WO2012131860A1 - Device using constant volume heater - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problem] There is a demand for improvement in the coefficient of performance for a refrigeration cycle that is a reverse Carnot cycle, and there is a demand for improved thermal efficiency of a thermal engine. To improve the thermal efficiency of a thermal engine, the moisture vapor temperature of a steam turbine is brought to a high temperature. There is a demand for improved efficiency, the prevention of noise, and reduced mechanical loss in an adiabatic compressor. There is a demand for a reduction in the amount of energy used by a boiler, for improved electrical efficiency in a steam turbine, and for improved fuel consumption in devices such as automobiles. [Solution] The coefficient of performance of the refrigeration cycle is improved by replacing the adiabatic compression process of a refrigeration cycle that is a reverse Carnot cycle with a constant volume heating process. The constant volume heater utilizes the thermal change of a fixed volume in the Boyle-Charles's law of thermodynamics. A heat utilization device with a theoretical overall conversion energy efficiency of 1 is achieved with a combination of a heat pump cycle using a constant volume heater and a Carnot cycle thermal engine. A heat utilization device with an overall conversion energy efficiency of 1 or greater is achieved through the proper use of a low-temperature heat source of the refrigeration cycle and a low-temperature heat source of the thermal engine.

Description

Constant volume heater equipment

The present invention relates to a compressor, a boiler, a refrigeration cycle, a generator, a solar energy utilization device, and a moving device.

There are liquid gas heat exchangers and ejectors as means for improving the coefficient of performance of the refrigeration cycle.
There is an inverter as a power control of the compressor.
As a compressor, there are a positive displacement compressor and a centrifugal compressor.
There is an air conditioner that supports air conditioning.
Supercritical water power generation has been developed to improve the thermal efficiency of steam turbines in heat engines.
There is a heat pump water heater that uses carbon dioxide as a refrigerant.
Solar thermal power generation technology and solar cell technology have been developed as means for utilizing solar energy.
Hybrid cars and electric cars are being developed as automobiles.
In particular, energy saving is required for the refrigeration cycle, boiler, and power generation.
Many compressors are used in industry.
Carbon dioxide separation and recovery technology has been developed.

There is a demand for improvement in the coefficient of performance of the refrigeration cycle, which is a reverse Carnot cycle, and improvement in the thermal efficiency of the heat engine.
The steam temperature of the steam turbine is increasing in order to improve the thermal efficiency of the heat engine.
Adiabatic compressors are basically mechanical or electric. For this reason, noise is generated.
When the pressure of the refrigerant is increased, the refrigerant is liquefied, so that the compression efficiency deteriorates and the mechanical loss increases.
Lubricating oil is necessary to avoid friction.
The improvement in the coefficient of performance of the refrigeration cycle is largely different from the ideal coefficient of performance and the theoretical coefficient of performance, which transfer heat from a low temperature heat source to a high temperature heat source.
The relationship between the low temperature heat source and the high temperature heat source of the original ideal coefficient of performance is the relationship between the refrigerant evaporation temperature and the compressor discharge temperature.
This is the cause of the deterioration in the theoretical coefficient of performance.
Improvement of boiler energy efficiency is approaching its limit. In order to develop a heat pump boiler, it is necessary to use water as a refrigerant, but it is difficult to compress water vapor.
There is no refrigeration cycle that can heat and cool hot water at the same time.
Improving the thermal efficiency of power generation using steam turbines such as thermal power generation and nuclear power generation is the limit.
The steam temperature for improving the thermal efficiency of thermal power generation has become high-temperature and high-pressure, and it is necessary to reinforce the structure of the steam turbine, and the manufacturing cost of the steam turbine is rising.
There is a need to improve the fuel efficiency of mobile devices and automobiles, and to reduce carbon dioxide.
Suppressing the generation of harmful exhaust gases in internal combustion engines is an issue.
In the use of solar energy, the conversion efficiency of solar cell power generation and solar thermal power generation is at most about 40%, and the cost is high.
When there is no solar radiation, the solar utilization device cannot be used and the operation rate of the equipment is low.
In addition, utilization of heat sources having low energy density such as heat engine cooling exhaust heat, boiler exhaust heat, combustion exhaust heat, and temperature difference between groundwater and outside air is required.
Improvement of power generation efficiency of thermal power generation using coal and oil as fuel is required.
Further, there is a demand for improvement in energy efficiency of mobile devices, automobiles, and ships.
There is a demand for miniaturization of steam heat engines and response to output fluctuations.
Wind power generation output fluctuation is large and system power becomes unstable.
Equipment operation rate of solar power generation is low and equipment costs are high

A constant volume heater utilizing device for achieving this object, a pressure vessel,
A suction valve;
A discharge valve is provided.
This apparatus is a compressor using a constant volume heater.
The pressure vessel is the same as that used in the adiabatic compressor, condenser and evaporator of the refrigeration cycle.
The pressure resistance is the same as the pressure vessel of the adiabatic compressor of the refrigeration cycle and the pressure vessel of the condenser.

In addition, a constant volume heating fluid is further provided.
The constant volume heating fluid is air in the air compressor. It is a refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant is fluorocarbon, water, ammonia, butane, carbon dioxide or the like.
The constant volume heating fluid is water in the boiler. There are seawater, brine and chemicals.

Furthermore, a final heater comprising a final heating heat source used for final heating of the constant volume heating fluid is provided.
According to the Boyle's law of thermodynamics, the temperature and pressure rise when heating the same volume of gas in an ideal gas.
An increase in temperature and pressure is the same as compression.
In addition, since the temperature is changed by heating, high-pressure liquefaction does not occur unlike the positive displacement compressor, so that the temperature can be easily increased as compared with the positive displacement type.
Therefore, a constant volume heater can be used in the refrigeration cycle instead of the adiabatic compressor.
If a constant volume heating fluid is placed in the pressure vessel and heated while the suction valve and the discharge valve are closed, the heating becomes constant and the pressure increases and the temperature rises.
If the discharge valve is set to a predetermined temperature and pressure of the constant volume heating fluid, when the temperature rises due to heating, the discharge valve opens and gas is discharged.
When the gas is discharged, the pressure in the pressure vessel is lowered, the suction valve is opened, and the low-pressure gas in the previous process is sucked.
Determine the set pressure of the discharge valve from the required pressure and temperature.
The final heating heat source needs to have a certain temperature difference in order to be higher than the discharge temperature and to conduct heat.
At least 10 degrees or more is necessary.
An apparatus for heating at a constant volume using a final heating heat source is a final heater.
The functions of the suction valve and the discharge valve are the same as those of a normal adiabatic compressor.
Since the final heater has only a valve mechanism at the movable part, there is little sound generation and noise can be reduced compared to an adiabatic compressor.
As the final heating heat source, there are a combustion heat source, an electric resistance heat source, and a solar heat collection heat source.
The combustion heat fuel includes solid fuel, liquid fuel, and gaseous fuel.
Solid fuels include coal and biomass.
Liquid fuels include petroleum-based kerosene, naphtha, and light oil.
Gas fuel includes natural gas.
In the refrigeration cycle, a heat source temperature higher than the designed discharge temperature of the refrigerant is required.
There is no problem with the concentrating type that collects light several hundred times or more in solar heat collection, but since it cannot collect heat to 200 degrees or more with a vacuum tube type heat collector, it cannot be used for final heating at a refrigerant discharge temperature of 200 degrees or more. .

Furthermore, a preheating heater including a preheating heat source used for preheating the constant volume heating fluid is further provided.
A preheating heat source is a heat source below the final heating heat source temperature.
A heat source below the final heating temperature can be used for preheating the constant volume heating fluid.
Preheating heat sources include outside air, groundwater, river water, tap water, heat engine cooling exhaust heat, combustion gas exhaust heat, seawater, geothermal power generation exhaust heat, and industrial exhaust heat.
If the temperature difference between the external environment and the temperature is small, a means for improving heat transfer is necessary.
Preheating with a preheating heat source improves the coefficient of performance of the refrigeration cycle.
The functions of the suction valve and discharge valve of the preheating constant volume heater are check valves.
When the constant volume heating fluid is discharged from the final heater, the pressure in the final heater falls below the pressure in the preheating heater, and the constant volume heating fluid in the preheating heater is sucked into the final heater.

Further, it is characterized by further comprising a constant volume heat insulation means for insulating the constant volume heater.
Since the final heating heat source is high heat, heat insulation is necessary to improve heating efficiency.
Insulation means include vacuum insulation and insulation coating. The heat insulating material includes a vacuum heat insulating material, a glass wool heat insulating material, and a urethane heat insulating material.
The heat insulating material covers the inside or outside of the pressure vessel.

Furthermore, it is further characterized by comprising constant volume heat transfer improving means for improving the heat transfer performance of the constant volume heater.
When the preheating heat source is at a low temperature, it absorbs heat of air and water as in the evaporator, so a sufficient heat transfer area is required.
In the case of cooling exhaust heat or groundwater with a low heat source temperature, a horizontal shell and tube, a vertical shell and tube, a double tube, and a plate fin tube are used as means for improving heat transfer performance.

