WO2019245259A1 - 저압 배전이 적용된 선박 - Google Patents
저압 배전이 적용된 선박 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019245259A1 WO2019245259A1 PCT/KR2019/007326 KR2019007326W WO2019245259A1 WO 2019245259 A1 WO2019245259 A1 WO 2019245259A1 KR 2019007326 W KR2019007326 W KR 2019007326W WO 2019245259 A1 WO2019245259 A1 WO 2019245259A1
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- Prior art keywords
- load
- power
- power system
- switchboard
- generator
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/002—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for goods other than bulk goods
- B63B25/004—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for goods other than bulk goods for containers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/26—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for frozen goods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J3/00—Driving of auxiliaries
- B63J3/04—Driving of auxiliaries from power plant other than propulsion power plant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
- H02J1/12—Parallel operation of dc generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B2241/00—Design characteristics
- B63B2241/20—Designs or arrangements for particular purposes not otherwise provided for in this class
- B63B2241/22—Designs or arrangements for particular purposes not otherwise provided for in this class for providing redundancy to equipment or functionality of a vessel, e.g. for steering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J3/00—Driving of auxiliaries
- B63J2003/001—Driving of auxiliaries characterised by type of power supply, or power transmission, e.g. by using electric power or steam
- B63J2003/002—Driving of auxiliaries characterised by type of power supply, or power transmission, e.g. by using electric power or steam by using electric power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B1/00—Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
- H02B1/24—Circuit arrangements for boards or switchyards
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/10—The dispersed energy generation being of fossil origin, e.g. diesel generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/42—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ships or vessels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vessel to which low-voltage distribution is applied, and more specifically, ship power loads divided into essential loads (Essential, Important Load) and service load (Service Load) are separated into an essential load power system and a service load power system.
- the configuration relates to a vessel employing a power system capable of supplying power to a load via low voltage alternating current or direct current distribution (e.g., 440V).
- Ships are a representative maritime vehicle, and mounting of electric power loads in ships is increasing due to the recent development of ship construction technology and electronic technology.
- In-vehicle power loads include essential and important loads associated with the operation and service loads not associated with the operation.
- the thruster motor is a large-capacity load (approximately 2 MW class) used for the docking / berthing of a large ship. In the case of a normal container ship, two thruster motors are installed in the bow part.
- essential loads include a thruster motor, a fuel oil supply pump, a fuel valve cooling pump, and a service load includes a refrigerated container.
- the essential loads and service loads of these vessels are variable loads whose power consumption varies depending on the driving characteristics such as continuous loads that consume constant power during operation, variable frequency drive (VFD) loads, and refrigerated container loads. It may include.
- VFD variable frequency drive
- the vessel is applied to the AC power supply system, the continuous load and the variable load is mixed and linked to a single power system, the whole system has a very large load capacity.
- a power supply system that generates power at a high pressure and converts it to a low pressure to supply power to a load in order to solve the cable capacity and system capacity limitation due to the high current of a low voltage system.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a system structure of a power supply system for a ship configured as a single system by mixing a continuous load and a variable load according to a conventional embodiment.
- a ship power supply system in which a continuous load and a variable load are mixed in a single power system includes a high pressure power generation unit 10; High pressure switchboard 20; One or more decompression transformers (30) for decompressing the high voltage electrical signal of the high voltage switchboard (20); Low pressure switchboard 40; A load unit 50 in which a continuous load and a variable load are mixed; And emergency switchboard 60.
- the main distribution may be branched to a sub-grid to which the load is connected and the high voltage is applied.
- the high pressure is supplied to the low pressure transformer 30 to reduce the pressure.
- the power supply system of Figure 1 consists of a single power system has a low performance in terms of power generation efficiency.
- the power supply system of FIG. 1 uses a fixed RPM generator that generates power at 70-80% of the load rate.
- the generation capacity of the fixed RPM generator included in the power generation unit 10 is calculated based on the maximum load power of the continuous load, variable load. Therefore, when the required power is lowered compared to the maximum load power in the driving characteristics such as the variable load, the load ratio of the generator is lowered and the power generation efficiency is lowered.
- the container ship may include a refrigerated container which is a typical variable load.
- Large container ships carry approximately 1000 FEU refrigerated containers, with a maximum power consumption of 4.5 to 5 MW.
- the power consumption of refrigerated containers varies depending on the outside temperature and the type of shipment.
- the loading rate of refrigerated containers is around 30-40% of the load stage in the system.
- the low average load ratio of such a refrigerated container leads to a decrease in the load ratio of the entire system in a single power system, which in turn lowers the power generation efficiency of the entire single power system. That is, in the system of FIG. 1, the larger the ratio of the variable load to the total load, the lower the power generation efficiency.
- VFD variable frequency drive
- the power supply system of Figure 1 is configured on the basis of high-voltage distribution, there is a limit to the space utilization of the vessel.
- the power supply process to the load is as follows. 6.6kV generator-> 6.6kV high voltage main switchboard-> 6.6kV / 440V transformer-> 440V low voltage sub-switchboard. That is, the ship power supply system of FIG. 1 generates power at high pressure, and decompresses it at low pressure to supply power to the load.
- FIG. 2 is a view for explaining the internal structure of a conventional ship having the ship power supply system of FIG.
- the vessel 1000 includes an engine room 1030.
- the engine room 1030 includes various engine facilities such as generators, and other facilities connected to the engine facility, and the ECR switchboard room 1005, which is a space in which an engine control room (ECR) and / or a switchboard for controlling the engine is disposed.
- ECR engine control room
- transformer room 1007 which is a space in which the decompression transformer 30 is disposed.
- the power system of FIG. 1 to which the high voltage distribution is partially applied requires a large pressure reducing transformer 40 to supply power to the load. Since high pressure distribution is performed in a ship with a large load, the size of the transformer chamber 1007 in which the decompression transformer 40 is disposed is considerable.
- each of the pressure reducing transformers 40 has a size of 6600/440 VAC, 3400 kVA, 3ph, each having a width (2.6m) x length (2.65m) x height (1.6m).
- eight pressure reducing transformers 40 are installed in the ship, considerable space is utilized as the transformer compartment.
- two spaces on board (engine room) with dimensions of width (13-15 m) ⁇ length (6-8 m) ⁇ height (6-8 m) (e.g. 13.25 m ⁇ 6.06 m ⁇ 6.62 m) It is used as two transformer rooms.
- the available space on board is reduced by the size corresponding to the transformer room.
- the problem of lowering power generation efficiency or lowering space utilization on board may occur not only in container ships but also in other types of vessels such as LNG carriers or LPG carriers.
- the problem of a reduction in power generation efficiency or a problem of lowering utilization of inboard space which can occur in an LNG carrier or an LPG carrier is described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 13 and 21 below.
- Patent Document 1 Korean Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-2017-0118285
- a service load power system such as (e.g., 440V)
- the ship power load divided into the essential load and the service load is divided into the essential load power system and the service load power system, thereby reducing the low-voltage distribution (for example, 440V).
- the LNG carrier can be provided with a power supply system for LNG carriers that can supply power to the load.
- the power load of the LPG carrier divided into essential load and service load is divided into an essential load power system and a service load power system to configure each power system. It is possible to provide a power supply system which belongs to a load rate range having high fuel efficiency or which has a close load rate and an LPG carrier to which the power supply system is applied.
- a vessel having a mandatory load and a service load comprises: a first power system associated with the mandatory load; And a second power system associated with the service load.
- the first power system may include a first load unit including an essential load required for the operation of the first power generation unit, the first switchboard, and the ship.
- the second power system includes a second power generation unit and a second switchboard; And a second load unit including a variable load.
- the first power system and the second power system may include only a low voltage switchgear to which low voltage is applied to supply power to a load.
- the low voltage switchboard may be a voltage of 1000V or less (for example, 440V) in the case of alternating current.
- At least some of the first load portion may be electrically connected to the first switchboard without a transformer.
- At least some of the second load portion may be electrically connected to the second switchboard without a transformer.
- the essential load may include one or more of a thruster motor, an engine fuel supply pump, a lubricating oil pump and a cooling pump.
- the service load may include a refrigerated container.
- At least one of said first power system and said second power system comprises a variable speed RPM generator.
- the first power generation unit may include a fixed RPM generator or a variable speed RPM generator.
- the first power generation unit when the first power generation unit includes a variable speed RPM generator, the first power generation unit receives an alternating current (AC) / direct current (DC) converter for receiving an alternating current (AC) electrical signal and converting it into a direct current (DC) electrical signal.
- the first load unit may further include a direct current (DC) / AC (AC) converter for receiving a direct current (DC) electrical signal and converts it into an alternating current (AC) electrical signal.
- the second power generation unit may include a fixed RPM generator or a variable speed RPM generator.
- the second power generation unit when the second power generation unit includes a variable speed RPM generator, the second power generation unit converts an alternating current (AC) / direct current (DC) converter for receiving an alternating current (AC) electrical signal and converting it into a direct current (DC) electrical signal.
- the second load unit may further include a direct current (DC) / AC (AC) converter for receiving a direct current (DC) electrical signal and converts it into an alternating current (AC) electrical signal.
- the essential load may include one or more of a thruster motor, an engine fuel supply pump, a lubricating oil pump and a cooling pump, and a variable frequency drive based load.
- the second power generation unit when the second power generation unit includes a fixed RPM generator, it may be configured to generate power having a frequency matching the frequency of the second switchboard.
- the second power generation unit may include a plurality of generators, and the second switchboard may include a plurality of buses.
- the vessel generates only one of the plurality of generators in the heavy or low load section
- the second switchboard may be controlled by a closed-bus (closed-bus).
- a vessel having a mandatory load and a service load comprises: a first power system associated with the mandatory load; And a second power system associated with the service load.
- the second power system generates low voltage power to supply power to the service load.
- the second power system may include a service load for service of the second power generation unit, the second switchboard, and the ship.
- the service load includes a refrigeration container.
- the second switchboard is a low pressure switchboard, which is arranged in the engine room of the stern.
- At least a portion of the freezing container may receive power from the second switchboard through a freezing panel located in the bow portion.
- the second power system may be further configured to convert the low voltage power of the second switchgear into high voltage power and transmit the converted high voltage power to the refrigeration panel.
- the second power system Step-up transformer for converting the low voltage power of the second switchboard to high voltage power; And a decompression transformer for converting the high voltage power into the low pressure power and outputting the low voltage power.
- the boost transformer may be arranged in the engine room.
- the decompression transformer may be disposed in an accommodation under space.
- the first power system and the second power system may include a fixed RPM generator.
- a ship having a mandatory load and a service load comprises: a first power system associated with the mandatory load; And a second power system associated with the service load.
- the thruster motor is associated with the second power system.
- the second power system may include a second power generation unit, a second switchboard, a service load for service of the ship, the thruster motor, and a switching unit disposed between the service load and the thruster motor.
- the switching unit may be configured to interlock for power supply to the service load or thruster motor in the second switchboard.
- the switching unit when the thruster motor operates, the second power generation unit may be switched to supply power to the thruster motor through the second switchboard.
- the switching unit when the thruster motor does not operate, the second power generation unit may be switched to supply power to the service load through the second switchboard.
- the vessel Preferably, the vessel, a boost transformer disposed between the second switchboard and the switching unit; And a decompression transformer disposed between the switching unit and the service load.
- the first power system and the second power system may include a fixed RPM generator.
- the second power generation unit may include a variable speed RPM generator.
- the apparatus may further include a power converter for matching the frequency of the power received from the variable speed RPM generator with the frequency of the second switchboard.
- an LNG carrier having a mandatory load and a service load comprises: a first power system associated with the mandatory load; And a second power system associated with the service load.
- the first power system may include a first load unit including a first power generation unit, a first switchboard, and a continuous load required for the operation of the ship.
- the second power system includes a second power generation unit and a second switchboard; And a second load unit including a variable load.
- the first power system and the second power system may include only a low voltage switchgear to which low voltage is applied to supply power to a load.
- the first power system and the second power system may include a fixed RPM generator.
- the first power system may include a fixed RPM generator
- the second power system may include a variable RPM generator.
- the second power system may further include a power converter for matching the frequency of the electrical signal received from the variable RPM generator with the frequency of the second switchboard.
- the second power system AC (AC) / DC (DC) converter for converting the AC (AC) electrical signal output from the power generation unit into a direct current (DC) electrical signal;
- a direct current (DC) / alternating current (AC) inverter for converting the direct current (DC) electric signal into an alternating current (AC) electric signal.
