WO2020007272A1 - 变速冷凝机组、容量自适应调节方法、储存介质和控制器 - Google Patents

变速冷凝机组、容量自适应调节方法、储存介质和控制器 Download PDF

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WO2020007272A1
WO2020007272A1 PCT/CN2019/094290 CN2019094290W WO2020007272A1 WO 2020007272 A1 WO2020007272 A1 WO 2020007272A1 CN 2019094290 W CN2019094290 W CN 2019094290W WO 2020007272 A1 WO2020007272 A1 WO 2020007272A1
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compressor
speed
condensing unit
parameter
operating speed
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PCT/CN2019/094290
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杨继坤
希利约翰·约瑟夫
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艾默生环境优化技术(苏州)有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201910575988.7A external-priority patent/CN110671847B/zh
Application filed by 艾默生环境优化技术(苏州)有限公司 filed Critical 艾默生环境优化技术(苏州)有限公司
Priority to KR1020217002563A priority Critical patent/KR102469645B1/ko
Publication of WO2020007272A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020007272A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems

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  • the present disclosure relates to the field of variable-speed condensing units, and more particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method capable of adaptively adjusting a cooling capacity of a condensing unit, a computer-readable medium including a program implementing the method, and a computer-readable medium including the computer-readable medium. Controller and variable-speed condensing unit including the controller.
  • variable-speed condensing units are often used in cold chains such as convenience store or supermarket showcases or cold storage to maintain the temperature of stored items in a relatively constant low temperature environment.
  • the load is often fluctuating continuously. Such fluctuations may come from changes in the number of items to be cooled, changes in ambient temperature, or changes in the number of units operating in the work area. This makes the cooling capacity provided by the condensing unit in operation not always match the cooling capacity actually required by the load. If the gap between the current cooling capacity and the actual required cooling capacity is large, it means that the working status of the condensing unit is not ideal.
  • the ambient temperature in a convenience store or supermarket is above 25 ° C, and there is a dense crowd of customers and the load is high, so the actual cooling capacity required is also high; and in the evening in winter, the ambient temperature It is 15 ° C or even lower, and the showcases are usually closed with curtains.
  • the actual cooling capacity will be greatly reduced compared to the former. Therefore, if the condensing unit operates with the same cooling capacity in both cases, then Obviously inappropriate.
  • a mismatch between the cooling capacity of the condensing unit and the required capacity has an adverse effect.
  • the required capacity is significantly reduced, if the condensing unit always runs at the preset cooling capacity, it will not only cause waste of energy, but also cause the controller to shut down the compressor in advance due to the cooling speed of the refrigerated items, which will cause compression.
  • the single running time of the machine is shortened. It is disadvantageous that the compressor is frequently started / stopped in a short period of time, which not only causes large temperature fluctuations of the refrigerated goods, but also easily causes the loss of the machine and shortens the service life of the machine.
  • the preset cooling capacity of the condensing unit is significantly smaller than the cooling capacity required by the load, it may result in low cooling performance or fail to reach the desired cooling temperature of the stored items, and if the required cooling capacity cannot be reached, the condensing unit will continue to run This will easily induce system failure and even bring security risks.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide an adaptive adjustment method capable of avoiding frequent starting and stopping of the compressor.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide an adaptive adjustment method capable of promptly improving the cooling efficiency of a condensing unit when needed.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a computer-readable medium that is widely applicable to the capacity adaptive adjustment of various variable-speed condensing units.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a highly applicable controller capable of automatically adjusting the cooling capacity of a variable-speed condensing unit in a cost-saving manner.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a variable-speed condensing unit that saves energy and cost, has stable operation, and has enhanced cooling performance.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for adaptively adjusting the maximum / minimum allowable operating speed of a compressor based on a parameter that can directly or indirectly reflect the working state of a condensing unit to achieve adaptive adjustment of the capacity of the condensing unit And controller.
  • a capacity adaptive adjustment method for a variable-speed condensing unit includes a compressor set with a maximum allowable operating speed and / or a minimum allowable operating speed.
  • the capacity adaptive adjustment method includes the following steps:
  • the maximum allowable operating speed and / or the minimum allowable operating speed of the compressor is adjusted based on a comparison result between the value of the operating parameter and a predetermined value of the operating parameter.
  • the maximum / minimum allowable operating speed of the compressor can be directly adjusted based on parameters reflecting the working state of the condensing unit, which can directly affect the working efficiency of the compressor in a single working cycle
  • the cooling capacity of the condensing unit is controlled, so it is a simple and effective capacity adaptive adjustment method.
  • the compressor can be prevented from frequently starting and stopping when the cooling capacity is too large. It can also increase the cooling capacity in time when the cooling capacity is too small.
  • the operating parameter includes a first parameter, which is a running time of the compressor in a single start-stop cycle.
