WO2020008241A1

WO2020008241A1 - Methods and devices to optimize power production and consumption

Info

Publication number: WO2020008241A1
Application number: PCT/IB2018/055007
Authority: WO
Inventors: modjtaba KABOODVANDY RAD
Original assignee: Kaboodvandy Rad Modjtaba
Priority date: 2018-07-06
Filing date: 2018-07-06
Publication date: 2020-01-09

Abstract

At present, more than half of industrial energy is wasted in the form of unrecovered waste heat. In electric power plant a combined cycle is an assembly of heat engines that work in tandem from the same resource of heat, converting it into mechanical energy, which in turn usually drives electrical generators. The principle is that after completing its cycle (in the first engine), the temperature of the working fluid in the first heat engine is still high enough that the subsequent heat engines and the heat pump may extract energy from the waste heat (energy). Combining two or more thermodynamic cycle results in improved overall efficiency, condenser efficiency, and reducing fuel costs. Using power storages and providing technologies to flexible electricity consumption by controllable outlet are two methods that could optimize and normalize power production and power consumption.

Description

Methods And Devices To Optimize Power Production And Consumption

This invention relates generally to power production and consumption, and, more specifically to increase in efficiency of power production and decreasing and steadiness in power consumption by methods and devices.

A thermal power station is a power plant in which heat energy is converted to electric power. In most of the places in the world the turbine is steam-driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated; this is known as a . The greatest variation in the design of thermal power stations is due to different heat resources such as fossil fuel, nuclear heat energy, solar heat energy, etc.

In a combined cycle power plant, the heat of the gas turbine's exhaust is used to generate steam by passing it through a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) with a live steam temperature between 420 and 580 °C. The condenser of the Rankine cycle is usually cooled by water from a lake, river, sea, or cooling towers.

A heat pump is a device that transfers heat energy from a resource of heat to a destination called a "heat sink". A heat pump uses a small amount of external power to accomplish the work of transferring energy from the heat resource to the heat sink. Heat pumps use a refrigerant as an intermediate fluid to absorb heat where it vaporizes, in the evaporator, and then to release heat where the refrigerant condenses, in the condenser. The refrigerant flows through insulated pipes between the evaporator and the condenser, allowing for efficient thermal energy transfer at relatively long distances.

The existing commercialized desalination methods are multi-stage flash evaporation, vapor-compression, multi-effect evaporation, reverse osmosis, electro-dialysis.

Since the discovery of electricity, effective methods have be sought to store that energy for use on demand. Over the last century, the energy storage industry has continued to evolve and adapt to changing energy requirements and advances in technology. Energy storage systems provide a wide array of technological approaches to managing power supply in order to create a more resilient energy infrastructure and bring cost savings to utilities and consumers. To help understand the diverse approaches currently being deployed around the world, they have be divided into six main categories; solid state batteries, flow batteries, flywheels, compressed air energy storage, thermal, and pumped hydro-power.

Rising energy costs combined with diminishing resources and increased regulation is placing energy consumption in the spot-light. Both society and industry must face the challenge of making the energy supply both sustainable yet at the same time, affordable.

In accordance with one embodiment a system for extracting energy of heat resource comprises at least one heat resource, at least one thermal power plant unit coupled to at least one heat pump unit.

Suitable working medium, heat pump, and ice-making desalination is used in thermal power plant to increase in efficiency of power production; and controllable power outlets or consumer, seawater pumped energy storage, and spring power storage is used to decrease in power waste.

Accordingly several advantages of one or more aspects are as follows: to embody combination of heat pump, refrigerator, and desalination plant with thermal power plant that can increase energy efficiency of both of them, that are more reliable, that emerging opportunities for technologies with higher efficiency in electricity generation, that do promote new energy supply options, that are controllable, that are safe, that can be operate without thermal pollution, that are relatively inexpensive by turning waste heat into electricity, this solution increases the energy efficiency of engines and as a result leads to decreased fuel consumption and increased profitability. At the same time, this cycle can help to fulfil legal requirements (e.g. regarding CO2 -emissions) leading to additional savings and that can also replace to conventional cooling tower, leading to additional savings. Other advantages of one or more aspects will be apparent from a consideration of the drawings and ensuing description.

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:

Fig.1

is a diagrammatic plan view of a combined thermal power plant without external cold resource.