Furthermore, a heating start means for starting heating of the final heater,
A heating stop means for stopping the heating of the final heater;
A heating amount increasing / decreasing means for increasing or decreasing the heating amount of the final heater is provided.
In the constant volume heater using device, the heating start of the final heater is the start of use of the constant volume heater using device.
In the case of electrical resistance heat generation, the power is turned on, and in the case of combustion heat, ignition is performed.
The heating amount increase / decrease is an increase / decrease in current in the case of electrical resistance heating.
The combustion heat is an increase or decrease in the amount of fuel.

Further, heating start instruction means for instructing to start heating of the final heater, heating amount increase / decrease instruction means for instructing to increase / decrease the heating amount of the final heater, and heating for instructing to stop heating of the final heater A stop instruction means is provided.
In order to operate the constant volume heater utilization device, it is necessary to start output, stop output, and increase or decrease the output.
Since the output is generated by heating, the output is controlled by controlling the amount of heating heat.
When the heating heat source is combustion heat, control is performed by controlling the fuel supply amount and the air supply amount.
When the heating heat source generates heat by electric power, the voltage and current are controlled.
When the heating heat source is solar heat, it is difficult to control the amount of heat, so control is performed with other heat sources, combustion heat, and electric power.

Further, heat radiating means for radiating the heat of the constant volume heating fluid;
An expansion valve for lowering the low-temperature and low-pressure of the constant volume heating fluid;
It is characterized by comprising heat absorption means for absorbing heat by vaporizing the constant volume heating fluid.
This apparatus is a refrigeration cycle apparatus, a chemical synthesis substance heating apparatus, a heat pump boiler, and a heating element cooling apparatus.
The constant volume heating fluid is a refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle and water in the heat pump boiler.
The heat radiating means for radiating the heat of the constant volume heating fluid is the discharge of the heated constant volume heating fluid.
In the boiler, water vapor is emitted.
In the chemical synthetic substance heating device, in the refrigeration cycle in which the chemical synthetic substance release is heat radiation, the constant volume heating fluid is a refrigerant and the heat radiation means is a condenser.
The expansion valve is used in the refrigeration cycle.
The endothermic means is an evaporator in the refrigeration cycle.
The heat absorbing means includes a concentrating solar cell element that is a heat generating object and a device that absorbs heat generated by the CPU of the computer.
In the refrigeration cycle, the coefficient of performance improves when the constant volume heating fluid is preheated with outside air or the like with a constant volume heater.
Here, a refrigeration cycle using a constant volume heater will be described.
In thermodynamics, if the work of adiabatic compression is W
W = Q. Since Q is the amount of work taken from the outside of the cycle = the amount of heat = the amount of heat required for constant volume heating, the constant volume heater does not use power and can achieve a refrigeration cycle using only the final heating heat source.
Automatic control, refrigerant circulation rate, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator, etc. are the same as in the case of using an adiabatic compressor.
The actual performance coefficient and the theoretical performance coefficient of the current refrigeration cycle are different from the ideal performance coefficient by thermodynamics.
This is because the temperature difference between the low-temperature heat source and the high-temperature heat source with the ideal coefficient of performance is the refrigerant temperature difference with the theoretical coefficient of performance.
The temperature difference of the refrigerant is the difference between the evaporator inlet temperature and the condenser inlet temperature.
However, since the temperature of the cooling water and the cooling outside air is at least higher than the refrigerant outlet temperature of the refrigerant, it can be heated by the preheating heater to at least the cooling water temperature and the cooling outside temperature.
This improves the coefficient of theoretical performance.
The refrigerant preheated by the preheating heater is finally heated to the discharge temperature by the final heater.
Give an example.
Outside temperature 35 degrees Celsius = T1 Indoor temperature 25 degrees Celsius = T2
Adiabatic compressor outlet temperature of refrigerant 50 degrees Celsius = T3 Evaporator inlet temperature -10 degrees Celsius = T4
Then, the ideal coefficient of performance = T2 / (T1-T2) = (273.15 + 25) / {(273.15 + 35) − (273.15 + 25)} = 29.8.
The adiabatic compression theoretical coefficient of performance = T4 / (T3-T4) = 4.38.
Here, the theoretical performance coefficient when heating to the outside temperature with the preheating heater is constant volume heating theoretical performance coefficient = T1 / (T3−T1) = 20.54.
Therefore, the energy used is 21.3%.
In terms of coefficient of performance, the low temperature of the refrigerant is irrelevant for constant volume heating.
In the case of air cooling, the cooling exhaust heat is always higher than the outside air, so the performance coefficient is further improved by preheating with cooling exhaust heat.
When the cooling exhaust heat temperature is 40 degrees, it becomes 31.3.
A boiler that uses water as the constant volume heating fluid is a boiler.
Here, the efficiency of the heat pump boiler will be described.
Water is evaporated in the evaporator.
Water is vaporized by an evaporator as a refrigerant to absorb heat. In order to set the evaporation temperature to 0 degrees Celsius as in the case of a normal refrigerant, the saturated vapor pressure of water vapor at 0 degrees Celsius is 597 pa, so the set pressure of the evaporator may be set to 597 pa or less.
The water vapor exiting the evaporator is preheated by a preheating heat source.
The preheating heat source should have a sufficient heat transfer area so that it can be heated to the preheating temperature.
Next is final heating, but as a final heating heat source, heating is performed with an electric resistance heat source, that is, heating with a nichrome wire, or a combustion heat source such as natural gas, petroleum, coal, biomass, or a solar heat source.
The constant volume heater is easy because compression above the saturated vapor pressure, which is difficult with a positive displacement compressor, is a heating change.
This is because adiabatic compression liquefies above the saturated vapor pressure.
In a constant volume heater, the discharge temperature can be adjusted by setting the discharge valve pressure of the vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature of the saturated steam.
Therefore, the water vapor discharge temperature can be easily increased.
As an example, the discharge valve setting at a steam temperature of 300 degrees Celsius is 9.4 MPa.
If this steam is ejected, it becomes a boiler.
The coefficient of performance of the heat pump boiler is 2.0 when the boiler steam temperature is 300 degrees and the feed water temperature is 20 degrees, and the energy used is 50% of the conventional one.
In cold districts, the outside air temperature falls below zero degrees and water freezes, so use brain.
When a heat pump cycle is used for heating the chemically synthesized material, the coefficient of performance is about 2 if the preheating is used for the outside air or exhaust heat if the heating temperature is about 300 degrees. Therefore, energy saving is 50%.

In addition, a constant volume heating fluid supply means for supplying the constant volume heating fluid is further provided.
When the constant volume heating fluid is discharged and ejected, the constant volume heating fluid disappears and needs to be supplied.
The constant volume heating fluid supply means newly supplies the constant volume heating fluid.
In the case of a boiler, it is a water supply device.

