WO2021248289A1

WO2021248289A1 - Transducing method and system

Info

Publication number: WO2021248289A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/094993
Authority: WO
Inventors: 孙诚刚
Original assignee: 孙诚刚
Priority date: 2020-06-08
Filing date: 2020-06-08
Publication date: 2021-12-16

Abstract

A transducing method, comprising: using a working medium of a first heat pump (I) to absorb heat from an output pressure working medium gas of a pneumatic motor (J) so as to condense the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic motor (J) to obtain a pressure working medium liquid, and delivering the pressure working medium liquid as an input pressure working medium of the pneumatic motor (J); compressing, by means of the first heat pump (I), the working medium after heat absorption to raise the temperature of the working medium so as to deliver the heat to the input pressure working medium of the pneumatic motor (J), so as to enable same to be heated and vaporized into a pressure working medium gas, the pressure working medium gas being used for actuating the pneumatic motor (J) and then being outputted by the pneumatic motor (J) as the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic motor (J); and delivering the working medium of the first heat pump (I) of which the temperature is reduced after the heat thereof has been delivered to the input pressure working medium, so as to reabsorb heat from the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic motor (J), so that the working medium of the first heat pump (I) is cyclically subjected to heat absorption, temperature increase, and temperature decrease; at least part of the working medium of the first heat pump (I) of which the temperature is reduced being heated by an external heat source, and then being reused to heat the input pressure working medium of the pneumatic motor (J).

Description

Transduction method and system

Technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of energy conversion and energy storage, in particular to an energy conversion method and an energy conversion system, which can amplify and output the input electric energy for driving external equipment, such as driving a generator to generate electricity; in particular, also It relates to a distributed energy conversion method and a distributed energy conversion system, which can store the input electric energy and amplify the output for driving external equipment, such as driving a generator to generate electricity.

Background technique

At home and abroad, the existing energy storage methods (such as electricity storage methods) include pumped water storage, flywheel energy storage, chemical battery energy storage, compressed air energy storage, etc. However, the energy efficiency ratios of the above methods are low and generally It will not exceed 0.8, and the investment required is large. In addition, in the system that implements these methods, some of the heat and cold energy that can be reused are also discharged as waste heat from the system, resulting in energy waste and a reduction in energy efficiency ratio.

In addition, some existing energy storage methods need to use specific terrain, such as mountainous areas, seasides, etc., so they are limited by geographic location during specific implementation, which limits their actual promotion and application.

Therefore, there is an urgent need for a distributed energy conversion method and a distributed energy conversion system, which can realize significantly more efficient energy storage and energy output than the prior art. In addition, there is an urgent need for an energy conversion method and system that can reuse the energy used as waste cold and waste heat in the existing energy conversion system and the high efficiency of the heat pump to realize the amplified output of electric energy.

Summary of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention proposes a distributed energy conversion method and system that overcomes the above-mentioned problems, which is used to solve the disadvantages of low energy conversion efficiency, expensive investment, and actual implementation affected by terrain or geographic location in the prior art. Moreover, it can easily realize the conversion and storage of valley electricity in the time period when the power consumption of the grid is small, and then use the stored energy to supplement the power generation of the grid when the power consumption of the grid is large, and realize the efficient storage and delayed output of energy. And the overall energy efficiency ratio is significantly improved.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a distributed energy conversion method is provided, which includes:

Use the working fluid of the heat pump to absorb heat from the first fluid circulating in the first circulation loop to cool the first fluid;

Use a heat pump to compress the working fluid after absorbing heat to further increase the temperature of the working fluid, for heating the second fluid circulating in the second circulation loop;

The heated second fluid is used to heat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine to vaporize it into a pressure working fluid gas for actuating the pneumatic engine, and to heat the input pressure working fluid to reduce the temperature of the second fluid. The fluid is reheated by the working fluid of the heat pump for reheating the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine, so that the second fluid is cyclically heated and cooled;

The refrigerated first fluid is used to condense the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine, and to condense the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine, and the heated first fluid is re-absorbed heat by the working fluid of the heat pump to be cooled It is used to condense the working fluid gas of the output pressure of the pneumatic engine again, so that the first fluid is cyclically cooled and heated;

Use an external heat source to heat at least a part of the second fluid heated by the working fluid of the heat pump, and/or condense the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine to heat up the first fluid after being heated by the heat pump The working fluid is heated by an external heat source before re-absorbing heat.

According to an embodiment, using the working fluid of the heat pump to absorb heat from the first fluid circulating in the first circulation circuit to refrigerate the first fluid may include: using the working fluid of the heat pump from the first fluid storage tank The fluid absorbs heat to cool the first fluid, and the cooled first fluid is transported to the second fluid storage tank;

Using a heat pump to compress the working fluid after absorbing heat to further increase the temperature of the working fluid, for heating the second fluid circulating in the second circulation loop may include: the heat pump compresses the working fluid after absorbing heat to The temperature of the working fluid is further increased to heat the second fluid from the third fluid storage tank, and the heated second fluid is transported to the fourth fluid storage tank; the use of an external heat source is used to heat the heat pump through the heat pump. The heating of the second fluid after mass heating includes: heating the second fluid in the fourth fluid storage tank with an external heat source;

Delivering the heated second fluid for heating the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine to vaporize it into a pressure working fluid gas for actuating the pneumatic machine may include: a heated second fluid from a fourth fluid storage tank The fluid is transported to heat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine to vaporize it into pressure working fluid gas for actuating the pneumatic machine, and the second fluid heated to the input pressure working fluid is transported back to the third fluid storage. Can;

Delivering the refrigerated first fluid for condensing the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic machine may include: the refrigerated first fluid from the second fluid storage tank is transported for condensing the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic machine It is condensed and then returned to the first fluid storage tank; the first fluid that is heated by condensing the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine is heated by an external heat source before being re-absorbed by the working fluid of the heat pump, including: The first fluid in the first fluid storage tank is sent into the spray tower from the upper inlet of the spray tower and sprayed down, and contacts the air sent from the lower inlet of the spray tower to exchange heat, wherein The temperature of the air is higher than the temperature of the first fluid being sprayed.

According to an embodiment, the refrigerated first fluid from the second fluid storage tank is conveyed for condensing the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine, which may include: making the refrigerated first fluid from the second fluid storage tank The fluid flows through the first condenser, so as to condense the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine flowing into the first condenser to obtain the pressure working fluid liquid, and the pressure working fluid liquid returns to the steam generator as the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine ；

Wherein, the heated second fluid from the fourth fluid storage tank is used to heat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine in the steam generator to vaporize it into a pressure working fluid gas when flowing through the steam generator. Pneumatic machine.

According to an embodiment, using the working fluid of the heat pump to absorb heat from the first fluid from the first fluid storage tank to cool the first fluid may include: flowing the working fluid of the heat pump through the evaporator, from flowing into the evaporator , The first fluid from the first fluid storage tank absorbs heat and evaporates, thereby cooling the first fluid;

Wherein, the compressed working fluid of the heat pump flows into the second condenser to heat and condense the second fluid flowing into the second condenser from the third fluid storage tank, and then is transported and returned to the evaporator.

According to an embodiment, before the pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation is returned to the steam generator as the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine, the method may further include:

Connect the first condenser with the working fluid storage tank, while keeping the working fluid storage tank disconnected from the steam generator, so that the pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation flows into the working fluid storage tank, and,

When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank is higher than the predetermined first threshold, the working fluid storage tank is disconnected from the first condenser and connected to the steam generator, so that the working fluid storage tank can be condensed The resulting pressure working fluid is returned to the steam generator.

According to an embodiment, the method may further include:

When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank is lower than the predetermined second threshold, the working fluid storage tank is disconnected from the steam generator and reconnected with the first condenser, so that the pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation can flow into the working fluid. The quality liquid storage tank, wherein the predetermined second threshold is lower than the predetermined first threshold.

According to an embodiment, the method may further include: when the working fluid storage tank is reconnected with the first condenser, using the pressure difference between the working fluid storage tank and the first condenser to drive the pneumatic generator to generate electricity , The generated electricity is preferably used for auxiliary heating of the second fluid in the fourth fluid storage tank.

According to an embodiment, the heat pump may include an electric motor and a compressor driven by the electric motor, and the method may further include: using at least a portion of the second fluid from the third fluid storage tank to water-cool the electric motor, and deliver it after the water-cooling Return to the fourth fluid storage tank;

and / or,

The pneumatic machine is connected to the generator to drive the generator, and the method may further include: using at least a portion of the second fluid from the third fluid storage tank to water-cool the generator, and transfer it back to the fourth fluid storage tank after the water cooling. In the jar.

According to an embodiment, the first fluid storage tank, the second fluid storage tank, the third fluid storage tank, the fourth fluid storage tank, the working fluid storage tank, the evaporator, the steam generator, the first condenser and/or the first The secondary condenser is preferably adiabatic. In addition, other components in the entire system, such as pipes, valves, etc., are also preferably insulated.

According to an embodiment, the first fluid may be brine, and the temperature of the first fluid heated by condensing the output pressure of the pneumatic engine gas, or the first fluid stored in the first fluid storage tank is preferably 0°C To 20°C, more preferably 0°C to 12°C, more preferably 12°C; the temperature of the first fluid heated by the working fluid of the heat pump or the first fluid stored in the second fluid storage tank is preferably -20 °C to 0 °C, more preferably -12 °C to 0 °C, more preferably -12 °C; and/or,

The second fluid may be water. The temperature of the second fluid after heating and cooling the input pressure working fluid or the second fluid stored in the third fluid storage tank is preferably 30°C to 50°C, more preferably 35°C To 45°C, more preferably 40°C; the temperature of the second fluid heated by the working fluid of the heat pump or the second fluid stored in the fourth fluid storage tank is preferably 90°C to 60°C, more preferably 80°C To 65°C, more preferably 75°C; and/or,

The working medium of the heat pump can be CO ₂ , and the pressure working medium of the pneumatic machine can be ammonia.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a distributed energy conversion system is provided, which includes a heat pump, a pneumatic engine, a first circulation circuit for circulating a first fluid therein, and a second fluid for circulating in it. The second circulation loop that circulates, in which,

The heat pump is used to use its working fluid to absorb heat from the first fluid to cool the first fluid, and to compress the working fluid after absorbing heat to further increase the temperature of the working fluid, and to use its working fluid to cool the second fluid. The fluid is heated;

The heated second fluid is used to heat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine to vaporize it into a pressure working fluid gas, which is used to actuate the pneumatic machine and heat the input pressure working fluid to reduce the temperature of the second fluid The working medium of the heat pump is reheated to reheat the working medium of the input pressure of the pneumatic engine, so that the second fluid is cyclically heated and cooled;

The refrigerated first fluid is used to condense the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine, and condense the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine, and the heated first fluid is re-absorbed by the heat pump working fluid to cool down. Used to condense the output pressure of the pneumatic engine again, so that the first fluid is circulated for cooling and heating,

At least a part of the second fluid heated by the working fluid of the heat pump is also heated by the external heat source, and/or, the first fluid heated by the working fluid of the heat pump after condensing the output pressure of the pneumatic engine. The mass is heated by an external heat source before it absorbs heat again.

According to an embodiment, the system may further include: a first fluid storage tank, a second fluid storage tank, a third fluid storage tank, and a fourth fluid storage tank, wherein the first fluid storage tank and the second fluid storage tank are located in the first fluid storage tank. A circulation loop is used to store the first fluid, the third fluid storage tank and the fourth fluid storage tank are located in the second circulation loop to store the second fluid, and wherein:

The first fluid storage tank is used to store the first fluid that has been heated by condensing the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine, and the heat pump is used to use its working fluid to absorb heat from the first fluid from the first fluid storage tank. The first fluid is refrigerated, and the second fluid storage tank is used to store the refrigerated first fluid;

The third fluid storage tank is used to store the second fluid after heating and cooling the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine, wherein the heat pump is used to heat the second fluid from the third fluid storage tank by using its working fluid, and the first The four-fluid storage tank is used to store the heated second fluid, and the second fluid heated by the working fluid of the heat pump is also heated by an external heat source including: using an external heat source to heat the second fluid in the fourth fluid storage tank The second fluid is heated;

The system also includes a spray tower, the spray tower includes an upper inlet, the first fluid in the first fluid storage tank is sent into the spray tower from the upper inlet and sprayed down, and from the spray tower The air sent from the lower inlet of the shower tower contacts and exchanges heat, wherein the temperature of the air is higher than the temperature of the first fluid being sprayed.

According to an embodiment, the system may further include a first condenser and a steam generator, wherein,

The first condenser is used to: make the refrigerated first fluid from the second fluid storage tank when flowing through the first condenser to condense the working fluid gas flowing into the first condenser and the output pressure of the pneumatic engine to obtain a pressure working fluid. The pressure working fluid is returned to the steam generator as the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine; the steam generator is used to: cause the heated second fluid from the fourth fluid storage tank to generate steam when flowing through the steam generator The input pressure working medium of the pneumatic engine in the device is heated to vaporize it into a pressure working medium gas to actuate the pneumatic engine.

According to an embodiment, the system may further include an evaporator and a second condenser, wherein,

The evaporator is used to make the working fluid of the heat pump absorb heat from the first fluid flowing into the evaporator and from the first fluid storage tank when flowing through the evaporator to evaporate, thereby cooling the first fluid; the second condenser is used for : Make the compressed working fluid of the heat pump heat and condense the second fluid flowing into the second condenser from the third fluid storage tank when it flows through the second condenser, and then transport and return to the evaporator after being heated .

