部设置有配重联动杆42，配重联动杆42与凸起43连接，本实施例中，凸起43为三个，一个凸起43连接激振器38，另外两个凸起43起到配重的作用，实现刚性转子静平衡，并通过配重联动杆42进行联动，实现同转速转动，从而防止偏心现象的产生，降低了主转轴5的强度负荷；配重联动杆42为三角形，每个顶点与一个凸起43连接，使凸起43转动更加平稳；激振器38安装在凸起43上，凸起43与滑轨支座44滑动连接，可实现激振器38在平面内位置的自主调节，滑轨支座44与主转轴5过盈配合，可以实现激振器38和离心机构的同速转动，从而实现高强度试管59的离心刺激和逐点激振刺激的同时施加，也可以通过行星齿轮46实现独立位移，不通过主转轴5旋转而进行位置调整。
冲击装置的冲击电机48与舱体的侧壁内表面固定连接，冲击装置的上冲击锤设置在可拆卸扇区58与顶盖之间，冲击装置包括冲击电机48，冲击电机48与凸轮49连接，凸轮49通过定轴51与滚子连杆50连接，滚子连杆50与高强度转向缓冲连杆52连接，高强度转向缓冲连杆52与冲击锤连接，冲击锤包括上冲击锤56和下冲击锤55，刚性杆件53还设有固定杆格54，固定杆格54在下冲击锤55的下方，固定杆格54与独立舱3的舱体内壁固定连接，起到机架的作用，本实施例中，冲击装置用于施加高强度振动以粉碎凝块，冲击电机48带动凸轮49运动，凸轮49带动滚子连杆50及高强度转向缓冲连杆52小角度转动，将直线运动转换为冲击锤在竖直方向上的高速往复运动，以实现对可拆卸扇区58施加冲击刺激。
舱体是透明的且壁周设置有强磁铁，壁周均布有四块强磁铁，强磁铁与托臂7通过通断电进行转换以实现施加不同刺激时的支持功能；舱体内环绕有环形LED灯管，其输入端口与PLC控制器输出端连接，能调节亮度，施加不同强度的光照刺激。
主转轴5的下部通过联轴器29与主转电机28连接，主转轴5包括圆柱轴承30、定位弹簧31、可动四位键32和可卸盖板，主转轴5还包括舵机34，舵机34通过联轴器29与第三齿轮35连接，第三齿轮35与齿条36啮合，可动四位键32的上表面与齿条36连接，下表面与竖直方向限制杆37连接，主转轴5竖向设置，且穿过独立舱3，顶盖和舱体分别与主转轴5的圆柱轴承30连接，离心盘57与主转轴5的可动四位键32键连接，滑轨支座44与主转轴5过盈配合，本实施例中，当需要向某个独立舱3施加离心刺激时，打开舵机34，使第三齿轮35旋转并带动齿条36向下运动，推动可动四位键32与离心盘57的键槽连接，实现同步转动，对于不需要施加离心刺激的独立舱3，其离心盘57的键槽与对应的可动四位键32 未连接，不施加离心刺激。
振动锤设置在独立舱3的下方，用于施加振动刺激，振动锤的底部与底座4固定连接，其上部通过振动传递机构与独立舱3连接，振动锤包括振动平台9，振动平台9的上部与振动传递机构连接，其下部与振动转化台10连接，振动转化台10的下部与底板固定连接，振动转化台10包括第三电机14，第三电机14通过传动带15与振动发生装置13的第一转轴19连接，第一转轴19上设置有第一传动齿轮17和第一偏心块，第一传动齿轮17与第二转轴上的第二传动齿轮啮合，第二传动轴上设置有第二偏心块18，第一偏心块和第二偏心块18的偏心部相对，振动发生装置13的下部设置有承载板33，承载板33的上表面与上缓冲弹簧11连接，其下表面与下缓冲弹簧12连接，本实施例中，承载板33设有两个缓冲弹簧11和两个下缓冲弹簧12，第三电机14通过传动带15带动第一转轴19旋转，进而带动第一转轴19上的第一传动齿轮17与第二转轴上的第二传动齿轮啮合传动，实现两轴共转，使得第一偏心块和第二偏心块18对心转动，将振动传递至承载板33，通过缓冲弹簧11和下缓冲弹簧12转化方向，从而实现上下振动。
振动传递机构，用于传递振动，包括基杆20，基杆20的一端通过小块电磁铁23与振动锤连接，另一端与套杆21的一端连接，套杆21的另一端分别与主臂22的一端和移动副杆26的一端连接，组成球面副，主臂22的另一端与承重柱2连接，移动副杆26的另一端通过振动传递弹簧27与所述独立舱3连接，移动副杆26与焊接在独立舱3下部的竖直约束组成移动副，每个独立舱3连接一个振动传递机构，小块电磁铁23与振动平台9吸附并进行螺纹连接，基杆20固定在小电磁体小块电磁铁23上，套杆21由两根杆件构成，中部由电磁套连接，需传递振动时，电磁套通电配合，无需传递时断电，主臂22为可伸缩杆，主臂22与副套8组成柱面副，主臂22通过副套8与承重柱2连接，主要起支持作用，不参与振动传递过程，移动副杆26和竖直约束将不规则运动转化为规则的上下运动，振动台的振动通过柱面副，球面副和移动副传递到独立舱3的竖直约束上，再通过振动传递弹簧27传递到独立舱3。