  • the working parameter further includes a second parameter
  • the capacity adaptive adjustment method further includes:
  • the maximum allowable operating speed of the compressor is adjusted based on both the comparison result of the first parameter and the comparison result of the second parameter.
  • the second parameter is a suction saturation temperature and / or a suction pressure.
  • the cooling capacity of the condensing unit can be automatically adjusted based on changes in load demand, thereby reducing the temperature fluctuation of the product and keeping the temperature within a desired range, the cooling performance of the variable-speed condensing unit is advantageously enhanced.
  • the monitoring parameters involved in the method according to the present disclosure all belong to the conventional monitoring parameters of the variable-speed condensing unit and do not require additional monitoring devices to monitor, so the control method provided by the present disclosure is easy to implement and saves costs.
  • a computer-readable medium storing a program for adaptively adjusting a maximum allowable operating speed and / or a minimum allowable operating speed of a compressor, wherein the program is implemented as described above when executed The steps in the capacity adaptive adjustment method according to the aspect.
  • the computer-readable medium has no additional requirements for the configuration and structure of the existing variable-speed condensing unit, and thus has universal applicability.
  • a controller for adaptively adjusting the capacity of a variable-speed condensing unit includes a compressor set with a maximum allowable operating speed and / or a minimum allowable operating speed.
  • the controller includes:
  • a data acquisition unit which is used to collect data related to the working parameters reflecting the working state of the variable-speed condensing unit from an external monitoring device in real time and convert the data into an input signal;
  • a storage unit including a computer-readable medium according to the preceding aspect
  • a processing unit that receives an input signal from a data acquisition unit and determines an output signal based on the input signal by reading and executing a program in a storage unit for adjusting the maximum allowable operating speed and / or the minimum of the compressor Allowable running speed.
  • variable speed condensing unit wherein the variable speed condensing unit includes a controller as described in the preceding aspect.
  • the capacity adaptive adjustment of the variable-speed condensing unit can be achieved by only improving the control program without improving or adjusting the components and structures of the existing condensing unit. Therefore, the controller and The variable speed condensing unit has all the advantages of the capacity adaptive adjustment method described above, and also has the advantages of saving production costs and strong applicability, so it has strong competitiveness.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a variable speed condensing unit.
  • FIG. 2 is a control flowchart of reducing a maximum allowable operating speed of a compressor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a control flowchart of increasing a maximum allowable operating speed of a compressor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 shows a variable-speed condensing unit 100 including a refrigeration circuit for providing refrigeration for storage items and a control device for providing a thermostatic control for the refrigeration circuit.
  • the refrigeration circuit mainly includes a compressor 110, a condenser 120, a condensing fan 121, an expansion valve (for example, a thermal expansion valve, TXV) 130, and an evaporator 140 connected in this order through a pipeline.
  • the control device includes a controller 150 and a variable frequency drive 101 for controlling the operation of the compressor 110.
  • the controller 150 can be divided into a hardware part and a software part including a control program, and is mainly used to provide the compressor 110, Output (control) signals from condenser fans and expansion valves are used to regulate the operating status of these devices.
  • the cooling capacity of the variable speed condensing unit 100 largely depends on the operating speed of the compressor 110. The greater the operating speed of the compressor 110, the greater the cooling capacity of the condensing unit 100, and vice versa.
  • the compressor 110 runs a predetermined operating time t p at an operating speed within a predetermined speed range within a working cycle and maintains the temperature of the article in a relatively constant ideal low temperature environment. Under this state The cooling capacity C 0 of the condensing unit 100 and the cooling capacity C r required by the load are considered to match.
  • the predetermined speed range includes a maximum allowable operating speed and a minimum allowable operating speed.
  • the controller 150 of the present disclosure is configured to automatically adaptively adjust the maximum allowable operating speed and the minimum allowable operating speed of the compressor 110 based on the fluctuation of the load amount, so that The cooling capacity of the condensing unit 100 is automatically increased or decreased as the load fluctuates, thereby ensuring that the condensing unit still has good cooling performance when the cooling capacity demand is high, and on the other hand, avoiding the cooling capacity demand Frequent opening and closing cycles of the compressor under low conditions.
  • the controller 150 includes at least a data acquisition unit 151, a storage unit 152, and a processing unit 153.
  • the data acquisition unit 151 is used to obtain an input signal from an external monitoring device 10 in real time and transmit the input signal to the processing unit 153, where the monitoring device 10 includes work for monitoring and measuring various parts provided at different positions of the condensing unit 100 Conditions or operating parameters, such as suction pressure sensors, condensation temperature sensors, etc., where the operating parameters may include, but are not limited to, the operating time t of the compressor in a single working cycle, the operating speed of the compressor, the suction pressure, and the suction saturation Temperature, evaporator temperature, evaporation pressure, condenser temperature, exhaust temperature, etc.