According to an embodiment, the system may further include a working fluid storage tank, which is located at a lower position than the first condenser and is in fluid communication with the first condenser through the first valve, and generates steam through the second valve. Fluid communication,

Wherein, when the first valve is in the open state, the second valve is in the closed state, so that the first condenser is in communication with the working fluid storage tank, while keeping the working fluid storage tank disconnected from the steam generator, so that the condensation is obtained The pressure working fluid can flow into the working fluid storage tank by gravity;

And, when the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank is higher than the predetermined first threshold, the first valve becomes closed and the second valve becomes open, so that the working fluid storage tank is disconnected from the first condenser. And it is connected with the steam generator, so that the pressure working fluid in the working fluid storage tank can be returned to the steam generator.

According to an embodiment, when the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank is lower than the predetermined second threshold, the first valve becomes open and the second valve becomes closed, so that the working fluid storage tank is disconnected from the steam generator. The communication is opened to reconnect with the first condenser, so that the pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation in the first condenser can flow into the working fluid storage tank, wherein the predetermined second threshold is lower than the predetermined first threshold.

Here, the first valve and the second valve may be electric valves.

According to an embodiment, the working fluid storage tank may also be in fluid communication with the first condenser through a third pipeline that is different from the first pipeline where the first valve is located, and the third pipeline includes a third pipeline connected in series. Valves and pneumatic generators,

The working fluid storage tank is also in fluid communication with the steam generator through a fourth pipeline that is different from the second pipeline where the second valve is located. The fourth pipeline includes a fourth valve and a gas storage tank connected in series. The tank is connected between the steam generator and the fourth valve and is used to store vaporized pressure working fluid gas,

When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank is higher than the predetermined first threshold, the third valve changes from an open state to a closed state, and the fourth valve changes from a closed state to an open state, considering that the first valve becomes a closed state at this time And the second valve becomes an open state, so that the working fluid storage tank is disconnected from the first condenser to communicate with the steam generator, so that the pressure working fluid in the working fluid storage tank can be returned to the steam generator; When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank is lower than the predetermined second threshold value, the third valve changes from a closed state to an open state and the fourth valve changes from an open state to a closed state, thereby utilizing the internal and the first valve of the working fluid storage tank. The pressure difference between the inside of a condenser drives a pneumatic generator to generate electricity. The generated electricity is preferably used to assist heating of the second fluid in the fourth fluid storage tank, and is connected to the first condenser inside the working fluid storage tank. After the internal pressure balances, the first valve changes from a closed state to an open state.

According to an embodiment, the first valve and the second valve may be one-way valves, and the third valve and the fourth valve may be electric valves.

According to an embodiment, the heat pump may include an electric motor and a compressor driven by the electric motor, and at least a part of the second fluid from the third fluid storage tank is used to water-cool the electric motor, and returns to the fourth fluid storage tank after the water cooling; and /Or, the pneumatic machine is connected with the generator to drive the generator, and at least a part of the second fluid from the third fluid storage tank is used for water cooling of the generator, and returns to the fourth fluid storage tank after the water cooling.

According to an embodiment, the first fluid storage tank, the second fluid storage tank, the third fluid storage tank, the fourth fluid storage tank, the working fluid storage tank, the evaporator, the steam generator, the first condenser and/or the first The second condenser can be adiabatic. In addition, other components in the entire system, such as pipes, valves, etc., are also preferably insulated.

According to an embodiment, the first fluid may be brine, and the temperature of the first fluid heated by condensing the output pressure of the pneumatic engine gas, or the first fluid stored in the first fluid storage tank is preferably 0°C To 20°C, more preferably 0°C to 12°C, more preferably 12°C; the temperature of the first fluid refrigerated by absorbing heat by the working fluid of the heat pump or the first fluid stored in the second fluid storage tank is preferably -20°C to 0°C, more preferably -12°C to 0°C, more preferably -12°C; and/or,

In the distributed energy conversion method and the distributed energy conversion system of the present invention, the heat pump is used to heat the second fluid while cooling the first fluid, and the cooled first fluid is used for the output pressure of the pneumatic engine. The gas is condensed and the exhaust pressure of the pneumatic machine is reduced. At the same time, the heated second fluid is used to heat the input pressure of the pneumatic machine and vaporize it to increase the pressure of the input pressure of the pneumatic machine, thereby greatly increasing The pressure difference between the working medium input end and the working medium output end of the pneumatic machine, thereby increasing the power and power generation of the pneumatic machine. Here, the first fluid circulates in one circulation loop, and the second fluid circulates in another circulation loop, which will not discharge energy to the outside of the overall energy conversion system, thereby avoiding energy loss and improving the energy efficiency of the overall system Compare. In addition, when the first fluid condenses the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine, it is also a process in which the first fluid absorbs the heat in the output pressure working fluid gas and stores energy. The stored heat energy can be used for the working fluid absorption of the heat pump. Heat, thereby avoiding energy loss in the system.

In other words, in the distributed energy conversion method and system of the present invention, there is no "waste heat" in the traditional sense, because these "waste heat" are used as useful energy in other links. For example, from the perspective of a heat pump, the heat pump heats the second fluid for subsequent heating and vaporization of the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine, and at the same time cools the first fluid to make it subsequently used for heating The output pressure of the pneumatic engine is used to condense the working fluid gas, so the heat pump uses both the sensible heat of the second fluid and the latent heat of the first fluid. For another example, from the perspective of a pneumatic engine, the waste heat carried in the exhaust steam after the work of the pneumatic engine's pressure working fluid is also recovered by the refrigerated first fluid so that the subsequent heat pump working fluid absorbs heat, so that the pneumatic engine's " "Waste heat" has also been reused. Even the waste heat generated by the electric motor in the heat pump and the generator driven by the pneumatic machine can be water-cooled by the second fluid from the third fluid storage tank and then recycled to the fourth fluid storage tank for subsequent use.

The distributed energy conversion method and system of the present invention can be used to drive external equipment, such as driving a generator for power generation, thereby realizing a distributed energy storage power generation method and system, which can significantly improve the energy efficiency ratio, thereby increasing the power generation efficiency, and through more A fluid storage tank is used for energy storage, which can store the valley electricity in the grid at night, and then use the energy stored at night to generate electricity when the demand for electricity is high during the day, and significantly increase the output power.

According to the modification of the above embodiment, if the first circulation loop and the second circulation loop in the distributed energy conversion method and the distributed energy conversion system are removed, the working fluid of the heat pump and the working fluid of the pneumatic engine are directly exchanged for heat. , Then obtain an energy conversion method and energy conversion system, which can realize the instantaneous amplification output of the input energy.

According to a variation of the foregoing embodiment, an energy conversion method is provided, including:

The working medium of the heat pump is used to absorb the heat of the output pressure working medium gas from the pneumatic machine to condense the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine to obtain the pressure working medium liquid, and the pressure working medium liquid is transported as the pneumatic machine Input pressure working fluid;

The heat pump is used to compress the working fluid after absorbing the heat to raise the temperature of the working fluid so that the heat can be transferred to the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine to be heated and vaporized into a pressure working fluid gas, and the pressure working fluid gas is used After actuating the pneumatic machine, the pneumatic machine outputs the working fluid gas as the output pressure of the pneumatic machine;

The working fluid of the heat pump after the heat is transferred to the input pressure working fluid and the temperature is reduced is transported for re-absorbing heat from the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic machine, so that the working fluid of the heat pump circulates for the suction Heat, warm up and cool down,

The method further includes: transferring heat to the input pressure working medium, and at least a part of the working medium of the first heat pump after being cooled is heated by an external heat source, and then reused for the input pressure of the pneumatic engine Working fluid heating.

According to another variation of the above embodiment, an energy conversion system is provided, which includes a heat pump, a pneumatic engine, a first evaporative condenser, and a second evaporative condenser, wherein the heat pump is connected to the first evaporative condenser through a pipeline, respectively. And the second evaporative condenser is in fluid communication, and the first evaporative condenser and the second evaporative condenser are in fluid communication through the first pipeline, so that the working fluid of the heat pump can pass through the first evaporative condenser, the first pipeline, and The second evaporative condenser circulates; and the pneumatic machine is in fluid communication with the first evaporative condenser and the second evaporative condenser through pipelines, and the first evaporative condenser and the second evaporative condenser also pass through the first evaporative condenser. The two pipelines are in fluid communication, so that the pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine can circulate through the first evaporative condenser, the second pipeline, and the second evaporative condenser,

The working medium of the heat pump is used to absorb heat from the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine in the first evaporative condenser to condense the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine to obtain the pressure working medium liquid, and the pressure The working fluid is transported as the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine;

The heat pump is used to compress the working fluid after absorbing heat to raise the temperature of the working fluid so as to heat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine in the second evaporative condenser to vaporize it into a pressure working fluid gas , The pressure working medium gas is used to actuate the pneumatic machine and then output by the pneumatic machine as the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine;

The working fluid of the heat pump after heating the input pressure working fluid in the second evaporative condenser and cooling down is used to transport to the first evaporative condenser and absorb again from the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine Heat, so that the working fluid of the heat pump circulates to absorb heat, increase temperature, and decrease temperature;

The system further includes a reheater, which is in fluid communication with the second evaporative condenser through at least two pipelines, so that at least a part of the working fluid of the heat pump after the cooling passes through the One of the at least two pipelines is input into the reheater so as to be heated by the external heat source flowing through the reheater, and then returns to the second pipeline through the other of the at least two pipelines. The second evaporative condenser is reused to heat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine.

The distributed energy conversion method and system of the present invention can make full use of the thermal energy contained in the ambient air and industrial waste heat, and input them into the method and system, so as to overcome the possible energy loss in the method and the system, and further improve the power generation efficiency.

The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention, so that the technical means of the present invention can be understood more clearly, so that it can be implemented in accordance with the content of the description. In order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following specifically illustrates the specific embodiments of the present invention.

Description of the drawings

By reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below, various other advantages and benefits will become clear to those of ordinary skill in the art. The drawings are only used for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments, and are not considered as a limitation to the present invention. Also, throughout the drawings, the same reference symbols are used to denote the same components. In the attached picture:

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a distributed energy conversion system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 1a is a schematic diagram of a modification of the distributed energy conversion system shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 2 is a partial schematic diagram of the distributed energy conversion system shown in Figs. 1 and 1a according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a distributed energy conversion method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3a is a schematic diagram of a variation of the distributed energy conversion method shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an energy conversion system according to a variant embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4a is a schematic diagram of a modification of the energy conversion system shown in Fig. 4;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an energy conversion method according to another modified embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5a is a schematic diagram of a variation of the distributed energy conversion method shown in Fig. 5;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an energy conversion system according to another modified embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the drawings show exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided for a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a distributed energy conversion system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the distributed energy conversion system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a heat pump I, a pneumatic engine J, a circulation loop for circulating salt water therein, and a circulation loop for circulating water supply therein. ,in,

The heat pump I is used to use its working fluid to absorb heat from the brine in the circulation loop to cool the brine, and to compress the heat-absorbed working fluid to further increase the temperature of the working fluid, and to use its working fluid to further increase the temperature of the working fluid. The water in a circulation loop is heated; in FIG. 1, the heat pump 1 includes, for example, an electric motor 8 and a compressor connected to the electric motor 8, and includes a working fluid pipeline connected to the compressor and a working fluid in the pipeline.

The heated water is used to heat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine J to vaporize it into a pressure working fluid gas for actuating the pneumatic machine J, and to heat the input pressure working fluid, and the cooled water is used by the heat pump The working fluid of I is reheated for reheating the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine J, so that the water is cyclically heated and cooled in the other circulation loop;

The refrigerated brine is used to condense the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine J, and condense the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine J, and the heated salt water is re-absorbed by the working medium of the heat pump I to cool it for use. Yu re-condenses the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine J, so that the brine is circulated for cooling and heating in the circulation loop.

In the present invention, the circulation loop is used to circulate brine and water in one direction, so that the brine is circulated for cooling and heating when circulating in the circulation loop, and the water is circulated for heating and cooling when circulating in the circulation loop. . These circulation loops can be designed according to needs, using various pipelines, valves, pumping devices, evaporators, condensers, steam generators, etc., according to needs, the circulation loops can also include temporary storage of brine and water respectively Fluid storage tank. Therefore, there is no particular limitation on the specific realization of the circulation loop in the present invention, as long as it can circulate the brine and water therein so as to be refrigerated and heated by the circulation.

The condenser C in the distributed energy conversion system is used to make the refrigerated brine from the fluid storage tank E face the pneumatic engine J in the shell side of the condenser C when it flows through the tube side of the condenser C. The output pressure working fluid gas (such as ammonia) is condensed to obtain a pressure working fluid liquid (ie liquid ammonia), which is returned to the steam generator D as the input pressure working fluid (ie liquid ammonia) of the pneumatic engine J; steam The generator D is used to: make the heated water from the fluid storage tank F flow through the tube pass of the steam generator D to heat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine J in the shell pass of the steam generator D. It vaporizes into a pressure working medium gas to actuate the pneumatic engine J.

The distributed energy conversion system may also include an evaporator A and a condenser B. The evaporator A is used to: when the working fluid of the heat pump I flows through the shell side of the evaporator A, it flows into the tube side of the evaporator A. , The brine from the fluid storage tank G absorbs heat and evaporates, thereby cooling the brine; the condenser B is used to: make the compressed working fluid of the heat pump I flow into the condenser B when it flows through the shell side of the condenser B The water in the pipe pass from the fluid storage tank H releases heat and is condensed, and is transported and returned to the evaporator A after releasing the heat.