In addition, a constant volume heating fluid recovery means for recovering the constant volume heating fluid is provided.
In a normal refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant that is the constant volume heating fluid circulates.
The condenser of the refrigeration cycle has functions of heat dissipation and recovery. The boiler condenser is the recovery means.
When steam is discharged and heat energy is converted into mechanical energy by a steam engine or a steam boiler, the steam temperature decreases and heat is dissipated.
Therefore, conversion that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy is a heat dissipation means.
In the chemical synthetic material heating device, carbon dioxide, ammonia, etc., whose boiling point is close to that of carbon dioxide and ammonia can be used.
The reaction for synthesizing urea from carbon dioxide and ammonia is optimal because it is about 300 degrees under a catalyst.
The heat absorbing means includes a concentrating solar cell element that is a heat generating object and a device that absorbs heat generated by the CPU of the computer.
The heat absorption part of the refrigeration cycle absorbs the heat of the heating element and can be lowered. If the heat source is solar heat, the cycle can be operated without any other power, and the concentrating solar cell element can be cooled to about 10 degrees below zero.
A sufficient heat dissipation heat transfer area may be secured without using a fan or cooling water pump for heat dissipation.
Here, a refrigeration cycle using a constant volume heater will be described.
In thermodynamics, if the work of adiabatic compression is W
W = Q. Since Q is the amount of work taken from the outside of the cycle = the amount of heat = the amount of heat required for constant volume heating, the constant volume heater does not use power and can achieve a refrigeration cycle using only the final heating heat source.
Automatic control, refrigerant circulation rate, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator, etc. are the same as in the case of using an adiabatic compressor.
The actual performance coefficient and the theoretical performance coefficient of the current refrigeration cycle are different from the ideal performance coefficient by thermodynamics.
This is because the temperature difference between the low-temperature heat source and the high-temperature heat source with the ideal coefficient of performance is the refrigerant temperature difference with the theoretical coefficient of performance.
The temperature difference of the refrigerant is the difference between the evaporator inlet temperature and the condenser inlet temperature.
However, since the temperature of the cooling water and the cooling outside air is at least higher than the refrigerant outlet temperature of the refrigerant, it can be heated by the preheating heater to at least the cooling water temperature and the cooling outside temperature.
This improves the coefficient of theoretical performance.
The refrigerant preheated by the preheating heater is finally heated to the discharge temperature by the final heater.
Give an example.
Outside temperature 35 degrees Celsius = T1 Indoor temperature 25 degrees Celsius = T2
Adiabatic compressor outlet temperature of refrigerant 50 degrees Celsius = T3 Evaporator inlet temperature -10 degrees Celsius = T4
Then, the ideal coefficient of performance = T2 / (T1-T2) = (273.15 + 25) / {(273.15 + 35) − (273.15 + 25)} = 29.8.
The adiabatic compression theoretical coefficient of performance = T4 / (T3-T4) = 4.38.
Here, the theoretical performance coefficient when heating to the outside temperature with the preheating heater is constant volume heating theoretical performance coefficient = T1 / (T3−T1) = 20.44.
Therefore, the energy used is 21.3%.
In terms of coefficient of performance, the low temperature of the refrigerant is irrelevant for constant volume heating.
In the case of air cooling, the cooling exhaust heat is always higher than the outside air, so the performance coefficient is further improved by preheating with cooling exhaust heat.
When the cooling exhaust heat temperature is 40 degrees, it becomes 31.3.
It is a boiler that uses a constant volume heating fluid as water.
Here, the efficiency of the heat pump boiler will be described.
Water is evaporated in the evaporator.
Water is vaporized by an evaporator as a refrigerant to absorb heat. In order to set the evaporation temperature to 0 degrees Celsius as in the case of a normal refrigerant, the saturated vapor pressure of water vapor at 0 degrees Celsius is 597 pa, so the set pressure of the evaporator may be set to 597 pa or less.
The water vapor exiting the evaporator is preheated by a preheating heat source.
The preheating heat source should have a sufficient heat transfer area so that it can be heated to the preheating temperature.
Next is final heating, but as a final heating heat source, heating is performed with an electric resistance heat source, that is, heating with a nichrome wire, or a combustion heat source such as natural gas, petroleum, coal, biomass, or a solar heat source.
The constant volume heater is easy because compression above the saturated vapor pressure, which is difficult with a positive displacement compressor, is a heating change.
This is because adiabatic compression liquefies above the saturated vapor pressure.
In a constant volume heater, the discharge temperature can be adjusted by setting the discharge valve pressure of the vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature of the saturated steam.
Therefore, the water vapor discharge temperature can be easily increased.
As an example, the discharge valve setting at a steam temperature of 300 degrees Celsius is 9.4 MPa.
If this steam is ejected, it becomes a boiler.
The coefficient of performance of the heat pump boiler is 2.0 when the boiler steam temperature is 300 degrees and the feed water temperature is 20 degrees, and the energy used is 50% of the conventional one.
In cold districts, the outside air temperature falls below zero degrees and water freezes, so use brain.
When a heat pump cycle is used for heating the chemically synthesized material, the coefficient of performance is about 2 if the preheating is used for the outside air or exhaust heat if the heating temperature is about 300 degrees. Therefore, energy saving is 50%.

Further, the constant volume heating fluid is a refrigerant,
A condenser,
An expansion valve and an evaporator are provided.
This is a so-called refrigeration cycle.
Here, a refrigeration cycle using a constant volume heater will be described.
In thermodynamics, if the work of adiabatic compression is W
W = Q. Since Q is the amount of work taken from the outside of the cycle = the amount of heat = the amount of heat required for constant volume heating, the constant volume heater does not use power and can achieve a refrigeration cycle using only the final heating heat source.
Automatic control, refrigerant circulation rate, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator, etc. are the same as in the case of using an adiabatic compressor.
The actual performance coefficient and the theoretical performance coefficient of the current refrigeration cycle are different from the ideal performance coefficient by thermodynamics.
This is because the temperature difference between the low-temperature heat source and the high-temperature heat source with the ideal coefficient of performance is the refrigerant temperature difference with the theoretical coefficient of performance.
The temperature difference of the refrigerant is the difference between the evaporator inlet temperature and the condenser inlet temperature.
However, since the temperature of the cooling water and the cooling outside air is at least higher than the refrigerant outlet temperature of the refrigerant, it can be heated by the preheating heater to at least the cooling water temperature and the cooling outside temperature.
This improves the coefficient of theoretical performance.
The refrigerant preheated by the preheating heater is finally heated to the discharge temperature by the final heater.
Give an example.
Outside temperature 35 degrees Celsius = T1 Indoor temperature 25 degrees Celsius = T2
Adiabatic compressor outlet temperature of refrigerant 50 degrees Celsius = T3 Evaporator inlet temperature -10 degrees Celsius = T4
Then, the ideal coefficient of performance = T2 / (T1-T2) = (273.15 + 25) / {(273.15 + 35) − (273.15 + 25)} = 29.8.
The adiabatic compression theoretical coefficient of performance = T4 / (T3-T4) = 4.38.
Here, the theoretical performance coefficient when heating to the outside temperature with the preheating heater is constant volume heating theoretical performance coefficient = T1 / (T3−T1) = 20.44.
Therefore, the energy used is 21.3%.
In terms of coefficient of performance, the low temperature of the refrigerant is irrelevant for constant volume heating.
In the case of air cooling, the cooling exhaust heat is always higher than the outside air, so the performance coefficient is further improved by preheating with cooling exhaust heat.
When the cooling exhaust heat temperature is 40 degrees, it becomes 31.3.
It is a boiler that uses a constant volume heating fluid as water.
Here, the efficiency of the heat pump boiler will be described.
Water is evaporated in the evaporator.
Water is vaporized by an evaporator as a refrigerant to absorb heat. In order to set the evaporation temperature to 0 degrees Celsius as in the case of a normal refrigerant, the saturated vapor pressure of water vapor at 0 degrees Celsius is 597 pa, so the set pressure of the evaporator may be set to 597 pa or less.
The water vapor exiting the evaporator is preheated by a preheating heat source.
The preheating heat source should have a sufficient heat transfer area so that it can be heated to the preheating temperature.
Next is final heating, but as a final heating heat source, heating is performed with an electric resistance heat source, that is, heating with a nichrome wire, or a combustion heat source such as natural gas, petroleum, coal, biomass, or a solar heat source.
The constant volume heater is easy because compression above the saturated vapor pressure, which is difficult with a positive displacement compressor, is a heating change.
This is because adiabatic compression liquefies above the saturated vapor pressure.
In a constant volume heater, the discharge temperature can be adjusted by setting the discharge valve pressure of the vapor pressure corresponding to the temperature of the saturated steam.
Therefore, the water vapor discharge temperature can be easily increased.
As an example, the discharge valve setting at a steam temperature of 300 degrees Celsius is 9.4 MPa.
If this steam is ejected, it becomes a boiler.
The coefficient of performance of the heat pump boiler is 2.0 when the boiler steam temperature is 300 degrees and the feed water temperature is 20 degrees, and the energy used is 50% of the conventional one.
In cold districts, the outside air temperature falls below zero degrees and water freezes, so use brain.
When a heat pump cycle is used for heating the chemically synthesized material, the coefficient of performance is about 2 if the preheating is used for the outside air or exhaust heat if the heating temperature is about 300 degrees. Therefore, energy saving is 50%.