Fig.2

is a diagrammatic plan view of a combined thermal power plant that cooled by cooling tower and heat pump.

Fig.3

is a diagrammatic plan view of a combined thermal power plant in two stages.

Fig.4

is a diagrammatic plan view of the combined thermal power plant without external cold resource, and absorb waste heat and pollution of exhaust emissions of furnace by blowing smoke into water.

Fig.5

is a diagrammatic plan view of an ice-making desalination in combination with power plant cycles.

Fig.6

is a perspective view of a spring energy storage.

Fig.7

is a perspective view of the gear-box without its case.

Fig.8A

is a front side view of a spiral torsion spring without torsion pressure on spring.

Fig.8B

is a front side view of a spiral torsion spring that is twisted.

Fig.9

is a front side view of a pre-stressed torsion spring.

Drawings are for purposes of illustrating the concepts of the invention and, except for the graphical illustration, are not to scale.

Following description and the accompanying drawings provide examples for the purposes of illustration. However, these embodiments should not be construed in a limiting sense as they are not intended to provide an exhaustive list of all possible implementations. In other instances, certain structures and devices are omitted or simplified in order to avoid obscuring the details of the various embodiments. Various other components may be included and called upon for providing for aspects of the teachings herein. For example, additional materials, combinations of materials and/or omission of materials may be used to provide for added embodiments that are within the scope of the teachings herein. In the present application a variety of variables are described, including but not limited to components and conditions. It is to be understood that any combination of any of these variables can define an embodiment of the disclosure. Other combinations of articles, components, conditions, and/or methods can also be specifically selected from among variables listed herein to define other embodiments, as would be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.

When introducing elements of the present disclosure or the embodiment(s) thereof, the articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. Similarly, the adjective “another,” when used to introduce an element, is intended to mean one or more elements. The terms “including” and “having” are intended to be inclusive such that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.

The amount of heat capacity coefficient, vapor latent heat, etc. are important for select the working medium. Higher efficiency can be reached by replace water with working medium such as chloroform, bromine, fluoro-alkanes, fluorocarbon, carbon tetrachloride, etc. that have higher ratio of heat capacity coefficient to vapor latent heat. The fluid should be non-corrosive, non-flammable, non-toxic, and also good availability, low cost, acceptable pressures are important for working fluid selection. Melting point and also boiling temperature (point) of said fluid is higher than environmental temperature and lower than temperature of heat resource.

The huge potential of waste heat recovery has, until now, remained un-tapped. At present, up to 50% of industrial energy is wasted in the form of unrecovered waste heat. Waste-heat energy resources can help conserve fossil fuels and reduces carbon emissions. Typical industrial waste heat resources are for example:
• Furnaces in the ceramic, steel and glass industries;
• Process heat in the automotive, wood and brewing industries as well as in foundries;
• Thermal afterburning systems;
• Heat from exhaust gas, air, steam and water.

For instance, the efficiency of a heat engine, the fraction of input heat energy that can be converted to useful work, is limited by the temperature difference between the heat entering the engine and the exhaust heat leaving the engine. In a thermal power station, water is the working medium. High pressure steam requires strong, bulky components. These components limit practical steam temperatures to 655 °C while the lower temperature of a steam plant is fixed by the temperature of the cooling water. With these limits, a steam plant has a fixed upper efficiency of 35–42%. The output temperature of the steam turbine is also high (60 to 90 °C).

Certain thermal power plants also are designed to produce heat energy for industrial purposes of district heating, or desalination of water, in addition to generating electrical power. But this energy is less economic.

After many years try to breakthrough, renewable energy is found less efficient and less reliable. This invention opens up new vitas for the use of waste heat, the use of low temperature heat, and the large scale conversion of any heat to power. Low temperature heat can be used in different ways such as a combination of heat pump and main cycle, a combination of heat pump with other power plant cycle, a combination of vapor absorption refrigerator and power plant cycle, and a combination of brine rejection desalination and power plant cycle.

Heat energy naturally transfers from warmer places to colder spaces. However, a heat pump can reverse this by absorbing heat from a cold space and releasing it to a warmer one. Heat is not conserved in this process and requires some amount of external energy such as electricity. Most of the energy for heating comes from the external environment, only a fraction of which comes from electricity (or some other high-grade energy resource required to run a compressor). In electrically-powered heat pumps, the heat transferred can be five or six times larger than the electrical power consumed, giving the system a coefficient of performance (COP) of 5 or 6 or more than this numbers.