In the distributed energy conversion system of the present invention, the heat pump I is used to heat the water while cooling the brine, and the cooled brine is used to condense the output pressure of the pneumatic engine J to reduce the exhaust of the pneumatic engine J. At the same time, the heated water is used to heat the input pressure working medium of pneumatic machine J to vaporize it to increase the pressure of the working medium input pressure of pneumatic machine J, thereby greatly improving the working medium input end and the working medium of pneumatic machine J. The pressure difference between the output ends of the working medium (that is, between the input pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic engine J and the output pressure working medium gas, that is, the output exhaust steam), thereby increasing the output power of the pneumatic engine J and increasing power generation. Here, the brine circulates in one circulation loop, and the water circulates in the other circulation loop, which will not discharge energy to the outside of the overall energy conversion system, thereby avoiding energy loss and improving the energy efficiency ratio of the overall system. In addition, when the brine condenses the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine J, it is also a process in which the salt water absorbs the heat in the output pressure working fluid gas to store energy. The stored heat energy can be used for the heat absorption of the working fluid of the heat pump. Thus avoiding energy loss in the system. Moreover, the "waste heat" generated when the heat pump I cools the brine is used by the heat pump I to heat the water, and there is no waste heat in the entire system.

In the above embodiment, the circulation circuit for the brine can be constituted by the evaporator A, the fluid storage tank E, the condenser C, and the fluid storage tank G connected by pipes, and the fluid storage tank G and the evaporator A also pass through the pipes. The pipeline is connected to form a closed circulation loop. A pumping device (for example, water pump 4) is set in the pipeline to drive the brine to circulate in the circulation loop. For example, the pipe between the evaporator A and the fluid storage tank E A water pump 4 is provided on the road to transport the cooled brine in the evaporator A to the fluid storage tank E for storage; for example, a water pump 4 can be provided on the pipeline between the fluid storage tank E and the condenser C to transfer the brine from the The brine in the fluid storage tank E is transported to the condenser C; for example, a water pump can also be provided on the pipeline between the fluid storage tank G and the evaporator A to transport the brine from the fluid storage tank G to the evaporator A . The present invention has no limitation on this, and a water pump can be installed in the designated pipeline according to actual needs.

Similarly, the circulation circuit for water can be composed of condenser B, fluid storage tank F, steam generator D, and fluid storage tank H connected in sequence by pipelines, and fluid storage tank H and condenser B are also connected by pipelines Therefore, a closed circulation loop is formed, and a pumping device (for example, the water pump 4) is set at a required position in the pipeline to drive the water to circulate in the circulation loop. For example, a water pump 4 can be provided on the pipeline between the condenser B and the fluid storage tank F to transfer the heated water in the condenser B to the fluid storage tank F for storage; for example, it can be stored in the fluid storage tank F and steam. A water pump 4 is provided on the pipeline between the generator D to deliver the water from the fluid storage tank F to the steam generator D; for example, it can also be provided on the pipeline between the fluid storage tank H and the condenser B The water pump is used to transport water from the fluid storage tank H to the condenser B. The present invention has no limitation on this, and a water pump can be installed in the designated pipeline according to actual needs.

In the present invention, salt water is used as the circulating fluid in one of the circulation loops, and water (i.e., ordinary fresh water) is used as the circulating fluid in the other circulation loop. However, the present invention is not limited to the use of salt water and water as the circulating fluid. Under the circumstances, other fluids can also be used, such as other types of liquids or even gases, as long as they can be maintained in a fluid state at the required operating temperature to facilitate circulating flow, so as to be compatible with the working fluid of the heat pump and the pressure of the pneumatic machine. The working fluid can be used for heat exchange at the specified temperature. Those skilled in the art can determine the fluid suitable for circulating in the above-mentioned circulation loop according to the type, pressure, working temperature, etc. of the heat pump working medium used in the system and the type, pressure, working temperature, etc. of the pressure working medium used by the pneumatic machine. . In each embodiment of the present invention, only salt water and water are used as the circulating fluid for description. The reason why salt water is used as the first fluid is that it needs to be able to maintain fluidity below zero, and has a wide range of sources and low cost; in addition, when it refers to "water", it refers to ordinary fresh water with a freezing point of 0°C.

As shown in Figure 1, the fluid storage tank G and the fluid storage tank E are respectively used for storing salt water at different temperatures in the circulation loop for the brine, and the fluid storage tank H and the fluid storage tank F are used in the other circulation loop for the water. They are used to store water at different temperatures.

The fluid storage tank G is used to store the brine that is heated by condensing the output pressure of the pneumatic engine J. At this time, the temperature of the brine generally rises above zero, for example, it can be 0°C to 20°C, or 0°C to 0°C. It is 12 degreeC, Preferably it is 12 degreeC, Of course, it can also be set to other temperature as needed. The heat pump I is used to use its working fluid to absorb heat from the brine from the fluid storage tank G to cool the brine, and the fluid storage tank E is used to store the refrigerated brine. At this time, the temperature of the brine is generally cooled to below zero, for example, It is -20°C to 0°C, or -12°C to 0°C, preferably -12°C, of course, it can also be set to other temperatures as required.

The fluid storage tank H is used to store the water after heating and cooling the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine J. At this time, the temperature of the water is generally 20°C to 60°C, such as 30°C to 50°C, such as 35°C to 45°C. , Preferably 40°C, of course, it can also be set to other temperatures as necessary. The heat pump I is used to heat the water from the fluid storage tank H by its working medium, and the fluid storage tank F is used to store the heated water. At this time, the temperature of the water is generally 90°C to 60°C, for example, 80°C to 65°C. The temperature is preferably 75°C, but of course it can be set to other temperatures as necessary.

Here, the working medium of the heat pump I is, for example, CO ₂ , and the pressure working medium of the pneumatic engine J is, for example, ammonia. Of course, this is only an example. The working medium of the heat pump I and the pressure working medium of the pneumatic machine J can also use other types of media, as long as the evaporation and condensation can be achieved at the set temperature to interact with the external fluid (such as brine or water). Just heat exchange. For example, the pressure working medium of the pneumatic machine J can also be freon.

In the case of heat pump I using CO ₂ as the working fluid (refrigerant) for transcritical operation, in order to obtain a higher cooling energy efficiency ratio for evaporator A, it is better to make evaporator A cool the brine to about -12°C. Hourly refrigeration energy efficiency ratio is about 2. The heat pump I can also use other types of working fluids, as long as the heat pump I is allowed to absorb heat from the brine in the evaporator A and release heat to the water in the condenser B.

In order to ensure the high energy efficiency ratio when the heat pump heats the water in the condenser B, the temperature of the water in the fluid storage tank H is preferably 40°C; the temperature of the water in the fluid storage tank F is preferably 75°C, under these temperature conditions , The energy efficiency ratio of heat pump I to water heating is about 3.

When liquid ammonia is used as the pressure working medium of the pneumatic machine J, for example, when the environmentally friendly refrigerant liquid ammonia is used, when the temperature of the water at the inlet of the tube pass of the steam generator D is 75°C and the temperature of the water at the outlet of the tube pass is 40°C , The vapor pressure of liquid ammonia vaporized in the shell side of the steam generator D is 16.7KG. At this time, if the temperature of the brine at the inlet of the tube pass of the condenser C is -12°C and the temperature of the brine at the outlet of the tube pass is 12°C, the generated back pressure of the pneumatic machine J is about 6.7KG, so in this system, the pneumatic machine J The net pressure difference of about 10KG can be obtained, which is significantly improved compared with the prior art, thereby increasing the output power of the pneumatic machine J. When the pneumatic machine J is used to drive the generator to generate electricity, the power generation is significantly increased. Of course According to the actual temperature of the water flowing into the steam generator D, the temperature of the brine flowing into the condenser C, etc., those skilled in the art can select appropriate other working fluids as the pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine J. The present invention is This is not restricted.

The fluid storage tanks, evaporators, condensers, steam generators, pipelines, valves, etc. in the system in the embodiment of the present invention are preferably insulated to avoid undesired heat exchange with the outside world.

The following specifically describes an exemplary process in which the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine J is condensed in the condenser C and then returned to the steam generator D as the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine J.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the energy conversion system of this embodiment may also include a working fluid storage tank 14, which is located at a lower position compared with the first condenser C and passes through the valve 13 and the first condenser C fluid It is connected and is in fluid communication with the steam generator D through the valve 18. Wherein, when the valve 13 is in the open state, the valve 18 is in the closed state, so that the condenser C is in communication with the working fluid storage tank 14, while keeping the working fluid storage tank 14 disconnected from the steam generator D, so that the condensing The pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation in the vessel C can flow into the working fluid storage tank 14 by gravity (or a pumping device); and, when the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank 14 is higher than the predetermined high liquid level threshold 19 At this time, the valve 13 is turned into a closed state and the valve 18 is turned into an open state, so that the working fluid storage tank 14 is disconnected from the condenser C and communicated with the steam generator D, so that the working fluid storage tank 14 can be The collected pressure working fluid is returned to the steam generator D to be subsequently vaporized as the input pressure working gas of the pneumatic engine J.

In addition, when the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank 14 is lower than the predetermined low liquid level threshold 20, the valve 13 becomes open and the valve 18 becomes closed, so that the working fluid storage tank 14 is disconnected from the steam generator D. When the connection is opened and the condenser C is reconnected, the pressure working fluid liquid condensed in the condenser C can flow into the working fluid storage tank 14, wherein the predetermined low liquid level threshold 20 is lower than the predetermined high liquid level threshold 19. Here, the valve 13 and the valve 18 may be electric valves. The sensor 15 for sensing the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank 14 detects that the liquid level is higher than the predetermined high liquid level threshold 19 or lower than the predetermined low liquid level. The threshold value 20 is driven to open and close as described above.

In another implementation of this embodiment, the valve 13 and the valve 18 may be one-way check valves. When the valve 13 is opened, the pressure working fluid is allowed to flow in the direction from the condenser C to the working fluid storage tank 14. When the valve 18 is opened, the pressure working fluid is allowed to flow in the direction from the working fluid storage tank 14 to the steam generator D. At this time, the working fluid storage tank 14 can also be in fluid communication with the condenser C through a pipeline different from the pipeline where the valve 13 is located. The different pipeline contains the valve 12 and the pneumatic generator 11 connected in series, which can control the working The pressure working medium gas above the pressure working medium liquid in the medium storage tank 14 flows into the condenser C; in addition, the working medium storage tank 14 also communicates with the steam generator D through a pipeline different from the pipeline where the valve 18 is located. In fluid communication, the different pipelines include a valve 16 and a gas storage tank 17 connected in series. The gas storage tank 17 is connected between the steam generator D and the valve 16 and is used to vaporize the pneumatic engine from the steam generator D The pressure working medium gas and the pneumatic working medium liquid carried by it are separated from each other and the vaporized pneumatic working medium gas is temporarily stored when necessary. The valve 16 can control the pressure working medium gas generated in the steam generator D to flow to the working medium storage liquid. Tank 14. Here, the valve 12 and the valve 16 are electric valves, which are controlled by the sensing signal of the liquid level sensor 15; the gas storage tank 17 can also be replaced by other devices with a liquid-gas separation function.

The working process of the working fluid storage tank 14 and related valves in the above another implementation of this embodiment will be described below in conjunction with the partial enlarged schematic diagram of the distributed energy conversion system shown in FIG. 2. When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank 14 is higher than the predetermined high liquid level threshold 19, the liquid level sensor 15 senses that the liquid level is higher than the predetermined high liquid level threshold 19, and will generate an electrical signal for driving the electric valve 12 by The open state changes to the closed state and the electric valve 16 is driven from the closed state to the open state. At this time, the high-pressure gas in the gas storage tank 17 (that is, the pressure working medium gas produced by vaporization in the steam generator D) enters the work through the valve 16 The pressure in the working fluid storage tank 14 is increased in the fluid storage tank 14, thereby causing the one-way valve 13 to close, and the one-way valve 18 is opened due to the gravity of the pressure working fluid in the working fluid storage tank 14. As a result, the working fluid storage tank 14 is connected to the steam generator D, and the pressure working fluid can be returned to the steam generator D. When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank 14 is lower than the predetermined low liquid level threshold 20, the liquid level sensor 15 is lower than the predetermined low liquid level threshold 20, and an electric signal is generated to drive the electric valve 12 to change from the closed state. The electric valve 16 is driven from the open state to the closed state for the open state. At this moment, the pressure inside the working fluid storage tank 14 is greater than that inside the shell side of the condenser C (which supplies the pressure working fluid gas and liquid of the pneumatic engine J through it ), the pressure difference can be used to drive the pneumatic generator 11 to generate electricity. The generated electricity is preferably used to heat up the heating tube 22 through the wire 23, so as to assist in heating the water in the fluid storage tank F and store the heat in Fluid storage tank F. Moreover, as the pressure inside the working fluid storage tank 14 decreases, the one-way valve 13 changes from a closed state to an open state due to the gravity of the pressure working fluid in the condenser C; at this time, due to the shell side of the steam generator D The internal pressure (which supplies the pressure working fluid and gas of the pneumatic machine J) is greater than the pressure inside the working fluid storage tank 14, so that the one-way valve 18 changes from an open state to a closed state, so that the working fluid storage tank 14 is disconnected from the steam generator D. This method saves a lot of electricity compared to the traditional method of using an electric pump to return the working fluid, and it is resistant to high voltage, does not leak, and is more efficient.