  • the storage unit 152 includes a computer-readable medium storing a control program, data, and the like; the processing unit 153 processes an input signal related to the monitored working parameter by using the control program read from the storage unit 152 to adjust the compression
  • the output signal of the maximum allowable operating speed of the machine 110 ie, the output signal is determined based on the input signal
  • the output signal is transmitted to the relevant actuator to perform the required operation.
  • Computer-readable medium refers to any medium capable of storing computer data.
  • Computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, memory, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), and electrically erasable Write programmable read-only memory (FFPROM), flash memory, read-only discs, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, other magnetic media, optical media, or any other device or media capable of storing computer data.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • PROM programmable read-only memory
  • EPROM erasable programmable read-only memory
  • FFPROM electrically erasable Write programmable read-only memory
  • flash memory read-only discs, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, other magnetic media, optical media, or any other device or media capable of storing computer data.
  • the control method of the present disclosure mainly determines whether it is necessary to increase or decrease the maximum allowable operating speed of the compressor 110 by analyzing parameters reflecting the working state of the condensing unit 100. When it is determined that the maximum allowable operating speed of the compressor 110 needs to be increased or decreased When running speed, the maximum allowable running speed to be adjusted is calculated according to the calculation formula in the control program.
  • the working parameters may be, for example, the working time of a single cycle of the compressor, the suction pressure, the saturated suction temperature, the evaporation temperature, and the like.
  • FIG. 2 shows a control method for adaptively reducing the maximum allowable operating speed of the compressor.
  • the compressor will often stop running in advance, in other words, the working time of the compressor can be intuitive and accurate It reflects whether the cooling capacity of the condensing unit is too large. Based on this fact, in this embodiment, the operating time of the compressor in a single working cycle can be used as the only parameter to determine whether the maximum allowable operating speed of the compressor should be reduced. This makes the control method of the present disclosure simple, accurate, and easy to implement.
  • the method includes the following steps: a parameter obtaining step S100, which obtains the operating time of the compressor 110 in a single working cycle (corresponding to the first parameter according to the present disclosure); and comparing step S102, the value of the operating time Compare with the scheduled operation time t p ; determine step S104, determine whether the last two consecutive operation times t 1 and t 2 are less than the predetermined operation time t p ; in the decision step S104, if the determination result is "yes”, then Step S106 is executed to reduce the current maximum allowable operating speed S0; on the contrary, if the determination result is "No", step S108 is performed to maintain the current maximum allowable operating speed S0 unchanged.
  • n is any integer greater than or equal to 1. It can be understood that the smaller the value of n, the faster the adjustment step starts; on the contrary, the larger the value of n, the later the adjustment step is started.
  • n can be freely selected by the user according to, for example, load fluctuation frequency, environmental conditions, and desired corresponding frequency and efficiency, so that adaptive adjustment can be made for different application environments and different user needs, making the method It can adapt to variable-speed condensing units working under various working conditions.
  • the ideal cooling temperature can still be achieved, but unnecessary energy waste is avoided, and the operating time of a single cycle of the compressor can be ensured Being in an ideal range, on the one hand, it can prevent frequent fluctuations in the cooling temperature of the article, on the other hand, it can reduce damage to the machine and extend the service life of the machine.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a control method for adaptively increasing the maximum allowable operating speed of a compressor according to the present disclosure.
  • Capacity (C 0 ⁇ C r ) it is necessary to increase the maximum allowable operating speed of the compressor so that the condensing unit can reach the required cooling capacity C r more quickly. Based on the above facts, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, it is determined whether the maximum allowable operating speed of the compressor needs to be increased by combining the conditions of the compressor operating time and the suction pressure.
  • the control method shown in FIG. 3 mainly includes the following steps: a parameter obtaining step S200, obtaining a running time of the compressor, and obtaining a value P of the suction pressure in real time (corresponding to a second parameter according to the present disclosure); a comparison step S202, the run-time t to length and a predetermined running p are compared, and the value P measured in real time of the suction pressure and the suction pressure of a predetermined value P p comparing; determination step S204, is determined length t is the current runtime 0 or greater The predetermined operating time t p and the current value of the suction pressure P is greater than or equal to the predetermined value of the suction pressure P p ; if the determination result is “YES”, step S206 is performed to increase the current maximum allowable running speed S0; otherwise, if it is determined If the result is "No”, step S208 is executed to maintain the current maximum allowable running speed S0 unchanged.
  • the speed of the compressor can be effectively increased in time to increase the cooling capacity of the unit.
  • the cooling efficiency of the condensing unit can be improved and the desired cooling temperature can be better maintained; on the other hand, the machine can be prevented from running overtime for a long time, thereby avoiding possible circuit failures or hidden safety hazards.