As shown in Fig. 1, a combined thermodynamic cycles having a heat pump cycle that heat pump includes an expansion valve 32, a compressor 34, pipes 40, a condenser 38 and an evaporator 36. The heat pumps are useful systems in thermal power plants, at least one heat pump unit may be configured so as to permit intensifying and transferring the waste heat of condenser of conventional thermal power plant unit into between pump and boiler of conventional thermal power plant unit. The heat pump has two heat exchangers, where the first heat exchanger is selected as a heat resource or evaporator 36, and the second heat exchanger is selected as heating resource or condenser 38. The cooling tower of traditional thermal power plant will substitute with the evaporator 36, the condenser 38 will add between pump 26 and boiler 28 inside of heat exchanger 42. A heating medium is circulated in a heat transfer device 42 which is connected to the condenser 38. Combination of heat pump with all type of thermal cycles are able to adapt designed system to fit different types of waste heat resources; that turbine 20 and generator 22 extract energy from working medium in pipe of power cycle 30 after boiler 28.

The combined power and heat pump cycles uses waste heat from industrial processes to generate electricity. The combined cycle is a modular solution for electricity generation from a variety of waste heat resources. With this solution, CO2-free electricity is generated directly at the industrial facility. Waste heat is safely and optimally recovered through focus on the use of lean design principles and proven standard industrial components. This cycle runs self-sufficiently without supervision and requires little maintenance. Giving the system a coefficient of performance (COP) of 5 or 6, as opposed to a conventional cooling tower, in which all heat is transferred to environment and thermal pollution produced by cooling tower.

This can be done because heat engines are only able to use a portion of the energy their fuel generates (usually less than 50%). Using waste heat is important, because the use of fossil fuels raises serious environmental concerns, and economic growth and development worldwide will increasingly be powered by electricity.

This cycle does not interfere with existing processes. Instead, it adapts to the amount of heat generated and is capable of dynamic and partial-load operation. This means it is also possible to use only part of the waste heat. Fig. 2 shows condenser 24 will cooled by both cooling tower 43 and heat pump. Because of using waste heat from a thermal power plant cycle can be concluded efficiency will increased and could reach to 100%, depending upon percentage of the heat that is used with heat pump. A percentage of the heat is used with heat pump, because of technological limitation. Also in addition to heat pumps, vapor absorption refrigerator, or any other heat consumer can be used instead of cooling tower.

Fig. 3 shows condenser 24 of power plant cycle may cooled by heat pump in several stages. This technology can be adapted for use in vehicles such as ships, locomotive of trains and construction machinery. Using the waste heat generates fuel savings while at the same time reducing CO2-emissions and thermal pollution.

A fossil fuel power station is a power station which burns fossil fuel such as coal, natural gas, petroleum, etc. to produce electricity. Fossil fuel power stations have machinery to convert the heat energy of combustion into mechanical energy, which then operates an electrical generator. Fossil fueled power stations and some other section of industries such as refineries, etc. that are major emitters of greenhouse gases and thermal pollution.

In this type of cycle, the input temperature to the boiler (the firing temperature), is relatively high. The output temperature of the flue gas is also high. This is therefore high enough to provide heat for a heat pump which uses heat to the main working fluid.

In an ordinary heat engine the remaining heat from combustion is generally wasted. Wet Heat and Emission Absorber could absorb waste heat and cleaned up industrial emissions. As shown in Fig. 4, the Wet Heat and Emission Absorber for absorb waste heat and separate pollution from exhaust emissions of furnace by blowing exhaust smoke into water includes a fan or blower 44; smoke duct 46; water pipes 52; water tank 54; a water purifier 48; and a smoke outlet 50. Waste heat can transfer between pump and boiler or used as heating resource for vapor absorption refrigerator, minor power cycle, etc. A water purifier is a device that removes substances that are dirty and harmful such as soot, fly ash, etc. A decrease in pollution and increase in efficiency can answer a lot of needs and requests.

Wet Heat and Emission Absorber is Tailor-made technology that can also lead to a higher output of electricity at a constant rate of fuel consumption. A high availability of safe and reliable industrial standard components could be achieved.

The waste heat of main thermal power plant is intensified and transferred by heat pump to heating another minor thermal power plant (not shown).