In the distributed energy conversion system of the embodiment of the present invention, the heat pump 1 includes an electric motor 8 and a compressor driven by the electric motor. At least a part of the water from the fluid storage tank H is used for water-cooling the electric motor 8 and Then return to the fluid storage tank F; and/or, the pneumatic machine J is connected with the generator to drive the generator, and at least a part of the water from the fluid storage tank H is used to cool the generator, and returns to the fluid storage tank F after the water cooling. middle. In this way, the heat generated by the mechanical movement of the equipment (including motors and generators, etc.) in the system can also be stored and utilized, avoiding waste heat generation.

The distributed energy conversion method according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a distributed energy storage and energy conversion method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the distributed energy conversion method of the embodiment of the present invention may include:

The working fluid of the heat pump I is used to absorb heat from the brine in the circulation loop to cool the brine, and the heat pump I is used to compress the heat-absorbed working fluid to further increase the temperature of the working fluid, which is used to use its working fluid for another The water in the circulation loop is heated;

The heated water is used to heat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine J to vaporize it into a pressure working fluid gas for actuating the pneumatic machine J, and the input pressure working fluid is heated and cooled. Reheated by the working fluid of the heat pump I for reheating the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine J, so that the water is cyclically heated and cooled in the other circulation loop;

The refrigerated brine is used to condense the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine J, and to condense the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine J, and the heated brine is re-absorbed by the working fluid of the heat pump I to cool it. It is used to condense the working fluid gas of the output pressure of the pneumatic machine J again, so that the brine is circulated for cooling and heating in the circulation loop.

In the embodiments of the present invention, the circulation loops are respectively used to circulate salt water and water in one direction, and have the same meaning as the circulation loops in the above embodiments.

The working fluid of the heat pump I can absorb heat from the brine from the fluid storage tank G to cool the brine, and the refrigerated brine is transported to the fluid storage tank E. The heat pump I can also compress the working fluid after absorbing heat to further increase the temperature of the working fluid for heating the water from the fluid storage tank H, and the heated water is transported to the fluid storage tank F. The heated water from the fluid storage tank F can be transported for heating the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine J to vaporize it into a pressure working fluid gas for actuating the pneumatic machine J and heating the input pressure working fluid The latter water is transported back to the fluid storage tank H. The refrigerated brine from the fluid storage tank E is transported to condense the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine J, and then returns to the fluid storage tank G.

The refrigeration and heating in the energy conversion method in the embodiment of the present invention can be realized by a condenser and an evaporator. As shown in Figure 1, the refrigerated first fluid from the fluid storage tank E can flow through the tube side of the condenser C, so as to control the output pressure of the pneumatic engine J in the shell side of the condenser C. (For example, ammonia gas) is condensed to obtain a pressure working fluid (ie, liquid ammonia), and the pressure working fluid is returned to the steam generator D as the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine J (ie, liquid ammonia). The heated water from the fluid storage tank F can be used to heat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine J in the shell side of the steam generator D when flowing through the tube side of the steam generator D to vaporize it into pressure. The working fluid gas thus actuates the pneumatic machine J.

In the energy conversion method according to the embodiment of the present invention, the working fluid of the heat pump I can flow through the shell side of the evaporator A, and absorb heat from the brine flowing into the tube side of the evaporator A and from the fluid storage tank G. Evaporate, thereby cooling the brine. The compressed working fluid of the heat pump I can flow into the shell side of the condenser B to heat and condense the water flowing into the tube side of the condenser B from the fluid storage tank H, and then be transported and returned to the evaporator A. In the case of no conflict, the "shell side" and "tube side" in the present invention can also be interchanged according to actual applications.

In this embodiment, the configuration of the circulation loop for salt water and the circulation loop for water may have the same meaning as described in the above embodiment. In the present invention, salt water is used as the circulating fluid in one of the circulation loops, and water (i.e., ordinary fresh water) is used as the circulating fluid in the other circulation loop. However, the present invention is not limited to the use of salt water and water as the circulating fluid. Under the circumstances, other fluids can also be used, such as other types of liquids or even gases, as long as they can be maintained in a fluid state at the required operating temperature to facilitate circulating flow, so as to be compatible with the working fluid of the heat pump and the pressure of the pneumatic machine. The working fluid can be used for heat exchange at the specified temperature. Those skilled in the art can determine the fluid suitable for circulating in the above-mentioned circulation loop according to the type, pressure, working temperature, etc. of the heat pump working medium used in the system and the type, pressure, working temperature, etc. of the pressure working medium used by the pneumatic machine. . In each embodiment of the present invention, only salt water and water are used as the circulating fluid for description. The reason why salt water is used as the first fluid is that it needs to be able to maintain fluidity below zero, and has a wide range of sources and low cost; in addition, when it refers to "water", it refers to ordinary fresh water with a freezing point of 0°C.

When liquid ammonia is used as the pressure working medium of the pneumatic machine J, for example, when the environmentally friendly refrigerant liquid ammonia is used, when the temperature of the water at the inlet of the tube pass of the steam generator D is 75°C and the temperature of the water at the outlet of the tube pass is 40°C , The vapor pressure of liquid ammonia vaporized in the shell side of the steam generator D is 16.7KG. At this time, if the temperature of the brine at the inlet of the tube pass of the condenser C is -12°C and the temperature of the brine at the outlet of the tube pass is 12°C, the generated back pressure of the pneumatic machine J is about 6.7KG, so in this system, the pneumatic machine J The net pressure difference of about 10KG can be obtained, which is significantly improved compared with the prior art, thereby increasing the output power of the pneumatic machine J. When the pneumatic machine J is used to drive the generator to generate electricity, the power generation is significantly increased, so that The energy efficiency ratio of the generator can reach about 5. Of course, according to the actual temperature of the water flowing into the steam generator D, the temperature of the brine flowing into the condenser C, etc., those skilled in the art can select other suitable working fluids as the pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine J. The present invention There is no restriction on this.

The following describes the process of returning the pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensing the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine J to the steam generator D as the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine J in the energy conversion method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Specifically, before the pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation is returned to the steam generator D as the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine J, the method may further include:

Connect the condenser C with the working fluid storage tank 14 while keeping the working fluid storage tank 14 disconnected from the steam generator D, so that the pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation flows into the working fluid storage tank 14, and when When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank 14 is higher than the predetermined high liquid level threshold 19, the working fluid storage tank 14 is disconnected from the condenser C and connected to the steam generator D, so that the working fluid storage tank 14 can be connected to the steam generator D. The pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation in the tank 14 is returned to the steam generator D.

In addition, when the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank 14 is lower than the predetermined low liquid level threshold 20, the working fluid storage tank 14 is disconnected from the steam generator D and reconnected with the condenser C, so that the pressure obtained by condensation is The working fluid can flow into the working fluid storage tank 14, wherein the predetermined low liquid level threshold 20 is lower than the predetermined low liquid level threshold.

When the working fluid storage tank 14 is reconnected with the condenser C, the pressure difference between the inside of the working fluid storage tank 14 and the shell side of the condenser C can also be used to drive the pneumatic generator 11 to generate electricity, and the generated electricity is preferably used For auxiliary heating of the water in the fluid storage tank F.

If the heat pump I includes an electric motor 8 and a compressor driven by the electric motor 8, the pneumatic engine J is connected with the generator to drive the generator, in order to reuse the heat generated by the mechanical movement in the system, the exchange according to the embodiment of the present invention The energy method may further include: using at least a part of the water from the fluid storage tank H for water cooling of the electric motor 8 and sending it back to the fluid storage tank F after the water cooling; and using at least a part of the water from the fluid storage tank H The generator is water-cooled, and is transported back to the fluid storage tank F after the water-cooling.

Similar to the above-mentioned energy conversion system, fluid storage tank G, fluid storage tank E, fluid storage tank H, fluid storage tank F, working fluid storage tank 14, evaporator A, steam generator D, condenser C and/or Condenser B may be adiabatic.

In the above energy conversion method according to the embodiment of the present invention, the description of the circulation loop, the fluid such as brine and water, the working medium of the heat pump, and the pressure working medium of the pneumatic engine are consistent with the description in the above-mentioned energy conversion system. No longer.

The following further describes the present invention in combination with the specific application of the energy conversion system and method according to the embodiments of the present invention in the field of power generation.

The overall idea of this specific application is: at night, with the help of a heat pump, the night valley electricity uses ice water and hot water as the carrier to store heat (including sensible heat and latent heat) in the fluid storage tanks E and F until the valley electricity time End, this is the night energy storage mode. In the daytime, the power generation mode is adopted, that is, the cold and heat stored in the fluid storage tanks E and F are comprehensively utilized for power generation. The night energy storage mode and the day power generation mode alternately cycle.

1. Specific description of night energy storage mode

In people's usual thinking, waste heat is very common, and waste heat is not used in many cases. For example, take air conditioning refrigeration as an example. In summer, indoor cooling is required, but the outdoor unit of the air conditioner dissipates a lot of heat. This heat is regarded as waste heat and is discarded by people. However, there is no real "waste heat" in the present invention. Instead, the "waste heat" is stored in a large fluid storage tank F through a heat pump using water as a carrier to heat the pressure working fluid in the steam generator D during the day ( For example, liquid ammonia or Freon) generates high-pressure steam, which drives a pneumatic engine to turn waste into treasure. At this time, the heating energy efficiency ratio (COP) is 3.

From another point of view, take the air conditioner heating as an example. In winter, heating is required indoors. The outdoor unit of the air conditioner generates a large amount of cold energy, which is also discarded by people. However, there is no real "waste cold" in the present invention. Instead, the "waste cold" is stored in a large fluid storage tank E through a heat pump, using salt water as a carrier, and used to condense the exhaust steam of the pneumatic engine C during the day. At this time, the cold storage COP is 2.

In other words, people usually use only heat or cold, and do not use heat and cold at the same time, which is energy. The invention is characterized in that the two are used in synergy at the same time, and the energy efficiency ratio is high.

2. Description of daytime power generation mode

In traditional thermal power generation, the exhaust steam after the expansion of high temperature and high pressure steam needs to be condensed into liquid. At this time, the huge condensation heat is discharged. This heat is equivalent to the heat of vaporization (latent heat) of the same mass of water. The heat cannot be used, so the efficiency of the entire power generation system is greatly reduced, and the efficiency of the supercritical generator set does not exceed 45%. In the present invention, after the high-pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic engine (such as ammonia or freon gas) is expanded to perform work in the pneumatic engine, the exhaust steam is discharged into the condenser C. The difference is that the large amount of condensation heat generated is taken from the fluid storage. The ice water in tank E is absorbed and stored without loss, so that it can be absorbed and utilized in evaporator A at night. Therefore, the present invention saves and utilizes the condensation heat of the working fluid of the pneumatic engine. At the same time, the ice water from the fluid storage tank E is used to greatly reduce the exhaust pressure of the pneumatic machine, increase the pressure difference between the input end and the output end of the pneumatic machine, and increase the power of the pneumatic machine and increase the power generation.

In a specific exemplary implementation, when the heat pump I uses valley electricity to work at night, the working fluid (ie, refrigerant) in the shell side of the shell-and-tube evaporator A boils and evaporates, the temperature drops, and the generated cold energy is transferred to the tube side. At the same time, it absorbs the heat from the warm water 1, and the warm water 1 is made into -12°C ice water and stored in the fluid storage tank E. The refrigerant vapor in the evaporator A is discharged into the condenser B by the compressor of the heat pump I to be condensed into The liquid refrigerant releases heat at the same time and then returns to the evaporator A through the pipe 2 to complete a refrigeration cycle. The heat emitted by the condenser B during condensation is transferred to the low-temperature water 3 in the tube side of the condenser B, which raises its temperature to 75°C, and stores it in the fluid storage tank F for standby, thereby completing the night energy storage mode.

After 8 o'clock in the morning, the water pump 4 starts to work. The high-temperature water in the fluid storage tank F enters the steam generator D, and the liquid ammonia in the shell side is heated and pressurized to produce high-pressure ammonia steam, which enters the pneumatic engine J through the pipeline 5 to expand and perform work. , Drive the generator to generate electricity.

The exhaust steam generated in the pneumatic engine J enters the condenser G through the pipe 6 to condense and release heat. At the same time, it heats the low-temperature brine of -12°C from the fluid storage tank E. The brine is heated to 0-12°C and stored in the fluid. In the storage tank G, it is used at night, while reducing the exhaust pressure of the pneumatic engine J, increasing the pressure difference between the working fluid input end and the working fluid output end of the pneumatic engine, and increasing the power generation. At this time, the liquid ammonia in the condenser C is transported back to the steam generator D to complete a working cycle and realize the daytime power generation mode.

The distributed energy conversion system of the present invention can be used in the fields of wind and solar energy storage, valley electricity energy storage, thermal power generation and the like, which is not limited by the present invention.

In the energy conversion method and system described above in conjunction with Figures 1, 2, and 3, in order to further optimize its performance, for example, to compensate for any possible reasons (such as heat dissipation, mechanical wear, etc.) in the energy conversion method and system For the energy loss, a variation of the above-mentioned energy conversion method and system is also proposed. The following describes this variation of the above-mentioned energy conversion method and system with reference to FIGS. 1a and 3a. The difference between this variation and the above-mentioned energy conversion method and system lies in the use of an external heat source to heat the brine in the fluid storage tank G, and/or the use of external The heat source heats the water in the fluid storage tank F.