  • the advantages of the control method according to the present disclosure include at least: the ability to reduce the undesired start-stop cycle of the compressor; save energy; reduce fluctuations in the cooling temperature of the stored items; timely and efficient adjustment means; simple and easy to implement; Save costs, etc.
  • the method of the present disclosure may further include adjusting the minimum allowable operating speed of the compressor.
  • the capacity of the condensing unit can be adjusted adaptively. For example, if the cooling capacity provided when the compressor is decelerated to operate at the minimum allowable operating speed is still greater than the cooling capacity required by the load (the compressor will end the operation early), the minimum allowable value of the compressor can be appropriately reduced. Run the speed to make the compressor work at a lower speed for a longer period of time in a working cycle.
  • This adjustment method can not only ensure the cooling efficiency of the condensing unit, but also reduce energy waste, and avoid the adverse effects such as machine damage and frequent fluctuations in the temperature of stored items caused by frequent start-stop cycles of the compressor. It can be envisaged that this control mode can also be implemented by means of one or more of the compressor operating time or other operating parameters and other parameters reflecting the working conditions of the condensing unit.
  • the method of increasing or decreasing the maximum allowable operating speed and / or the minimum allowable operating speed may adopt any suitable method, for example, it is conceivable to adopt a suitable calculation equation to change the maximum allowable operating speed The operating speed is increased or decreased to an appropriate value, and it is also conceivable that the maximum allowable operating speed can be increased or decreased to an appropriate value by a technician based on experience. Increase or decrease to make adjustments.

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Abstract

一种用于变速冷凝机组（100）的容量自适应调节方法，在该变速冷凝机组（100）包括压缩机（110），压缩机（110）设定有最大/最小允许运行转速，步骤如下：获取反映变速冷凝机组（100）的工作状态的工作参数的数值，将工作参数的数值，将工作参数的数值与工作参数的预定值进行比较，以及基于工作参数的数值与工作参数的预定值的比较结果来调节压缩机（110）的最大允许运行转速和/或最小允许运行转速。一种储存有用于适应性调节压缩机（110）的最大/最小允许运行转速的程序的计算机可读介质和包括计算机可读介质的控制器（150）以及相应的变速冷凝机组（100），既能够避免压缩机（110）在冷却容量过大时的频繁启停和能源浪费，又能够在冷却容量过小时及时提高冷却容量。