In fossil fuel boiler, exhaust carbon dioxide can be used in an algaculture unit, a fuel cell unit, or any other carbon dioxide consumer. It’s should be noted some kind of fuel cells are using carbon dioxide; Molten-carbonate fuel cell consume carbon dioxide and produce both electricity and heat.

A combination of different thermal cycles that can more efficiently extract electricity and fresh water from waste thermal energy and sea water respectively. The output temperature of the steam turbine is therefore high enough to provide heat for a combination of power plant and refrigerator cycles which uses ammonia, etc. as the working fluid.

Brine rejection is a process that occurs during sea ice formation where salt is pushed from forming ice into the surrounding seawater, creating saltier, denser brine. Freezing has some advantages over the above-mentioned methods, but, freezing involves a handling of ice and water mixtures that is mechanically complicated.

This technology include a lower theoretical energy requirement and minimal potential for corrosion. Ice-making machines offer an affordable alternative because of the high efficient crystallization process. However, this technology have the necessary capacity for industrial desalination plants, but smaller models suffice for small-scale desalination needs.

As shown in Fig. 5, a combination of brine rejection desalination and power plant cycle includes an expansion valve 62, a compressor 64, a condenser 68; an evaporator 66; Main water tank 54; pipes for enter saline water 56; pipes to exit saltier water 58; pipes to exit fresh water 60; heat exchanger 42; and pipes 59 or indexing conveyor or other mechanism to exit ice slices. For instance, cohesive force causes Ice and freezer become united. Ice is lighter than sea water, increase in ice volume will separate ice from surface of freezer and by indexing conveyor could catch and exit them from water tank (not shown), or any other mechanism.

Vapor compression refrigerator, vapor absorption refrigerator, etc. can be used as refrigerator cycle. Waste heat from condenser 68 of refrigerator cycle is used in heat resource of power cycle 70 and ice and cold water is used as cold resource of power cycle 72.

Absorption refrigeration systems differ from compression systems by the use of a heat resource as the energy input in order to operate; conversely, compression-based systems require mechanical energy to operate. Thus the main advantage of the absorption systems is that they can run burning a fuel or using waste heat recovered from other thermal systems. Moreover, these systems present other advantages, such as high reliability, low maintainability and a silent and vibration-free operation. Another important aspect is the elimination of CFC and HCFC refrigerants.

A combination of vapor absorption refrigerator and power plant cycle includes a main power cycle; a vapor absorption refrigerator system; and an ice extractor unit, can increase efficiency of power production and vapor absorption refrigerator (not shown).

Nowadays in order to store energy many method is developed, for instance with pump water returned to back of dam indeed with more cost and infrastructure nearly 30 to 40 percent of energy is recycled. Also other methods are innovated and revolved like hydrogen production, that more of them have 20 to 50 percent of efficiency. But if we normalize and optimize power production and consumption we don’t need more energy storage.

Power outlet, plug-in, or consumer can control energy consumption by specified time interval and economic program. Controllable and programmable power outlet, plug-in, or consumer could be used instead of energy storage when power consumption is lower than peak of consumption. For instance, battery of electric cars could be managed as energy storage by programmable power outlet, plug-in, or consumer (on apparatus). Power meters separately or centrally may be used to measure amount of economical consumed power.

A method for providing consumption options, with providing consuming options for power consumers in economical and urgent, or any other set of options; and providing a controller to controlling and optimizing power consumption. Controller may use power consumption and power production data, ratio of them, or any other data, in advance or on time, to estimating when ratio of power production to power consumption is higher than normal that power consumption will start, and when said ratio is lower than normal that power consumption will stop. In result, using economical options will be corresponding to decreasing in power consumption cost.

Controller can use (1) specification of power consumer to specified power capacity and time of power consumption to controlling power consumption; (2) determined end time to select necessary time (interval) for power consumption. Controller in addition can be caused avoiding power consumption in on-peak moments, that the main power meter in time-variant electricity pricing can measured off-peak power consumption with or without minor said power meter to measure amount of cheap power consumption

Power options could be positioned on electrical apparatus, power outlet, power plug, or any other parts. Economical and permanent power option providing beside to another power outlets, power consumer have option to choice kind and cost of power supply, economical electricity is used in desalination plant, batteries of electrical vehicle, or any other non-urgent consumer as energy storage. In other words, melting plants, desalination plant, and other section of industry that have high power consumption could be used instead of energy storage by increase in production capacity and manage operation except peak consumption.

