WO2020011583A1 - Procédé pour la production d'un matériau composite, un matériau composite ainsi qu'une utilisation du matériau composite comme conducteur et échangeur de chaleur - Google Patents

Procédé pour la production d'un matériau composite, un matériau composite ainsi qu'une utilisation du matériau composite comme conducteur et échangeur de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020011583A1
WO2020011583A1 PCT/EP2019/067593 EP2019067593W WO2020011583A1 WO 2020011583 A1 WO2020011583 A1 WO 2020011583A1 EP 2019067593 W EP2019067593 W EP 2019067593W WO 2020011583 A1 WO2020011583 A1 WO 2020011583A1
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Prior art keywords
composite material
producing
die
carbon nanostructures
metal
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PCT/EP2019/067593
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jens Rießelmann
Thomas Hutsch
Thomas WEISSGÄRBER
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Technische Universität Berlin
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Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Technische Universität Berlin filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority to US17/258,944 priority Critical patent/US20210339314A1/en
Priority to EP19735305.5A priority patent/EP3821045B1/fr
Publication of WO2020011583A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020011583A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/14—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by powder metallurgy, i.e. by processing mixtures of metal powder and fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • B22F5/106—Tube or ring forms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0084—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ carbon or graphite as the main non-metallic constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/08—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/02—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
    • B22F2007/066—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts using impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/10—Copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2302/40—Carbon, graphite
    • B22F2302/406—Diamond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
    • C22C2026/002—Carbon nanotubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F2013/001—Particular heat conductive materials, e.g. superconductive elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/18—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes sintered
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/20—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes with nanostructures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a composite material, a composite material and a use of the composite material as a heat conductor and heat exchanger.
  • the heat flow between the surfaces takes place not only via the contact surfaces, but also via the gaps between the surfaces via radiation or thermal conduction or convection of the medium located between them. However, there is no convective heat conduction in a vacuum.
  • TIMs Thermal Interface Materials
  • thermally conductive gels, pastes or other materials are used, but usually not are reusable, but must be replaced when contacting them again.
  • Carbon nanostructure arrays can be used as thermal interface materials, since the carbon nanostructures, preferably carbon nanotubes (CNT), have a thermal conductivity of up to 3500 W / m K along their growth direction.
  • CNT carbon nanotubes
  • the US Pat. No. 7,416,019 offers such an option for an interface based on carbon nanotubes as “thermal interface materials”. In this, the carbon nanotubes are attached to the surface or grown on the surface of a metal.
  • the task is to provide a reusable and effective interface for heat conduction and transfer between two surfaces.
  • the method according to the invention for producing a composite material basically comprises the following steps: producing a composite material, which extends along an expansion axis, from carbon nanostructures anchored in a matrix of a first metal; Divide the composite into segments, especially by sawing, e.g. along or perpendicular to the axis of expansion of the composite; Arranging the segments in a plane of a die; Filling free spaces in the die with a filler material, sintering in the die to form a composite material, exposing the carbon nanostructures of the composite material from at least one surface of the composite material so that the carbon nanostructures protrude from this surface and in some cases remain anchored in the base material.
  • This method has the advantage that, on the one hand, due to the outstanding carbon nanostructures, the contact area between two surfaces is enlarged and, on the other hand, an interface made from such a composite material is designed to be releasable by means of carbon nanostructures stably integrated in the metal matrix.
  • Carbon nanostructures such as round carbon nanoparticles, such as, for example, fullerenes and amorphous carbons, or layered carbon nanoparticles, such as, for example, graphene and nanoplatelets, or fibrous carbon nanoparticles, such as, for example, carbon nanotubes and Carbon nanofibers, understood.
  • the carbon nanostructures are preferably carbon nanotubes.
  • the invention thus enables an enlargement of the interface area and / or contact area of a releasable and reusable thermal interface, as a result of which the heat flow between two surfaces is increased.
  • the carbon nanostructures can extend randomly in the metal.
  • the carbon nanostructures extend along the axis of expansion of the composite material. After the carbon nanostructures have been exposed, they preferably protrude in one direction from the surface of the composite material. This enables improved contact, improved heat transport and improved reusability of the interface.