Further, the solar battery is further provided with a solar heat collecting means for collecting sunlight.
The solar heat collecting means includes a stationary vacuum tube type solar heat collecting device and a concentrating solar heat collecting device using a mirror or a Fresnel lens.
A vacuum tube type solar heat collector is installed on the rooftop of a building and collects sunlight, and uses a heat medium, so it can collect heat up to 200 degrees.
In a normal refrigeration cycle, the discharge temperature of the refrigerant is about 70 degrees Celsius, so the vacuum tube solar collector can be used as a heat source.
However, since it is necessary to use a heat source of 200 ° C. or more in order to use as a heating heat source of the boiler, it cannot be used.
In order to obtain a heat source of 200 degrees or more from sunlight, it is necessary to collect light.
A tracking device is required for light collection. There is a thing which condenses with a Fresnel lens and a thing which condenses with a mirror.
When a heated object is arranged at the condensing point, the condensed light is concentrated several hundred times to several thousand times, so that the temperature becomes very high and it can be sufficiently used as a final heating heat source.
Since the condensing magnification is determined by the area difference between the condensing lens or the condensing mirror and the condensing point, the condensing magnification is adjusted so that a predetermined high temperature can be obtained.
If the heat source is a solar heat collection heat source, it is possible to operate the refrigeration cycle and heat pump cycle using only natural energy.
An inexpensive vacuum tube solar collector is used for heating the refrigerant below 200 degrees.
A concentrating solar thermal collector requires a tracking device and is expensive. However, since it is hotter than a vacuum tube type, it is used in boilers, solar thermal power generation, and the like.
The condensing type uses the final heater as the condensing point.
The stationary solar collector has a maximum elevation of 1000w per square meter when installed at an elevation angle of 35 degrees on the south side, but the annual solar radiation is low.
In the condensing type, direct light is 800 w per square meter, but the annual solar radiation tracks the sun, so it is about 1.6 times that of the fixed type.
When the light is collected several hundreds or thousands of times with a 1 square meter condenser lens or condenser, the heat collecting material becomes high temperature and can be used as a high-temperature heat source for the final heater.
The solar light collecting and collecting means is used as an energy source for the refrigeration cycle and heat pump boiler of the constant volume heater utilizing device.
In practice, the constant volume heater has the same structure as the condenser and evaporator, so the final heater is heated by connecting the pressure vessel and the heat collecting material with a material having high thermal conductivity.
Since the total efficiency of the heat pump boiler and the heat engine is 100%, 100 electricity can be generated with respect to the input solar energy 100.
If the electric conversion efficiency of the constant volume heater utilization device is 85%, 118 solar energy is required for the power generation 100.
Since the direct sunlight energy is 800 w per square meter, the necessary light collection area per 1 kW of power generation is 1 kw / mm / 0.8 kw / mm / 0.85 = 1.47 mm 1.47 square meters.
In addition, since the tracking cost is high, the cost can be reduced by preheating a vacuum tube type solar thermal collector that does not require a tracking device as a low-temperature heat source of about 200 degrees.
Nichrome wire heat and combustion heat are used as a high-temperature heat source at night when there is no solar heat or when it is cloudy.
A vacuum tube type solar heat collector is installed on the rooftop of a building and collects sunlight and uses a heat medium, so it can collect heat at a high temperature of 200 degrees.
Heat storage for about 48 hours is also possible.
A concentrating solar thermal collector is a high-temperature, high-energy heat source that concentrates several hundred to several tens of thousands of times.
Preheat using the cooling water and cooling air of the condenser.
The set pressure of the suction valve and discharge valve of the preheating constant volume heater is the same as that of the final heater.
Since it cannot heat above the temperature of a low-temperature heating heat source, the set pressure of the discharge valve may be the same as that of the final heater.
Condenser exhaust heat is outlet cooling water in water cooling and outlet air in air cooling.
Basically, the temperature is lower than the refrigerant discharge temperature.
As the solar heat collector, there are a stationary vacuum tube solar heat collector and a concentrating solar heat collector using a mirror or a Fresnel lens.
A vacuum tube type solar heat collector is installed on the rooftop of a building and collects sunlight, and uses a heat medium, so it can collect heat at a high temperature of 200 degrees or more.
Since the refrigerant discharge temperature is about 70 degrees Celsius in a normal refrigeration cycle, the vacuum tube solar collector type can be used as a heat source.
However, in order to use as a heating heat source for a boiler that requires steam of 200 ° C. or higher, a heat source of 200 ° C. or higher is required, and thus cannot be used. Can be used for boilers below 200 degrees.
In this case, use a vortex tube to separate it to a high temperature and use it at 200 degrees or more.
In order to obtain a heat source of 200 degrees or more from sunlight, it is necessary to collect light.
The low temperature part is heated by a preheating heater.
A tracking device is required for light collection. There is a thing which condenses with a Fresnel lens and a thing which condenses with a mirror.
Since the light is condensed several hundred times to several thousand times, it becomes very hot and can be sufficiently used as a heating heat source.
Constant volume heaters have only a valve mechanism for moving parts, so there is little noise generation and noise can be reduced compared to adiabatic compressors.
Preheating with a preheating heat source increases the heating efficiency.
In the refrigeration cycle, the exhaust heat from the condenser is effective.
Preheating and constant volume heating is performed using the cooling water and cooling air of the condenser.
The set pressure of the suction valve and discharge valve of the preheating heater is the same as that of the final heater.
Since it cannot heat above the temperature of the preheating heat source, the set pressure of the discharge valve may be the same as that of the final heater.

Furthermore, the apparatus further comprises heat storage means for storing solar heat collected by the solar heat collecting means.
Thermal energy collected by the solar heat collecting means is stored by the heat storage means for nighttime when there is no sunlight, cloudy weather, and rainy weather. For heat storage, heat is stored with the dissolved salt used in solar thermal power generation.
Ice storage is used for cooling.
Vacuum tube solar collectors are also ideal for cooling and refrigeration applications because they have a heat storage function.
In the case of a concentrating solar heat collection heat source, heating is performed separately for the final heater and for heat storage.

Further, the apparatus further comprises heat / mechanical energy conversion means for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy using the working fluid as the constant volume heating fluid.
The assumed volumetric heating fluid is water.
Therefore, the working fluid is water vapor.
The heat-mechanical energy converter is a steam engine and a steam turbine.
The used steam is sent to a condenser to be cooled.
This device can be mounted on ships, automobiles, heavy machinery and the like.
Moreover, it is good to provide a storage battery for the power utilization at the time of starting, and the electrical storage at the time of electric power generation.
As the storage battery, a lead storage battery is used for start-up, and a lithium ion battery, a nickel ion battery, or a NAS battery is used to store surplus power.
Here we will discuss the final conversion efficiency of heat pump boilers, steam engines, and steam turbines.
First, the ideal coefficient of performance of the heat pump boiler Ideal COP is the outside air temperature or cooling water temperature T1 = 30 degrees Celsius refrigerant low temperature
T2 = Celsius-10 degrees refrigerant High temperature
Assuming that T3 = 110 degrees Celsius, in the conventional adiabatic compression that is not preheated by the outside air, the adiabatic ideal COP = T2 / (T3-T2) + 1 = (273.15-10) / {(273.15 + 110) − (273.15− 10)} + 1 = 2.19 + 1 = 3.19
When preheating to the outside temperature, the outside air preheating ideal COP = T1 / (T3-T1) + 1 = T3 / (T3-T1) = (273.15 + 30) / {(273.15 + 110) − (273.15 + 30)} + 1 = 3. 79 + 1 = 4.79
The thermal efficiency of the heat engine is 1-T1 / T3 = (T3-T1) / T3
Therefore, the total conversion efficiency is
Outside air preheating ideal COP × thermal efficiency = T3 / (T3-T1) × (T3-T1) / T3 = 1
And the highest efficiency is achieved.
From this equation, it can be seen that it is better to share the high-temperature heat source of the heat pump cycle device and the heat engine in the same system.
Therefore, it is important to use outside air or cooling water as a low-temperature heat source of the heat pump cycle heat engine.
In addition, unlike adiabatic compressors, constant-volume heaters have only about a moving part, so there is little difference between theory and performance.
If the exhaust heat of the steam engine and steam boiler is higher than the outside air temperature and cooling water temperature, the temperature difference deteriorates the thermal efficiency, so the actual COP is brought closer to the ideal COP by absorbing it with a constant volume heater. I can do things.
In actual operation, the low-temperature heat source of the refrigeration cycle can be covered with the exhaust heat from cooling the heat engine.
From this theory, the combination of the heat pump and the heat engine will examine the low temperature heat source and the high temperature heat source with the effective area efficiency of the equipment. Equipment costs can be reduced because there is no need for high temperatures for thermal efficiency.

Further, the final heater;
High temperature heat source accommodation means for accommodating the high temperature heat source part of the heat / mechanical energy conversion means is provided.
In the steam turbine, the high temperature heat source part of the heat engine is up to the stationary blade. Up to the previous step of converting thermal energy into velocity energy.
By accommodating the heat pump cycle and the high-temperature heat source of the heat engine in the same space, the heat loss of the heat engine is absorbed by the heat pump cycle.
This container is sealed and has no valves. When the temperature of this space becomes equal to or higher than the discharge temperature of the final heater, the discharge valve of the final heater opens, and a low-temperature fluid to be heated is sucked from the preheater to absorb the temperature of the accommodation space.
This can minimize heat loss.

Further, the present invention is characterized by further comprising a high temperature heat source accommodation heat insulating means for insulating the high temperature heat source accommodation means.
Heat insulation can be suppressed by insulating the high-temperature heat source accommodation means.