- At least the second power system may include a high voltage switchgear to which high pressure is applied to supply power to the load.
- the first power system and the second power system may include a fixed RPM generator.
- the first power system may include a fixed RPM generator
- the second power system may include a variable RPM generator.
- an LNG carrier having a mandatory load and a service load comprises: a first power system associated with the mandatory load; And a second power system associated with the service load.
- the thruster motor is associated with the second power system.
- the LNG carrier may further include: a switching unit configured to switch to transfer power generated in the first power system to the thruster motor of the second power system.
- the switching unit is configured to switch to transfer the power generated in the first power system to the thruster motor of the second power system when the thruster motor starts to operate.
- the switching unit is configured to switch to transfer the power generated in the first power system to the essential load when the thruster motor ends the operation.
- the switching unit may include a single pole double throw (SPDT).
- SPDT single pole double throw
- the first power system may be configured to perform low voltage distribution
- the second power system may be configured to perform high voltage distribution
- the LNG carrier may further include a transformer that receives the low voltage electric signal from the switching unit and boosts the voltage to a high voltage electric signal.
- an LPG carrier having a mandatory load and a service load comprises: a first power system associated with the mandatory load of the LPG carrier; And a second power system associated with a service load of the LPG carrier separated from the first power system.
- the first power system may include an essential load required for the operation of the first power generation unit, the first switchboard, and the LPG carrier.
- the second power system may include a second power generation unit, a second switchgear, and a service load used for LPG transportation.
- the power generation unit may include a fixed RPM generator.
- the second power generation unit may include a variable RPM generator.
- variable RPM generator is controlled to the RPM corresponding to the load section, which is set in advance based on the service load, when the second load unit has a load section that varies for each time zone.
- the second power generation unit may further include an AC / AC converter configured to convert a frequency of an AC electrical signal generated in the variable RPM generator into a specific frequency of the second switchboard. have.
- the second power generation unit may further include an alternating current (AC) / direct current (DC) converter for receiving an alternating current (AC) electrical signal generated by the variable RPM generator and converting the electrical power into a direct current (DC) electrical signal.
- the second load unit may further include a direct current (DC) / alternating current (AC) inverter that receives a direct current (DC) electric signal of the alternating current (AC) / direct current (DC) converter and converts it into an alternating current (AC) electric signal. It may include.
- the service load is a cargo compressor, a cargo pump, a cargo spray pump, a stripping pump, a depp well pump, and a booster pump. It may include one or more of (Booster Pump).
- an LPG carrier having a mandatory load and a service load comprises: a first power system associated with the mandatory load of the LPG carrier; A second power system associated with the service load of the LPG carrier; A redundancy unit for supplying power from the power system in which the accident does not occur to the load part of the power system in which the accident occurs; And a control unit configured to monitor an electric signal of the first power system or the second power system, determine an accident power system based on the monitoring result, and supply power to the load unit of the power system in which the accident occurs from the power system in which the accident does not occur. It may include.
- the second power system may include a first load unit including a first power generation unit including a plurality of generators, a first switchboard, and an essential load required for the operation of the LPG carrier.
- a first load unit including a first power generation unit including a plurality of generators, a first switchboard, and an essential load required for the operation of the LPG carrier.
- at least one of the plurality of generators may be a standby generator, which does not operate during normal sailing.
- the second power system may include a second power generation unit, a second distribution board, and a second load unit including a service load.
- control unit is configured to enable power supply from the standby generator to the second load unit when detecting the occurrence of an accident of the generator in the second power system.
- the redundancy is configured to enable power supply from the standby generator of the first power system to the service load of the second power system.
- the redundancy unit may include a bus linking switch configured to transfer power of the standby generator to the second switchboard.
- the duplexing unit may include a single pole double throw (SPDT).
- SPDT is configured to connect a first path traveling from the standby generator to the first switchboard, or a second path traveling from the standby generator to the second switchboard.
- the duplexing unit may include a single pole double throw (SPDT).
- the second power generation unit further includes an AC (AC) / DC (DC) converter for receiving an AC (AC) electrical signal generated by the variable RPM generator and converts it into a DC (DC) electrical signal
- the SPDT is standby And connect a first path from the generator to the first switchboard, or a second path from the standby generator to the alternating current (AC) / direct current (DC) converter.
- the service load includes a cargo compressor, a cargo pump, a cargo spray pump, a stripping pump, a depp well pump, and a booster pump. It may include one or more of (Booster Pump).
- the low-voltage power distribution-based power system having a vessel is divided into an essential load power system and a service load power system according to the load characteristics.
- the essential load power system includes the essential loads necessary for the operation of the ship (eg thrust motors, engine lubricating oil pump motors, etc.), and most of the required loads correspond to continuous loads.
- Service load The power system is not essential to the operation of the ship, but includes the loads associated with providing service by the ship (eg loads for storing cargo such as refrigerated containers, etc.), and most of the service loads are variable loads. .
- This load separation reduces the capacity of each power system compared to the existing single grid, enabling the use of low-voltage switchboards to supply power to each power system.
- the high voltage distribution is not required, and the existing high voltage distribution panel and the large capacity pressure reducing transformer are not required.
- the space previously provided for the decompression transformer ie the transformer compartment
- the decompression transformer is located in an engine room with high equipment density, which greatly affects onboard space utilization.
- each power system may have an independent system configuration.
- the generator type, voltage for distribution or electrical signal type of each power system can be configured and operated independently.
- the system is configured to configure and operate a generator optimized for load characteristics so as to have a high power generation efficiency.
- a fixed RPM generator is installed in a power system mainly including a continuous load
- a variable speed RPM generator is installed in a power system mainly including a variable load to supply power.
- a variable load power generation efficiency in which a generator having a power generation capacity showing an optimum efficiency for continuous load power supply is installed in a mandatory load power system and operated at a fixed RPM, and the load ratio is changed in the service load power system. Install a variable speed RPM generator to optimize the performance.
- the average load rate is 30-40% of the total load stage in the system.
- the amount of fuel consumed to generate 1 km / h of power based on a 35% load rate is reduced from approximately 216 g to approximately 190 g. That is, the container ship according to the present invention can improve fuel consumption of approximately 13%.
- variable speed RPM generator and a variable frequency drive (VFD) based load included in the required load stage may be linked by installing a variable speed RPM generator in the essential load power system.
- the power distribution system in each power system may be configured to enable low voltage DC distribution and / or low voltage AC distribution. That is, unlike the conventional power supply system in which DC distribution is difficult, the distribution type may be freely set, and thus flexible power supply may be possible according to characteristics of the power generation unit and the load.
- the marine power supply system may supply power to a power system including a variable load using a fixed RPM generator. Due to the use of the fixed RPM generator, the cost of the generator is reduced, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power converter required when applying a variable speed generator is not required.
- the marine power supply system can efficiently perform long distance power supply from a low pressure switchgear in an engine room located at the stern to a refrigeration panel located at the fore using a boost transformer.
- the service load in the power supply of the thruster motor 152 located in the bow portion and operated only at the entry / departure time, the service load is configured to distribute the service loads of the bow portion to supply power to the refrigeration container. By supplying from the power system, it is possible to reduce the generating capacity of the essential load power system.
- the low-voltage power distribution-based power system of the LNG carrier is divided into an essential load power system and a service load power system according to the load characteristics.
- Essential load The power system includes the essential loads associated with the operation of the LNG Carrier (eg thrust motors, propulsion motors, engine lubricating oil pump motors, etc.), and most of the essential loads are continuous loads.
- Service load power systems are not essential to the operation of LNG carriers, but include loads associated with providing services by LNG carriers (eg, Cargo Pumps, HD Compressors, LD Compressors, Vaporizers, etc.) Most of the service loads are variable loads.
- This load separation reduces the capacity of each power grid compared to a single single grid, so that only low-voltage distribution can supply power to each load in the power grid. Therefore, high pressure distribution is not necessary, and a large capacity pressure reducing transformer for reducing the high pressure to low pressure is not required. By not using a pressure reducing transformer, cost savings can be achieved in terms of capital expenditures (CAPEX).
- the space previously provided for the decompression transformer ie the transformer compartment
- the decompression transformer is located in an engine room with high equipment density, which greatly affects onboard space utilization.
- each power system may have an independent system configuration.
- the generator type, voltage for distribution or electrical signal type of each power system can be configured and operated independently.
- the system is configured to configure and operate a generator optimized for load characteristics so as to have a high power generation efficiency.
- a fixed RPM generator more suitable for continuous load power supply is installed to operate at a fixed RPM so as to have a power generation capacity that shows optimum efficiency for continuous load power supply.
- the power system includes a variable RPM generator that is more suitable for variable load power supply, and operates at a variable RPM having optimum efficiency for variable load power supply.
- the amount of fuel consumed in the LNG carrier can be reduced.
- the system can also supply power to a power system that mainly includes variable loads using a fixed RPM generator. Due to the use of the fixed RPM generator, the cost of the generator is reduced, it is possible to obtain the effect that the power converter required when applying a variable speed generator is not required.
- the power distribution system in each power system may be configured to enable low voltage DC distribution and / or low voltage AC distribution. That is, unlike the conventional power supply system in which DC distribution is difficult, the distribution type can be freely set, and flexible power supply may be possible according to the characteristics of the power generation unit and the load.
- the system is configured to provide power to a thruster motor, located in the bow and operating only at entry / departure, in the service load power system. As a result, it is possible to reduce the generating capacity of the essential load power system.
- the LPG carrier has a low-voltage distribution-based power system is divided into a mandatory load power system and a service load power system according to the load characteristics.
- Mandatory power system includes the mandatory loads associated with the operation of LPG carriers (eg cooling pumps, engine lubricating oil pump motors, ballast pumps, etc.), most of which are continuous loads.
- Service loads The power system is not essential for the operation of LPG carriers, but includes the loads associated with providing service by LPG carriers (eg cargo compressors, cargo spray pumps, strip pumps, etc.), and most of the service loads are variable loads.
- This load separation reduces the capacity of each power system compared to the existing single system, reducing the capacity of the generator (or engine) in the required load power system. This reduces the cost of generator equipment and increases the space utilization in the engine room.
- each power system is in the load rate range which has the high fuel efficiency or has a load rate value close to.
- the power supply system can obtain improved power generation efficiency compared to a single grid structure.
- each separated power system may have an independent system configuration.
- the mandatory load power system with many continuous loads is configured to include a fixed RPM generator
- the service load power system with many variable loads includes a variable RPM generator. Due to the application of the generator in consideration of such load characteristics, the power supply system has a high fuel efficiency (especially in the heavy load / low load section of the service load power system).
- the service load power system may be configured to allow partial direct current distribution.
- the separate power grids may be further configured to be connected via a connection element (eg, a bus-tie breaker or a single pole double throw, or SPDT).
- a connection element eg, a bus-tie breaker or a single pole double throw, or SPDT.
- connection element when configured to be connected in the event of a generator load of the service load power system, LPG can be safely transported by controlling the temperature, pressure, etc. of the cargo tank (Cargo Tank) storing the LPG.
- cargo tank Cargo Tank
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a system structure of a power supply system for a ship configured as a single system by mixing a continuous load and a variable load according to a conventional embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a view for explaining the internal structure of a conventional vessel having a high-voltage power distribution-based single power system of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic system structure diagram of a marine power supply system including a separate power system in an embodiment according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a relationship between the load ratio of the load stage in the power system and the fuel consumption of the generator to power the load stage.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic system structure diagram of a ship power supply system in which an essential load power system is AC distribution and a service load power system is DC distribution in one embodiment according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic system structure diagram of a ship power supply system in which an essential load power system is DC distribution and a service load power system is AC distribution in another embodiment according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic system structure diagram of a marine power supply system in which an essential load power system and a service load power system are configured as direct current distribution in another embodiment according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic system structure diagram of a marine power supply system in which an essential load power system and a service load power system are configured as fixed RPM based AC power distribution in another embodiment according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic system structure diagram of a ship power supply system for utilizing a space of an existing transformer room for other purposes than container shipping in another embodiment according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a side structural view of a container ship in which the boosting transformer and the pressure reducing transformer of FIG. 9 are disposed.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic system structure diagram of a marine power supply system including a separate power system in an embodiment according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic system structural diagram of a marine power supply system including a separate power system in another embodiment according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a system structure diagram of an LNG carrier power supply system configured as a single system by mixing essential loads and service loads according to another exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a view for explaining the internal structure of a conventional LNG carrier having the power supply system for LNG carrier of FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic system structure diagram of a power supply system for an LNG carrier including a separate power system in an embodiment according to the second aspect of the present invention.