  • the composite material can in particular be a rod-shaped composite material and the cross-sectional area of the rod-shaped composite material can have any geometric basic shape, in particular a circular, trapezoidal, rectangular or square basic shape or be formed from circular segments.
  • the method preferably comprises the following steps, which follow the sintering in the die: The shaping of the sintered body by reshaping, e.g. by extrusion, ECAP (Equal Channel Angular Pressing) or round hammers, machining, and grinding the surface of the composite material from which the carbon nanostructures are to be exposed.
  • ECAP Equal Channel Angular Pressing
  • round hammers e.g. by extrusion, ECAP (Equal Channel Angular Pressing) or round hammers, machining, and grinding the surface of the composite material from which the carbon nanostructures are to be exposed.
  • the composite material is preferably produced by powder metallurgy and comprises the following steps: producing a homogeneous powder mixture from a first metal and from carbon nanostructures, sintering the powder mixture to form a composite material, and extruding the composite material. Direct extrusion of the homogeneous powder mixture is also possible.
  • the carbon nanostructures are preferably exposed for 5-30pm, more preferably 10-20pm.
  • the first metal is preferably copper.
  • any other metal can also be used.
  • an enlargement of the interface area and / or contact area of a releasable and reusable thermal interface is therefore proposed to increase the heat flow between two surfaces made of metal-carbon composite materials, in particular copper-carbon nanostructures, by forming a composite material, in particular using copper or copper-carbon composite materials for different atmospheres, preferably in a vacuum in the pressure range less than 1 * 10 L (-2) mbar.
  • the filler material preferably has a higher thermal conductivity than the composite material. As a result, the overall thermal conductivity can be improved.
  • the filler material can be introduced by powder metallurgical and / or melt metallurgical methods.
  • the filler material in particular comprises a second metal.
  • This can be copper.
  • the filler material can be a metal-carbon composite.
  • At least one first layer of at least one other material can be introduced into the die in the plane of the composite material.
  • the die can already be filled with at least one second layer of at least one other material and the segments can be arranged thereon.
  • the first and second layers preferably have a higher thermal conductivity than the composite material.
  • an interface from the composite material can be specifically adapted to the dimensions of components and requirements for thermal conductivity.
  • the invention comprises a composite material which was produced according to the invention as described above.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a non-contacted thermal interface of the prior art, which consists of two contact layers
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a contacted thermal interface of the prior art of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a contacted thermal interface of FIG. 4,
  • Fig. 8 shows an example of a possible rod of the composite material after the
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of the arrangement of several segments in the die in FIG.
  • 11 shows a composite of materials mechanically and thermally connected by the sintering according to the invention
  • 12 shows an exemplary / schematic representation of a machined, ground and etched composite material according to the invention
  • Fig. 15 shows schematically an embodiment of a thermal according to the invention
  • Interface connected to a body with a material with lower, equal or higher thermal conductivity
  • Interface (21) connected to a body with a material with lower thermal conductivity and the same or higher thermal conductivity at several points to form targeted thermal conduction paths
  • FIG. 17 schematically shows the method according to the invention for producing a composite material.
  • FIG. 1 A non-contacted thermal interface of the prior art is shown in FIG.
  • the thermal interface here consists, for example and not in a limiting manner, of a metallic contact layer 1 and 2, each of which has facing microscopically roughened surfaces. If these two surfaces are brought together for contacting, as shown in FIG. 2, an effective area for contact-bound heat transfer results from the sum of the contact points 3 between the contact layers 1 and 2. The heat can only be removed via the gaps 4 between the contact points 3 Radiation or convection of the enclosed medium. However, convection cannot take place in a vacuum.
  • a composite material consisting of metal-carbon composite materials is proposed, in particular of copper and carbon nanostructures, such as, but not limited to, carbon nanotubes.
  • the carbon nanostructures are anchored in the matrix of a metal in the composite material. They protrude from a surface and can therefore be used as "Thermal Interface Materials (TIM)" for a thermal interface.
  • TIM Thermal Interface Materials
  • the metal-carbon composite material is manufactured using powder metallurgy.
  • a first metal serves as a matrix and the carbon primarily as a reinforcing component.
  • the metal-carbon nanostructure composite material can be given a shape, in particular using extrusion presses.
  • Carbon nanostructures preferably carbon nanotubes, aligned one-dimensionally almost parallel to the extrusion direction. After extrusion, the composite materials can be machined as normal. The surface can therefore be brought to the shape suitable for the thermal interface and by methods such as lapping to a roughness depth of up to 10 pm, preferably up to 1 pm and below.