Instead of fix a plurality of controller may use a network of segregated power lines separate from main power line, providing economical electricity to consumers; and stop providing power when ratio of power production to power consumption is lower than normal by a central controller unit.

In the above methods energy isn't stored directly, but the work-product of consuming energy is stored, having the equivalent effect on daytime consumption.

Generally in thermal power plant duo to low thermal efficiency and lack of flexibility in the power production, practically a large percentage of energy wasted with heat dissipation in generation cycle and waste in hours that consumption is lesser than amount of power production.

Energy storage is the capture of energy produced at one time for use at a later time. A device that stores energy is sometimes called an accumulator or battery. Energy storage involves converting energy from forms that are difficult to store to more conveniently or economically storable forms. Some technologies provide short-term energy storage, while others can endure for much longer. A spring power storage stores potential energy in the spring tension. Springs are tensioned by cheaper energy at night to meet peak daytime demand for energy.

A spring is an elastic object that stores mechanical energy. There are many spring designs. When a conventional spring, without stiffness variability features, is compressed or stretched from its resting position, it exerts an opposing force approximately proportional to its change in length. Springs are made from a variety of elastic materials, the most common being spring steel.

A torsion spring is a spring that works by torsion or twisting; that is, a flexible elastic object that stores mechanical energy when it is twisted. When it is twisted, it exerts a force (actually torque) in the opposite direction, proportional to the amount (angle) it is twisted.

One embodiment of the spring energy storage is illustrated in Fig. 6. As shown in Fig. 6, a spring energy storage that is driven by gears 92 on its casing 94 includes a spiral torsion spring 98; a gear box 76; a gear wheal 90; casing of ball bearing 86; supportive structure 84; and a power generator 74. The casing of spiral torsion spring 94 is held by supportive structure (not shown).

A spring power storage may be powered by any resource of shaft power such as a reciprocating engine, hydro-motor, electric motor, etc. into hole to driving shaft 96. Gearboxes 76 have designed and developed in a wide variety of different types; simple one is shown in this embodiment. As most gearbox, lubrication rely on splash lubrication although gearbox may will incorporate an oil pump. Gearbox 76 is filled to capacity from filler plug 80 and discharged at drain plug 82.

As shown in Fig. 7, the gear-box without its casing 78 includes ball bearings 100; large gearwheel 108; small gearwheel 110; Input shaft 102; Output shaft 104; and Counter shafts 106. The essential information required for designing a Gear box are the lowest output (rpm); the highest output (rpm); the number of steps into which the range between the highest output and the lowest output is divided; and the number of stages in which the required number of speed steps are to be achieved. Conventional gearbox, hydraulic transmission, or any other transmission unit may be used to change rotational speed.

As shown in Figs. 8A and 8B, first spring twisted and store the energy then spring can expand and produce energy when power is needed. Torsion bar, spiral torsion spring, pre-stressed torsion spring that is shown in Fig. 9, or any other torsion spring is used as said heavy-duty torsion spring.

In other form of spring power storage, a linear spring energy storage that includes a heavy-duty linear spring; a hydraulic cylinder; and a hydraulic energy extractor (not shown). Compression, tension/extension, English longbow, or any other linear spring is used as said heavy-duty linear spring.

A spring power storage has been developed from basic principles to give the best productivity and manufacturing without compromising the efficiency of energy storage. A spring power storage may be used in automobile or other vehicle as power storage to charging battery or driving the vehicles.

At times of low electrical demand, excess generation capacity is used to pump water from a lower source into a higher reservoir. When demand grows, water is released back into a lower reservoir through a turbine, generating electricity. Pumped energy storage hydroelectricity on rivers is the limited-capacity form of active grid energy storage available.

In new method, large water reservoir such as seas, lakes, etc. can be used as main water reservoir, when demand grows, the water that was pumped in upper (higher) reservoir, is released back from higher reservoir into at least one lower reservoir through a turbine in one or more stages, and generating electricity with big advantage that is limitless unlike dam on rivers. Water of lower reservoir may be used in evaporation pond or turn back in first lower reservoir. Evaporation ponds on dry land at below sea level such as Dead Sea, Qattara Depression, etc. have both power generation and storage advantages. In other words, a lower reservoir that is below of sea level such as Dead Sea, Qattara Depression, Lake Eyre, etc. that stored sea water to use extra height advantage to reach maximum efficiency of both power storage and power production. Simultaneously usage of power storage and production is applicable by this unique and innovative method to reach maximum efficiency, even over 100 percent for power storages.