- 16 is a schematic system structure diagram of an LNG carrier power supply system configured to have a variable RPM generator in a service load power system in an embodiment according to the second aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a load rate of a load stage in a power system and a fuel consumption of a generator for powering the load stage.
- the mandatory load power system is configured to perform alternating current distribution with a fixed RPM generator, and the service load power system has a variable RPM generator and partially direct current distribution.
- 19 is a schematic system structure diagram of a power supply system of an LNG carrier including a separate power system in another embodiment according to the second aspect of the present invention.
- 20 is a schematic system structure diagram of a power supply system of an LNG carrier including a separate power system in another embodiment according to the second aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a system structure of an LPG carrier power supply system configured as a single system by mixing a continuous load and a variable load according to another conventional embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic system structural diagram of an LPG carrier power supply system including a separate power system in an embodiment according to the third aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic system structure diagram of an LPG carrier power supply system configured to have a variable RPM generator in a service load power system according to an embodiment according to the third aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a load ratio of a load stage in a power system and a fuel consumption of a generator for powering the load stage.
- the mandatory load power system is configured to perform alternating current distribution with a fixed RPM generator, and the service load power system has a variable RPM generator and partially direct current distribution.
- FIG. 26 is a schematic system structure diagram of an LPG carrier power supply system further configured to be distributed to a service load in an emergency according to an embodiment according to the third aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic system structure diagram of a power supply system for an LPG carrier, which is further configured to be distributed to a service load in an emergency according to another embodiment according to the third aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram of a power supply system for an LPG carrier, in an embodiment according to a third aspect of the present invention, further configured to be capable of power distribution with a service load configured to perform DC distribution partially with a variable RPM generator in an emergency;
- Marine power supply system 200 service load power system
- switch 214 AC / AC converter
- switching unit 221 DC main bus
- switchboard 226 DC (AC) / AC (AC) inverter
- bus breaker 231 bus breaker 231
- 232 main bus
- thruster motor 250 service load
- step-up transformer 256 DC (AC) / AC (AC) inverter
- transformer 261 step-up transformer
- a vessel is a vessel including essential loads essential for the operation of the vessel and a service load additionally used for functions other than the operation, and refers to various vessels such as container ships, fuel carriers, passenger ships, and the like.
- the present invention will be described centering on container ships, LNG carriers, LPG carriers, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to this type of vessel.
- the separation of the load system into the essential load system and the service load system means that the essential load and the service load are not mixed in the same system, such as being powered through the same switchboard.
- Each separate grid is included and configured to be powered by a different main switchboard. Separation of the load grid is not permanent, and different load grids can be connected by any component that can be electrically connected between the power supply components (e.g., an SPDT switch, or a bus-tie breaker, etc.). have.
- Embodiments herein relate to the power system of a ship.
- DC low voltage is set to 1500V or less in the international regulations
- AC low pressure is set to 1000V or less. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the term "low pressure" is used in this specification to 1500V or less for DC and 1000V or less for AC. Refers to the applicable voltage.
- Marine power supply system is composed of a power system is divided into a mandatory load power system mainly including an essential load, and a service load power system mainly including a service load.
- the separation of the system reduces the load capacity of each power system compared to a single power system, enabling low voltage distribution.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic system structure diagram of a marine power supply system including a separate power system in an embodiment according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the marine power supply system 1 includes one or more power systems 100, 200, and the like.
- the power system 100 includes a power generation unit 110, a distribution panel 130 including a main distribution panel, and an essential load unit 150 including an essential load.
- the power system 200 includes a power generation unit 210, a distribution board 230 including a main distribution board, and a service load unit 250 including a service load.
- the ship power supply system 1 may further include a controller (not shown) for monitoring the state of the power system and controlling the power supply.
- the controller may include one or more of a power management system (PMS), an energy management system (EMS), and an energy power management system (EPMS).
- PMS power management system
- EMS energy management system
- EPMS energy power management system
- the ship power supply system 1 is described as including two power systems 100 and 200, but is not to be construed as limited thereto.
- a detailed description of the two components is represented by representing a detailed description of the one component.
- the ship power supply system 1 is configured in a state in which a power system is separated for each of an essential load and a service load.
- the essential load and the service load do not share the same switchboard.
- the power generation unit 110 supplies power to the essential load unit 150 through the switchboard 130 so that the load of the essential load unit 150 consumes and drives power.
- the generator 110 outputs an alternating current electrical signal, and includes a plurality of generators (eg, generators 111 and 112 in Fig. 3.
- the properties and power generation capacity of the generators 111 and 112 depend on the load. For example, an alternator can be used when the motor load for the ship's operation is a constant output load, and when the capacity of the generator is 85% and the load capacity is 1MW, the generator's generating capacity is about 1.2MW. Can be.
- the power supply system 1 may be a standby generator (eg, included in the required load power system 100).
- 112 is configured to supply power to the required load 150.
- the generators 111 and 112 may include, but are not limited to, a diesel generator, a combined fuel generator, a gas fuel generator, a gas turbine, and the like.
- the power generation unit 110 may further include one or more switches, and / or disconnectors for power supply control according to a situation.
- the ship power supply system 1 may further include two switches 113A and 113B when the two generators 111 and 112 are included.
- the switch and / or disconnector is not an expensive high voltage power connection device, but a low voltage power connection device.
- the switchboard 130 power is supplied to the AC.
- the switchboard 130 may include a main switchboard of the power system 100.
- the main switchboard is composed of a bus cable, in which case the bus cable may be referred to as a main bus.
- switchboard 130 may include a plurality of bus cables.
- the switchboard 130 may include a plurality of bus cables, such as a main bus 131 electrically connected to the generator 111 and a main bus 132 electrically connected to the generator 112.
- the switchboard 130 is electrically connected to the plurality of main buses 131 and 132 as usual, but further includes a bus tie breaker 133 that is electrically disconnected in case of emergency and / or accident. can do.
- Low voltage can be applied to the switchboard 130, the power system 100 is capable of low voltage distribution.
- an AC voltage of 440 V is applied to the main bus 131 and the main bus 132 of FIG. 3 to supply power to the load.
- Components of the power system 100 may be electrically connected to interact.
- the ship power supply system 1 may supply power to the essential load using a power supply line that electrically connects the power generation unit 110 to the essential load unit 150 through the switchboard 130.
- the essential load 150 of the power system 100 includes an essential load that is essentially required for operation of the ship.
- the essential load is essentially required for the essential load and the ship operation defined by the ship regulation, but the quasi-mandatory load is not included in the essential load according to the ship regulation.
- essential load eg, an important load.
- the essential load used for the operation of the container ship may include, but is not limited to, a thruster motor 152, a lubricating oil pump, an engine fuel supply pump, a cooling pump, and the like. Most of the essential loads included in the essential load unit 150 correspond to continuous loads in which the load rate hardly changes.
- the mandatory load unit 150 may further include a variable frequency drive (VFD) based load.
- VFD variable frequency drive
- a variable frequency control-based load is an essential load that optimizes the power consumption of the load stage according to the operating characteristics, such as a central cooling system.
- a VFD load is a cooling pump configured to control the temperature of the cooling water.
- Essential loads configured to control temperature, pressure, and the like.
- the switchboard 130 is configured to perform low voltage distribution.
- at least some of the required loads can be electrically connected directly and powered without the need for a separate transformer.
- the required load 150 may be a power supply line (not shown) for electrically connecting the thruster motor 152 from the switchboard 130, and to supply the power to the thruster motor 152 more efficiently.
- a booster transformer 153 may be further included.
- the thruster motor 152 is a motor used for the teeth of the ship.
- the thruster motor 152 is a large load that consumes a large amount of power compared to other continuous loads.
- the thruster motors 152A and 152B of FIG. 3 have a load capacity of about 2 MW. For this reason, when power is supplied by the low voltage switchgear 130 to which a low voltage such as 440 V is applied, 8 to 10 strands of cable 270A having a cross section of 150 SQMM should be laid, and the installation of the power supply line in the vessel 1000 may not be easy. Can be.
- the power supply line is a component that electrically connects the switchboard 130 to the thruster motor 152.
- the power supply line may be a cable.
- the boost transformer 153 is a transformer for boosting the low voltage supplied from the switchboard 130, and the output voltage of the boost transformer 153 is configured to correspond to the driving voltage of the thruster motor 152.
- the boost transformer 153 is a different transformer from the pressure reducing transformer 40 of FIG. 1, so that the output voltage of the boost transformer 153 has a voltage higher than that of the switchboard 130, but still outputs a low voltage of 1500V or less. It is composed.
- the voltage is increased from low voltage to high voltage by the boost transformer 153, and the current magnitude in the corresponding power supply line is reduced by the boost transformer 153.
- the voltage drop is improved to reduce the cross-sectional area of the cable and / or the number of strands.
- the cross-sectional area of the cable may be 50SQMM, and in another embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the cable may be 50SQMM to 75SQMM.
- the ship power supply system 1 may supply power to the thruster motor 152 using one strand of cable.
- the boost transformer 153 As a result, in the case where the boost transformer 153 is not included in FIG. 3, 8 to 10 strands are required for a cable having a cross-sectional area of 150 SQMM. However, when the boost transformer 153 is used as shown in FIG. The strands also provide power to the 2MW thruster motor 152 with a load capacity.
- the mandatory load unit 150 may further include one or more lower switchboards 154 that supply power to a voltage lower than the voltage of the switchboard 130 (eg, 220V).
- the essential load unit 150 may further include a transformer 155 disposed between the switchboard 130 and the lower switchboard 154 to reduce the voltage.
- the mandatory load 150 includes a transformer 155A between the switchboard 130 (eg, 450V applied) and the lower switchboards 154A, 154B (eg, 220V applied). , 155B).
- the transformer of the essential load 150 is a small transformer having a smaller capacity than the transformer of FIG. 1. Thus, there is an advantage in transformer installation cost and space utilization.
- the power system 100 may further include an emergency switchboard 160 including an emergency generator for supplying power in an emergency situation such as black out and a load operating at this time.
- the emergency switchboard 160 may include shore power, emergency load, and the like.
- the components and operation of power system 200 are substantially similar to the components and operation of power system 100.
- the switchboard 230 is also configured to perform low pressure distribution. Therefore, the power system 200 will be described based mainly on differences from the power system 100.
- the service load unit 250 of the power system 200 includes a service load additionally used in addition to the operation of the ship.
- the variable load unit 250 may further include one or more lower switchboards (not shown) for supplying power at a lower voltage than the switchboard 230.
- the service load includes a load for storing a shipment used to store a shipment, a load for a user convenience used for the convenience of a passenger of a ship.
- the service load unit 250 includes, but is not limited to, a refrigerated container in which ship cargo is stored.
- the freezing container is configured such that the storage temperature changes with time. For this reason, most of the service loads correspond to variable loads with a variable load rate.
- each separated power system 100, 200 of the LPG carrier power supply system 1 has an independent system configuration, such that the power system 100, 200 may be configured in various or different ways depending on the design purpose. Can be.
- each power system 100, 200 is configured to configure and operate a generator that is primarily optimized for the type of load included.
- the required load power system 100 may include a fixed RPM generator
- the service load power system 200 may include a variable speed RPM generator.
- the generators 111 and 112 of the mandatory load power system in FIG. 3 may be a fixed RPM generator
- the generators 211 and 212 of the service load power system 200 may be variable speed RPM generators.
- the fixed RPM generator is operated to operate in the optimum efficiency section.
- the generators 111 and 112 of FIG. 3 are configured to operate in an optimum efficiency interval (ie, a load factor range of 75 to 85%).
- the power load of the LNG carrier is mixed in a single grid, resulting in a load section having a low load ratio of the entire system due to the variable load. As a result, the power generation efficiency of the fixed RPM power generation is lowered.
- variable speed RPM generator capable of variable speed operation is operated in accordance with the load rate variation.
- the generator rotational speed is controlled by the RPM having the optimum power generation efficiency for each load section through the variable speed RPM generator of the variable load power system
- the electric power is applied to the variable load as compared to the case where the continuous load and the variable load are mixed in a single system. It can improve the fuel efficiency of the generator to supply.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a relationship between the load ratio of the load stage in the power system and the fuel consumption of the generator to power the load stage.
- the conventional single power system uses a fixed RPM generator to power a variable load (eg, a refrigerated container).