Further, the preheating heat source having a temperature difference is further provided.
Examples of the preheating heat source having a temperature difference are outside air temperature and groundwater.
If there is a heat source with a temperature difference, the overall efficiency of the heat engine and the heat pump cycle can be made 1 or more.
If the high temperature heat source is 300 degrees, the outside temperature is 35 degrees and the groundwater is 18 degrees, the low temperature heat source of the refrigeration cycle is the outside temperature,
If the low-temperature heat source of the heat / mechanical converter is groundwater, the total conversion efficiency is 1 or more.
Always set the low temperature heat source of the refrigeration cycle to the higher of the two low temperature heat sources,
By combining the low temperature heat source of the heat engine with the lower of the two heat sources, the combined theoretical overall efficiency of the heat pump cycle and the heat / mechanical converter increases to 1 or more.
Total theoretical efficiency is low and low temperature heat source temperature is T1
High and low temperature heat source temperature is T2.
T3 as the high-temperature heat source for heat pump cycle and heat / mechanical converter
Then, the total thermal efficiency is (T2 / (T3-T2) + 1 / (1-T1 / T3) = (T3-T1) / (T3-T2) As a result, the larger T2 is, the smaller T1 is. Get better.
Therefore, the overall efficiency of the above setting is 1.064.
In the winter season, if the outside air temperature is 0 degrees and the groundwater is 18 degrees, the total conversion efficiency is 1.0638.
In this case, the preheating heat source of the heat pump cycle is set to groundwater, and the low temperature heat source of the heat engine is set to the outside temperature.
The best location is a cold area with a geothermal heat source, long sunshine hours, and a lot of solar radiation

Furthermore, the apparatus further comprises a generator that converts mechanical energy converted by the heat-mechanical conversion means into electric energy.
It is a so-called brackish water generator. The steam turbine and the steam engine are moved by the high-temperature and high-pressure steam from the heat pump boiler to generate electricity with an electromagnetic induction generator.
In the case of power generation, it is heated up to about 300 to 600 degrees with a heat pump boiler.
In this case, the condenser functions as a condenser.
When mounted on the moving means, the generated electricity is supplied to the electric motor and the storage battery.

Further, the present invention is characterized by further comprising livestock power storage means for storing the power generated by the generator.
The storage means is a storage battery, a capacitor, or the like. Storage batteries include lead batteries, nickel batteries, and lithium batteries.
Steam engines, steam turbines, and the like have poor output responsiveness, so charge them beforehand and generate driving force with an electric motor to improve responsiveness.

Further, the apparatus further comprises a final heating heat source switching means for switching the final heating heat source.
When there is no sunlight, it is necessary to switch the final heat source because there is no heat storage.
The same applies to power storage and combustion heat sources.

Furthermore, preheating heat source switching means for switching the preheating heat source is further provided.
In the combination of the heat pump cycle and the heat engine, it is necessary to switch the low-temperature heat source in Japan in summer and winter.
For switching, a solenoid valve used for switching between heating and cooling is used.

Further, the apparatus further comprises a moving means for mounting the constant volume heater utilization device.
The moving means is an automobile, a ship, a construction machine, a forklift, or the like.
Specifically, water is used as the refrigerant of the heat pump cycle, and the working fluid of the external combustion engine is used as water vapor. Steam turbine car, steam turbine ship, steam locomotive, steam turbine locomotive.

Further, the apparatus further comprises mechanical / driving force converting means for converting mechanical energy converted by the heat / mechanical converting means into driving force of the moving means.
The moving device is directly driven by a steam engine and a steam turbine.
A power transmission device such as a transmission and a propeller shaft is required.
Since steam turbines and steam engines have poor output responsiveness, electric and electric motors are required.

Further, the apparatus further comprises power / driving force conversion means for converting the power generated by the generator into the driving force of the mobile device.
The power / driving force conversion means is an electric motor.
It is basically an electric motor drive moving device with steam turbine generator.
The converted electric energy is distributed to driving force and power storage.
Fluctuations in driving force are dealt with by supplying electric power from the electric motor and the power storage device, and the thermal / mechanical converter improves fuel efficiency when it is operated at multiple stages of constant speed output.
Multiple stages include idling, city driving, high speed driving, ultra high speed driving, and the like.

The apparatus further comprises mechanical energy distribution means for distributing mechanical energy converted by the heat / mechanical conversion means to the mechanical / driving force conversion device and the generator.

Further, the apparatus further comprises mechanical energy distribution rate selection means for selecting a distribution rate of the mechanical energy distribution means.

Further, the apparatus further comprises driving force requesting means for requesting the driving force to the mechanical / driving force converting device and the power / driving force converting means.

Further, an irreversible reaction generation heat source storage means for storing an irreversible reaction generation heat source of the constant volume heater utilizing device,
An irreversible reaction generation heat recovery means including a preheater using the irreversible reaction generation heat source as a preheating heat source is provided.
Irreversible loss is generated when a mechanical device such as mechanical loss, heat of chemical reaction, and frictional heat is operated.
Preheat heat source for preheater heaters such as steam turbine heat generator, generator, storage battery, solar heat accumulator to absorb heat generated by friction of rotating part of steam turbine, frictional heat of moving part of generator, chemical reaction heat of storage battery And
This can prevent so-called entropy increase.
Overall thermal efficiency is improved.
In implementation, a steam turbine machine movable part, a generator, a condenser, and a drive device are accommodated in the same heat insulation space, and a preheating heater is installed in the space to absorb generated heat.
A heat transfer improving means is attached to the preheating heater.
This also leads to cooling of each device.

Further, the heat generating unit accommodating heat insulating means for insulating the generated heat source accommodating means is further provided.
Heat loss can be suppressed by heat insulation.

Further, the present invention is characterized by further comprising a livestock power measuring means for measuring the livestock power stored in the power storage means.
The amount of electricity stored is always measured, and if there is storage capacity, electricity generated by the mechanical / electrical conversion means is stored.

Further, the apparatus further comprises a vortex tube for separating the constant volume heating fluid into a high temperature fluid and a low temperature fluid.
Vortex tubes can separate gases into high and low temperatures.
Water vapor is generated by a heat pump boiler, but the vacuum tube type solar heat collecting device has no light condensing operation, so the limit is 200 degrees.
Since the efficiency of the heat cycle is determined by the temperature difference, it is necessary to increase the temperature of the water vapor.
Therefore, the temperature is increased using a vortex tube.
It has been reported that current vortex tubes can produce a temperature difference of about 100 degrees.
Water vapor heated to 200 degrees by a vacuum tube type solar heat collector heat source is separated into water vapor at 300 degrees and water vapor at 100 degrees.
The steam turbine is rotated with high-temperature steam at 300 degrees to increase the conversion efficiency.
100 degree low temperature steam is sent to a constant volume heater and reheated.
This improves the conversion efficiency.
The cryogenic fluid is sent to a preheater.
Since the preheating heater is usually the outside air and seawater of a heat source having a temperature lower than that of the low temperature fluid, the high pressure low temperature fluid is sucked into the preheating heater.

Furthermore, the final heating heat source of the constant volume heater is the solar heat collecting means,
The solar heat collecting means is a concentrating heat collecting device,
The heat absorption source of the heat absorption means is a concentrating solar cell element receiver.
In the concentrating solar power generation, when the condensing magnification is several thousand to several tens of thousands, the power generation efficiency is improved from the IV characteristics.
However, the solar cell element generates heat at several thousand degrees or more.
Since the function of the evaporator is heat absorption, the solar cell receiver is made of a copper plate and heat exchange with the refrigerant pipe absorbs heat generated by the solar cell element.
The constant volume heater-utilizing device operates the refrigeration cycle using the concentrating heat collecting device as a high-temperature heat source, so that the concentrating solar cell element can be cooled without requiring power or electricity for cooling.
If the evaporator temperature of the refrigerant is -10 degrees, the condenser inlet temperature is 50 degrees, and the outside air temperature is 30 degrees, using a constant volume heater to preheat to the outside temperature, the theoretical coefficient of performance is 21.01 and 5% of the cooling amount It becomes. A naturally cooled concentrating solar cell element is about 70 degrees.
The temperature difference from the evaporator temperature is 80 degrees, which is improved by 20% or more.
It is also possible to increase the light collection magnification that is currently limited to several hundred times to several thousand times.

Further, the final heating heat source is a combustion heat heat source.

Further, the combustion heat source is a solid fuel combustion heat source.

Further, the combustion heat source is a liquid fuel combustion heat source.

Further, the combustion heat heat source is a gaseous fuel combustion heat heat source.

Furthermore, the combustion heat heat source is the combustion heat of biomass fuel derived from plants.
Biomass fuel contains biogas and vegetation resources generated from wastewater from sewage treatment plants, beer factories, and manure from livestock.
Combined with solar heat collecting means, when there is sunlight, sunlight is used as the final heating heat source, and at night and rainy days when there is no sunlight, biomass fuel is used as the final heating heat source to generate zero carbon dioxide emissions. Realize.

Further, the final heating heat source is an electric resistance heating heat source.

Further, the final heating heat source is a solar heat collecting heat source.

Furthermore, the preheating heat source is used as cooling exhaust heat of a heat engine.
The heat energy that is not converted to the mechanical energy of the heat engine becomes cooling exhaust heat.
The heat engine is a steam turbine, a steam engine, or the like.
This is recovered by a heat pump cycle.

Further, the preheating heat source is outside air.
Preheat the constant volume heating fluid with outside air. In summer in the Northern Hemisphere, outside air is hotter than groundwater and seawater, so it is used to preheat the heat pump cycle.
Groundwater and seawater are cooler than the outside air, so use them as a low-temperature iron source for heat engines.