Description

变速冷凝机组、容量自适应调节方法、储存介质和控制器
本申请要求于2018年7月2日提交中国专利局、申请号为201810709249.8、名称为“变速冷凝机组、容量自适应调节方法、储存介质和控制器”的中国专利申请以及于2019年6月28日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910575988.7、名称为“变速冷凝机组、容量自适应调节方法、储存介质和控制器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及变速冷凝机组领域，更具体地说，本公开涉及一种能够适应性地调节冷凝机组的冷却容量的方法、包括实现该方法的程序的计算机可读介质、包括该计算机可读介质的控制器以及包括该控制器的变速冷凝机组。
背景技术
众所周知，变速冷凝机组常常应用在诸如便利店或超市的展柜或是冷库等冷链中以将所储存物品的温度维持在相对恒定的低温环境中。
在冷凝机组的工作过程中，负载量往往是持续波动的，这种波动可能来自于待冷却的物品数量的变化、环境温度的变化或是工作区域中运行机组的数量变化等因素。这就使得冷凝机组在工作中所提供的冷却容量与负载实际需求的冷却容量不总是相匹配。如果当前的冷却容量与实际需求的冷却容量之间差距较大，则意味着冷凝机组的工作状态是不理想的。例如，在夏季的白天，便利店或超市中的环境温度为25℃以上并且周围有密集的顾客人流，负载量较高，因此实际需要的冷却容量也较高；而在冬季的晚上，环境温度为15℃甚至更低，并且展柜通常还会以帘幕封闭，实际需要的冷却容量相较于前者会大大降低，因此如果在这两种情况下冷凝机组均以同样的冷却容量来运行，则显然是不合适的。
冷凝机组的冷却容量与所需容量之间不匹配带来了不利影响。在所需容量明显减小的情况下，冷凝机组若始终以预设冷却容量运行不仅会造成能源的浪费，而且会因冷藏物品的降温速度变快而导致控制器提前关停压缩机从而使压缩机的单次运行时长缩短。压缩机频繁地在短时间内开启/停止是不利的，这不仅会导致冷藏物品的温度波动大，还容易造成机器的损耗从而缩短机器的使用寿命。相反地，冷凝机组的预设冷却容量明显小于负载需要的冷却容量时， 则可能导致冷却性能低或者不能达到储藏物品的期望的冷却温度，并且若不能达到需要的冷却容量，冷凝机组会持续运行，这将容易诱发系统故障甚至带来安全隐患。
发明内容
在本部分中提供本公开的总概要，而不是本公开完全范围或本公开所有特征的全面公开。
针对现有技术的不足，提供一种能够基于负载量的波动适应性调节变速冷凝机组的冷却容量的方法和/或装置将是有必要的。
本公开的一个目的在于提供一种能够使变速冷凝机组的冷却容量随着负载量的波动而自动适应性调节的方法。
本公开的另一目的在于提供一种能够避免压缩机的频繁启停的自适应调节方法。
本公开的另一目的在于提供一种能够在需要时及时提高冷凝机组的冷却效率的自适应调节方法。
本公开的另一目的在于提供一种能够广泛适用于各种变速冷凝机组的容量自适应调节的计算机可读介质。
本公开的另一目的在于提供一种能够以节约成本的方式自动调节变速冷凝机组的冷却容量的适用性强的控制器。
本公开的又一目的在于提供一种节约能源和成本、运行稳定并且冷却性能增强的变速冷凝机组。
为了实现上述目的中的至少一个，本公开提供了基于能够直接或间接反映冷凝机组的工作状态的参数而适应性调节压缩机的最大/最小允许运行转速以实现冷凝机组的容量自适应调节的方法和控制器。
根据本公开的一方面，提供了一种用于变速冷凝机组的容量自适应调节方法，该变速冷凝机组包括压缩机，该压缩机设定有最大允许运行转速和/或最小允许运行转速，该容量自适应调节方法包括以下步骤：
获取反映变速冷凝机组的工作状态的工作参数的数值，
将工作参数的数值与工作参数的预定值进行比较，以及
基于工作参数的数值与工作参数的预定值的比较结果来调节压缩机的最 大允许运行转速和/或最小允许运行转速。
由于负载量的波动会导致冷凝机组的工作状态发生变化，通过基于反映冷凝机组的工作状态的参数来调节压缩机的最大/最小允许运行转速，能够直接影响压缩机在单个工作周期中的工作效率进而控制冷凝机组的冷却容量，因此是一种简单有效的容量自适应调节方式。特别地，通过基于反映冷凝机组的工作状态的参数来调节压缩机的最大/最小允许运行转速，在实现容量自适应调节的前提下，能够避免压缩机在冷却容量过大时的频繁启停，又能够在冷却容量过小时及时提高冷却能力。
根据前述方面，该工作参数包括第一参数，该第一参数为压缩机在单个启停周期内的运行时长。
这样，当由于冷凝机组的冷却容量过大时，可以通过压缩机的工作时长短于预定时长而直接判断得出并适时采取降低最大允许运行转速的措施，从而减小冷却容量，避免能量浪费，更避免了压缩机的频繁启停以及因此产生的物品温度波动、机器受损等不利影响。
优选地，工作参数还包括第二参数，该容量自适应调节方法还包括：
实时获取第二参数的数值，
将第二参数的实时值与第二参数的预定值进行比较，以及