- the load factor of the entire refrigerated container averages 30-40% of the maximum power requirements.
- it consumes approximately 216 g / kwh of fuel based on a 35% load rate (point P F of FIG. 4).
- it is possible to supply power to the variable load by using a variable speed RPM generator.
- a variable speed RPM generator When power is supplied using a variable speed RPM generator as in one embodiment of the present invention, it consumes approximately 190 g / kwh of fuel based on the same 35% load rate (point P V of FIG. 4).
- the power supply system 1 of FIG. 3 has an effect of improving fuel consumption by approximately 13% in generating the same power.
- the power generation efficiency may be further improved by controlling the generator rotation speed with RPM having an optimal power generation efficiency for each load section.
- the low load section L1 is a section having a load rate of 10 to 40% and has a fuel consumption of approximately 285 to 210 g / kwh.
- the heavy load section L2 is a section with a load ratio of 40 to 60% and has a fuel consumption of approximately 210 to 194 g / kwh.
- the high load section L3 represents a section having a load ratio of 80 to 100%, and has a fuel consumption of approximately 185 to 190 g / kwh.
- the power supply system 1 of FIG. 3 has a fuel consumption similar to that of the power supply system of FIG. 1 in the high load section L3. However, in the low load section L1, the fuel consumption rate per kwh is improved by about 6 to 10%, and in the heavy load section L2, the fuel consumption per kwh is improved by about 10 to 35%.
- variable speed RPM generator of the service power system 200 of FIG. 3 may control the RPM based on the load ratio of each load section, thereby improving power generation efficiency of the power generation unit 210.
- the switchboard 230 may be configured to have a specific frequency (eg, 50 Hz or 60 Hz).
- the power generation unit 210 generates AC power based on the load ratio of each load section, and alternating current (AC) electric signal having a frequency (eg, 50 Hz or 60 Hz) matching the frequency of the switchboard 230. It is configured to output.
- AC alternating current
- the power generation unit 210 includes an alternating current (AC) / AC (AC) converter (not shown) located between the generator 211 and the switchboard 230.
- the AC / AC converter (not shown) is configured to convert the frequency of the alternating current (AC) electrical signal generated by the variable RPM generator into a specific frequency (eg, 50 Hz or 60 Hz) of the switchboard 230.
- the power generation unit 210 may output an alternating current (AC) electric signal having a specific frequency of the switchboard 230.
- the essential load unit 150 may include a variable frequency drive (VFD) based load that controls temperature, pressure, cooling water, and the like in relation to the operation of the ship.
- VFD variable frequency drive
- the load rate of the variable frequency control-based load may be changed to control the temperature, the pressure coolant, and the like. For this reason, the variable frequency control-based load has various load sections according to the operating characteristics of the ship.
- variable speed RPM generator may also be included in the mandatory power system 100.
- the vessel to which the ship power supply system 1 is applied is not a container vessel, the proportion of the variable load in the service load may be relatively reduced.
- the essential load power system 100 may be treated as a variable load power system by a relative relationship.
- variable speed RPM generator When the power supply is performed by the variable speed RPM generator in the required load power system 100, the variable speed RPM generator is associated with a variable frequency drive (VFD) based load of the required load unit 150.
- VFD variable frequency drive
- variable load is variable as compared to the case where the continuous load and the variable load are mixed in a single system. It is possible to improve the fuel efficiency of the generator that powers the load. As it is similar to the embodiment of the service load power system 200 described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the power distribution system in each of the power systems 100 and 200 may be configured to enable low voltage DC distribution and / or low voltage AC distribution.
- the load in the ship when the load in the ship has an alternating voltage as the rated voltage, it is composed of a partial distribution structure in which direct current distribution is performed in the distribution panel part.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic system structure diagram of a ship power supply system in which an essential load power system is AC distribution and a service load power system is DC distribution in one embodiment according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the DC load is further configured in the service load power system 200.
- the generators 111 and 112 may be fixed RPM generators, and the generators 211 and 212 may be variable speed RPM generators.
- the power generation unit 210 further includes an alternating current (AC) / direct current (DC) converter 216 for receiving and converting an alternating current (AC) electrical signal into a direct current (DC) electrical signal.
- the load unit may further include a direct current (DC) / alternating current (AC) converter 256 for receiving a direct current (DC) electrical signal and converting the signal into an alternating current (AC) electrical signal.
- the power system 200 includes two generators 211 and 212, two alternating currents (AC) electrically connecting the generators 211 and 212 and the switchboard 230. And a plurality of direct current (DC) converters 216A and 216B, respectively, and a plurality of direct current (DC) / AC (AC) converters 256A to 256D to electrically connect the switchboard 230 and each service load. can do.
- the alternating current (AC) / direct current (DC) converter 216 and the direct current (DC) / alternating current (AC) converter 256 the DC power distribution is possible in the power distribution board 230 in the power system 200 .
- the voltage applied to the switchboard 230 in the service load power system 200 is set for proper DC distribution, and may be different from the voltage applied to the switchboard 130 in the essential load power system 100. For example, a voltage of 440V is applied to the switchboard 130, but a voltage of 690V may be applied to the switchboard 230 in which partial DC distribution is performed.
- the power supply system 1 the mandatory load power system may be composed of a fixed RPM generator-based AC distribution
- the service load power system may be of a variable RPM generator-based DC or AC distribution.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic system structure diagram of a ship power supply system in which an essential load power system is DC distribution and a service load power system is AC distribution in another embodiment according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the DC load is further configured in the essential load power system 100.
- the generators 111 and 112 may be variable speed RPM generators, and the generators 211 and 212 may be fixed RPM generators.
- the power generation unit 110 further includes an alternating current (AC) / direct current (DC) converter 116 that receives an alternating current (AC) electrical signal and converts it into a direct current (DC) electrical signal.
- the load unit may further include a direct current (DC) / alternating current (AC) converter 156 for receiving a direct current (DC) electrical signal and converting the signal into an alternating current (AC) electrical signal.
- the power system 100 when the power system 100 includes two generators 111 and 112, two alternating currents (AC) electrically connecting the generators 111 and 112 and the switchboard 130. And a plurality of direct current (DC) converters 116A and 116B, respectively, and a plurality of direct current (DC) / alternating current (AC) converters 156A to 156M electrically connecting between the switchboard 130 and each of the required loads. can do.
- the alternating current (AC) / direct current (DC) converter 116 and the direct current (DC) / AC (AC) converter 156 direct current power distribution is possible in the power distribution panel 130 in the power system 100 .
- the power supply system 1, the mandatory load power system 100 may be configured as a variable RPM generator based AC or DC distribution
- the service load power system 200 is a fixed RPM generator based AC distribution.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic system structure diagram of a marine power supply system in which an essential load power system and a service load power system are configured as direct current distribution in another embodiment according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- both the essential load power system 100 and the service load power system 200 may be configured to enable direct current distribution.
- the service load power system 200 is similar to the service load power system 200 of FIG. 5, and the essential load power system 100 is similar to the structure of the essential load power system 100 of FIG. 6. Description is omitted.
- power systems 100 and 200 may be configured to be efficient in terms of component supply.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic system structure diagram of a marine power supply system in which an essential load power system and a service load power system are configured as fixed RPM based AC power distribution in another embodiment according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the ship power supply system 1 is a power supply unit 110 of the essential load power system 100 and the power generation unit 210 of the service load power system 200 to operate at a fixed RPM in terms of component supply to generate power Can be configured.
- the service load power system 200 includes a power generation unit 210, a low voltage switchgear 230, and a service load unit 250.
- the frequency of the switchboard 230 is a specific frequency (for example, 50 Hz or 60 Hz).
- the switchboard 230 may include a plurality of buses.
- the switchboard 230 includes two buses 231 and 232 as shown in FIG.
- the switchboard 230 is electrically connected to the plurality of main buses 231 and 232 as usual, but further includes a bus tie breaker 233 in which electrical connection is cut off in an emergency and / or accident. can do.
- the power generation unit 210 is configured to generate power having a frequency (eg, 50 Hz or 60 Hz) matching the frequency of the switchboard 230.
- the power generation unit 210 may include a fixed RPM generator for driving at a fixed RPM for a frequency matching the frequency of the switchboard 230.
- the power generation unit 210 may include a plurality of fixed RPM generators 211 and 212.
- the power generation capacity of the fixed RPM generators 211 and 212 may be greater than or equal to the power capacity of the service load 250.
- the fixed RPM generator 211 or 212 has a power generation capacity sufficient to supply power to the service load power system 200 in a heavy load or low load section.
- the service load unit 250 may include a load (eg, a refrigerated container) in which the load rate does not change rapidly.
- the ship power supply system 1 allows the service load power system 200 to operate the buses 231 and 232 as a closed bus in a heavy load or low load section, thereby generating one of two generators. Supplies power to the service load unit 250.
- the service load power system 200 may further include one or more power transfer components between the switchboard 230 and the service load 250 to supply power of the low voltage switchboard 230 to the service load 250. Can be.
- the power transfer component may include, for example, a transformer, an intermediate terminal box (J / B, junction box), etc., but is not limited thereto, and includes a conventional fixed RPM generator as shown in FIG. 8.
- the power system may include various power delivery components that connect between the low voltage switchboard and the load.
- the service load power system 200 does not require additional power devices (eg, power converters) for frequency matching between the low voltage switchgear and the power generation unit.
- additional power devices eg, power converters
- the distribution board 230 low-voltage alternating current (AC) distribution may be performed.
- the generator 211 or 212 of the service load power system 200 is a variable RPM generator, and may generate power having a frequency in a variable frequency range (for example, 37 Hz to 60 Hz) according to the speed.
- a specific frequency for example, 50Hz or 60Hz
- the variable RPM generator 211 the frequency of the power output from the power generation unit 210 for frequency matching is the frequency of the switchboard 230.
- a power converter eg, a matrix converter
- the price of a variable RPM generator is typically higher than the price of a fixed RPM generator.
- the service load power system 200 of FIG. 8 maintains the advantages of low voltage distribution and at the same time, additional power devices (eg, for frequency matching of the low voltage switchgear 230 and the variable RPM generator 210) required for applying a variable speed generator.
- additional power devices eg, for frequency matching of the low voltage switchgear 230 and the variable RPM generator 210 required for applying a variable speed generator.
- a low-voltage distribution-based power supply system can be built on a ship at lower cost.
- a part of the service load power system 200 can be configured based on a fixed RPM generation standard that can be supplied in the existing, and there is ease of design.
- the power system is separated into a mandatory load power system and a service load power system according to the characteristics of the ship power load.
- the size of individual power systems is reduced compared to a single power system. For example, when a single power system having a power capacity of 14 MW is separated into a mandatory load power system 100 at 9 MW and a service load power system 200 at 5 MW as shown in FIG. 3, the size of the individual power system is 14 MW. To 9MW and 14MW to 5MW respectively.
- a low voltage (eg, 440V) is applied to the power supply through the main switchboard. This no longer requires the large-capacity pressure reducing transformer 40 of FIG. 1.
- CAEX capital expenditures
- the space occupied by the decompression transformer 40 of FIG. 2 (that is, the existing transformer compartment) 1007 can be utilized more efficiently.
- the space of the transformer compartment 1007, in which eight decompression transformers 40 can be arranged, is further expanded for the shipment of silver containers. Can be utilized.
- a commonly used container standard is a TEU container with a size of 6.058m ⁇ 2.591m ⁇ 2.438m.
- TEU container As a reference, the number of containers that can be shipped in two spaces of a transformer room of 13.25m ⁇ 6.06m ⁇ 6.62m is calculated.
- the container may be further shipped in a space associated with the utilization of the conventional pressure reducing transformer.
- certain structures may have been installed due to the presence of transformer 40 on the deck surface located vertically in conventional transformer room 1007.
- the transformer 40 may not be necessary and some structures may also not be needed, so that additional containers may be vertically loaded onto the deck surface. In this case, 100 more containers may be loaded if 5 more horizontally and 10 more vertically are loaded onto the deck surface.
- the decompression transformer 40 is not used, allowing up to about 120 more containers to be shipped on the vessel 1000.
- the number of containers shipped in the space of the existing transformer chamber 1007 is merely exemplary, and 120 or more containers may be further loaded according to the shape of the container, the transformer, and the size of the transformer chamber.
- the application of the ship power supply system 1 of FIG. 3 enables the movement of an object previously placed in a space other than the existing transformer chamber 1007 into the space of the transformer chamber 1007.