As shown in Figure 1a, due to the low temperature of the brine in the fluid storage tank G, the external heat source for heating the brine in the fluid storage tank G has a wide range of options, which can be industrial exhaust with waste heat, or It is ambient air whose temperature is higher than the temperature of the brine in the fluid storage tank G. When ambient air is used to heat the brine in the fluid storage tank G, a spray tower P can be added to the system, when needed (for example, when the temperature of the brine in the fluid storage tank G is lower than the preset temperature), The brine in the fluid storage tank G can be pumped from the upper inlet of the spray tower P into the spray tower P, and contact the air introduced from the lower inlet of the spray tower in the inner cavity of the spray tower, and the air flow acts on the induced draft fan From bottom to bottom, it reverses heat exchange with the falling water flow, and transfers the heat in the air to the sprayed salt water, so that the salt water is heated, and then returned to the fluid storage tank G for storage, thereby making the overall temperature of the salt water in the fluid storage tank G Appropriate rise.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 1a, alternatively, industrial waste heat can also be used to heat the water in the fluid storage tank F, and the specific heating form is not limited. This part of the heat introduced into the fluid storage tank F enters the steam generator D so that the liquid working medium of the starter J becomes high-pressure steam, and the heat in the exhaust steam discharged after the pneumatic engine is driven can also be added to the fluid storage tank G , Thereby maintaining the energy conservation of the overall heat exchange system.

Through the above two methods, the heat reserve in the heat exchange system is increased, the energy conservation of the system is maintained, and the power generation and power generation efficiency of the starter J are increased, so that the power conversion rate of the system can reach about 150%.

In the distributed energy conversion method and system of the foregoing embodiment, the working fluid of the heat pump and the working fluid of the pneumatic engine exchange heat indirectly, that is, by means of the first circulation loop and its medium, and the second circulation loop and its medium. hot. However, the inventor also found that in some application scenarios, the energy storage link may not be needed. Therefore, in the distributed energy storage method and distributed energy storage system described above in conjunction with Figures 1 to 3, the energy storage link can be Elimination, that is, the first circulation loop and/or the second circulation loop in the distributed energy conversion method and the distributed energy conversion system are removed, so that the working fluid of the heat pump and the working fluid of the pneumatic engine are directly exchanged for heat, and then another The energy conversion method and energy conversion system can realize the instantaneous amplification and output of the input energy. A detailed description will be given below with reference to Figs. 4 and 5, wherein the same reference numerals as in Figs. 1 and 2 denote components with the same functions as those in Figs. 1 and 2, which will not be described in detail below.

As shown in FIG. 4, a schematic diagram of an energy conversion system according to a modified embodiment of the present invention is shown. The energy conversion system may include a heat pump I, a pneumatic engine J, an evaporative condenser K, and an evaporative condenser L, where the heat pump I are respectively in fluid communication with the evaporative condenser K and the evaporative condenser L through pipelines, and the evaporative condenser K and the evaporative condenser L are in fluid communication through the pipeline 30, so that the working fluid of the heat pump I can pass through the evaporative condenser K, the pipeline 30 and the evaporative condenser L circulate flow; and the pneumatic machine J is in fluid communication with the evaporative condenser K and the evaporative condenser L through the pipeline, and the evaporative condenser K and the evaporative condenser L are also in fluid communication. The fluid communication through the pipeline 40 enables the pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine J to circulate through the evaporative condenser K, the pipeline 40 and the evaporative condenser L.

The working medium of the heat pump I is used to absorb heat from the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine J in the evaporative condenser K to condense the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine J to obtain a pressure working medium liquid, and the pressure working medium liquid It is transported as the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine J.

The heat pump I is used to compress the working fluid after absorbing heat to increase its temperature, so as to heat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine J in the evaporative condenser L to vaporize it into a pressure working fluid gas. The medium gas is used to actuate the pneumatic machine J and then output by the pneumatic machine J to become the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine J.

In the evaporative condenser L, the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine J is heated and the working fluid of the heat pump I after the temperature is reduced is used to transport to the evaporative condenser K to absorb heat from the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine J again , So that the working fluid of the heat pump I circulates to perform the above-mentioned heat absorption, temperature increase and temperature decrease process.

As an example, the working fluid of the heat pump I can flow through the tube side of the evaporative condenser K and from the pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine J flowing through the shell side of the evaporative condenser K to absorb heat and vaporize, and at the same time, it is vaporized. The output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic machine J flowing through the shell side of the condenser K is condensed due to heat release.

For example, the compressed working fluid of the heat pump I releases heat and condenses when it flows through the tube side of the evaporative condenser L, while the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine J is used to absorb hot gas in the shell side of the evaporative condenser L change.

The energy conversion system in the above-mentioned modified embodiment may further include a working fluid storage tank 14, which is located at a lower position than the evaporative condenser K and is in fluid communication with the evaporative condenser K through a valve 13. And it is in fluid communication with the evaporative condenser L through the valve 18.

The working mode of the working fluid storage tank 14 and related valves is the same as in the above-mentioned embodiment. For example, when the system is working, when the valve 13 is in the open state, the valve 18 is in the closed state, so that the evaporative condenser K and the working fluid storage tank 14 are connected, while maintaining the working fluid storage tank 14 and the evaporative condenser L The connection is disconnected, so that the pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation in the evaporative condenser K flows into the working fluid storage tank 14, so that the pressure working fluid liquid level in the working fluid storage tank 14 becomes higher and higher. When the pressure working fluid liquid level in the working fluid storage tank 14 is higher than the predetermined first threshold, the valve 13 becomes closed and the valve 18 becomes open, so that the working fluid storage tank 14 and the evaporative condenser K is disconnected and communicated with the evaporative condenser L, so that the pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation in the working fluid storage tank 14 can be returned to the evaporative condenser L.

On the contrary, when the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank 14 is lower than the predetermined second threshold, the valve 13 becomes open and the valve 18 becomes closed, so that the working fluid storage tank 14 is disconnected from the evaporative condenser L Connected and reconnected with the evaporative condenser K, so that the pressure working fluid liquid condensed in the evaporative condenser K can flow into the working fluid storage tank 14. Here, the predetermined second threshold is lower than the predetermined first threshold.

In order to further recover the energy in the system, the working fluid storage tank 14 can also be in fluid communication with the evaporative condenser K through a pipeline different from the pipeline in which the valve 13 is located. The different pipeline includes a series-connected valve 12 and Auxiliary pneumatic machine 11'; in addition, the working fluid storage tank 14 is also in fluid communication with the evaporative condenser L through a pipeline different from the pipeline where the valve 18 is located. The different pipeline includes a series-connected valve 16 and a storage tank. The gas tank 17 is connected between the evaporative condenser L and the valve 16 and is used to vaporize the pneumatic machine pressure of the pneumatic machine J from the evaporative condenser L and the pneumatic machine carried by it. The pressure working fluid is separated from each other and the vaporized pneumatic working fluid gas is temporarily stored when necessary. The gas storage tank 17 can also be replaced by other devices with a liquid-gas separation function. Those skilled in the art can also understand that necessary liquid-gas separation devices are also provided in the pipeline 5 as required so that the gasified pneumatic working fluid gas from the evaporative condenser L will be firstly combined with the gas from the evaporative condenser L. The working fluid of the pneumatic machine pressure is separated and then sent to the pneumatic machine J. It can be understood that a pipeline can also be drawn from the gas storage tank 17 to connect to the pressure working fluid inlet of the pneumatic engine J, instead of the pipeline 5, so that no additional liquid-gas separation device is required to share the gas storage tank 17 for liquid-gas separation.

When the system is running, when the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank 14 is higher than the predetermined first threshold, the valve 12 changes from an open state to a closed state and the valve 16 changes from a closed state to an open state; when the working fluid storage tank When the liquid level in 14 is lower than the predetermined second threshold, the valve 12 changes from a closed state to an open state, and the valve 16 changes from an open state to a closed state, thereby utilizing the difference between the interior of the working fluid storage tank 14 and the interior of the evaporative condenser K. The pressure difference between the two drives the auxiliary pneumatic machine 11', and after the pressure balances between the inside of the working fluid storage tank 14 and the inside of the evaporative condenser K, the valve 13 changes from a closed state to an open state.

In the above modified example, valve 13 and valve 18 are one-way valves, and valve 12 and valve 16 are electric valves.

As shown in FIG. 6, in the above-mentioned modification, the system may further include: an auxiliary heat pump 26, which is driven by an auxiliary pneumatic machine 11', so that the heat pump 26 extracts at least a part of the working fluid of the heat pump I from the evaporative condenser K and It is compressed to increase the temperature of the at least part of the working fluid, and then the at least part of the working fluid whose temperature has been increased and the working fluid compressed by the heat pump I and heated up are merged into the evaporative condenser L. The auxiliary air motor 11' is used to drive the auxiliary heat pump 26, which can make full use of the energy output by the auxiliary air motor 11', and the auxiliary heat pump 26 further reduces the evaporative type by extracting the working fluid of the heat pump I from the evaporative condenser K. The temperature of the working medium gas of the output pressure of the pneumatic machine J in the condenser K, and the working medium heated by the compression by the auxiliary heat pump 26 further increases the heat transferred to the evaporative condenser L, that is, through the auxiliary heat pump 26, The evaporative condenser K and the evaporative condenser L further increase the pressure difference between the pressure working medium gas input end and the pressure working medium gas output end of the pneumatic machine J, thereby further increasing the power of the pneumatic machine J.

In a further modification, the above-mentioned system may further include a liquid tank 27, as shown in FIG. 6, which shows a schematic diagram of an energy conversion system according to another modified embodiment of the present invention. Here, the working fluid storage tank 14 is a shell-and-tube type liquid storage tank that can exchange heat between two working fluids. The pressure working fluid and pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic machine J can be stored in the shell and tube type liquid Flow in the shell side of the tank. The working fluid output from the auxiliary heat pump 26 and/or the working fluid output from the heat pump 1 can be used to heat the liquid (for example, water) in the liquid tank 27, and the pressure working fluid in the shell-and-tube liquid tank is transported to Before the evaporative condenser L, the heated liquid from the liquid tank 27 is transported to the tube side of the shell-and-tube liquid storage tank for performing the pressure working fluid in the shell side of the shell-and-tube liquid storage tank. heating.

When the temperature of the pressure working fluid in the working fluid storage tank 14 differs greatly from the temperature of the pressure working fluid and/or gas in the evaporative condenser L, the pressure working fluid in the working fluid storage tank 14 When the liquid enters the evaporative condenser L, it will affect the pressure stability of the pressure working medium gas delivered from the evaporative condenser L to the pneumatic machine J, which may affect the output power stability of the pneumatic machine J. Therefore, the inventors further the above method to preheat the pressure working fluid in the working fluid storage tank 14, so as to reduce or prevent it from affecting the pressure in the evaporative condenser L when it enters the evaporative condenser L. Therefore, the input pressure of the pneumatic machine J is more stable.

More details of the above scheme are given below through examples. For example, when the working fluid storage tank 14 (in this example is a shell-and-tube storage tank, or other devices capable of exchanging heat between different media), the liquid level of the pneumatic working fluid (by, for example, When the liquid level gauge is higher than the predetermined high liquid level threshold 19, before the liquid storage tank 14 is connected to the evaporative condenser L, the pump 24 in fluid communication with the liquid tank 27 is triggered to start the hot liquid in the liquid tank 27 It is transported to the tube side of the liquid storage tank 14 to _{raise the temperature of the pneumatic working fluid (such as CO 2} liquid at 0°C) in the shell side of the liquid storage tank 14 (for example, the temperature is raised to 30°C, and the pressure reaches 72㎏/ cm ² ). After the pressure working medium liquid in the liquid storage tank 14 reaches a predetermined temperature or pressure (detected by the temperature or pressure sensor 25), the pump 24 is triggered to stop running, and the pressure working medium liquid in the liquid storage tank 14 is allowed to enter the evaporative condensation In the condenser L, the valve 16 and the valve 18 are opened at this time, the valve 12 and the valve 13 are closed, so that the liquid storage tank 14 is disconnected from the evaporative condenser K and connected with the evaporative condenser L. Then, the principle of gravity is used to store The pressure working fluid (ie, CO ₂ liquid) heated in the liquid tank 14 automatically falls into the evaporative condenser L, so that the temperature of the pressure working fluid in the storage tank 14 and the evaporative condenser L is similar or consistent Under the circumstance, it is beneficial to maintain the steam pressure output in the evaporative condenser L to be stable with small fluctuations, so as to stabilize the rotation speed of the pneumatic engine and stabilize the output voltage and current of the generator driven by it. As the liquid level of the pneumatic working fluid in the liquid storage tank 14 drops and drops below the predetermined low liquid level threshold of 20, the

valves

16 and 18 are closed. At this time, the pressure in the liquid storage tank 14 and the evaporative type The pressure in the condenser L is the same, that is, is much higher than the pressure in the evaporative condenser K, so the valve 12 is opened at this time, and the remaining pressure working medium gas (such as high-pressure CO ₂ gas) in the liquid storage tank 14 will be Enter the auxiliary pneumatic machine 11' to drive its operation, and further drive the auxiliary heat pump 26 to work, extract the heat pump working fluid gas in the tube pass of the evaporative condenser K, and make the pressure of the pneumatic machine J in the shell pass of the evaporative condenser K The working fluid is further refrigerated.

According to another modification of the present invention, there is also provided an energy conversion method. As shown in FIG. 5, the method may include:

Use the working fluid of the heat pump I to absorb heat from the output pressure working gas of the pneumatic machine J to condense the output pressure working gas of the pneumatic machine J to obtain a pressure working fluid, and transfer the pressure working fluid as the input pressure of the pneumatic machine J Working fluid; here, the working fluid of the heat pump I absorbs heat from the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic machine J. When it is realized, the two working fluids can directly exchange heat in the heat exchange device, or it can also be indirectly, that is The working fluid of the heat pump I absorbs heat from other media through the heat exchange device, and the other medium absorbs heat from the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine J through another heat exchange device, which is not specifically limited in the present invention.