基于第一参数的比较结果和第二参数的比较结果两者来调节所述压缩机的最大允许运行转速。
通过上述方法，能够在一经出现变速冷凝机组的冷却容量不足的情况下及时增大冷凝机组的冷却容量并提高其冷却效率(冷却能力)，由此一方面更好地将物品维持在期望的冷却温度下，另一方面还能够避免机器的超时长运行以及可能由此引发的电路故障或安全隐患等。
可选地，第二参数为吸气饱和温度和/或吸气压力。
根据上述方面，由于能够基于负载需求的变化而自动调节冷凝机组的冷却容量，从而减小产品的温度波动并将该温度保持在期望范围内，有利地增强了变速冷凝机组的冷却性能。
另外，根据本公开的方法所涉及的监测参数均属于变速冷凝机组的常规监测参数而不需要额外的监测装置来监测，因此本公开所提供的控制方法是易 于实现且节约成本的。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供了一种储存有用于适应性调节压缩机的最大允许运行转速和/或最小允许运行转速的程序的计算机可读介质，其中，该程序被执行时实现如前述方面所述的容量自适应调节方法中的步骤。该计算机可读介质对现有变速冷凝机组的配置和结构没有额外要求，因此具有普遍适用性。
根据本公开的再一方面，提供了一种用于变速冷凝机组的容量自适应调节的控制器，该变速冷凝机组包括压缩机，压缩机设定有最大允许运行转速和/或最小允许运行转速，该控制器包括：
数据采集单元，该数据采集单元用于实时从外部监测装置采集与反映所述变速冷凝机组的工作状态的工作参数相关的数据并将所述数据转换为输入信号；
存储单元，该存储单元包括如前述方面所述的计算机可读介质；
处理单元，该处理单元接收来自数据采集单元的输入信号，并且通过读取并执行存储单元中的程序而基于所述输入信号确定输出信号以用于调节压缩机的最大允许运行转速和/或最小允许运行转速。
根据本公开的又一方面，还提供了一种变速冷凝机组，其中，该变速冷凝机组包括如前述方面所述的控制器。
根据本公开的实施方式，变速冷凝机组的容量自适应调节能够通过仅改进控制程序即可以实现，而无需对现有冷凝机组的组成部件及构造进行改进或调整，因此根据本公开的控制器和变速冷凝机组除了具有如前文所述的容量自适应性调节方法的全部有利效果以外，还具有节约生产制造成本、适用性强等优点，因此具有很强竞争力。
附图说明
通过以下参照附图的描述，本公开的一个或多个实施方式的特征和优点将变得更加容易理解，在附图中：
图1是变速冷凝机组的示意图。
图2是根据本公开的一种实施方式的使压缩机的最大允许运行转速减小的控制流程图。
图3是根据本公开的一种实施方式的使压缩机的最大允许运行转速增大的控制流程图。
具体实施方式
在下文中，将参照附图具体描述本公开的实施方式。本公开的范围不限于所具体描述的实施方式。
图1示出了一种变速冷凝机组100，其包括用于为储存物品提供制冷的制冷回路以及用于为制冷回路提供恒温控制的控制装置。制冷回路主要包括通过管路依次连接的压缩机110、冷凝器120、冷凝风机121、膨胀阀(例如热力膨胀阀，TXV)130及蒸发器140。其中，控制装置包括控制器150和用于控制压缩机110的运转的变频驱动器101，控制器150可分为硬件部分和包含控制程序的软件部分，主要用于根据监测信息提供针对压缩机110、冷凝器风机和膨胀阀等的输出(控制)信号，以用于对这些装置的工作状态进行调控。
变速冷凝机组100的冷却容量很大程度上取决于压缩机110的运行转速，压缩机110的运行转速越大，则冷凝机组100的冷却容量越大，反之亦然。在冷凝机组的理想工作状态下，压缩机110在一个工作周期内以预定转速范围内的运行转速运行预定运行时长t p并且将物品温度维持在较为恒定的理想的低温环境中，在该状态下，冷凝机组100的冷却容量C 0与负载所需要的冷却容量C r被认为是相匹配的。其中，预定转速范围包括最大允许运行转速和最小允许运行转速。
在常规冷凝机组的运行中，如果压缩机的转速所能产生的冷却容量未能达到所需要的冷却容量(C 0<C r)，则控制器会使压缩机加速运转直至达到最大允许运行转速，若仍不能达到所需要的冷却容量(即，仍为C 0<C r)，压缩机也只能持续以最大允许运行转速运行而不能继续加速。相反地，如果压缩机的转速所产生的冷却容量超出实际需要的冷却容量(C 0>C r)，则控制器会使压缩机减速直到减速至以最小允许运行转速运行，若以最小允许运行转速运行时的冷却容量仍然过大(即，仍为C 0>C r)，则控制器会将压缩机关停。若长时间一直处于C 0<C r的状态，则导致压缩机持续高速运转而所储存的物品仍不能得到有效的冷却；而若开机后持续处于C 0>C r的状态，则压缩机往往会提前关停以防止物品的冷却温度下降至理想温度范围以下。
为了将冷凝机组的工作状态维持在理想工作状态下，本公开的控制器150被配置成能够基于负载量的波动自动地适应性调节压缩机110的最大允许运行转速和最小允许运行转速，从而使冷凝机组100的冷却容量随着负载量的波动而自动调大或调小，由此一方面确保在冷却容量需求高的情况下冷凝机组仍具备良好的冷却性能，另一方面避免在冷却容量需求低的情况下压缩机的频繁的启闭循环。