- the space originally located due to the movement of the prearranged object becomes an empty space.
- the container may additionally be placed in the additionally generated empty space instead of being shipped directly to the space of the transformer chamber 1007.
- transformer rooms may be utilized for a variety of purposes other than shipping containers.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic system structure diagram of a ship power supply system for utilizing a space of an existing transformer room for other purposes than container shipping in another embodiment according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the service load power system 200 includes a transformer 260 for converting a voltage between the switchboard 230 and a refrigeration panel (R).
- the transformer 260 includes a step-up transformer 261 and a step-down transformer 266.
- the boosting transformer 261 is installed between the low voltage switchboard 230 and the refrigeration panel R of the bow portion.
- the boost transformer 261 is configured to receive the low voltage power of the switchboard 230 and output power having a voltage higher than the voltage of the switchboard 230 (eg, 1.5 kV to 6.6 kV).
- the pressure reducing transformer 266 is configured to receive the high voltage power output from the boosting transformer 261 and output power having a lower voltage.
- the output power from the decompression transformer 266 is supplied to a freezing container connected to the freezing panel R of the bow portion.
- the service load power system 200 includes a plurality of step-up transformers 261 and a decompression transformer 266 for respectively connecting the power paths between each refrigeration panel R of the bow portion and the switchboard 230. do.
- the service load power system 200 includes two boosting transformers 261A and 261B and pressure reducing transformers 266A and 266B.
- FIG. 10 is a side structural view of a ship to which the power supply system of FIG. 9 is applied.
- Container vessels including refrigerated containers typically comprise four refrigeration panels (R).
- the refrigeration panel (R) is disposed in the bow portion and two stern portion. Power supply to the refrigeration container is performed through the refrigeration panel (R) for each section in the power generation unit 210 and the switchboard 230 located in the stern engine room (1030).
- the distance from the low pressure switchboard 230 disposed in the engine room 1030 to the two refrigeration panels R located at the bow is dependent on the size of the vessel, but is typically several hundred meters.
- the refrigeration panel of the bow portion In order to supply power at a low pressure from the switchboard 230 to which the low pressure is applied, the refrigeration panel of the bow portion, a cable connecting them is quite required.
- a vessel for example, a container ship
- a refrigeration panel R of a fore part which transmits electric power to an engine room 1030 of the stern at which the switchboard 230 is located and a freezing container of the fore part.
- the distance of about 120 ⁇ 130m.
- the boost transformer 261 or the like is not used, a cable of approximately 10 to 15 strands is required for a 237A cable having a 120SQMM cross section.
- boost transformer 261 or the like it is possible to supply hundreds of meters of long distance power even with one cable.
- the service load power system 200 further includes a boost transformer 261 and / or a decompression transformer 266, the boost transformer does not reduce the size of cargo (eg, a refrigerated container) that is shipped to the vessel. 261 and / or pressure reducing transformer 266 are disposed in the ship.
- cargo eg, a refrigerated container
- boost transformer 261 may be installed in main transformer room 1007 in which a conventional single power system pressure reducing transformer is installed. Since the load capacity in one power system decreases as the power system is disconnected, the boost transformer 261 is smaller than the pressure reducing transformer. In addition, an additional cargo such as a container may be further loaded in the remaining space occupied by the boost transformer 261.
- the decompression transformer 266 is disposed at a point where a considerable weight of cable is not required even when power is supplied to the refrigeration panel R of the bow portion at low pressure without affecting the size of the cargo loaded on the vessel.
- the cargo may be disposed in an Accomm. Under space in which no cargo is disposed in the space below the port of the ship.
- the distance from the engine room 1030 including the transformer room 1007 to the vessel under space of the vessel in a vessel (eg, a container ship) having a total length of 350 m is approximately. 180m.
- the step-up transformer 261 outputs high voltage power at low voltage (eg, 440 V) power of the switchboard 230, the refrigeration of the bow portion is performed by using a relatively small amount of cable (eg, one strand of cable having a cross section of 120 SQMM). Power can be supplied to the panel R.
- the placement of the boosting transformer 261 and / or the decompression transformer 266 is not limited to the above-mentioned spaces, but may also be arranged in other spaces within the ship, such that the scale of the cargo loaded on the ship is not reduced.
- the marine power supply system 1 may be configured such that the thruster motor 152 and the essential load power system 100 are not connected.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic system structure diagram of a marine power supply system including a separate power system in an embodiment according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the power generation capacity of the mandatory load power system 100 associated with the thruster motor 152 is defined as the power capacity of the thruster motor 152 and the mandatory load in the ship rule.
- the power supply is set based on all of the power capacities of the continuous loads required to be supplied. This is because the thruster motor 152 operates only for a short time at the time of entry / departure, but is essential for the operation of the ship as a large load.
- the thruster motor 152 is linked to the service load power system 200, which is a power system other than the required load power system 100, so as to set down the generation capacity of the required load power system 100.
- the power capacity of the stur motor 152 is configured not to be considered.
- the service load power system 200 is associated with a large load (that is, the thruster motor 152) by cross-using power for a short time when the thruster motor 152 is operated, the additional generation capacity It is configured so that there is no increase.
- the thruster motor 152 receives the power of the generator 210 through the switchboard 230.
- the power generation unit 210 includes a fixed RPM generator.
- the thruster motor 152 is an important important load (Important Load) in ship operation in terms of functionality, but corresponds to a secondary essential load (Secondary Essential Load) that does not require continuous power supply during ship operation. Therefore, even if it is not linked to the essential load power system 100 that continuously supplies power to the essential load does not significantly affect the operation of the ship.
- the service load power system 200 includes a switching unit 240 so that there is no addition of the generation capacity of the generator 210 according to the additional linkage of the thruster motor 152.
- the switching unit 240 includes an Auto switch (hereinafter referred to as an "Interlock Switch") configured to interlock.
- the interlock switch is disposed between the switchboard 230 and the load of the service load power system 200 (that is, the thruster motor 152 and the service load unit 250).
- the interlocking switch is an auto switch that is automatically switched by the control unit of the ship.
- the interlock switch is installed between the power path to the thruster motor 152 or the power path to the service load unit 250, so that any one load stage (eg, the thruster motor ( 152) when the power is supplied to the other load stage (for example, the service load unit 250) performs an interlocking operation is prohibited.
- any one load stage eg, the thruster motor ( 152) when the power is supplied to the other load stage (for example, the service load unit 250) performs an interlocking operation is prohibited.
- a boosting transformer 261 and a pressure reducing transformer 266 may be included.
- the boosting transformer 261 is disposed between the switching unit 240 and the switchboard 230 to receive the low voltage power (eg, 440V power) of the switchboard 230 and output high voltage power (eg, 6.6kV power). It is composed.
- the high voltage power of the boost transformer 261 is transmitted to the thruster motor 152 or the service load unit 250 through the switching paths of the first lower switchboard 270 and the switching unit 240.
- the switching unit 240 When the thruster motor 152 does not operate (for example, during a normal sailing time of the ship), the switching unit 240 has the power of the power generation unit 210 to the switchboard 230 and the first lower switchboard 270 Switched to be delivered to the service load 250 through.
- the high voltage power output from the switching unit 240 is transferred to the second lower switchboard 280 to which low pressure is applied through the pressure reducing transformer 266, and is transmitted to a load other than the thruster motor 152.
- the switching unit 240 When the thruster motor 152 is driven (for example, approximately 30 minutes when the vessel enters or leaves the ship), the switching unit 240 has a power of the power generation unit 210 having a fixed RPM, the switchboard 230 and the first The switch is transmitted to the thruster motor 152 through the lower switchboard 270.
- the service load unit 250 includes a refrigeration container as the service load
- the interruption of power supply to the freezing container by switching to the thruster motor 152 does not affect the function of the freezing container. This is because the refrigeration container generally maintains a constant temperature even without being supplied with power for about 30 to 40 minutes.
- the power supply system 1 is also used in the power supply to the thruster motor 152 and other loads (for example, refrigeration containers) located in the bow portion, the step-up transformer (described in detail with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10). 261) can reduce the cable savings.
- the service load power system 200 may include a plurality of paths for supplying power to each of the thruster motors 152.
- a plurality of booster transformers 261A and 261B for efficient power supply to the plurality of thruster motors 152A and 152B may be configured.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic system structure diagram of a marine power supply system including a separate power system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic system structural diagram of a marine power supply system including a separate power system in another embodiment according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the service load power system 200 supplies power to the thruster motor 152 or the service load 250 using a variable RPM generator.
- the power generation unit 210 includes a variable RPM generator 211.
- the service load power system 200 may include a power converter 220 for frequency matching of the variable RPM generator 211 and the switchboard 230.
- the power generation efficiency may be increased by controlling the operating speed of the generator 211.
- the power supply system 1 links the thruster motor 152 to a power system other than the essential load power system 100, while maintaining the characteristics of the load stage in the service load power system. It can be configured as a fixed RPM or variable RPM generator.
- the power supply system 1 described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12 may be embodied in various forms.
- the service load power system 200 is configured to be low voltage distribution from the switchboard 230 to the service load 250.
- the service load power system 200 is configured such that the thruster motor 152 receives power from the switchboard 230 through the boosting transformer 261 and / or the starter panel (S / T).
- the service load power system 200 includes a boost transformer 261 and / or a starter panel between the switchboard 230 and the thruster motor 152 for powering the thruster motor 152.
- the boost transformer 261 and a separate boost transformer (not shown) and a decompression transformer 266 are disposed between the switchboard 230 and the service load 250 to supply power to the service load 250. It may be configured to.
- the power supply system 1 may control the operation of the generator according to the time zone (or the operation mode) and adjust the amount of power supplied to the load unit. For example, if the required load 150 of the power system 100 does not require the generating capacity of two generators 111 and 112, the marine power supply system 1 may be at least one generator (eg, The generator 111 may be set as a standby generator to stop operation, and if necessary, the standby generator may be used to supply power to the essential load unit 150 and other purposes.
- the generator 111 may be set as a standby generator to stop operation, and if necessary, the standby generator may be used to supply power to the essential load unit 150 and other purposes.
- a vessel having a power supply system 1 separated into a mandatory load power system 100 and a service load power system 200 is different from a conventional ship in which the mandatory load and the service load consist of a single power system.
- Low voltage distribution is possible, and expensive high-pressure shut-off equipment is not required.
- the problem of lowering the generation efficiency or the utilization of the space on board can be improved.
- LNG is generally stored in specially designed cargo tanks for transport by sea at cryogenic temperatures (eg -160 ° C). It is impossible to transport LNG by sea without controlling the temperature and pressure of the cargo tank during normal sailing.
- the LNG Carrier is configured to be propelled to operate the ship and at the same time configured to safely transport the LNG.
- Power loads in LNG carriers may include mandatory loads associated with operations (eg, essential load-fuel oil supply pump, fuel valve cooling pump, etc.) and service loads not associated with operation (eg, Service Load).
- mandatory loads associated with operations eg, essential load-fuel oil supply pump, fuel valve cooling pump, etc.
- service loads not associated with operation eg, Service Load
- Essential loads in LNG carriers are electric motors for propulsion and navigation, such as a Thruster Motor, a Propulsion Motor, a Cooling Sea Water Pump, and an L.O Pump.
- Service loads in LNG carriers are designed to use LNG storage loads configured to operate cooling and compression process systems according to the external temperatures of pipelines and cargo tanks of LNG carriers, and to use BOG (Boil-Off Gas) generated from LNG as fuel. Contains loads for LNG fuel.
- the essential load and the service load of the LNG carrier may include a continuous load consuming a constant power during operation, and a variable load whose power consumption varies according to the driving characteristics.
- LNG carriers are powered by an AC power supply system and are linked to a single power system with a mixture of continuous and variable loads.
- the essential load for propulsion and service loads such as LNG storage loads and LNG fuel loads are configured in a single system, and the power capacity of the entire system is very large.
- the conventional LNG carrier has a power supply system that performs power supply for high pressure distribution similarly to the case of the conventional container ship.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a system structure diagram of an LNG carrier power supply system configured as a single system by mixing essential loads and service loads according to another exemplary embodiment.
- a conventional LNG carrier power supply system in which essential loads and service loads are mixed in a single power system includes a high pressure power generation unit 10; High pressure switchboard 21; Transformers 31, 32, 33, 34 for depressurizing the high voltage electrical signal of the high voltage switchboard 21; Low pressure switchboards 41, 42, 43; It includes a load unit 50 in which a continuous load and a variable load are mixed.