The heat pump I is used to compress the working fluid after absorbing heat to raise the temperature of the working fluid so as to heat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine J to vaporize it into a pressure working fluid gas, and the pressure working fluid gas is used to actuate the pneumatic engine J is then output by the pneumatic machine J as the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine J; here, similarly, the working medium heated by the heat pump I heats the input pressure working medium of the pneumatic machine J when it is realized. The working fluid exchanges heat directly in the heat exchange device, or indirectly, that is, the working fluid heated by the heat pump I heats other media through the heat exchange device, and the other media heats the pneumatic motor J through another heat exchange device. The input pressure working fluid is not specifically limited in the present invention.

The working medium of the heat pump I after heating and cooling the input pressure working medium is transported for re-absorbing heat from the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine J, so that the working medium of the heat pump I circulates the heat absorption, heating and heating. Cooling process.

In the above method, it can be seen that the working fluid of the heat pump I cyclically performs the processes of heat absorption, heating and cooling, while the pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine J cyclically performs exothermic condensation, endothermic gasification, and work cooling. process.

As shown in FIG. 4, the working medium of the heat pump I can be used in the evaporative condenser K to absorb heat from the working medium gas of the output pressure of the pneumatic machine J to condense the working medium gas of the output pressure of the pneumatic machine J. The working fluid of the heat pump I can flow through the tube side of the evaporative condenser K to absorb heat and gasify, and the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine J can flow into the shell side of the evaporative condenser K to release heat and condense. Similarly, after the working medium of the heat pump I heats up, the working medium used to heat the input pressure of the pneumatic engine J can be performed in the evaporative condenser L. The compressed working fluid of the heat pump I can flow through the tube side of the evaporative condenser L to release heat and condense, while the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine J absorbs heat in the shell side of the evaporative condenser L and vaporizes. Of course, here, the medium flowing in the tube side and the shell side of the evaporative condenser K can also be interchanged, as long as the two can exchange heat as described above, and the present invention does not limit this.

The manner in which the pressure working fluid is transported as the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine J is the same as the manner described above with reference to FIGS. 1-3, and will be briefly described below.

Before the pressure working fluid is transported as the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine J, the energy conversion method may further include:

Make the evaporative condenser K communicate with the working fluid storage tank 14, while keeping the working fluid storage tank 14 disconnected from the evaporative condenser L, so that the pressure working fluid liquid condensed in the evaporative condenser K flows into the working fluid In the liquid storage tank 14, and,

When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank 14 is higher than the predetermined first threshold, the working fluid storage tank 14 is disconnected from the evaporative condenser K and communicated with the evaporative condenser L, so that the working fluid can be The pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation in the liquid storage tank 14 is returned to the second evaporative condenser L.

When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank 14 is lower than the predetermined second threshold, the working fluid storage tank 14 is disconnected from the evaporative condenser L and reconnected with the evaporative condenser K, so that the evaporative condenser The pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation in the vessel K can flow into the working fluid storage tank 14, wherein the predetermined second threshold is lower than the predetermined first threshold.

In order to further reuse the energy in the system, the energy conversion method may further include: when the working fluid storage tank 14 and the evaporative condenser K are reconnected, using the difference between the inside of the working fluid storage tank 14 and the inside of the evaporative condenser K The pressure difference between drives the auxiliary pneumatic machine 11'.

In order to further recover the waste heat in the power generation process of the pneumatic motor, in the energy conversion system and the energy conversion method according to the above two variants, the pneumatic motor (J) is connected to the generator for driving the generator, and the heat pump (I) , At least a part of the cooled working fluid output from the evaporative condenser L is used to cool the generator connected to the pneumatic machine J, and is transported back to the evaporative condenser K after the cooling, so that the motor can be The heat generated by operation is reused.

In this method, the auxiliary heat pump 26 can also be introduced as in the system described in conjunction with FIG. 6 to further provide the pressure difference between the working fluid input end and the working fluid output end of the pneumatic engine J, and to improve the pressure in the liquid storage tank 14 Pneumatic machine pressure working fluid is preheated. This will be briefly described below in conjunction with FIG. 6.

As shown in FIG. 6, the method may also include an auxiliary heat pump 26, which is driven by an auxiliary pneumatic machine 11', so that the heat pump 26 extracts at least a part of the working fluid of the heat pump I from the evaporative condenser K and compresses it to The temperature of the at least part of the working fluid is increased, and then the at least part of the working fluid whose temperature has been increased and the working fluid compressed by the heat pump I and heated up are merged into the evaporative condenser L.

In a further variant, the above method may also include a liquid tank 27, as shown in FIG. 6. Here, the working fluid storage tank 14 is a shell-and-tube type liquid storage tank that can exchange heat between two working fluids. The pressure working fluid and pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic machine J can be stored in the shell and tube type liquid Flow in the shell side of the tank. The working fluid output from the auxiliary heat pump 26 and/or the working fluid output from the heat pump 1 can be used to heat the liquid in the liquid tank 27, and the pressure working medium liquid in the shell-and-tube liquid storage tank is transported to the evaporative condenser Before L, the heated liquid from the liquid tank 27 is transported to the tube side of the shell-and-tube liquid storage tank for heating the pressure working fluid in the shell side of the shell-and-tube liquid storage tank.

Specifically, when the liquid level of the pneumatic pressure working medium in the working medium storage tank 14 is higher than the predetermined high liquid level threshold 19, before the liquid storage tank 14 is connected to the evaporative condenser L, the contact with the liquid tank 27 is triggered. The fluidly connected pump 24 is activated to transport the hot liquid in the liquid tank 27 to the tube side of the liquid storage tank 14 for transferring the pneumatic pressure working fluid in the shell side of the liquid storage tank 14 (for example, CO _{2 at 0°C).} Liquid) is heated (for example, the temperature is raised to 30°C, and the pressure reaches 72 ㎏/cm ² ). After the pressure working medium liquid in the liquid storage tank 14 reaches a predetermined temperature or pressure (detected by the temperature or pressure sensor 25), the pump 24 is triggered to stop running, and the pressure working medium liquid in the liquid storage tank 14 is allowed to enter the evaporative condensation In the condenser L, the valve 16 and the valve 18 are opened at this time, the valve 12 and the valve 13 are closed, so that the liquid storage tank 14 is disconnected from the evaporative condenser K and connected with the evaporative condenser L. Then, the principle of gravity is used to store The pressure working fluid (ie, CO ₂ liquid) heated in the liquid tank 14 automatically falls into the evaporative condenser L, so that the temperature of the pressure working fluid in the storage tank 14 and the evaporative condenser L is similar or consistent Under the circumstance, it is beneficial to maintain the steam pressure output in the evaporative condenser L to be stable with small fluctuations, so as to stabilize the rotation speed of the pneumatic engine and stabilize the output voltage and current of the generator driven by it. As the liquid level of the pneumatic working fluid in the liquid storage tank 14 drops and drops below the predetermined low liquid level threshold of 20, the

valves

In the energy conversion system and the energy conversion method according to the above two modifications, the evaporative condenser K, the evaporative condenser L, and/or the working fluid storage tank 14 may be insulated. Of course, whether the various components and pipelines in the entire system are insulated can be determined according to needs. In addition, the working medium of the heat pump I may be ammonia NH ₃ , and the pressure working medium of the pneumatic engine J may be carbon dioxide CO ₂ .

In the energy conversion system and energy conversion method according to the above two variants, as an example, it can be set: at the working fluid inlet of the heat pump I, the temperature and pressure of ammonia are respectively: 0°C and 3.38 kg/cm ² ; And/or, at the working fluid outlet of heat pump I, the temperature and pressure of ammonia are respectively: 40°C and 14.8kg/cm ² ; and/or, at the pressure working fluid inlet of pneumatic engine J, the temperature and _{pressure of CO 2} The pressure is: 40°C and 96kg/cm ² ; and/or, at the pressure working fluid outlet of the pneumatic machine J, _{the temperature and pressure of CO 2} are: 0°C and 35 kg/cm ² . The above are only examples. Those skilled in the art can adjust the temperature and pressure of the working fluid at each position according to various parameters of the components in the system, for example, according to the energy efficiency ratio of heat pump I (including cooling energy efficiency ratio and heating energy efficiency ratio), heat pump The working fluid of I, the energy efficiency ratio of the pneumatic machine J, the pressure working medium of the pneumatic machine J, the heat exchange efficiency of the steam condenser, etc. are adjusted, so that the energy conversion system can achieve a balanced and long-lasting operation as a whole. Under the above working fluid temperature and pressure, for example, the energy efficiency ratio of the heat pump I can be 5.76, the heating energy efficiency ratio is 3.36 and the cooling energy efficiency ratio is 2.4.

For example, when the grid power is input and the compressor of the heat pump I is driven to operate, the liquid ammonia in the tube side of the evaporative condenser K is extracted and gasified, so that the cooling energy efficiency ratio is 2.4, and the cooling capacity generated at the same time makes the evaporative _{The CO 2} gas in the shell side of the condenser K condenses and absorbs the _{heat of CO 2} condensation at the same time, so that the overall temperature of the evaporative condenser K is maintained in a stable range to achieve equilibrium heat absorption (NH ₃ ) and equilibrium heat release (CO ₂ ) Run forever.

While the compressor of the heat pump I is cooling, the ammonia compressed by the compressor enters the tube side of the evaporative condenser L to condense and release heat, achieving a heating energy efficiency ratio of 3.36, and this heat heats the shell side of the evaporative condenser L _{The CO 2} liquid in the medium makes the ammonia liquefaction and CO ₂ gasification and expansion proceed simultaneously, and the high-pressure CO ₂ gas is obtained to enter the pneumatic engine J to expand and perform work, which drives the generator connected to the pneumatic engine J to generate electricity. If the overall efficiency of pneumatic power generation is calculated at 35%, an energy efficiency ratio of (3.36+2.4)*35%=2 will be obtained, which can greatly improve the power generation efficiency of the entire system compared with the existing technology.

Similarly, in the energy conversion method and system described above in conjunction with Figures 4, 5, and 6, in order to further optimize its performance, for example, to compensate for any possible reasons (such as heat dissipation, mechanical wear and tear) in the energy conversion method and system. Etc.) caused by energy loss, also proposed the above-mentioned energy conversion method and system variants. The following describes this variation of the above-mentioned energy conversion method and system with reference to FIGS. 4a and 5a. The difference between this variation and the energy conversion method and system described in connection with FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 is that heat is delivered to the input pressure working medium After cooling, at least a part of the working fluid of the heat pump I is heated by an external heat source, and then is reused to heat the working fluid of the input pressure of the pneumatic engine J.

As shown in Figure 4a, the energy conversion system in this modification also includes a reheater Z, which is in fluid communication with the evaporative condenser L through at least two pipelines, so that the working fluid of the heat pump I after cooling At least a part is input from the evaporative condenser L into the reheater Z through one of the at least two pipelines so as to be heated by the external heat source flowing through the reheater Z, and then passes through the at least two pipelines The other pipeline returns to the evaporative condenser L and is reused to heat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine J. The external heat source here can be any heat source that can provide heat to the working fluid of the heat pump 1, such as various industrial waste heat.

It can be seen from the above variants that the present energy conversion system and method have the following advantages:

1. By directly exchanging heat between the closed loop system of the working fluid of the heat pump and the closed loop system of the pneumatic engine, the heat and cold generated in the system are comprehensively utilized to maintain the temperature balance between the evaporative condenser K and L, By increasing the inlet pressure of the pneumatic engine and reducing the outlet pressure of the pneumatic engine, the pressure difference between the working fluid inlet and the working fluid outlet of the pneumatic engine is increased, so that the power of the pneumatic engine is enhanced and the power generation efficiency is increased.

2. All equipment, pipelines, and valves of the entire system can be insulated and kept, regardless of the outside temperature, which will not affect the operation of the system.

3. There are very few electrical equipment in this system, except for the two electric valves 12 and 16 (for example, solenoid valves), there can be almost no other electrical equipment. Compared with the self-use electricity in thermal power plants, the proportion of electricity is 10-12%. Significantly save energy.

4. The auxiliary heat pump 26 is used to further increase the pressure difference between the working fluid input end and the working fluid output end of the pneumatic machine J.

5. Pre-heating the working fluid of the pneumatic machine pressure in the liquid storage tank 14 is conducive to the stable output power of the pneumatic machine J.

A lot of specific details are described in this specification. However, it can be understood that the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and technologies are not shown in detail to avoid ambiguity in the understanding of this specification.