控制器150至少包括数据采集单元151、存储单元152和处理单元153。数据采集单元151用于实时从外部的监测装置10获取输入信号并将输入信号传输至处理单元153，其中，监测装置10包括设置在冷凝机组100不同位置处的用于监控和测量各部分的工作状况或工作参数的元件，例如吸气压力传感器、冷凝温度传感器等，其中工作参数可以包括但不限于压缩机单个工作周期内的运行时长t、压缩机的运行转速、吸气压力、吸气饱和温度、蒸发器温度、蒸发压力、冷凝器温度、排气温度等。存储单元152包括存储有控制程序和数据等的计算机可读介质；处理单元153通过执行从存储单元152处读取的控制程序而将与监测到的工作参数有关的输入信号处理为用于调节压缩机110的最大允许运行转速的输出信号(即，基于输入信号确定输出信号)并且将该输出信号传送至相关的执行机构以执行所需的操作。
如在这里所使用的术语“计算机可读介质”指能够存储计算机数据的任何介质。计算机可读介质包括但不限于:存储器、随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、可编程只读存储器(PROM)、可擦写可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、电可擦写可编程只读存储器(FFPROM)、闪存、只读光盘、软盘、磁带、其他磁性介质、光学介质或能够存储计算机数据的任何其他装置或介质。
本公开的控制方法主要是通过分析反映冷凝机组100的工作状态的参数来判断是否需要增大或减小压缩机110的最大允许运行转速，当判定需要增大或减小压缩机110的最大允许运行转速时，则根据控制程序中的计算公式计算出需要调节至的最大允许运行转速。其中，工作参数例如可以是压缩机单个周期的工作时长、吸气压力、饱和吸气温度、蒸发温度等等。
图2示出了一种适应性减小压缩机的最大允许运行转速的控制方法。由 于如前文所提到的，当冷凝机组100的冷却容量大于负载需要的冷却容量(C 0>C r)时，压缩机往往会提前停止运转，换言之，压缩机的工作时长能够直观、准确地反应出冷凝机组的冷却容量是否过大。基于该事实，在该实施方式中，可以将压缩机在单个工作周期内的运行时长作为判定是否应当减小压缩机最大允许运行转速的唯一参数。这使得本公开的控制方法将是简单、准确且易于实现的。
如图2所示，该方法包括如下步骤：参数获取步骤S100，获取压缩机110在单个工作周期内的运行时长(对应于根据本公开的第一参数)；比较步骤S102，将运行时长的数值与预定运行时长t p进行比较；判定步骤S104，判定是否最近连续2次的运行时长t 1和t 2均小于预定运行时长t p；在判定步骤S104中，如果判定结果为“是”，则执行步骤S106，减小当前最大允许运行转速S0；相反，如果判定结果为“否”，则执行步骤S108，维持当前最大允许运行转速S0不变。
在该实施方式中，“连续2次”仅是示例，其可以是“连续n次”，其中n为大于等于1的任意整数。可以理解，n的取值越小，则意味着调节步骤开始的越快；相反，n的取值越大，则意味着调节步骤开始的越晚。在实际操作中，n可以由用户根据例如负载波动频率、环境状况以及期望的相应频率和效率等自由选择，从而能够针对不同的应用环境和不同的用户需求做出适应性的调整，使得该方法能够适应于在各种工况下工作的变速冷凝机组。
根据本实施方式的方法，当压缩机以减小后的最大允许运行转速运行时，依然能够实现理想的冷却温度，但却避免了不必要的能量浪费，并且可以确保压缩机单个周期的运行时长处于理想范围，由此一方面能够防止物品的冷却温度的频繁波动，另一方面还可以减少对机器的损伤、延长机器的使用寿命。
在此，使用压缩机运行时长作为被监测的工作参数仅是示例，本领域技术人员可以想到能够采用其他反应冷凝机组工作状态的参数(特别是能够反映冷凝机组的冷却容量与负载所需要的冷却容量的差异的参数)进行判断。例如，由于蒸发器温度在一定程度上反映了物品的冷却温度，因此可以预想到基于蒸发器温度来调节压缩机的最大/最小允许运行转速。
进一步，根据本公开的实施方式的控制方法还能够在冷却容量不足的情 况下适应性增大压缩机的最大允许运行转速。图3示出了根据本公开的一种适应性增大压缩机最大允许运行转速的控制方法。在冷凝机组100的运行过程中，当实际吸气压力高于设定值时，控制器150会通过变频驱动器101启动压缩机110并且增大压缩机的转速，直到压缩机以最大允许运行转速运行为止。如果实际吸气压力持续高于吸气压力预定值，压缩机会一直运行，甚至超出预定的运行时长，这样则意味着冷凝机组100在预定运行时长内所提供的冷却容量不能满足负载所需要的冷却容量(C 0<C r)，因此有必要提高压缩机的最大允许运行转速以使冷凝机组更加快速地达到需要的冷却容量C r。基于以上事实，在图3所示实施方式中，通过结合压缩机的运行时长和吸气压力两个参数的状况来判断是否需要增大压缩机的最大允许运行转速。
具体地，图3所示的控制方法主要包括如下步骤：参数获取步骤S200，获取压缩机的运行时长，并且实时获取吸气压力的数值P(对应于根据本公开的第二参数)；比较步骤S202，将运行时长与预定运行时长t p进行比较，并且将实时测得的吸气压力的数值P与吸气压力预定值P p进行比较；判定步骤S204，判断是否当前运行时长t 0大于等于预定运行时长t p并且当前的吸气压力的数值P大于等于吸气压力预定值P p；如果判定结果为“是”，则执行步骤S206，增大当前最大允许运行转速S0；相反，如果判定结果为“否”，则执行步骤S208，维持当前最大允许运行转速S0不变。