Furthermore, the preheating heat source is groundwater.
In the case of the northern hemisphere in which the constant volume heating fluid is preheated with groundwater, groundwater is hotter than the outside air, so it is used for preheating the heat pump cycle.
Since the outside air is cooler than groundwater, it is used as a low-temperature iron source for heat engines.

Furthermore, the preheating heat source is the irreversible reaction generating heat source.
Heat generated from the mechanical part of the steam turbine, storage battery, and generator is recovered as a preheating heat source for the heat pump cycle.

Furthermore, the preheating heat source is a vortex tube low temperature separation heat source.
In order to finally heat the low-temperature constant volume heating fluid separated by the vortex tube, it comes to a preheating heater.
Since the pressure on the low temperature side of the vortex tube is higher than the preheating heat source temperature of the preheating heater, it is sucked into the preheating heater.

Furthermore, the preheating heat source is a nuclear reaction heat.
The generated heat of the spent nuclear fuel is used as a preheating heat source. Use as a heat source of 100 degrees or less for safety.

Further, the preheating heat source is seawater.
Preheat the constant volume heating fluid with seawater. When seawater such as ships is available, in the northern hemisphere winter, seawater is hotter than the outside air, so it is used to preheat the heat pump cycle.
Since the outside air is cooler than seawater, it is used as a low-temperature iron source for heat engines.

Further, the preheating heat source is a hot drainage for geothermal power generation.
When the hot drainage of geothermal power generation is used as the preheating heat source of the heat pump cycle and the low temperature heat source of the heat engine is outside air or groundwater, the combined efficiency of the heat pump and the heat engine becomes 1 or more in theory.

Further, the constant volume heating fluid is air.
This device is an air compressor.

Furthermore, the constant volume heating fluid is used as a refrigerant for a refrigeration cycle.
This apparatus is a refrigeration cycle apparatus, which is an air conditioner or a refrigeration apparatus. Examples of the refrigerant include fluorocarbon, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and butane.

Further, the constant volume heating fluid is a chemical substance used for a chemical reaction.
The refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle is used as a chemical reactant.
In the case of a chemical reaction at a reaction temperature of 300 ° C., the chemical reactant is heated by a heat pump cycle. If the outside air temperature is 25 ° C., the coefficient of performance is 2.08 due to the outside air preheating, thereby saving energy.
In this case, the chemically reactive substance is heated by the final heater and discharged.

Further, the constant volume heating fluid is carbon dioxide,
The constant volume heating fluid supply means is carbon dioxide supply means,
Chemicals that react chemically with carbon dioxide,
Carbon dioxide reactive chemicals,
It is characterized by comprising a carbon dioxide compounding device that combines carbon dioxide and a carbon dioxide reactive chemical substance.
Carbon dioxide recovery means will be installed at sources such as steelworks and cement factories.
Various recovery methods have been developed, but any of them may be used.

Further, the carbon dioxide reactive chemical substance is ammonia.
Carbon dioxide and ammonia are synthesized into urea at a temperature of 300 degrees under a catalyst.
The energy required for urea synthesis is halved by using a heat pump cycle.
As a result, when the heat source is coal combustion, carbon dioxide is halved.
If the solar heat collection heat source is the final heat source of the heat pump cycle, the synthesis of urea with zero carbon dioxide emission results in the reduction of carbon dioxide.

Further, the constant volume heating fluid is water.
This device is a heat pump boiler.
The structure in the case of the combustion heat source is the same as that of the once-through boiler.

Further, the constant volume heating fluid is seawater.
Steam is spouted using a constant volume heating fluid as seawater, power is generated by a steam turbine, and the steam is condensed with outside air to recover fresh water.
Supplying seawater for fresh water recovery will enable power generation, seawater desalination and cooling.
The total efficiency of the heat pump cycle and the heat engine is 100%.
The steam discharge temperature is determined depending on whether power generation is important, seawater desalination is important, or cooling demand is important.

Further, the constant volume heating fluid is brine.
In cold regions, the outside air temperature falls below zero and water freezes. Therefore, brine is used.
The brine is calcium chloride aqueous solution, sodium chloride, ethylene glycol aqueous solution, propylene glycol aqueous solution or the like.

Further, the heat / mechanical conversion means is a steam heat engine.
A steam heat engine is a steam turbine or a steam engine.

Furthermore, the solar heat collecting means is a concentrating solar heat collector or a vacuum tube solar heat collector.
The solar heat collecting means includes a stationary vacuum tube type solar heat collector and a concentrating solar heat collector equipped with a tracking device using a mirror or a Fresnel lens.
A vacuum tube type solar heat collector is installed on the rooftop of a building and collects sunlight, and uses a heat medium, so it can collect heat up to 200 degrees.
In a normal refrigeration cycle, the discharge temperature of the refrigerant is about 70 degrees Celsius, so the vacuum tube solar collector can be used as a heat source.
However, since it is necessary to use a heat source of 200 ° C. or more for the final heating heat source of the boiler, it cannot be used.
In order to obtain a heat source of 200 degrees or more from sunlight, it is necessary to collect light.
A tracking device is required for light collection. There is a thing which condenses with a Fresnel lens and a thing which condenses with a mirror.
When a heated object is arranged at the condensing point, the condensed light is concentrated several hundred times to several thousand times, so that the temperature becomes very high and it can be sufficiently used as a final heating heat source.
Since the condensing magnification is determined by the area difference between the condensing lens or the condensing mirror and the condensing point, the condensing magnification is adjusted so that a predetermined high temperature can be obtained.
If the heat source is a solar heat collection heat source, it is possible to operate the refrigeration cycle and heat pump cycle using only natural energy.
An inexpensive vacuum tube solar collector is used for heating the refrigerant below 200 degrees.
The concentrating heat collecting device requires a tracking device and is expensive, but it is used in boilers, solar thermal power generation and the like because it is hotter than a vacuum tube type.
In the vacuum tube type solar collector, the heat source is used for heat exchange with a heat transfer medium of the collector and a constant volume heating fluid in a double tube structure.
The condensing type uses a final heating constant volume heater as a condensing point.
A vacuum tube solar collector is up to 1000w per square meter when installed at an elevation angle of 35 degrees on the south surface, but the annual solar radiation is low.
In the condensing type, direct light is 800 w per square meter, but the annual solar radiation tracks the sun, so it is about 1.6 times that of the fixed type.
When the light is collected several hundreds or thousands of times with a 1 square meter condensing lens or condensing mirror, the heat collecting material becomes high temperature and can be used as the final heating heat source of the constant volume heater.

Furthermore, the heat storage means is a molten salt heat storage.

Further, the heat storage means is ice heat storage.

Further, the constant volume heating fluid supply means is a water supply device.

Further, the structure of the pressure vessel is a double tube structure of a constant volume heating fluid and a preheating heat source. 63
The preheating heat source is outside air, groundwater, etc. In order to improve the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger, a double pipe structure is used in the case of water cooling.

By replacing the adiabatic compression process of the refrigeration cycle, which is a reverse Carnot cycle, with a constant volume heating process, and taking the preheating heating process and the final heating process, the coefficient of performance for a heating refrigeration cycle other than the reverse Carnot cycle is improved.
A heat utilization device with a theoretical total conversion thermal efficiency of 1 is realized by a combination of a heat pump cycle using a constant volume heater and a Carnot cycle heat engine.
By using the low-temperature heat source of the refrigeration cycle and the low-temperature heat source of the heat engine, a heat utilization device with a total conversion thermal efficiency of 1 or more can be realized.
Noise can be reduced compared to an adiabatic compressor by heating the refrigerant at a high temperature using a constant volume heater.
Heating the refrigerant with outside air temperature or cooling exhaust heat using a constant volume heater increases the theoretical coefficient of performance of the refrigeration cycle by 4 to 6 times when using air conditioning compared to using an adiabatic compressor.
More than 75% energy saving.
If a heat pump boiler is constructed using water as the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle using a constant volume heater, the coefficient of performance is about 2 at a steam temperature of 300 degrees, saving 50% energy. Cooling and freezing can be performed simultaneously.
When a heat pump boiler and a steam turbine or a steam engine are combined using a constant volume heater, the theoretical conversion efficiency becomes 1 regardless of the temperature and becomes the highest efficiency.
The heat pump boiler can be reduced in size as compared with the conventional boiler.
Because it is a heat pump boiler, it can also be cooled at the same time.
If the heat source is a solar heat collection heat source using a constant volume heater, cooling, heating and power generation with zero CO2 emission can be realized.
By using a constant volume heater, solar power generation with a solar energy conversion theoretical conversion efficiency of 100% is realized without using solar cells. Since power can be generated by collecting heat, an apparatus with a thermal efficiency of 100% or more can be obtained by using a low-temperature heat source by using a constant volume heater.
Since the boiler is miniaturized, it can be mounted on a moving device.
A combination of a heat pump boiler, a steam turbine, and a generator enables power generation with a theoretical thermal efficiency of 100%.
By using the output fluctuation of the wind power generation and the output fluctuation of the solar thermal power generation as the output fluctuation adjustment means using the biomass thermal power generation using the constant volume heater, the power system is stable and the power generation without carbon dioxide emission becomes possible.
The facility operation rate of solar power generation is low and the facility cost is high.
In addition, the steam heat engine can be operated at a constant speed and output fluctuations can be handled by electricity storage and electric motors to achieve significant energy savings.
As with internal combustion engines, exhaust gas measures are not required.