- the power supply process to the load is as follows: 6.6kV generator-> 6.6kV high voltage main switchboard-> 6.6kV / 440V transformer- Low voltage sub-switchboard> 440V. That is, the power supply system for LNG carriers of FIG. 13 generates power at high pressure, and decompresses it to low pressure to supply power to the load.
- FIG. 14 is a view for explaining the internal structure of a conventional LNG carrier having the power supply system for LNG carrier of FIG.
- the LNG carrier 1000 includes an engine room 1030.
- the engine room 1030 includes various engine facilities such as generators, and other facilities connected to the engine facility, and the ECR switchboard room 1005, which is a space in which an engine control room (ECR) and / or a switchboard for controlling the engine is disposed.
- ECR engine control room
- transformer room 1007 which is a space in which the decompression transformers 31, 32, 33, and 34 are disposed.
- the power system of FIG. 13 to which some of the high voltage distribution is applied requires a large-capacity pressure reducing transformer 31, 32, 33, 34 to supply power to the load. Since the high pressure distribution is performed in the LNG carrier having a large load, the size of the transformer chamber 1007 in which the decompression transformers 31, 32, 33, 34 are arranged is considerable.
- the power supply system of Figure 13 is composed of a single power system has a low performance in terms of power generation efficiency.
- Generators applied to LNG carriers are typically fixed RPM generators.
- the fixed RPM generator has a high fuel efficiency when generating power in the case where the load factor is a value between approximately 75 to 85%.
- the power generation capacity of the fixed RPM generator included in the power generation unit 10 is calculated based on the maximum load power of the continuous load, variable load. Since most essential loads of LNG carriers are continuous loads, the load ratio of the essential loads is not large.
- the LNG carrier may include a cargo part load as a service load.
- the load capacity of the entire cargo part is approximately 5.5 MW, and has an abrupt load factor of approximately 30 to 100 in operation mode.
- the service load and the essential load are mixed in a single system, and there is a problem in that power generation efficiency of the power supply system is lowered in a heavy load or a low load section.
- the conventional LNG carrier also has a problem of lowering power generation efficiency or lowering space utilization on board.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic system structure diagram of a power supply system for an LNG carrier including a separate power system in an embodiment according to the second aspect of the present invention.
- the power supply system 1 for an LNG carrier includes one or more power systems 100, 200, and the like.
- the power system 100 includes a power generation unit 110, a distribution panel 130 including a main distribution panel, and an essential load unit 150 including an essential load.
- the power system 200 includes a power generation unit 210, a distribution board 230 including a main distribution board, and a service load unit 250 including a service load.
- the LNG carrier ship power supply system 1 may further include a control unit (not shown) for monitoring the state of the power system and control the power supply.
- the controller may include one or more of a power management system (PMS), an energy management system (EMS), and an energy power management system (EPMS).
- PMS power management system
- EMS energy management system
- EPMS energy power management system
- the power supply system 1 for an LNG carrier is described as including two power systems 100 and 200, but is not to be construed as limited thereto.
- a detailed description of the two components is represented by representing a detailed description of the one component.
- the power supply system 1 for an LNG carrier has a state in which power systems are separated for each of essential loads and service loads.
- the power generation unit 110 supplies power to the essential load unit 150 through the switchboard 130 so that the load of the essential load unit 150 consumes and drives power.
- the generator 110 outputs an alternating current electrical signal, and includes a plurality of generators (eg, generators 111 and 112 of Fig. 15.
- the power generation type and power generation capacity of the generators 111 and 112 depend on the load. For example, an alternator can be used when the motor load for the operation of an LNG carrier is a constant output load, and when the capacity of the generator is 85% and the load capacity is 1 MW, the generator capacity is about. May be 1.2 MW.
- the capacity of one generator included in the power generation unit 110 has sufficient capacity to supply power to the essential load unit 150 in the general navigation mode.
- at least one of the plurality of generators 111 and 112 is designated as a standby generator, and the standby generator is set not to operate during normal sailing.
- the power supply system 1 may be a standby generator (eg, included in the required load power system 100).
- 112 is configured to supply power to the required load 150.
- the standby generator of the mandatory power system 100 may operate to supply power to the service load of the service load power system 200. This will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 19 and 20 below.
- the generators 111 and 112 may include, but are not limited to, a diesel generator, a combined fuel generator, a gas fuel generator, a gas turbine, and the like.
- the power generation unit 110 may further include one or more switches, and / or disconnectors for power supply control according to a situation. For example, as shown in FIG. 15, when the LNG carrier ship's power supply system 1 includes two generators 111 and 112, it may further include two switches.
- the switchboard 130 power is supplied to AC.
- the switchboard 130 may include a main switchboard of the power system 100.
- the main switchboard is composed of a bus cable, in which case the bus cable may be referred to as a main bus.
- switchboard 130 may include a plurality of bus cables.
- the switchboard 130 may include a plurality of bus cables, such as a main bus 131 electrically connected to the generator 111 and a main bus 132 electrically connected to the generator 112.
- the switchboard 130 is electrically connected to the plurality of main buses 131 and 132 as usual, but further includes a bus tie breaker 133 that is electrically disconnected in case of emergency and / or accident. can do.
- Low voltage can be applied to the switchboard 130, the power system 100 is capable of low voltage distribution.
- a low voltage of 440V may be applied to the main bus 131 and the main bus 132 of FIG. 15 to supply power to the load.
- Components of the power system 100 may be electrically connected to interact.
- the LNG carrier power supply system 1 may supply power to the essential load by using a power supply line that electrically connects the power generation unit 110 to the essential load unit 150 through the switchboard 130. have.
- the essential load 150 of the power system 100 includes an essential load that is essentially required for operation of the ship.
- the essential load is essentially required for the essential load and the ship operation defined by the ship regulation, but the quasi-mandatory load is not included in the essential load according to the ship regulation.
- essential load eg, an important load.
- Essential loads used for the operation of LNG carriers may include, but are not limited to, for example, propulsion motors, ballast pumps, lubricant pumps, engine fueling pumps, cooling pumps, water spray pumps, and the like. It doesn't work. Most of the essential loads included in the essential load unit 150 correspond to continuous loads in which the load rate hardly changes.
- the mandatory load unit 150 may further include a variable frequency drive (VFD) based load.
- VFD variable frequency drive
- a variable frequency control-based load is an essential load that optimizes the power consumption of the load stage according to the operating characteristics, such as a central cooling system.
- a VFD load is a cooling pump configured to control the temperature of the cooling water.
- Essential loads configured to control temperature, pressure, and the like.
- the switchboard 130 is configured to perform low voltage distribution. Thus, as shown in FIG. 15, at least some required loads can be electrically connected and powered without the need for a separate transformer.
- the essential load unit 150 may include one or more lower switchboards that supply power to a voltage equal to or lower than that of the switchboard 130.
- the essential load unit 150 may further include a transformer 155 disposed between the switchboard 130 and the lower switchboard to reduce the voltage.
- the mandatory load 150 includes a transformer 155A, 155B, 155C, between the switchboard 130 (eg, 450V applied) and the lower switchboard (eg, 220V applied). 155D).
- the transformer 155 is a transformer for reducing the low pressure to a lower voltage (for example, 220V), and compared to the pressure reducing transformers 31, 32, 33, and 34 of FIG. Have
- the power system 100 may further include an emergency generator for supplying power in an emergency situation such as black out, and an emergency switchboard including a load operating at this time.
- the emergency switchboard may include shore power, emergency load, and the like.
- the service load unit 250 of the power system 200 includes a service load additionally used in addition to the operation of the LNG carrier.
- the variable load unit 250 may further include one or more lower switchboards (not shown) for supplying power at a lower voltage than the switchboard 230.
- the service load unit 250 includes an LNG storage load used to store LNG, a user convenience load generated from LNG and used for the convenience of a passenger of an LNG carrier.
- LNG is a flammable material, and LNG carriers must control the temperature and pressure of cargo tanks or pipelines to easily load or unload LNG. In addition, in order to safely transport LNG by sea, it is necessary to continuously control the temperature and pressure of the cargo tank during normal sailing.
- the load for LNG storage including loads that operate to load, unload, and store LNG on LNG carriers, and loads that operate for management of LNG stored during operation (eg, LNG cooling, compression, etc.), corresponds to variable loads. do.
- the service load unit 250 may include a load for LNG fuel for using the BOG (Boil-Off Gas) as a fuel.
- BOG Bit-Off Gas
- the dual fuel engine system may control at least a part of the load for the LNG fuel in Gas Mode or HFO Mode.
- the gas mode is a mode in which the naturally occurring BOG in the cargo tank and the forced vaporized BOG is used as a fuel for the LNG carrier
- the HFO mode is a high fuel oil (HFO) such as high sulfur fuel oil and bunker oil. This mode is used as fuel for carrier ships.
- HFO high fuel oil
- the load for LNG fuel for using such BOG as fuel also corresponds to a variable load. For this reason, most of the service loads correspond to variable loads with a variable load rate.
- the LNG storage load may include, but is not limited to, for example, a high duty compressor, a cargo pump, a cargo auxiliary machine, and the like.
- the load for LNG fuel includes, but is not limited to, for example, a LD compressor, a vaporizer, and the like.
- variable load unit 250 may further include one or more lower switchboards (not shown) for supplying power at a lower voltage than the switchboard 230.
- At least some of the power load of the essential load 150 or the service load 250 may control a component (eg, a starter panel) that controls the amount of power received during operation of the load. Starter Panel, S / T).
- a component eg, a starter panel
- each of the separated power systems 100 and 200 of the LNG carrier power supply system 1 has an independent system configuration, the stability of each system is also increased.
- the system is composed of a single system, which affects the required load. If the system is separated, the accident of the service load stage spreads only in the service load power system, and thus does not affect the essential load power system. Likewise, the accident does not spread to the service load stage even in the event of an essential load stage disconnection.
- the size of individual power systems is reduced compared to a single power system. For example, when a single power system having a power capacity of 14 MW is separated into a mandatory load power system 100 at 9 MW and a service load power system 200 at 5 MW as shown in FIG. 15, the size of the individual power system is 14 MW. To 9MW and 14MW to 5MW respectively.
- a low voltage (eg, 440V) is applied to the power supply through the main switchboard. This no longer requires the large capacity pressure reducing transformers 31, 32, 33, 34 of FIG. 13. Thus, cost savings in terms of capital expenditures (CAPEX) can be achieved.
- large capacity pressure reducing transformers 31, 32, 33, 34 are not required, so that the space occupied by the existing pressure reducing transformers 31, 32, 33, 34 of the transformer chamber 1007 shown in FIG. It can be used efficiently.
- the space of the transformer chamber 1007 may be used for other purposes (for example, cargo ships, etc.) instead of for the arrangement of a plurality of pressure reducing transformers. Can be.
- the power system 100, 200 may be configured in various ways or differently depending on the design purpose due to the separation of the system.
- each power system 100, 200 is configured to configure and operate a generator that is primarily optimized for the load characteristics involved.
- the required load power system 100 may include a fixed RPM generator
- the service load power system 200 may include a variable RPM generator.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic system structure diagram of an LNG carrier power supply system configured to have a variable RPM generator in a service load power system in an embodiment according to the second aspect of the present invention.
- the generators 111 and 112 of the essential load power system are fixed RPM generators, and the generators 211 and 212 of the service load power system 200 are variable RPM generators.
- the generators 111 and 112 of the essential load power system are fixed RPM generators
- the generators 211 and 212 of the service load power system 200 are variable RPM generators.
- the variable load is characterized by a change in the load ratio.
- the fixed RPM generator Since most of the load of the essential load power system 100 corresponds to a continuous load in which the load rate does not change, the fixed RPM generator is operated to operate in an optimum efficiency range (ie, a load rate range of 75 to 85%).
- the power load of the LNG carrier is mixed in a single grid, resulting in a load section having a low load ratio of the entire system due to the variable load. As a result, the power generation efficiency of the fixed RPM power generation is lowered.
- most of the load of the service load power system 200 is a variable load in which the load rate changes.
- the service load power system 200 of the power supply system 1 of FIG. 15 is configured to drive a variable RPM generator capable of variable speed operation in accordance with a load rate variation of the power system 200.
- variable RPM generator when controlling the rotational speed of the variable RPM generator with RPM having an optimal power generation efficiency for each load section, when the continuous load, variable load is mixed in a single system In comparison, the fuel efficiency of the generator for supplying power to the variable load can be improved.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a load rate of a load stage in a power system and a fuel consumption of a generator for powering the load stage.