  • the previously embedded carbon nanostructures can be exposed, preferably up to 10 pm in length, more preferably up to 20-30 pm.
  • the carbon nanostructures that protrude from the surface are still firmly anchored in the metal matrix.
  • Such a composite material 20 after extrusion is shown in FIG. 3.
  • Carbon nanostructures 22 are exposed after the extrusion by etching away a first metal 24 on the surface.
  • a first metal 24 By anchoring the carbon nanostructures 22 in the first metal 24, preferably copper, the carbon nanostructures 22 cannot be detached so easily when the corresponding contact layers 1 and 2 are separated.
  • the composite material 20 is more suitable for the releasability and reusability of the interface.
  • the surface of the composite material 20 has regions made of the first metal 24, through which the carbon nanostructures 22 penetrate or protrude from the surface. In FIG. 3, the composite material 20 extends along an expansion axis in the z direction.
  • the side surface (s) of the composite material 20 are formed from the first metal 24. This can also be etched away on the sides.
  • FIG. 4 now schematically shows a non-contacted thermal interface, which has, for example, a metallic contact layer 1 on one side and on the other side a contact layer 2 made of a metal-carbon nanostructure composite material 20 produced as described above.
  • Carbon nanostructures 22 of the end face of the composite material 20 were exposed here by way of example by etching.
  • Figure 5 shows schematically the contacted thermal interface of Figure 4. The number of contact points 3 is compared to the number of contact points 3 in FIG. 2 significantly increased by the carbon nanostructures 22 embedded in the first metal 24.
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a further exemplary embodiment of a non-contacted interface according to the invention. This now consists of two metal-carbon nanostructure composite materials 20 with exposed ones, as described
  • Carbon nanostructures 22 In the contacted state, the carbon nanostructures 22 each touch the surface made of the first metal 24 or the carbon nanostructures 22 of the other contact layer. This increases the thermal conductivity even further.
  • carbon nanotubes 22 are shown purely by way of example. However, it can also be in any other carbon nanostructure 22, such as round carbon nanoparticles, e.g. Fullerenes and more amorphous carbons, or layered carbon nanoparticles, e.g. Graphene and nanoplatelets, or fibrous carbon nanoparticles, e.g. Carbon nanofibers.
  • round carbon nanoparticles e.g. Fullerenes and more amorphous carbons
  • layered carbon nanoparticles e.g. Graphene and nanoplatelets
  • fibrous carbon nanoparticles e.g. Carbon nanofibers.
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows a further possible arrangement of the thermal interface.
  • the surfaces with and without carbon nanostructures 22 on both sides of the thermal interface are each offset from one another.
  • the staggered arrangement of the regions with and without carbon nanostructures on the two contact layers 1 and 2 can improve the releasability of the interface.
  • the contact surfaces that can be produced and a possible shape of the thermal interface are limited in the method that leads to the composite material 20.
  • a manufacturing method for producing a composite material is proposed, which enables interface elements, which were produced by the method just described, to be mechanically and thermally connected to one another.
  • interface rings can thus also be produced from circular segments.
  • FIG. 8 shows, by way of example and not by way of limitation, a rod-shaped composite material 20 with a cross-sectional area 26 from a circular segment after an extrusion step.
  • the cross-sectional area 26 of the rod-shaped composite material 20 can, however, have any basic geometric shape, in particular a circular, trapezoidal, rectangular or square basic shape.
  • This rod extends along an axis of expansion z and, in the example shown, is used to produce circular segments in FIG. 9.
  • the carbon nanostructures 22 likewise extend along the axis of expansion z out of a surface of the composite material 20.
  • the composite material 20 is preferably rod-shaped so that it can be partitioned easily, for example by sawing.
  • the rod resulting from the extrusion is divided into segments 30 with a corresponding thickness, but is preferably sawn, but not by way of limitation. These segments 30 are shown in FIG. 9.
  • the shape and base area of the composite material 20 is not limited to the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the base area can take any shape, for example square, rectangular, circular, elliptical, etc.
  • the segments 30 are arranged in a die 100 of a selected shape.
  • a circular shape has been selected as the die 100.
  • the segments 30 are arranged in the die so that they form a circular ring 110 and the free spaces 120 located therebetween are then filled with a filling material 130, as shown in FIG. 11.
  • the fill material 130 is preferably a metal powder, more preferably copper powder.
  • no composite material 20 is arranged in the interior of the die 100 around the center of the circle, but only the filling material 130.
  • the filling material 130 and the segments 30 are connected to a common body 200, for example by sintering.
  • the inner region can be filled with the filling material 130 in order to be used as a clamping surface for later machining.
  • the composite material can be machined for final shaping.
  • segments of the composite material can be arranged in one die in a die, which can be used as a melt infiltration tool. The die is then preheated to temperatures between 400 to 600 ° C, preferably in vacuo. The cavities between the segments are then, for example, with molten metal or a metal alloy, e.g. B. copper with a temperature between 1200 and 1300 ° C, for example under vacuum ( ⁇ 20 mbar) and infiltrated with a predetermined pressure.