PLC控制器分别与托臂7、离心机构、逐点激振机构、振动锤、振动传递机构和冲击装置连接，分别实现所述培养仪的离心、振动和冲击功能。其中，托臂7内电路与电磁铁连接，电路输入端与PLC控制器输出端连接，无需施加振动时，PLC控制器控制电路供电，使电磁铁处于激活状态，需施加振动时，PLC控制器控制电路断电，电磁铁不起作用；主转电机28输入端与PLC控制器输出端电路连接，控制主转电机28转速，进而控制离心速率，主转轴5的三个舵机34分别通过三个滑环引电器与PLC控制器连接，需离心时，PLC控制器控制滑环引电器供电，带动舵机34正转，实现可动四位键32和离心盘57键槽键连接，完成离心后，滑环引电器停止供电，舵机34停转，定位弹簧31带动可动四位键32复位；逐点激振机构的 第一电机的输入端与PLC控制器输出端与蓝牙模块连接，接收器位于安装丝杠39的凸起内部，二者通过无线信号建立联系，PLC控制器控制第一电机正反转及转动速率，进而控制丝杠39及激振器38的上下运动，第二电机输入端与PLC控制器输出端与蓝牙模块连接，接收器位于滑轨支座44内部，二者通过无线信号建立联系，PLC控制器控制第二电机转动，进而带动齿圈47及凸起43在圆周上运动，实现激振装置的平面定位；振动锤内第三电机14输入端与PLC控制器输出端连接，从而通过控制电机转速来控制振幅；振动传递机构的套杆21中部电磁铁电路输入端与PLC控制器通过蓝牙模块建立无线连接，需传递振动时，通过无线信号传递控制电路供电，激活电磁铁，吸附滚珠连杆实现紧配合，传递振动；冲击装置的冲击电机48输入端与PLC控制器输出端通过线路连接，通过控制电机转速，从而控制冲击频率，本实施例中，PLC控制器的型号为CPU226CN。
上述面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪的使用方法，包括：
步骤1、将拨动开关恢复默认位置，各复合按钮处于未激活状态，开启机器；
步骤2、将等质量接种各菌群的工业恶臭污泥放入到所述高强度试管59中，将高强度试管59放置在所述可拆卸扇区58中，再转动所述离心盘57，将多块可拆卸扇区58逐一通过导轨16填满离心盘57；
步骤3、设定各独立舱3温度与光强；
步骤4、需施加振动刺激时，(1)选择整体振动时，输入振动激励幅度及刺激施加时间，切断所述独立舱3与所述托臂7的磁力联系，建立独立舱3与所述套杆21的磁力联系并激活所述振动锤至工作状态，开始施加整体振动刺激，工作结束后自行复位；(2)选择分层振动时，输入振动激励幅度及刺激施加时间，选中需要振动的独立舱3，未选中的独立舱3与托臂7建立磁力联系同时断开与套杆21的磁力联系，振动锤开始工作，振动选中的独立舱3，刺激施加结束，自动复位；需施加离心刺激时，(1)选择整体离心时，PLC控制器激活各层舵机34正转，经齿轮及齿条36，带动可动四位键32向下运动，使可动四位键32嵌入离心盘57的键槽，所述主转电机28启动，带动各层独立舱3的离心盘57以输入转速转动；(2)选择分层离心时，输入转速及刺激施加时间，选中需施加离心刺激的独立舱3，所述独立舱3对应的舵机34正转，经齿轮及齿条36，带动可动四位键32向下运动，使可动四位键32嵌入离心盘57的键槽，不需要施加离心刺激的独立舱3的可动四位键32未嵌入对应离心盘57的键槽，主转电机28启动，带动需施加离心刺激的独立舱3的离心盘57以输入转速转动，不需要施加离心刺激的独立舱3不受影响；当需施加逐点激振刺激时，选择需激振扇区，所述第一电机带动所述外环齿形丝杠螺母40转动，使固定在丝杠39上的激振器38顶住已选择的可拆卸扇区58，所述激振器38顶部的强磁铁吸附可拆卸扇区58，使受振的可拆卸扇区58 沿导轨16方向离开离心盘57，从而向一个可拆卸扇区58施加振动刺激时不影响其他可拆卸扇区58；