Those skilled in the art can understand that it is possible to adaptively change the modules in the device in the embodiment and set them in one or more devices different from the embodiment. Several modules in the embodiments can be combined into one module or unit or component, and in addition, they can be divided into multiple modules or units or components. Except that at least some of such features and/or processes or modules are mutually exclusive, any combination can be used to apply any combination to all features disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) and any method or methods disclosed in this manner or All the processes or units of the equipment are combined. Unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by an alternative feature providing the same, equivalent or similar purpose.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

A method of energy conversion, including:

The working medium of the first heat pump (I) is used to absorb the heat of the output pressure working medium gas from the pneumatic machine (J) to condense the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine (J) to obtain the pressure working medium liquid, and the The pressure working fluid is transported as the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine (J);

The first heat pump (I) is used to compress the working fluid after absorbing heat to increase its temperature so as to be able to transfer heat to the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine (J) to heat and vaporize it into a pressure working fluid gas. The pressure working medium gas is used to actuate the pneumatic machine (J) and then output by the pneumatic machine (J) as the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine (J);

The working medium of the first heat pump (I) after the heat is transferred to the input pressure working medium and the temperature is reduced is conveyed for re-absorbing heat from the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic engine (J), so that the first heat pump (J) The working fluid of a heat pump (I) circulates the heat absorption, heating and cooling,

The method is characterized in that, the method further comprises: transferring heat to the input pressure working medium, and at least a part of the working medium of the first heat pump (I) after the temperature is lowered is heated by an external heat source, and then reused for heating The input pressure of the pneumatic machine (J) is heated.
The method of claim 1, wherein:

The use of the working medium of the first heat pump (I) to absorb heat from the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine (J) to condense the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine (J) is performed in the first evaporative condensation Preferably, the working fluid of the first heat pump (I) flows through the tube side of the first evaporative condenser (K) to absorb heat and vaporize, and the pneumatic engine (J) The output pressure of the working fluid gas flows into the shell side of the first evaporative condenser (K) to release heat and condense; and/or,

After the temperature of the working medium of the first heat pump (I) is heated, the heat is transferred to the input pressure working medium of the pneumatic machine (J) to heat it in the second evaporative condenser (L), preferably, The compressed working fluid of the first heat pump (I) flows through the tube side of the second evaporative condenser (L) to release heat and condense, and the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine (J) is at The second evaporative condenser (L) absorbs heat and vaporizes in the shell side, and

The at least a part of the working fluid of the first heat pump (I) is sent to the reheater (Z) to absorb heat from the external heat source input to the reheater to be gasified.
The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, before transferring the pressure working fluid as the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine (J), the method further comprises:

Make the first evaporative condenser (K) communicate with the working fluid storage tank (14), while keeping the working fluid storage tank (14) disconnected from the second evaporative condenser (L) , So that the pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation in the first evaporative condenser (K) flows into the working fluid storage tank (14), and,

When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank (14) is higher than a predetermined first threshold, disconnecting the working fluid storage tank (14) from the first evaporative condenser (K), And it is connected to the second evaporative condenser (L), so that the pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation in the working fluid storage tank (14) can be returned to the second evaporative condenser (L) .
The method according to claim 3, further comprising:

When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank (14) is lower than a predetermined second threshold, the working fluid storage tank (14) is disconnected from the second evaporative condenser (L) and Reconnect with the first evaporative condenser (K), so that the pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation in the first evaporative condenser (K) can flow into the working fluid storage tank (14), wherein The predetermined second threshold is lower than the predetermined first threshold.
The method according to claim 4, further comprising: using the working fluid storage tank (14) when the working fluid storage tank (14) is re-connected with the first evaporative condenser (K) The pressure difference between the inside and the inside of the first evaporative condenser (K) drives the auxiliary pneumatic machine (11').
The method of claim 5, wherein:

Use the auxiliary pneumatic machine (11') to drive the second heat pump (26), so that the second heat pump (26) extracts at least a part of the working fluid of the first heat pump (I) from the first evaporative condenser (K) and Compress to increase the temperature of the at least a part of the working fluid, and then combine the at least part of the working fluid with the increased temperature and the working fluid compressed by the first heat pump (1) to flow into the second evaporative condenser ( L);

Preferably, the working fluid storage tank (14) is a shell-and-tube type fluid storage tank, and the pressure working fluid liquid and pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic machine (J) are in the shell side of the shell-and-tube fluid storage tank. Using the working fluid output from the second heat pump (26) and/or the working fluid output from the first heat pump (I) to heat the liquid in the liquid tank (27), and in the tube shell Before the pressure working medium liquid in the liquid storage tank is transported to the second evaporative condenser (L), the heated liquid from the liquid tank (27) is transported to the tube side of the shell-and-tube liquid storage tank Heating the pressure working fluid in the shell side of the shell-and-tube liquid storage tank.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first evaporative condenser (K), the second evaporative condenser (L) and/or the working fluid storage tank ( 14) Is adiabatic.
The method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein:

The working fluid of the heat pump (I) is ammonia NH 3 , and the pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine (J) is carbon dioxide CO 2 .
An energy conversion system, including a heat pump (I), a pneumatic engine (J), a first evaporative condenser (K) and a second evaporative condenser (L),

The heat pump (I) is in fluid communication with the first evaporative condenser (K) and the second evaporative condenser (L) through pipelines, and the first evaporative condenser (K) and the second evaporative condenser (L) ) Is fluidly connected through the first pipeline, so that the working fluid of the heat pump (I) can circulate through the first evaporative condenser (K), the first pipeline, and the second evaporative condenser (L); and, the pneumatic machine (J) are respectively in fluid communication with the first evaporative condenser (K) and the second evaporative condenser (L) through pipelines, and the first evaporative condenser (K) and the second evaporative condenser (L) are also in fluid communication. Through the fluid communication of the second pipeline, the pressure working medium of the pneumatic machine (J) can circulate through the first evaporative condenser (K), the second pipeline and the second evaporative condenser (L),

Among them, the working fluid of the heat pump (I) is used to absorb heat from the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic machine (J) in the first evaporative condenser (K) to transfer the output pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine (J) The gas is condensed to obtain a pressure working fluid, and the pressure working fluid is transported as the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine (J);

The heat pump (I) is used to compress the working fluid after absorbing heat to raise the temperature of the working fluid so as to perform the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine (J) in the second evaporative condenser (L). It is heated to vaporize into a pressure working medium gas, the pressure working medium gas is used to actuate the pneumatic machine (J) and then output by the pneumatic machine (J) as the output pressure working medium of the pneumatic machine (J) gas;

The working fluid of the heat pump (I) after heating the input pressure working fluid in the second evaporative condenser (L) and cooling down is used to transport the working fluid to the first evaporative condenser (K) again from The output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic machine (J) absorbs heat, so that the working fluid of the heat pump (I) cyclically performs the heat absorption, heating and cooling,

The system is characterized in that, the system further includes a reheater (Z), and the reheater (Z) is in fluid communication with the second evaporative condenser (L) through at least two pipelines, so that after the cooling At least a part of the working fluid of the heat pump (I) is input into the reheater (Z) through one of the at least two pipelines so as to flow through the outside of the reheater (Z) The heat source is heated and then returned to the second evaporative condenser (L) through the other of the at least two pipelines to be reused to heat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine (J).
The system according to claim 9, wherein:

The at least a part of the working fluid of the heat pump (I) after the cooling is heated and gasified in the reheater (Z);

The working medium of the heat pump (I) is used to flow through the tube side of the first evaporative condenser (K) to absorb heat and gasify, and the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic engine (J) is used for Flows into the shell side of the first evaporative condenser (K) to exothermic and condense; and/or,

The compressed working fluid of the heat pump (I) is used to flow through the tube side of the second evaporative condenser (L) to release heat and condense, and the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine (J) is used It absorbs heat and vaporizes in the shell side of the second evaporative condenser (L).
The system according to claim 9 or 10, further comprising a working fluid storage tank (14), which is located at a lower position than the first evaporative condenser (K) and passes through the first valve (13) and The first evaporative condenser (K) is in fluid communication, and is in fluid communication with the second evaporative condenser (L) through a second valve (18),

Wherein, when the first valve (13) is in the open state, the second valve (18) is in the closed state, so that the first evaporative condenser (K) is in communication with the working fluid storage tank (14) while maintaining all The working fluid storage tank (14) is disconnected from the second evaporative condenser (L), so that the pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation in the first evaporative condenser (K) flows into the Working fluid storage tank (14), and,

When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank (14) is higher than the predetermined first threshold, the first valve (13) becomes closed and the second valve (18) becomes open, so that The working fluid storage tank (14) is disconnected from the first evaporative condenser (K) and communicated with the second evaporative condenser (L), so as to enable the working fluid storage The pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation in the tank (14) is returned to the second evaporative condenser (L).
The system according to claim 11, wherein:

When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank (14) is lower than the predetermined second threshold value, the first valve (13) becomes an open state and the second valve (18) becomes a closed state, so that The working fluid storage tank (14) is disconnected from the second evaporative condenser (L) and reconnected with the first evaporative condenser (K), so that the first evaporative condenser The pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation in (K) can flow into the working fluid storage tank (14), wherein the predetermined second threshold is lower than the predetermined first threshold.
The system according to claim 12, wherein:

The working fluid storage tank (14) is also in fluid communication with the first evaporative condenser (K) through a third pipeline that is different from the pipeline where the first valve (13) is located. The pipeline contains a third valve (12) and an auxiliary pneumatic machine (11') connected in series,

The working fluid storage tank (14) is also in fluid communication with the second evaporative condenser (L) through a fourth pipeline that is different from the pipeline where the second valve (18) is located. The pipeline includes a fourth valve (16) and a gas storage tank (17) connected in series, and the gas storage tank (17) is connected to the second evaporative condenser (L) and the fourth valve (16). ) And used to store the vaporized pressure working fluid gas,

When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank (14) is higher than the predetermined first threshold, the third valve (12) changes from an open state to a closed state, and the fourth valve (16) changes from an open state to a closed state. The closed state changes to the open state; when the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank (14) is lower than the predetermined second threshold, the third valve (12) changes from the closed state to the open state and the The fourth valve (16) changes from an open state to a closed state, so that the pressure difference between the inside of the working fluid storage tank (14) and the inside of the first evaporative condenser (K) is used to drive the auxiliary pneumatic engine ( 11'), and after the pressure balances between the inside of the working fluid storage tank (14) and the inside of the first evaporative condenser (K), the first valve (13) changes from a closed state to an open state state.
The system according to claim 13, wherein the first valve (13) and the second valve (18) are one-way valves, and the third valve (12) and the fourth valve (16) are electric valves.
The system according to claim 13, further comprising:

The second heat pump (26) is driven by the auxiliary pneumatic machine (11'), so that the second heat pump (26) extracts at least a part of the working fluid of the first heat pump (I) from the first evaporative condenser (K) and Compress it to increase the temperature of the at least a part of the working fluid, and then combine the at least part of the working fluid whose temperature has been increased with the working fluid compressed by the first heat pump (I) to flow into the second evaporative condensation器(L);

Preferably, the system further includes a liquid tank (27), and the working fluid storage tank (14) is a shell-and-tube type liquid storage tank, and the pressure working medium liquid and pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine (J) It flows in the shell side of the shell-and-tube liquid storage tank; the working fluid output from the second heat pump (26) and/or the working fluid output from the first heat pump (1) is used to heat the liquid tank ( 27), and before the pressure working fluid in the shell-and-tube liquid storage tank is transported to the second evaporative condenser (L), the heated liquid from the liquid tank (27) is transported To the tube side of the shell-and-tube liquid storage tank is used to heat the pressure working fluid in the shell side of the shell-and-tube liquid storage tank.
The system according to any one of claims 9-15, wherein the first evaporative condenser (K), the second evaporative condenser (L) and/or the working fluid storage tank ( 14) Is adiabatic.
The system according to any one of claims 9-16, wherein:

The working fluid of the heat pump (I) is ammonia NH 3 , and the pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine (J) is carbon dioxide CO 2 .
A distributed energy conversion method includes:

Using the working fluid of the heat pump (I) to absorb heat from the first fluid circulating in the first circulation loop to cool the first fluid;

Use a heat pump (I) to compress the working fluid after absorbing heat to further increase the temperature of the working fluid, for heating the second fluid circulating in the second circulation loop;

The heated second fluid is used to heat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine (J) to vaporize it into a pressure working fluid gas for actuating the pneumatic machine (J) and heating the input pressure working fluid The cooled second fluid is reheated by the working fluid of the heat pump (I) to reheat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine (J), so that the second fluid is cyclically heated and cooled;

The refrigerated first fluid is used to condense the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic machine (J), and the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic machine (J) is condensed, and the heated first fluid is used by the heat pump (I The working fluid of) absorbs heat again and is refrigerated to re-condensate the working fluid gas at the output pressure of the pneumatic machine (J), so that the first fluid is cyclically cooled and heated,

The method is characterized in that the method further comprises: using an external heat source to heat at least a part of the second fluid heated by the working fluid of the heat pump (I), and/or to adjust the output pressure of the pneumatic machine (J) The first fluid heated by the condensation of the working fluid gas is heated by an external heat source before being re-absorbed by the working fluid of the heat pump (I).
The method of claim 18, wherein:

Using the working fluid of the heat pump (I) to absorb heat from the first fluid circulating in the first circulation circuit to cool the first fluid includes: using the working fluid of the heat pump (I) from the first fluid storage tank (G) The first fluid absorbs heat to cool the first fluid, and the refrigerated first fluid is transported to the second fluid storage tank (E);

Using a heat pump (I) to compress the working fluid after absorbing heat to further increase the temperature of the working fluid, and for heating the second fluid circulating in the second circulation loop includes: the heat pump (I) absorbs it The heated working fluid is compressed to further increase the temperature of the working fluid for heating the second fluid from the third fluid storage tank (H), and the heated second fluid is transported to the fourth fluid storage tank ( F); said using an external heat source to heat the second fluid heated by the working fluid of the heat pump (I) includes: using an external heat source to heat the second fluid in the fourth fluid storage tank (F) heating;

Delivering the heated second fluid for heating the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine (J) to vaporize it into a pressure working fluid gas for actuating the pneumatic machine (J) includes: from the fourth fluid reservoir The heated second fluid in the tank (F) is transported to heat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine (J) to vaporize it into a pressure working fluid gas for actuating the pneumatic machine (J), And the second fluid heated to the input pressure working medium is transported back to the third fluid storage tank (H);