- a fixed RPM generator was used to supply a variable load (eg, an LNG storage load).
- the service load of the whole cargo part has an average load rate of 30 to 100%.
- the power supply system of FIG. 13 has a fuel efficiency corresponding to P F at a load rate of 45% as an example of a low load period.
- the power supply system 1 of FIG. 16 has a fuel efficiency corresponding to P V.
- P F and P V it is shown that the power supply system 1 of FIG. 16 consumes less fuel amount to generate 1 kwh of power.
- the power supply system 1 of FIG. 16 is calculated to have an improvement in fuel consumption of approximately 8% compared to the power supply system of FIG. 13 in generating the same power for service load of the LNG carrier.
- the power generation efficiency is further increased by controlling the generator rotational speed with an RPM having an optimal generation efficiency corresponding to the load section. It can be improved.
- the low load section L1 is a section with a load rate of 10 to 40% and has a fuel consumption of approximately 285 to 210 g / kwh.
- the heavy load section L2 is a section with a load ratio of 40 to 60% and has a fuel consumption of approximately 210 to 194 g / kwh.
- the high load section L3 is a section with a load ratio of 80 to 100% and has a fuel consumption of approximately 185 to 190 g / kwh.
- the power supply system 1 of FIG. 15 has a fuel consumption similar to that of the power supply system of FIG. 13 in the high load section L3. However, in the low load section L1, the fuel consumption rate per kwh is improved by about 6 to 10% compared to FIG. 13, and in the heavy load section L2, the fuel consumption per kwh is improved by about 10 to 35% compared to FIG.
- variable RPM generator of the service power system 200 of FIG. 16 may control the RPM based on the load ratio of each load section, thereby improving power generation efficiency of the power generation unit 210.
- the switchboard 230 may be configured to have a specific frequency (eg, 50 Hz or 60 Hz).
- the power generation unit 210 generates AC power based on the load ratio of each load section, and alternating current (AC) electric signal having a frequency (eg, 50 Hz or 60 Hz) matching the frequency of the switchboard 230. It is configured to output.
- AC alternating current
- the power generation unit 210 includes an alternating current (AC) / AC (AC) converter 214 located between the generator 211 and the switchboard 230.
- the AC / AC converter 214 is configured to convert the frequency of the alternating current (AC) electrical signal generated in the variable RPM generator to a specific frequency (eg, 50 Hz or 60 Hz) of the switchboard 230.
- the power generation unit 210 may output an alternating current (AC) electric signal having a specific frequency of the switchboard 230.
- the power supply system 1 for LNG carriers is capable of low voltage distribution
- the low voltage direct current (DC) distribution and / or low voltage alternating current (AC) distribution of the power distribution system in each of the power systems 100 and 200 is possible.
- DC direct current
- AC alternating current
- the mandatory load power system is configured to perform alternating current distribution with a fixed RPM generator, and the service load power system has a variable RPM generator and partially direct current distribution.
- the service load power system 200 is further configured to partially distribute DC.
- the generators 111 and 112 are fixed RPM generators, and the generators 211 and 212 are variable RPM generators.
- the power generation unit 210 further includes an AC / DC converter 216 for receiving an AC electrical signal and converting the same into a DC electrical signal.
- the load unit may further include a direct current (DC) / alternating current (AC) inverter 226 for receiving a direct current (DC) electric signal and converting it into an alternating current (AC) electric signal.
- the power system 200 further includes a direct current (DC) switchboard 220 including a direct current (DC) main bus 221 between the power generation unit 210 and the switch panel 230. can do.
- the DC switchboard 220 may efficiently supply power to a plurality of service loads disposed in a carrier.
- the power system 200 may include a plurality of direct current (DC) / AC (AC) inverters 226A to 226B for electrically connecting the service load of each of the switchboard 220 and the switchboard 230.
- the power supply system 1 the mandatory load power system may be composed of a fixed RPM generator-based AC distribution
- the service load power system may be of a variable RPM generator-based DC or AC distribution.
- the power supply system 1 may configure different voltages for power distribution of the respective power systems 100 and 200.
- the power supply system 1 performs low-voltage distribution through the switchboard 130 in the essential load power system 100, and performs high-voltage distribution through the switchboard 230 in the service load power system 200. It is configured to.
- the low pressure distribution of the essential load power system 100 may be performed using a fixed RPM generator
- the high pressure distribution of the service load power system 200 may be performed using a variable RPM generator.
- the power generation unit 210 of the service load power system 200 is configured to output a high voltage (eg, 6.6 kV) electrical signal to the switchboard 230.
- power systems 100 and 200 may be configured to be efficient in terms of component supply.
- the service load power system 200 performs low-voltage distribution through the switchboard 230, the low-pressure distribution may be performed using a fixed RPM generator.
- the service load power system 200 includes a power generation unit 210, a low voltage switchgear 230, and a service load unit 250.
- the frequency of the switchboard 230 is a specific frequency (for example, 50 Hz or 60 Hz).
- the power generation unit 210 is configured to generate power having a frequency (eg, 50 Hz or 60 Hz) matching the frequency of the switchboard 230.
- the power generation unit 210 may include a fixed RPM generator for driving at a fixed RPM for a frequency matching the frequency of the switchboard 230.
- fixed RPM generators have the advantages of being cheaper and easier to supply than variable RPM generators.
- the power generation unit 210 may include a plurality of fixed RPM generators 211 and 212.
- the power generation capacity of the fixed RPM generators 211 and 212 may be greater than or equal to the power capacity of the service load 250.
- the fixed RPM generator 211 or 212 has a power generation capacity sufficient to supply power to the service load power system 200 in a heavy load or low load section.
- the service load power system 200 does not require additional power devices (eg, power converters) for frequency matching between the low voltage switchgear and the power generation unit.
- additional power devices eg, power converters
- the distribution board 230 low-voltage alternating current (AC) distribution may be performed.
- the generator 211 or 212 of the service load power system 200 is a variable RPM generator, and may generate power having a frequency in a variable frequency range (for example, 37 Hz to 60 Hz) according to the speed.
- a specific frequency for example, 50Hz or 60Hz
- the variable RPM generator 211 the frequency of the power output from the power generation unit 210 for frequency matching is the frequency of the switchboard 230.
- a power converter eg, a matrix converter
- the price of a variable RPM generator is typically higher than the price of a fixed RPM generator.
- the service load power system 200 including the fixed RPM generator maintains the advantages of low-voltage distribution and at the same time does not require an additional power device (eg, a power converter) for frequency matching with the low-voltage switchgear, which is required when applying a variable speed generator.
- an additional power device eg, a power converter
- lower cost distribution-based power supply systems can be built on board ships at lower cost.
- a part of the service load power system 200 can be configured based on a fixed RPM generation standard that can be supplied in the existing, and there is ease of design.
- the service load power system 200 including the fixed RPM generator is applied to a low voltage is applied to the switchboard 230 is not limited to the low-voltage alternating current (AC) distribution structure, the AC (AC) distribution.
- the service load power system 200 including the fixed RPM generator similar to Figure 18, may be configured in a low voltage direct current (DC) distribution structure.
- the service load power system 200 including the fixed RPM generator may be configured as a high-voltage alternating current (AC) distribution structure.
- the marine power supply system 1 may be configured such that the thruster motor 152 and the essential load power system 100 are not connected.
- 19 is a schematic system structure diagram of a power supply system of an LNG carrier including a separate power system in another embodiment according to the second aspect of the present invention.
- the power generation capacity of the mandatory load power system 100 associated with the thruster motor 152 is defined as the power capacity of the thruster motor 152 and the mandatory load in the ship rule.
- the power supply is set based on all of the power capacities of the continuous loads required to be supplied.
- the thruster motor 152 operates only for a short time at the time of entry / departure, but is included in the essential load power system 100 in the power supply system 1 of FIG. 15 because it is essential to the operation of the ship as a large load.
- the thruster motor 152 is linked to the service load power system 200, which is a power system other than the required load power system 100, so as to set down the generation capacity of the required load power system 100.
- the power capacity of the stur motor 152 is configured not to be considered.
- the service load power system 200 is associated with a large load (that is, the thruster motor 152) by cross-using power for a short time when the thruster motor 152 is operated, the additional generation capacity It is configured so that there is no increase.
- the LNG carrier ship power supply system 1 is further configured to control the power supply according to the operation of the thruster motor 152.
- the thruster motor 152 receives the power of the generator 210 through the switchboard 230.
- the power generation unit 210 includes a variable RPM generator. In another embodiment, the power generation unit 210 includes a fixed RPM generator.
- the thruster motor 152 is an important important load (Important Load) in ship operation in terms of functionality, but corresponds to a semi-essential load (Secondary Essential Load) that does not require continuous power supply during ship operation. Therefore, a configuration that is not linked to the required load power system 100 that continuously supplies power to the required load is possible.
- thruster motors 152A, 152B are associated with switchboard 230 of service load power system 200.
- the essential load power system 100 and the thruster motor 152 are not connected, the essential load power system 100 may increase the load rate during normal sailing. As a result, fuel efficiency can be further increased and operating costs can be reduced.
- the power generation capacity of the required load power system 100 is reduced as compared with the case in which the thruster motor 152 is connected (for example, FIG. 15), a smaller generator can be applied to the required load power system 100. Thereby, the generator cost can be reduced.
- the service load power system 200 includes a switching unit 125 so that there is no addition of the generating capacity of the generator 210 according to the additional linkage of the thruster motor 152.
- the switching unit 125 By the switching unit 125, even when the thruster motor 152 connected to the service load power system 200 is operated, power supply to other service loads is not insufficient.
- the switching unit 125 allows the power of the power generation unit 110 to supply the thruster motor 152 through the switchboard 230.
- the switching unit 125 may include a single pole double throw (SPDT).
- the SPDT is a first path from the power generation unit 110 (eg, the generator 112) to the switchboard 130, or the service load power system 200 from the power generation unit 110 (eg, the generator 112). It is configured to connect a second path to the switchboard 230 of the).
- the power supply by the switching unit 125 may be described as follows: For the departure of the LNG carrier, the switching unit 125 is switched by the control unit to connect the second path, and the Power is supplied to the thruster motor 152 through the switchboard 230. After the departure, the switching unit 125 is switched by the controller to connect the first path, and the thruster motor 152 does not operate during normal sailing. In order to re-enter the LNG carrier, the switching unit 152 is switched by the controller to connect the second path, and the power of the power generation unit 110 is supplied to the thruster motor 152 through the switchboard 230. .
- the power systems 100 and 200 of FIG. 19 are not limited to low voltage alternating current (AC) distribution.
- a fixed RPM generator or a variable RPM generator may be applied according to the characteristics of the power system 200.
- it may be configured as a low pressure alternating current (AC) distribution, a high pressure alternating current (AC) distribution, or a low pressure direct current (DC) structure.
- the power grids 100, 200 of FIG. 19 are configured to perform high voltage alternating current (AC) distribution.
- the power generation units 110 and 210 are configured to output a high voltage electric signal (eg, 6.6 KV).
- 20 is a schematic system structure diagram of a power supply system of an LNG carrier including a separate power system in another embodiment according to the second aspect of the present invention.
- the essential load power system 100 performs low voltage distribution through the distribution panel 130, and the service load power system 200 is configured to perform high voltage distribution through the distribution panel 230.
- the power generation unit 110 is configured to output a low voltage electric signal (eg, 440V)
- the power generation unit 21 is configured to output a high voltage electric signal (eg, 6.6 kV).
- the power output from the power generation unit 110 is provided to the thruster motor 152 through the cross-power transformer 126.
- the cross power transformer 126 boosts a low voltage electric signal output from the power generation unit 110 and provides the thruster motor 152 through the switchboard 230 to which the high pressure is applied.
- the input voltage of the cross power transformer 126 depends on the output voltage of the power generation unit 110, and the output voltage of the transformer 126 depends on the applied voltage of the switchboard 230.
- the LNG carrier power supply system 1 connects the thruster motor 152 to a power system other than the essential load power system 100, while in the service load power system.
- Apply various generators e.g., fixed RPM or variable RPM generators
- DC direct current
- AC alternating current
- AC high pressure alternating current
- LPG is generally stored in specially designed cargo tanks for transport by sea at low temperatures (eg -50 ° C). It is impossible to transport LPG by sea without controlling the temperature and pressure of the cargo tank during normal voyage.