The final heater. When the 4 constant volume heating fluid in 1 pressure vessel is heated by 4 final heating heat sources with 2 intake valves and 3 discharge valves closed, the pressure temperature increases. When a predetermined temperature pressure is reached, the discharge valve is opened and the constant volume heated fluid 4 is discharged. The final heating heat source is a heat source higher than the discharge temperature of the constant volume heating fluid, and includes a combustion heat heat source, an electric resistance heat generating heat source, and a solar heat collecting heat source. The set pressure of the discharge valve is the pressure at the design discharge temperature of the constant volume heating fluid. The new constant volume heating fluid is sucked into the pressure vessel whose pressure has dropped due to the discharge of the constant volume heating fluid 4 and the suction valve opens. 7 is a heat insulating means, and the final heater is heated to prevent heat loss because the final heater is hotter than the external environment. The heat insulating means 7 may be inside or outside the pressure vessel. Various types of insulation can be used, such as vacuum insulation, glass wool, and urethane. It is a preheating heater. The structure is the same as the final heater. The function of the intake valve and the discharge valve is a check valve function. 6 is a preheating heat source. 4 constant volume heating fluid is heated with a preheating heat source. The preheating heat source includes outside air, groundwater, exhaust heat from the cooling machine, and exhaust heat from combustion. Since the preheating heat source is a low temperature, heat transfer performance is improved by adding 8 heat transfer improvement means. When the constant volume heating fluid is discharged from the final heater in the subsequent process, the pressure in the final heater becomes lower than the pressure of the preheating heater, and the constant volume heating fluid in the preheater is sucked into the final heater. . 4 is a constant volume heating fluid. 9 is a final heater. The constant volume heating fluid is discharged at a high temperature in the final heater. Reference numeral 5 denotes a final heating heat source. Reference numeral 13 denotes a final heating heat source switch, which switches between a solar heat collecting heat source and a combustion heat heat source and switches between a solar heat heat source and an electric resistance heat generating heat source. Reference numeral 10 denotes a preheating heater which preheats the constant volume heating fluid. The final heater and preheating heater satisfy the functions of a conventional adiabatic compressor. Reference numeral 14 denotes a preheating heat source switching unit for switching to a higher temperature of the preheating heat source that changes due to seasonal variation. For example, in the summer of the Northern Hemisphere, if it is outside temperature and groundwater, it turns into outside air. 53 is a heat dissipation means. Reference numeral 15 denotes an output start / stop increase / decrease device. Start and stop heating of the final heater and increase or decrease the heating amount. 43 is a generator. 44 is a mechanical energy distribution means that determines whether to use the mechanical energy as it is or to generate power. When all mechanical energy is allocated to power generation, it becomes a power plant. Reference numeral 42 denotes a heat / mechanical conversion means. Here, the heat of the constant volume heating fluid is dissipated. Reference numeral 11 denotes an endothermic means. In the refrigeration cycle, it is an evaporator. Reference numeral 12 denotes a constant volume heating fluid recovery means. 53 is a heat dissipation means. A condenser having a heat radiation means and a constant volume heating fluid recovery means in a refrigeration cycle is a condenser. Reference numeral 42 denotes a heat / mechanical conversion means having a heat radiation function. When the constant volume heating fluid is water, it is a steam turbine or a steam engine. Reference numeral 19 denotes an expansion valve. Reduce the low temperature and pressure of the constant volume heating fluid. 41 is a heat storage means. When the final heating heat source is solar heat collecting means, it is necessary to store heat at night and in rainy weather. A mechanical / driving force converting means 46 converts mechanical energy into driving force of the moving device. 47 is a power / driving force converting means for converting electric power into driving force. This is a so-called electric motor. Reference numeral 48 denotes a driving force distribution means for determining the distribution of electric power / driving force and machine / driving force. 52 is a starting means. Ships, automobiles, railway locomotives, construction machinery, etc. Reference numeral 50 denotes a heat / mechanical conversion means high-temperature heat source section. It is a high-temperature heat source for the Carnot cycle of heat engines. 51 is a high temperature heat source accommodation means. Heat loss can be suppressed by coexisting the high-temperature heat source of the heat pump cycle and the high-temperature heat source of the heat engine. This is a refrigeration cycle using a constant volume heater. 9 is a final heater. Reference numeral 10 denotes a preheating heater. Replacing traditional adiabatic compressors with final and preheater heaters. 10 is a preheating heater 17 is an evaporator. Reference numeral 16 denotes a condenser. Reference numeral 19 denotes an expansion valve. 18 is a refrigerant. 21 is a solar heat collecting heat source as a final heating heat source. Reference numeral 20 denotes a combustion heat heat source as a final heating heat source. Reference numeral 25 denotes the outside air of the preheating heat source. 26 is groundwater. Switch to a preheating heat source that always has a high temperature using a switch. 54 is a molten salt heat storage. Stores solar heat collection heat. This device is a heat pump boiler with a condenser. 30 is water. Reference numeral 34 denotes a steam heat exchanger. Heat exchange is performed between the heated steam and the heated product. 35 is a condenser. 36 is a biomass combustion heat source. Reference numeral 37 denotes a concentrating solar heat collector, which can collect heat at a very high temperature and can be used as a final heating heat source. 36 is a biomass combustion heat source. A combination of 37 and 36 can realize a boiler with renewable energy. 25 is outside air. 29 is combustion gas exhaust heat. Change to the higher temperature with 14 switches. This device is a heat pump boiler without a condenser. 31 is a water supply apparatus. 32 is a water vapor jet. Water supply is necessary because water disappears due to water vapor. Reference numeral 33 denotes a vacuum tube type solar heat collector. 23 is a gas combustion heat source. Reference numeral 24 denotes a petroleum-based combustion heat heat source. 33 and 23 are final heating heat sources. 25 switched by 13 switching means is outside air. 26 is groundwater. Change to the higher one with 14 switching means. 54 is a molten salt heat storage device for storing solar heat collected at 33. Reference numeral 38 denotes a vortex tube. Separate the constant volume heating fluid into 39 and 40. 39 hot fluid is discharged. 40 constant volume heating fluids are placed in 71 preheating heaters. 40 is sucked into 71 because the temperature is higher than the preheater of outside air and groundwater. Reference numeral 17 denotes an evaporator. 35 is a condenser. 57 is a steam turbine. 30 is water. Reference numeral 33 denotes a vacuum tube type solar heat collector. 54 is a molten salt heat storage. Reference numeral 24 denotes a liquid combustion heat source. 25 is outside air. 67 is heat engine cooling exhaust heat. 56 is a ship. The irreversible reaction generation heat recovery apparatus 10 is a preheating heater. 59 is an irreversible reaction generation heat source. Reference numeral 60 denotes generated heat source accommodation means. Reference numeral 70 denotes an irreversible reaction generating heat source accommodation heat insulating means. 1 is a pressure vessel. 2 is a suction valve. 3 is a discharge valve. 8 is a constant volume heat transfer improving means. 61 is a generator machine heat generation heat source, and 62 is a steam turbine machine heat generation heat source. 62 is a steam turbine machine exothermic heat source, and 63 is a storage battery chemical reaction heat source. Absorb 61-63 heat with preheater. The concentrating solar cell element cooling system 16 is a condenser. Reference numeral 19 denotes an expansion valve. 18 is a refrigerant. 25 is outside air. 21 is a solar heat collecting heat source. Reference numeral 64 denotes a concentrating solar cell element receiver which is an object to be cooled.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pressure vessel 2 Suction valve 3 Discharge valve 4 Constant volume heating fluid 5 Final heating heat source 6 Preheating heat source 7 Constant volume heat insulation means 8 Constant volume heat transfer improvement means 9 Final heater 10 Preheating heater 11 Heat absorption means 12 Constant volume heating Fluid recovery means 13 Final heating heat source switching device 14 Preheating heat source switching device 15 Output start / stop increase / decrease device 16 Condenser 17 Evaporator 18 Refrigerant 19 Expansion valve 20 Combustion heat heat source 21 Solar heat collection heat source 22 Electric resistance heat generation heat source 23 Gaseous fuel combustion Heat source 24 Liquid fuel combustion heat source 25 Outside air 26 Ground water 27 Sea water 28 Industrial waste water 29 Combustion gas exhaust heat 30 Water 31 Constant volume heating fluid supply means 32 Steam jet 33 Vacuum tube solar heat collector 34 Steam heat exchanger 35 Condensate 36 Biomass combustion heat source 37 Concentrating solar heat collector 38 Vortex tube 9 Vortex tube high temperature separation constant volume heating 40 Vortex tube low temperature separation constant volume heating 41 Heat storage means 42 Heat / mechanical conversion means 43 Generator 44 Mechanical energy distribution means 45 Mechanical energy distribution rate selection means 46 Mechanical / driving force conversion means 47 Electric power / driving force converting means 48 Driving force distributing means 49 Driving force requesting means 50 Heat / mechanical converting means High temperature heat source section 51 High temperature heat source accommodating means 52 Moving means 53 Heat radiating means 54 Molten salt accumulation 55 Ice accumulation 56 Ship 57 Steam turbine 58 Covered Cooled object and fluid to be cooled 59 Irreversible reaction generation heat source 60 Generated heat source storage means 61 Generator machine heat generation heat source 62 Steam turbine machine heat generation heat source 63 Storage battery chemical reaction heat heat source 64 Solar cell element receiver 65 Water supply device 66 Nichrome wire heat generation heat source 67 Heat engine cooling Heat 68 irreversible reaction generating heat recovery means 69 hot heat source housed insulating means 70 irreversible reaction occurs the heat source housed insulating means 71 pre heater for vortex tubes