步骤5、当需对某个可拆卸扇区58施加冲击时，选定待冲击的可拆卸扇区58，PLC控制器周期性带动主转轴5转过一定角度，使上冲击锤56与选定的可拆卸扇区58受冲击的位置重合，进而控制所述冲击电机48带动凸轮49转动，使上冲击锤56对选中的可拆卸扇区58进行冲击，振散凝块污泥，使菌群与污泥接触更加充分；
步骤6、独立舱3内的气体浓度检测装置监测到恶臭有害气体浓度过高时，自动启动监测和应急装置进行紧急处理，喷出可吸收有害气体的喷雾并报警，接到报警后，有关人员应立即做出相应应急措施，以保证实验安全。
所述面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪的使用方法的步骤4中的振动刺激、离心刺激和逐点激振刺激中的一种或多种能够施加于每个所述独立舱3。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪，其特征在于，包括底座、独立舱、主转轴、振动锤和PLC控制器；
    底座上设置有外壳，所述外壳的内壁设置有发热电阻丝，所述外壳内竖向设置多个承重柱，所述承重柱的一端与底座连接，托臂的一端与承重柱连接，另一端与独立舱连接，所述托臂内设置有电磁铁；
    独立舱包括顶盖、舱体、离心机构、逐点激振机构和冲击装置；所述顶盖是透明的且为圆形结构，其内表面设置有圆周滑槽，所述圆周滑槽与离心机构中的滑块滑动连接，所述离心机构包括离心盘，所述离心盘为圆形结构，且离心盘中部设置有键槽，所述离心盘沿周向设置有多个扇形槽，可拆卸扇区与扇形槽的导轨连接，所述可拆卸扇区上设置有离心试管槽，高强度试管安装在离心试管槽中；所述离心机构的下方设置有逐点激振机构，逐点激振机构包括滑轨支座，滑轨支座为圆盘结构，其圆周设置有滑轨，多个沿滑轨支座周向等距离设置的凸起与所述滑轨滑动连接，其中，一个凸起与激振器通过丝杠连接，所述激振器的顶部设置有强磁铁，外环齿形丝杠螺母套接在丝杠上，所述外环齿形丝杠螺母设置在凸起靠近激振器的一侧，所述外环齿形丝杠螺母与第一齿轮啮合，所述第一齿轮通过联轴器与第一电机连接，所述滑轨支座的上部设置有第二电机，所述第二电机通过联轴器与第二齿轮连接，第二齿轮与行星齿轮啮合，所述行星齿轮外固装有齿圈，所述齿圈与凸起固定连接；冲击装置的冲击电机与舱体的侧壁内表面固定连接，冲击装置的上冲击锤设置在可拆卸扇区与顶盖之间；所述舱体是透明的且壁周设置有强磁铁，所述舱体内环绕有环形LED灯管；
    主转轴的下部通过联轴器与主转电机连接，所述主转轴包括圆柱轴承、定位弹簧、可动四位键和可卸盖板，所述主转轴竖向设置，且穿过所述独立舱，所述顶盖和舱体分别与主转轴的圆柱轴承连接，所述离心盘与主转轴的可动四位键键连接，所述滑轨支座与主转轴过盈配合；
    振动锤设置在所述独立舱的下方，所述振动锤的底部与底座固定连接，其上部通过振动传递机构与独立舱连接；
    PLC控制器分别与托臂、离心机构、逐点激振机构、振动锤、振动传递机构和冲击装置连接，分别实现所述培养仪的离心、振动和冲击功能。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪，其特征在于，所述冲击装置包括冲击电机，所述冲击电机与凸轮连接，所述凸轮通过定轴与滚子连杆连接，所述滚子连杆与高强度转向缓冲连杆连接，所述高强度转向缓冲连杆与冲击锤连接，所述冲击锤包括上冲击锤和下冲击锤，所述刚性杆件还设有固定杆格，所述固定杆格在所述下冲击锤的下方，所述固定杆格与所述独立舱的舱体内壁固定连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪，其特征在于，所述振动锤包括振动平台，所述振动平台的上部与所述振动传递机构连接，其下部与振动转化台连接，所述振动转化台的下部与所述底板固定连接，所述振动转化台包括第三电机，所述第三电机通过传动带与振动发生装置的第一转轴连接，所述第一转轴上设置有第一传动齿轮和第一偏心块，所述第一传动齿轮与第二转轴上的第二传动齿轮啮合，所述第二传动轴上设置有第二偏心块，所述第一偏心块和所述第二偏心块的偏心部相对，所述振动发生装置的下部设置有承载板，所述承载板的上表面与上缓冲弹簧连接，其下表面与下缓冲弹簧连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪，其特征在于，所述振动传递机构包括基杆，所述基杆的一端通过小块电磁铁与所述振动