Lower water reservoir and higher water reservoir have advantages such as covering desert, absorb solar energy for evaporation or photosynthesis in algaculture, fish or shrimp pond, absorb carbon dioxide in algaculture, etc. Another near-shore pond for decreasing pumping energy can be added to store sea water in high tide to use high level water for decreasing pumping energy.

A method for economical desalination that could be used as power storage. A sea water reservoir that have enough pumped water to feed at least one long pipe. High head of water can be used instead of pump to increase pressure of sea water to reverse osmosis desalination and exhausted water (saltier water) have enough pressure to come back to near first level and be discharged into sea. A fresh water storage unit, location of desalination unit, and another devices may be located into man-made trenches, or into natural sites such as Dead Sea, etc. Produced fresh water can be pumped to using sites, or fill into storage and at low power consumption hours be pumped into consumption sites.

It should be noted exhausted salty water can’t reach to initial height (exhausted salty water have less pressure than feed water) and pressure gradient are needed to flow of water from inlet to outlet. In another cases a first sea water storage is in high level and desalination unit are in low level (near sea level) and one turbine unit harvesting energy of exhausted water, and this system acting as power storage and desalination unit simultaneously. All storage may be man-made storage or natural storage.

While the disclosure refers to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the disclosure. In addition, many modifications will be appreciated by those skilled in the art to adapt a particular instrument, situation or material to the teachings of the disclosure without departing from the spirit thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the disclosure not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed.