  • molten metal or a metal alloy e.g. B. copper with a temperature between 1200 and 1300 ° C, for example under vacuum ( ⁇ 20 mbar) and infiltrated with a predetermined pressure.
  • the predetermined pressure can be between 50 MPa and 100 MPa and is, for example, approximately 80 MPa.
  • the infiltration time can be between 35 and 50 seconds. Then the solidification takes place under pressure. The composite material can then be ejected from the die and cooled further in air.
  • FIG. 12 shows a representation of a machined, ground and etched composite material 200, which was produced from the previous steps.
  • the material composite 200 is designed as a ring, for example, and has individual holes in the ring that can be used for fastening.
  • the last process steps are the grinding of the material composite surface, the result of which is shown in FIG. 13, and the etching to expose the carbon nanostructures (FIG. 14).
  • the interface can be used both when the carbon nanostructures 22 are exposed on one or on both sides of the contact areas. Use against another solid is also possible.
  • the thermal conductivity of the composite material 200 can be adjusted as desired.
  • Metal-diamond or metal-graphite composites have a higher thermal conductivity than pure metal or as the metal-carbon nanostructure composite material 20.
  • the thermal conductivity of copper-diamond is up to 700 W / m K and that of copper-graphite up to 600 W / m K, while the thermal conductivity of pure copper is approx. 400 W / m K. Therefore, they can also be used for passive cooling. This can also be used in particular for this invention.
  • the filler material 130 can be replaced by a metal-diamond composite material for connecting the composite material.
  • FIG. 15 schematically shows a composite material 200 with a first partial region 210 made of composite material 20, connected to a body with a second partial region 220, which is formed from a material with lower, identical or higher thermal conductivity.
  • the connection can also be made by sintering or melt infiltration.
  • the material of the second section 220 can be arranged together with the segments 30 of the composite material 20 in the die 100.
  • FIG. 16 A more complex embodiment of a composite material 200 is shown in FIG. 16.
  • the composite material 200 here consists of two layers of different materials.
  • a third section 230 can be arranged below the composite material 20 and have a lower thermal conductivity than the composite material 20 of the first section 210.
  • the fourth section 240 can have the same or preferably higher thermal conductivity, as a result of which the heat is dissipated laterally.
  • FIG. 17 shows a method according to the invention for producing a composite material.
  • a composite material 20 is first produced from carbon nanostructures 22 anchored in a matrix of a first metal 24.
  • the composite material 20 extends along an expansion axis z.
  • the carbon nanostructures 22 likewise extend along the expansion axis z of the composite material 20.
  • the composite material 20 is divided into segments 30, preferably cut segments 30.
  • the segments 30 are then arranged in a die 100 in at least one plane S300.
  • a material composite 200 is then formed in step S400. This can be done by filling S410 of free spaces in the die 120 with a filler material 130 and then sintering S420 in the die 100. Alternatively, this can also be done by melt infiltration S430 in the die 100.
  • the carbon nanostructures 22 are then exposed from at least one surface of the composite material 200, so that the carbon nanostructures 22 protrude from this surface.
  • a composite material can be produced according to the invention by sintering for the local integration of the thermally active interface surface in a metal, a metal alloy and / or a composite material (metal / diamond, metal / graphite).
  • Thermally active interface surfaces can also be formed from metal / carbon nanostructures, a composite material for heat transfer and a material with a lower thermal conductivity (ceramic, metal, metal alloys and composite materials) than the composite material for the formation of targeted thermal conductive paths (thermal partitioning).
  • the thermally active interface surface can advantageously be regenerated by targeted etching and can be adapted to contours.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour la production d'un matériau composite (200) comprenant les étapes de : la production (S100) d'un matériau composite (20), qui s'étend le long d'un axe d'expansion (z), composé de nanostructures de carbone ancrées dans une matrice d'un premier métal (24), de préférence des nanostructures de carbone (22), les nanostructures de carbone (22) s'étendant le long de l'axe d'expansion (z) du matériau composite (20) ; la division (S200) du matériau composite (20) en segments (30) du matériau composite (20) ; la disposition des segments (30) dans un plan d'une matrice (100) ; le remplissage (S500) d'espaces libres dans la matrice (120) avec un matériau de remplissage (130) ; le frittage (S600) dans la matrice (100) en un matériau composite (200), et l'exposition des nanostructures de carbone (22) du matériau composite (20) d'au moins une surface du matériau composite (200), de telle façon que les nanostructures de carbone (22) émergent de cette surface. L'invention concerne en outre un matériau composite et une utilisation de celui-ci comme conducteur de chaleur et/ou échangeur de chaleur.
PCT/EP2019/067593 2018-07-09 2019-07-01 Procédé pour la production d'un matériau composite, un matériau composite ainsi qu'une utilisation du matériau composite comme conducteur et échangeur de chaleur WO2020011583A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