锤连接，另一端与套杆的一端连接，所述套杆的另一端分别与主臂的一端和移动副杆的一端连接，所述主臂的另一端与所述承重柱连接，所述移动副杆的另一端通过振动传递弹簧与所述独立舱连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪，其特征在于，所述齿圈上部设置有配重联动杆，所述配重联动杆与所述凸起连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪，其特征在于，所述主转轴还包括舵机，所述舵机通过联轴器与第三齿轮连接，所述第三齿轮与齿条啮合，所述可动四位键的上表面与所述齿条连接，下表面与竖直方向限制杆连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪，其特征在于，所述面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪还包括监测和应急装置，所述监测和应急装置设置在所述外壳的顶部。
  8. 权利要求1所述的面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪的使用方法，其特征在于，包括：
    步骤1、将拨动开关恢复默认位置，各复合按钮处于未激活状态，开启机器；
    步骤2、将等质量接种各菌群的工业恶臭污泥放入到所述高强度试管中，将高强度试管放置在所述可拆卸扇区中，再转动所述离心盘，将多块可拆卸扇区逐一通过导轨填满离心盘；
    步骤3、设定各独立舱温度与光强；
    步骤4、需施加振动刺激时，(1)选择整体振动时，输入振动激励幅度及刺激施加时间，切断所述独立舱与所述托臂的磁力联系，建立独立舱与所述套杆的磁力联系并激活所述振动锤至工作状态，开始施加整体振动刺激，工作结束后自行复位；(2)选择分层振动时，输入振动激励幅度及刺激施加时间，选中需要振动的独立舱，未选中的独立舱与托臂建立磁力联系同时断开与套杆的磁力联系，振动锤开始工作，振动选中的独立舱，刺激施加结束，自动复位；需施加离心刺激时，(1)选择整体离心时，PLC控制器激活各层舵机正转，经齿轮及 齿条，带动可动四位键向下运动，使可动四位键嵌入离心盘的键槽，所述主转电机启动，带动各层独立舱的离心盘以输入转速转动；(2)选择分层离心时，输入转速及刺激施加时间，选中需施加离心刺激的独立舱，所述独立舱对应的舵机正转，经齿轮及齿条，带动可动四位键向下运动，使可动四位键嵌入离心盘的键槽，不需要施加离心刺激的独立舱的可动四位键未嵌入对应离心盘的键槽，主转电机启动，带动需施加离心刺激的独立舱的离心盘以输入转速转动，不需要施加离心刺激的独立舱不受影响；当需施加逐点激振刺激时，选择需激振扇区，所述第一电机带动所述外环齿形丝杠螺母转动，使固定在丝杠上的激振器顶住已选择的可拆卸扇区，所述激振器顶部的强磁铁吸附可拆卸扇区，使受振的可拆卸扇区沿导轨方向离开离心盘，从而向一个可拆卸扇区施加振动刺激时不影响其他可拆卸扇区；
    步骤5、当需对某个可拆卸扇区施加冲击时，选定待冲击的可拆卸扇区，PLC控制器周期性带动主转轴转过一定角度，使上冲击锤与选定的可拆卸扇区受冲击的位置重合，进而控制所述冲击电机带动凸轮转动，使上冲击锤对选中的可拆卸扇区进行冲击，振散凝块污泥，使菌群与污泥接触更加充分；
    步骤6、独立舱内的气体浓度检测装置监测到恶臭有害气体浓度过高时，自动启动监测和应急装置进行紧急处理，喷出可吸收有害气体的喷雾并报警，接到报警后，有关人员应立即做出相应应急措施，以保证实验安全。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的面向工业恶臭污泥的生物降解细菌分离培养仪的使用方法，其特征在于，所述步骤4中的振动刺激、离心刺激和逐点激振刺激中的一种或多种能够施加于每个所述独立舱。
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CN116555023A (zh) * 2023-05-31 2023-08-08 青岛浩大生物科技工程有限责任公司 一种耐腐蚀的鱼皮鱼鳞酶解装置
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