Claims (62)

1. A constant volume heater using a pressure vessel;
   A constant volume heater utilizing device characterized by comprising a suction valve and a discharge valve
2. The constant volume heater utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising a constant volume heating fluid.
3. 3. The constant volume heater utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising a final heater comprising a final heating heat source used for final heating of the constant volume heating fluid.
4. 4. The constant volume heater utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising a preheating heater comprising a preheating heat source used for preheating the constant volume heating fluid.
5. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising constant volume heat insulation means for insulating said constant volume heater.
6. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising constant volume heat transfer improvement means for improving heat transfer performance of the constant volume heater.
7. And heating start means for starting heating of the final heater;
   A heating stop means for stopping the heating of the final heater;
   The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising heating amount increasing / decreasing means for increasing or decreasing the heating amount of the final heater.
8. Further, a heating start instruction means for instructing to start heating of the final heater, a heating amount increase / decrease instruction means for instructing to increase / decrease the heating amount of the final heater, and a heating stop instruction for instructing to stop heating of the final heater The constant volume heater utilizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising means.
9. Furthermore, a heat radiating means for radiating the heat of the constant volume heating fluid,
   An expansion valve for lowering the low-temperature and low-pressure of the constant volume heating fluid;
   9. The constant volume heater utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising heat absorption means for absorbing heat by vaporizing the constant volume heating fluid.
10. 10. The constant volume heater utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising a constant volume heating fluid supply means for supplying the constant volume heating fluid.
11. 11. The constant volume heater utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising a constant volume heating fluid recovery means for recovering the constant volume heating fluid.
12. Further, the constant volume heating fluid is a refrigerant,
    A condenser,
    An expansion valve;
    12. The constant volume heater utilizing device according to claim 1, further comprising an evaporator.
13. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising solar heat collecting means for collecting sunlight.
14. 14. The constant volume heater utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising heat storage means for storing solar heat collected by the solar heat collection means.
15. 15. The constant volume heater utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising heat / mechanical energy conversion means for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy using the working fluid as the constant volume heating fluid.
16. And the final heater,
    The constant-volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, further comprising a high-temperature heat source accommodation unit that accommodates a high-temperature heat source unit of the heat-mechanical energy conversion unit.
17. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, further comprising a high temperature heat source accommodation heat insulating means for insulating the high temperature heat source accommodation means.
18. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, further comprising the preheating heat source having a temperature difference.
19. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 18, further comprising a generator for converting mechanical energy converted by the heat / mechanical conversion means into electric energy.
20. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising livestock storage means for storing electric power generated by the generator.
21. 21. The constant volume heater utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising final heating heat source switching means for switching the final heating heat source.
22. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 21, further comprising preheating heat source switching means for switching the preheating heat source.
23. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 22, further comprising moving means for mounting the constant volume heater utilization device.
24. 24. The constant volume heater utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising mechanical / driving force converting means for converting mechanical energy converted by the heat / mechanical converting means into driving force of the moving means.
25. 25. The constant volume heater utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising power / driving force conversion means for converting the electric power generated by the generator into the driving force of the mobile device.
26. The constant volume heating according to any one of claims 1 to 25, further comprising mechanical energy distribution means for distributing mechanical energy converted by the heat / mechanical conversion means to the mechanical / driving force conversion device and the generator. Equipment
27. The constant-volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 26, further comprising mechanical energy distribution rate selection means for selecting a distribution rate of the mechanical energy distribution means.
28. 28. The constant volume heater utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising driving force requesting means for requesting driving force to the mechanical / driving force converting device and the electric power / driving force converting means.
29. Furthermore, an irreversible reaction generation heat source accommodating means for accommodating an irreversible reaction generation heat source of the constant volume heater utilizing device,
    The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 28, further comprising an irreversible reaction generation heat recovery means comprising a preheater using the irreversible reaction generation heat source as a preheating heat source.
30. 30. The constant-volume heater utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising generated heat source accommodation heat insulation means for insulating the generated heat source accommodation means.
31. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 30, further comprising a livestock amount measuring means for measuring a livestock amount stored in the power storage means.
32. 32. The constant volume heater utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising a vortex tube for separating the constant volume heating fluid into a high temperature fluid and a low temperature fluid.
33. Furthermore, the final heating heat source of the constant volume heater is the solar heat collecting means,
    The solar heat collecting means is a concentrating heat collecting device,
    The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 32, wherein the heat absorption source of the heat absorption means is a concentrating solar cell element receiver.
34. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 33, wherein the final heating heat source is a combustion heat heat source.
35. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 34, wherein the combustion heat heat source is a solid fuel combustion heat heat source.
36. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 35, wherein the combustion heat heat source is a liquid fuel combustion heat heat source.
37. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the combustion heat heat source is a gaseous fuel combustion heat heat source.
38. The constant volume heater utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 37, wherein the combustion heat heat source is the heat of combustion of biomass fuel of plant origin.
39. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 38, wherein the final heating heat source is an electric resistance heating heat source.
40. The constant volume heater utilizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 39, wherein the final heating heat source is a solar heat collecting heat source.
41. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 40, wherein the preheating heat source is cooling exhaust heat of a heat engine.
42. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 41, wherein the preheating heat source is outside air.
43. The constant volume heater utilizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 42, wherein the preheating heat source is groundwater.
44. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 43, wherein the preheating heat source is the irreversible reaction generation heat source.
45. 45. The constant volume heater utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the preheating heat source is a vortex tube low temperature separation heat source.
46. The constant volume heater utilizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 45, wherein the preheating heat source is nuclear reaction heat.
47. The constant volume heater utilizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 46, wherein the preheating heat source is seawater.
48. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 47, wherein the preheating heat source is a hot waste water for geothermal power generation.
49. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 48, wherein the constant volume heating fluid is air.
50. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 49, wherein the constant volume heating fluid is a refrigerant of a refrigeration cycle.
51. The apparatus for using a constant volume heater according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein the constant volume heating fluid is a chemical substance used for a chemical reaction.
52. Further, the constant volume heating fluid is carbon dioxide,
    The constant volume heating fluid supply means is carbon dioxide supply means,
    Chemicals that react chemically with carbon dioxide,
    Carbon dioxide reactive chemicals,
    An apparatus using a constant volume heater according to any one of claims 1 to 51, further comprising a carbon dioxide compounding device for combining carbon dioxide and a carbon dioxide reactive chemical substance.
53. The constant volume heater utilizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 52, wherein the carbon dioxide reactive chemical substance is ammonia.
54. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 53, wherein the constant volume heating fluid is water.
55. The apparatus for using a constant volume heater according to any one of claims 1 to 54, wherein the constant volume heating fluid is seawater.
56. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 55, wherein the constant volume heating fluid is brine.
57. The constant volume heater utilizing device according to any one of claims 1 to 56, wherein the heat / mechanical conversion means is a steam heat engine.
58. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 57, wherein the solar heat collecting means is a concentrating solar heat collector or a vacuum tube solar heat collector.
59. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 58, wherein the heat storage means is molten salt heat storage.
60. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 59, wherein the heat storage means is ice heat storage.
61. The constant volume heater utilization device according to any one of claims 1 to 60, wherein the constant volume heating fluid supply means is a water supply device.
62. The apparatus for using a constant volume heater according to any one of claims 1 to 61, wherein the structure of the pressure vessel is a double tube structure of a constant volume heating fluid and a preheating heat source.

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