Transporting the refrigerated first fluid for condensing the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine (J) includes: the refrigerated first fluid from the second fluid storage tank (E) is transported for condensing The output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine (J) is condensed, and then returned to the first fluid storage tank (G); the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine (J) is condensed and heated up. The first fluid is heated by an external heat source before being re-absorbed by the working fluid of the heat pump (I), including: the first fluid in the first fluid storage tank (G) is fed from the upper inlet of the spray tower (P) It is sent into the spray tower (P) and sprayed down, and exchanges heat by contact with the air sent from the lower inlet of the spray tower (P), wherein the temperature of the air is higher than that of the first fluid being sprayed temperature.
The method of claim 19, wherein:

The refrigerated first fluid from the second fluid storage tank (E) is transported for condensing the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic engine (J), including: making the first fluid from the second fluid storage tank (E) condense The refrigerated first fluid in the two-fluid storage tank (E) flows through the first condenser (C), so as to control the output of the pneumatic machine (J) flowing into the first condenser (C) The pressure working fluid gas is condensed to obtain a pressure working fluid liquid, and the pressure working fluid liquid is returned to the steam generator (D) as the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine (J);

Wherein, the heated second fluid from the fourth fluid storage tank (F) is used to treat the pneumatic engine in the steam generator (D) when flowing through the steam generator (D). The input pressure working fluid of (J) is heated to vaporize into the pressure working fluid gas to activate the pneumatic engine (J).
The method according to claim 19 or 20, wherein:

The use of the working fluid of the heat pump (I) to absorb heat from the first fluid from the first fluid storage tank (G) to cool the first fluid includes: flowing the working fluid of the heat pump (I) through The evaporator (A) absorbs heat from the first fluid from the first fluid storage tank (G) flowing into the evaporator (A) and evaporates, thereby cooling the first fluid;

Wherein, the compressed working fluid of the heat pump (I) flows into the second condenser (B) against the second fluid flowing into the second condenser (B) from the third fluid storage tank (H) It is heated and condensed, and then transported and returned to the evaporator (A).
The method according to claim 20 or 21, before the condensed pressure working fluid liquid is returned to the steam generator (D) as the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine (J), the method further comprises:

Make the first condenser (C) communicate with the working fluid storage tank (14), while keeping the working fluid storage tank (14) disconnected from the steam generator (D), so that the condensed product The pressure working fluid flows into the working fluid storage tank (14), and,

When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank (14) is higher than a predetermined first threshold, the working fluid storage tank (14) is disconnected from the first condenser (C) and connected to The steam generator (D) is connected, so that the pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation in the working fluid storage tank (14) can be returned to the steam generator (D).
The method of claim 22, further comprising:

When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank (14) is lower than the predetermined second threshold, the working fluid storage tank (14) is disconnected from the steam generator (D) and connected with the The first condenser (C) is reconnected so that the pressure working fluid obtained by condensation can flow into the working fluid storage tank (14), wherein the predetermined second threshold is lower than the predetermined first threshold.
The method according to claim 23, further comprising: when the working fluid storage tank (14) is reconnected with the first condenser (C), using the inside of the working fluid storage tank (14) and The pressure difference between the inside of the first condenser (C) drives the pneumatic generator (11) to generate electricity, and the generated electricity is preferably used for auxiliary heating of the second fluid in the fourth fluid storage tank (F) .
The method according to any one of claims 19-24, wherein:

The heat pump (I) includes an electric motor and a compressor driven by the electric motor, and the method further includes: using at least a part of the second fluid from the third fluid storage tank (H) for water cooling of the electric motor , And transported back to the fourth fluid storage tank (F) after the water is cooled;

and / or,

The pneumatic machine (J) is connected with a generator to drive the generator, and the method further includes: using at least a part of the second fluid from the third fluid storage tank (H) to water-cool the generator, And after the water is cooled, it is transported back to the fourth fluid storage tank (F).
The method according to any one of claims 19-25, wherein the first fluid storage tank (G), the second fluid storage tank (E), the third fluid storage tank (H), the The fourth fluid storage tank (F), the working fluid storage tank (14), the evaporator (A), the steam generator (D), the first condenser (C) and/or the second condenser (B) ) Is adiabatic.
The method according to any one of claims 18-26, wherein:

The first fluid is salt water, and the temperature of the first fluid after condensing the output pressure of the pneumatic machine (J) and raising the temperature of the first fluid is preferably 0°C to 20°C, more preferably 0°C to 12°C, more preferably The temperature of the first fluid cooled by the working fluid of the heat pump (I) is preferably -20°C to 0°C, more preferably -12°C to 0°C, more preferably -12°C; and/ or,

The second fluid is water, and the temperature of the second fluid after heating and cooling the input pressure working fluid is preferably 30°C to 50°C, more preferably 35°C to 45°C, more preferably 40°C; The temperature of the second fluid after the heating of the working fluid of I) is preferably 90°C to 60°C, more preferably 80°C to 65°C, more preferably 75°C; and/or,

The working fluid of the heat pump (I) is CO 2 , and the pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine (J) is ammonia.
A distributed energy conversion system includes: a heat pump (I), a pneumatic engine (J), a first circulation loop for a first fluid to circulate therein, and a second fluid to circulate therein Two circulation loop, in which,

The heat pump (I) is used to use its working fluid to absorb heat from the first fluid to cool the first fluid, and to compress the working fluid after absorbing heat to further increase the temperature of the working fluid, and to use its working fluid Heating the second fluid;

The heated second fluid is used to heat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine (J) to vaporize it into a pressure working fluid gas for actuating the pneumatic machine (J), and heat the input pressure working fluid. The cooled second fluid is reheated by the working fluid of the heat pump (I) to reheat the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine (J), so that the second fluid is cyclically heated and cooled;

The refrigerated first fluid is used to condense the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine (J), and condense the output pressure working medium gas of the pneumatic machine (J), and the heated first fluid is used by the heat pump (I) The working fluid absorbs heat again and is refrigerated to re-condensate the output pressure working fluid gas of the pneumatic machine (J), so that the first fluid is cyclically cooled and heated,

It is characterized in that, at least a part of the second fluid heated by the working medium of the heat pump (I) is also heated by an external heat source, and/or the working medium gas of the output pressure of the pneumatic engine (J) is condensed to heat up The latter first fluid is heated by an external heat source before being re-absorbed by the working fluid of the heat pump (I).
The system according to claim 28, further comprising: a first fluid storage tank (G), a second fluid storage tank (E), a third fluid storage tank (H), and a fourth fluid storage tank (F), wherein the first fluid storage tank (G), the second fluid storage tank (E), and the fourth fluid storage tank (F) A fluid storage tank (G) and a second fluid storage tank (E) are located in the first circulation loop for storing the first fluid, and the third fluid storage tank (H) and the fourth fluid storage tank (F) are located in the second circulation loop The circuit is used to store the second fluid, and among them:

The first fluid storage tank (G) is used to store the first fluid that is heated by condensing the output pressure of the pneumatic machine (J), and the heat pump (I) is used to use its working fluid from the first The first fluid in the fluid storage tank (G) absorbs heat to cool the first fluid, and the second fluid storage tank (E) is used to store the refrigerated first fluid;

The third fluid storage tank (H) is used to store the second fluid after heating and cooling the input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic machine (J), and the heat pump (I) is used to use its working fluid to The second fluid of (H) is heated, and the fourth fluid storage tank (F) is used to store the heated second fluid, and the second fluid heated by the working fluid of the heat pump (I) is also Heating by an external heat source includes: using an external heat source to heat the second fluid in the fourth fluid storage tank (F);

The system also includes a spray tower (P), the spray tower (P) includes an upper inlet, and the first fluid in the first fluid storage tank (G) is sent from the upper inlet to the spray tower ( P) and sprayed down, contact with the air sent from the lower inlet of the spray tower (P) to exchange heat, wherein the temperature of the air is higher than the temperature of the first fluid being sprayed.
The system according to claim 29, further comprising a first condenser (C) and a steam generator (D), wherein:

The first condenser (C) is used to make the refrigerated first fluid from the second fluid storage tank (E) flow into the first condenser when flowing through the first condenser (C) In (C), the output pressure of the pneumatic engine (J) is condensed to obtain a pressure working fluid, and the pressure working fluid is returned to the steam generator (D) as the source of the pneumatic engine (J). The input pressure working fluid;

The steam generator (D) is used to: make the heated second fluid from the fourth fluid storage tank (F) react to the steam generator (D) when it flows through the steam generator (D) The input pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine (J) is heated to vaporize into the pressure working fluid gas to activate the pneumatic engine (J).
The system according to claim 29 or 30, further comprising an evaporator (A) and a second condenser (B), wherein,

The evaporator (A) is used to: when the working fluid of the heat pump (I) flows through the evaporator (A), it flows into the evaporator (A) from the first fluid storage tank (G) The first fluid absorbs heat and evaporates, thereby cooling the first fluid;

The second condenser (B) is used to: make the compressed working fluid of the heat pump (I) flow into the second condenser (B) when it flows through the second condenser (B) and come from the first condenser The second fluid in the three-fluid storage tank (H) is heated and condensed, and after being heated, it is transported and returned to the evaporator (A).
The system according to claim 30 or 31, further comprising a working fluid storage tank (14), which is located at a lower position than the first condenser (C) and communicates with the first valve (13) through the The first condenser (C) is in fluid communication, and is in fluid communication with the steam generator (D) through a second valve (18),

Wherein, when the first valve (13) is in the open state, the second valve (18) is in the closed state, so that the first condenser (C) is in communication with the working fluid storage tank (14) while maintaining the working fluid storage tank (14). The fluid storage tank (14) is disconnected from the steam generator (D), so that the pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation flows into the working fluid storage tank (14);

And, when the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank (14) is higher than a predetermined first threshold, the first valve (13) becomes a closed state and the second valve (18) becomes an open state , So that the working fluid storage tank (14) is disconnected from the first condenser (C) to communicate with the steam generator (D), so that the working fluid storage tank (14) The pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation in the above is returned to the steam generator (D).
The system according to claim 32, wherein:

When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank (14) is lower than the predetermined second threshold value, the first valve (13) becomes an open state and the second valve (18) becomes a closed state, so that The working fluid storage tank (14) is disconnected from the steam generator (D) and reconnected with the first condenser (C), so that the pressure working fluid liquid obtained by condensation can flow into the working fluid The quality liquid storage tank (14), wherein the predetermined second threshold is lower than the predetermined first threshold.
The system of claim 33, wherein:

The working fluid storage tank (14) is also in fluid communication with the first condenser (C) through a third pipeline that is different from the first pipeline where the first valve (13) is located, and the third The pipeline contains a third valve (12) and a pneumatic generator (11) connected in series,

The working fluid storage tank (14) is also in fluid communication with the steam generator (D) through a fourth pipe that is different from the second pipe where the second valve (18) is located, and the fourth pipe The circuit includes a fourth valve (16) and a gas storage tank (17) connected in series, and the gas storage tank (17) is connected between the steam generator (D) and the fourth valve (16) and For storing the vaporized pressure working fluid gas,

When the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank (14) is higher than the predetermined first threshold, the third valve (12) changes from an open state to a closed state, and the fourth valve (16) changes from an open state to a closed state. The closed state changes to the open state; when the liquid level in the working fluid storage tank (14) is lower than the predetermined second threshold, the third valve (12) changes from the closed state to the open state and the The fourth valve (16) changes from an open state to a closed state, so that the pressure difference between the inside of the working fluid storage tank (14) and the inside of the first condenser (C) is used to drive the pneumatic generator (11) To generate electricity, the generated electricity is preferably used for auxiliary heating of the second fluid in the fourth fluid storage tank (F), and is connected to the first condenser ( C) After the internal pressure is balanced, the first valve (13) changes from a closed state to an open state.
The system according to claim 34, wherein the first valve (13) and the second valve (18) are one-way valves, and the third valve (12) and the fourth valve (16) are electric valves.
The system according to any one of claims 29-35, wherein:

The heat pump (I) includes an electric motor and a compressor driven by the electric motor, and at least a part of the second fluid from the third fluid storage tank (H) is used for water cooling of the electric motor, and after the water cooling Return to the fourth fluid storage tank (F);

and / or,

The pneumatic machine (J) is connected with a generator to drive the generator, and at least a part of the second fluid from the third fluid storage tank (H) is used for water cooling of the generator, and returns after the water cooling The fourth fluid storage tank (F).
The system according to any one of claims 29-36, wherein the first fluid storage tank (G), the second fluid storage tank (E), the third fluid storage tank (H), the The fourth fluid storage tank (F), the working fluid storage tank (14), the evaporator (A), the steam generator (D), the first condenser (C) and/or the second condenser (B) ) Is adiabatic.
The system according to any one of claims 28-37, wherein:

The first fluid is salt water, and the temperature of the first fluid after condensing the output pressure of the pneumatic machine (J) and raising the temperature of the first fluid is preferably 0°C to 20°C, more preferably 0°C to 12°C, more preferably The temperature of the first fluid cooled by the working fluid of the heat pump (I) is preferably -20°C to 0°C, more preferably -12°C to 0°C, more preferably -12°C; and/ or,

The second fluid is water, and the temperature of the second fluid after heating and cooling the input pressure working fluid is preferably 30°C to 50°C, more preferably 35°C to 45°C, more preferably 40°C; The temperature of the second fluid after the heating of the working fluid of I) is preferably 90°C to 60°C, more preferably 80°C to 65°C, more preferably 75°C; and/or,

The working fluid of the heat pump (I) is CO 2 , and the pressure working fluid of the pneumatic engine (J) is ammonia.