Claims

A method for selection of working medium in thermal power cycles, comprising:
providing a fluid with low vapor latent heat and higher heat capacity coefficient; and
extracting power in high efficiency will be achieved in higher ratio of heat capacity coefficient of said fluid to vapor latent heat of said fluid (Cp/hg).
The method of claim 1, wherein boiling temperature (point) of said fluid is higher than environmental temperature and lower than temperature of heat resource.
A system for power production, comprising:
at least one thermal power plant unit coupled to at least one heat pump unit;
wherein said thermal power plant unit is configured to using heat of said heat pump unit.
The system of claim 3, wherein said at least one heat pump unit is configured so as to permit intensifying and transferring the waste heat of condenser of conventional said thermal power plant unit into between pump and boiler of conventional said thermal power plant unit.
The system of claim 4, further comprising cooling means for remove the rest waste heat of condenser of said thermal power plant unit, in the cases that total of waste heat can’t be transferred to said thermal power plant unit, because of technological limitation.
The system of claim 4, further comprising vapor absorption refrigerator, or any other heat consumer to use the rest waste heat of condenser of said thermal power plant unit, in the cases that total of waste heat can’t be transferred to said at least one thermal power plant unit, because of technological limitation.
The system of claim 3, further comprising at least one additional heat resource such as heat from hydrothermal spring or warm water, waste heat of exhaust gas of boiler, waste heat of refinery, melting plant, or any other heat resource is used to heating said thermal power plant (for preheating of boiler or heating main boiler).
The system of claim 3, wherein the waste heat of said thermal power plant is intensified and transferred by said heat pump to heating another said thermal power plant.
The system of claim 3, further comprising an algaculture unit, a fuel cell unit or any other carbon dioxide consumer for using carbon dioxide that is captured from fossil fuel furnace of the boiler of said thermal power plants.
The system of claim 3, further comprising a means for extract ice, and reservoir of saline water, sea water, or any other non-potable water;
said heat pump unit as refrigerator is used to decrease temperature of sea water to make ice and use brine rejection feature;
ice slices exit by said means for extract ice, and saline water exit by an outlet unit;
fresh water is extracted from said ice slices by heat of inlet water, or any other heat resource;
wherein said power plant unit is configured so as to permit the extract power from temperature gradient between condenser of said heat pump unit as heat resource, and discharged saline, ice, fresh water from melting ice slices, or any other cold resource.
The system of claim 3, further comprising a reservoir of saline water, sea water, or any other non-potable water, and means for extract ice;
vapor absorption refrigerator as said heat pump unit is used to remove heat of condenser and decrease temperature of sea water to make ice and use brine rejection feature;
ice exit by said means for extract ice, and saline water exit by an outlet unit;
wherein ice, saline water, or any other cold product is configured so as to permit making needful cold to increase efficiency of said vapor absorption refrigerator or conventional said power plant unit.
A method for providing consumption options, comprising:
providing consuming options for power consumers in economical and urgent, or any other set of options; and
providing a controller to controlling and optimizing power consumption;
said controller use power consumption and power production data, ratio of them, or any other data, in advance or on time, to estimating when ratio of power production to power consumption is higher than normal that power consumption will start, and when said ratio is lower than normal that power consumption will stop;
whereby using economical options will be corresponding to decreasing in power consumption cost.
The method of claim 12, wherein specification of power consumer to specified power capacity and time of power consumption is used by controller to controlling power consumption.
The method of claim 12, wherein end time is determined, and controller select necessary time (interval) for power consumption.
The method of claim 12, further comprising power meter to measured amount of economical consumed power.
The method of claim 12, wherein a network of segregated power lines separate from main power line, providing economical electricity to consumers; and stop providing power when ratio of power production to power consumption is lower than normal by a central controller unit.
The method of claim 12, wherein power options is positioned on electrical apparatus, power outlet, power plug, or any other parts.
The method of claim 12, wherein economical electricity is used in desalination plant, batteries of electrical vehicle, or any other non-urgent consumer as energy storage.
The method of claim 12, wherein for automatic and intelligent consumption controlling, said controller is used for avoiding power consumption in on-peak moments, that the main power meter in time-variant electricity pricing can measured off-peak power consumption with or without minor said power meter to measure amount of cheap power consumption.
The method of claim 19, wherein said controller is used for economical and permanent power providing beside to another power outlets, power consumer have option to choice kind and cost of power supply.
A system for storing energy, comprising:
at least one spring unit;
at least one energy converting unit coupled to said at least one spring unit;
wherein said at least one converting energy unit is configured to harvesting energy of spring into electricity, or any other useful energy form.
The system of claim 21, further comprising a gearbox or any other transmission unit between a spiral torsion spring, pre-stressed torsion spring unit, or any other torsional spring unit as said at least one spring unit and a power generator as said at least one energy converting unit.
The system of claim 22, wherein in vehicle is used for storing energy for charging batteries of electrical vehicle.
The system of claim 21, wherein a linear spring unit is used as said at least one spring unit and a hydraulic energy harvesting unit, or any other linear harvesting energy devices is used as said at least one energy converting unit.
A method for storing energy, comprising:
providing or reaching to at least one main water reservoir;
providing at least one storage unit as higher reservoir and at least one pump unit for pumping sea water into said at least one storage unit;
providing at least one turbine unit for harvesting energy of pumped water, in one or more stages;
said pumping unit use surplus power to pump sea water into said at least one storing unit by said at least one pump unit; and
said turbine unit harvests energy of said pumped water in one or more stages;
whereby harvesting stored energy will be corresponding to increase in power consumption.
The method of claim 25, wherein using seawater of storages (reservoir) to evaporation pond for salt or chemical harvesting, fish pond, algaculture pond, or any other usage of sea water.
The method of claim 25, further comprising at least one lower reservoir that is below of sea level such as Dead Sea, Qattara Depression, etc. that stored sea water to use extra height advantage to reach maximum efficiency of both power storage and power production.
The method of claim 25, further comprising near-shore pond to store sea water in high tide to use for decreasing pumping energy.
A method for storing energy and desalination, comprising:
providing or reaching to at least one main sea water reservoir;
providing at least one desalination unit for harvesting fresh water by using head of water without pump to pressurize water;
providing at least one fresh water storage unit as lower reservoir and at least one pump unit for pumping fresh water to the consumers;
providing at least one pipe to guide exhausted salty water to initial level for discharge to sea, evaporation pond, or any other location and application; and
providing at least one another pumping unit at first step for sea water or latest step for exhausted salty water are needed;
whereby pumping unit for fresh water will pump water in low consumption hours.
The method of claim 29, wherein said at least one fresh water storage unit, location of desalination unit, and another devices may be located into man-made trenches, or into natural sites such as Dead Sea, etc.
The method of claim 29, wherein said at least one first sea water storage is high level and desalination unit are in lower level (near sea level) and one turbine unit harvesting energy of exhausted water.