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US17/258,944 US20210339314A1 (en) 2018-07-09 2019-07-01 Process for producing a material composite, material composite and use of the material composite as a heat conductor and heat exchanger
EP19735305.5A EP3821045B1 (fr) 2018-07-09 2019-07-01 Procédé de fabrication d'un composite, composite et utilisation udit composite en tant que conducteur ou échangeur thermique

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102018116559.5A DE102018116559B4 (de) 2018-07-09 2018-07-09 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Werkstoffverbundes, einen Werkstoffverbund sowie eine Verwendung des Werkstoffverbundes als Wärmeleiter sowie -überträger
DE102018116559.5 2018-07-09

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WO2020044426A1 (fr) * 2018-08-28 2020-03-05 日本碍子株式会社 Élément fluorescent et dispositif d'éclairage

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1806417A1 (fr) * 2004-10-21 2007-07-11 Shinano Kenshi Kabushiki Kaisha Article metallique composite et son procede de preparation
US7416019B2 (en) 2003-08-13 2008-08-26 The Johns Hopkins University Thermal interface and switch using carbon nanotube arrays

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US7014093B2 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-03-21 Intel Corporation Multi-layer polymer-solder hybrid thermal interface material for integrated heat spreader and method of making same
JP2006080170A (ja) * 2004-09-08 2006-03-23 Hitachi Cable Ltd Ｃｎｔ入り配線材の製造方法およびスパッタリング用ターゲット材
US8093715B2 (en) * 2005-08-05 2012-01-10 Purdue Research Foundation Enhancement of thermal interface conductivities with carbon nanotube arrays
CN101989583B (zh) * 2009-08-05 2013-04-24 清华大学 散热结构及使用该散热结构的散热系统

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7416019B2 (en) 2003-08-13 2008-08-26 The Johns Hopkins University Thermal interface and switch using carbon nanotube arrays
EP1806417A1 (fr) * 2004-10-21 2007-07-11 Shinano Kenshi Kabushiki Kaisha Article metallique composite et son procede de preparation

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DE102018116559B4 (de) 2023-02-09
US20210339314A1 (en) 2021-11-04
EP3821045B1 (fr) 2023-05-24
DE102018116559A1 (de) 2020-01-09

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