根据本公开所述的方法，使得当负载量有明显增大、当前冷却容量不足时，可以及时有效地提高压缩机的转速从而增大机组的冷却容量。通过这种调节，一方面能够提高冷凝机组的冷却效率，更好地维持所期望的冷却温度，另一方面还能够避免机器的超时长运行，从而避免可能由此引发的电路故障或安全隐患。
此外，由于压缩机的运行时长、吸气压力以及吸气饱和温度均属于常规的监测参数，不需要在现有冷凝机组的基础上增加额外的监测装置，因此本公开所提供的控制方法是易于实现且节约成本的。
综上所述，根据本公开的控制方法的优点至少包括：能够减少压缩机的不理想的起停循环；节约能量；减少储存物品的冷却温度的波动；调节手段及时且高效；简单易行以及节约成本等。
然而，对于本领域技术人员而言毫无疑问的是，除了采用上述参数作为用于调节压缩机的最大允许运行转速的判定依据以外，还可以设想到采用一个或多个能够直接或间接反映冷凝机组的工作状态的其他参数，比如蒸发温度、冷凝温度、吸气饱和温度等。
此外，除了通过上述调节压缩机最大允许运行转速的方式来实现冷凝机组的容量自适应调节之外，尽管未作详细描述，本公开的方法还可以包括通过调节压缩机最小允许运行转速的方式来实现冷凝机组的容量自适应调节。例如，在压缩机减速至以最小允许运行转速工作时所提供的冷却容量仍大于负载量所需要的冷却容量(压缩机将提前结束运行)的情况下，可以通过适当减小压缩机的最小允许运行转速，来使压缩机在一个工作周期内以更低的转速工作更长的时间。这种调节方式同样既能确保冷凝机组的冷却效率，又能减少能源浪费，而且避免了压缩机频繁的启停循环带来的诸如机器损伤、储存物品温度频繁波动等不利影响。可以设想到，这种控制方式同样可以借助于压缩机运行时长或者是运行时长与其他反映冷凝机组工作状况的参数中的一者或多者的组合来实现。
另外，本领域技术人员应当理解，最大允许运行转速和/或最小允许运行转速的增大或减小的方式可以采用任何合适的方式，例如，可以设想到采用合适的计算等式来将最大允许运行转速增大或减小至适当数值，也可以设想到能够由技术人员根据经验来将最大允许运行转速增大或减小至适当数值，也可以设想到能够通过使最大允许运行转速以预定数值增大或减小来进行调整。
尽管在此已详细描述本公开的具体实施方式，但是应该理解本公开并不局限于这里详细描述和示出的具体实施方式，在不偏离本公开的实质和范围的情况下可由本领域的技术人员实现其它的变型和变体。所有这些变型和变体都落入本公开的范围内。而且，所有在此描述的元素或结构都可以由其他技术性上等同的元素或结构来代替。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种用于变速冷凝机组的容量自适应调节方法，所述变速冷凝机组包括压缩机，所述压缩机设定有最大允许运行转速和/或最小允许运行转速，所述容量自适应调节方法包括以下步骤：
    获取反映所述变速冷凝机组的工作状态的工作参数的数值，
    将所述工作参数的数值与所述工作参数的预定值进行比较，以及
    基于所述工作参数的数值与所述工作参数的预定值的比较结果来调节所述压缩机的最大允许运行转速和/或最小允许运行转速。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的容量自适应调节方法，其中，所述工作参数包括第一参数，所述第一参数为所述压缩机在单个启停周期内的运行时长。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的容量自适应调节方法，所述工作参数还包括第二参数，所述容量自适应调节方法还包括：
    实时获取所述第二参数的数值，
    将所述第二参数的实时值与所述第二参数的预定值进行比较，以及
    基于所述第一参数的比较结果和所述第二参数的比较结果两者来调节所述压缩机的最大允许运行转速。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的容量自适应调节方法，其中，所述第二参数为吸气饱和温度和/或吸气压力。
  5. 一种储存有用于适应性调节压缩机的最大允许运行转速和/或最小允许运行转速的程序的计算机可读介质，其中，所述程序被执行时实现如前述权利要求1至4中任一项所述的容量自适应调节方法中的步骤。
  6. 一种用于变速冷凝机组的容量自适应调节的控制器，所述变速冷凝机组包括压缩机，所述压缩机设定有最大允许运行转速和/或最小允许运行转速，所述控制器包括：
    数据采集单元，所述数据采集单元用于实时从外部监测装置采集与反映所述变速冷凝机组的工作状态的工作参数相关的数据并将所述数据转换为输入信号；
    存储单元，所述存储单元包括如权利要求5所述的计算机可读介质；
    处理单元，所述处理单元接收来自所述数据采集单元的输入信号，并且通过读取并执行所述存储单元中的所述程序而基于所述输入信号确定输出信号以用于调节所述压缩机的最大允许运行转速和/或最小允许运行转速。
  7. 一种变速冷凝机组，其中，所述变速冷凝机组包括如权利要求6所述的控制器。
PCT/CN2019/094290 2018-07-02 2019-07-02 变速冷凝机组、容量自适应调节方法、储存介质和控制器 WO2020007272A1 (zh)

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