- the LPG carrier is configured to operate a ship and, at the same time, to safely transport the LPG.
- Power loads in LPG carriers may include mandatory loads associated with operations (eg, essential load-fuel oil supply pump, fuel valve cooling pump, etc.) and service loads not associated with operation (eg, Service Load).
- mandatory loads associated with operations eg, essential load-fuel oil supply pump, fuel valve cooling pump, etc.
- service loads not associated with operation eg, Service Load
- An essential load in LPG carriers is electric motors for propulsion and navigation such as cooling sea water pumps, lubricating oil pumps (L.O pumps) and ballast pumps.
- Service loads include LPG storage loads configured to operate the cooling and compression process systems according to the LPG carrier's pipeline and cargo tank external temperatures.
- the essential load and the service load of the LPG carrier may include a continuous load consuming a constant power during operation and a variable load whose power consumption varies depending on the driving characteristics.
- LPG carriers have an AC power supply system, and a continuous load and a variable load are mixed and linked to a single power system, thereby having a very large load capacity.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a system structure of an LPG carrier power supply system configured as a single system by mixing essential loads and service loads according to an exemplary embodiment.
- an LPG carrier power supply system in which essential loads and service loads are mixed in a single power system includes a power generation unit 10; A low voltage switchgear 20 which receives power from the power generation unit 10 and transmits the power to a load or another switchboard; A load unit 50, which is supplied with power through the low voltage switchboard 20, in which an essential load and a service load are mixed; And other low pressure switchboards 60.
- the power supply system of FIG. 21 is composed of a single power system and thus has low performance in terms of power generation efficiency.
- the fixed RPM generator has a high fuel efficiency when generating power in the case where the load factor is a value between approximately 75 to 85%.
- the power generation capacity of the fixed RPM generator included in the power generation unit 10 is calculated based on the maximum load power of the continuous load, variable load. Since most essential loads of LPG carriers are continuous loads, the variation of the load rate of the essential loads is not large.
- the service load of the LPG carrier which performs the operations such as cooling, compressing, storing and unloading the LPG cargo, corresponds to a variable load whose load rate varies with time.
- LPG carriers may include cargo part loads as service loads.
- the average load ratio of the service load of the whole cargo part is approximately 30 to 60%.
- the system load ratio is lowered in a single power system, and the power generation efficiency of the system is reduced.
- the LPG carrier to which the power supply system of FIG. 21 is applied will have a load factor of approximately 40 to 70% (eg, 43% to 71%) for each operation mode.
- the generator's generating capacity depends on the total load capacity of the single power system. For this reason, a large capacity generator is installed and there is a problem that the space utilization in the engine room is relatively lowered.
- the power supply system for LPG carriers is composed of a power system is divided into a mandatory load power system mainly including an essential load, and a service load power system mainly including a service load.
- the essential load and the service load do not share the switchboard.
- the power supply system is applied to the medium LPG vessel of 50k or more and less than 100k, it is configured to enable low-voltage distribution.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic system structure diagram of a power supply system for an LPG carrier including a separate power system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a power supply system 1 for an LPG carrier includes one or more power systems 100, 200, and the like.
- the power system 100 includes a power generation unit 110, a distribution board 130 including a main switchboard, and an essential load unit 150 including essential loads for operating a ship, and hereinafter referred to as an essential load power system.
- the power system 200 includes a power generation unit 210, a distribution board 230 including a main distribution board, and a service load unit 250 including a service load operating for transporting LPG.
- the LPG carrier power supply system 1 may further include a controller (not shown) for monitoring the state of the power system and control the power supply.
- the controller may include one or more of a power management system (PMS), an energy management system (EMS), and an energy power management system (EPMS).
- PMS power management system
- EMS energy management system
- EPMS energy power management system
- the power supply system 1 for an LPG carrier is described as including two power systems 100 and 200, but is not to be construed as limited thereto.
- a detailed description of the two components is represented by representing a detailed description of the one component.
- the power supply system 1 for an LPG carrier has a state in which a power system is separated for each of an essential load and a service load.
- the power generation unit 110 supplies power to the essential load unit 150 through the switchboard 130 so that the load of the essential load unit 150 consumes and drives power.
- the generator 110 outputs an alternating current electrical signal and includes a plurality of generators (eg, generators 111 and 112 in Fig. 22.
- the properties and power generation capacity of the generators 111 and 112 depend on the load. For example, an alternator can be used when the motor load for the operation of the LPG carrier is a constant output load, and when the capacity of the generator is 85% and the load capacity is 1 MW, the generator's generating capacity is about 1.2. It may be MW.
- the capacity of one generator included in the power generation unit 110 has sufficient capacity to supply power to the essential load unit 150 in the general navigation mode.
- at least one of the plurality of generators 111 and 112 is designated as a standby generator, and the standby generator is set not to operate during normal sailing.
- the power supply system 1 may be a standby generator (eg, included in the required load power system 100).
- 112 is configured to supply power to the required load 150.
- the standby generator of the mandatory power system 100 may operate to supply power to the service load of the service load power system 200. This will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 26 to 28 below.
- the generators 111 and 112 may include, but are not limited to, a diesel generator, a combined fuel generator, a gas fuel generator, a gas turbine, and the like.
- the power generation unit 110 may further include one or more switches, and / or disconnectors for power supply control according to a situation. For example, as shown in FIG. 22, when the LPG carrier power supply system 1 includes two generators 111 and 112, the switch may further include two switches.
- the switchboard 130 power is supplied to the AC.
- the switchboard 130 may include a main switchboard of the power system 100.
- the main switchboard is composed of a bus cable, in which case the bus cable may be referred to as a main bus.
- switchboard 130 may include a plurality of bus cables.
- the switchboard 130 may include a plurality of bus cables, such as a main bus 131 electrically connected to the generator 111 and a main bus 132 electrically connected to the generator 112.
- the switchboard 130 is electrically connected to the plurality of main buses 131 and 132 as usual, but further includes a bus tie breaker 133 that is electrically disconnected in case of emergency and / or accident. can do.
- the power system 100 is capable of low voltage distribution, and an AC voltage is applied to the switchboard 130 to supply power to the load.
- Components of the power system 100 may be electrically connected to interact.
- the power supply system 1 for the LPG carrier may supply power to the essential load by using a power supply line electrically connecting the power generation unit 110 to the essential load unit 150 through the switchboard 130. have.
- the essential load 150 of the power system 100 includes an essential load (essential load) that is required for operation of the ship.
- the essential load is essentially required for the essential load and the ship operation defined by the ship regulation, but the quasi-mandatory load is not included in the essential load according to the ship regulation.
- essential load eg, important load
- Essential loads used for the operation of LPG carriers may include, but are not limited to, for example, lubricating oil pumps, engine fueling pumps, cooling pumps, water spray pumps, and the like. Most of the essential loads included in the essential load unit 150 correspond to continuous loads in which the load rate hardly changes.
- the mandatory load unit 150 may further include a variable frequency drive (VFD) based load.
- VFD variable frequency drive
- a variable frequency control-based load is an essential load that optimizes the power consumption of the load stage according to the operating characteristics, such as a central cooling system.
- a VFD load is a cooling pump configured to control the temperature of the cooling water.
- Essential loads configured to control temperature, pressure, and the like.
- the essential load unit 150 may include one or more lower switchboards that supply power to a voltage equal to or lower than that of the switchboard 130, as shown in FIG. 22.
- the essential load unit 150 may further include a transformer disposed between the switchboard 130 and the lower switchboard to reduce the voltage.
- the transformer of the essential load 150 is a small transformer having a smaller capacity than the transformer of FIG. 1. Thus, there is an advantage in transformer installation cost and space utilization.
- the power system 100 may further include an emergency generator for supplying power in an emergency situation such as black out, and an emergency switchboard including a load operating at this time.
- the emergency switchboard may include shore power, emergency load, and the like.
- the service load unit 250 of the power system 200 includes a service load additionally used in addition to the operation of the LPG carrier.
- the variable load unit 250 may further include one or more lower switchboards (not shown) for supplying power at a lower voltage than the switchboard 230.
- the service load includes an LPG storage load used to store the LPG, a user convenience load used for the passenger's convenience of the LPG carrier.
- LPG is a flammable material, and LPG carriers must control the temperature and pressure of cargo tanks or pipelines in order to efficiently and reliably ship or unload LPG. In addition, in order to safely transport LPG by sea, it is necessary to continuously control the temperature and pressure of the cargo tank during normal sailing.
- LPG storage loads including loads that operate to load, unload, and store LPG on LPG carriers, and loads that operate for management of LPG stored during operation (eg, LPG cooling, compression, etc.), correspond to variable loads. do. For this reason, most of the service loads correspond to variable loads with a variable load rate.
- the LPG storage load is, for example, cargo compressor (Cargo Compressor), cargo pump (Cargo Pump), cargo spray pump (Cargo Spray Pump), stripping pump (stripping pump), deep well (Depp Well) pump, booster Booster pumps, and the like.
- each separated power system 100, 200 of the LPG carrier power supply system 1 has an independent system configuration, such that the power system 100, 200 may be configured in various or different ways depending on the design purpose. Can be.
- each power system 100, 200 is configured to configure and operate a generator that is primarily optimized for the type of load included.
- the mandatory load power system 100 (eg, the generator 110) may include a fixed RPM generator
- the service load power system 200 may include a variable RPM generator.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic system structure diagram of a power supply system for an LPG carrier configured to have a variable RPM generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the generators 111 and 112 of the essential load power system 100 are fixed RPM generators, and the generator 211 of the service load power system 200 is a variable RPM generator.
- the variable load is characterized by a change in the load ratio.
- the generators 111 and 112 of FIG. 23 are configured to operate in an optimum efficiency interval (ie, load rate range of 75 to 85%).
- the vessel load of the LPG carrier is mixed in a single grid, so that the operation mode of the LPG carrier is approximately 40 to 70% (for example, 43 to 71%). It has a range of load factors.
- the vessel load of the LPG carrier is divided into power systems 100 and 200, so that the total load capacity of the power system including the essential load includes the essential load in FIG. 1. (Ie, the entire power supply system of FIG. 1).
- This can reduce the capacity of the generator (or engine) used to supply power to the essential load as compared to the power supply system of FIG. 1.
- the cost of generator equipment for essential loads is reduced and the space utilization in the engine room is increased.
- most of the load of the service load power system 200 is a variable load in which the load rate changes.
- the service load power system 200 of the power supply system 1 of FIG. 23 is configured to drive a variable RPM generator capable of variable speed operation in accordance with a load rate variation of the power system 200.
- variable RPM generator when controlling the rotational speed of the variable RPM generator with RPM having an optimal power generation efficiency for each load section, when the continuous load, variable load is mixed in a single system In comparison, the fuel efficiency of the generator for supplying power to the variable load can be improved.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a load ratio of a load stage in a power system and a fuel consumption of a generator for powering the load stage.
- a fixed RPM generator was used to supply a variable load (eg, LPG storage load).
- the service load of the whole cargo part has an average load rate of 30 to 60%.
- the power supply system of FIG. 1 has a fuel efficiency corresponding to P F at a load rate of 45% as an example of a low load period.
- the power supply system 1 of FIG. 23 has a fuel efficiency corresponding to P V.
- P F and P V it is shown that the power supply system 1 of FIG. 23 consumes less fuel amount to generate 1 kwh of power.
- the power supply system 1 of FIG. 23 is calculated to have an improvement in fuel consumption of approximately 8% compared to the power supply system of FIG. 1 in generating the same power for service load of the LPG carrier.
- the power generation efficiency is further increased by controlling the generator rotational speed with an RPM having an optimal generation efficiency corresponding to the load section. It can be improved.
- the low load section L1 is a section having a load ratio of 10 to 40% and has a fuel consumption of approximately 285 to 210 g / kwh.
- the heavy load section L2 is a section with a load ratio of 40 to 60% and has a fuel consumption of approximately 210 to 194 g / kwh.
- the high load section L3 is a section with a load ratio of 80 to 100% and has a fuel consumption of approximately 185 to 190 g / kwh.
- the fuel consumption in the high load section L3 is almost similar to that of FIG. 1.
- the fuel consumption rate per kwh is improved by about 6 to 10%
- the heavy load section L2 the fuel consumption per kwh is improved by about 10 to 35%.
- variable RPM generator of the service power system 200 of FIG. 23 may control the RPM based on the load ratio of each load section, thereby improving power generation efficiency of the power generation unit 210.
- the switchboard 230 may be configured to have a specific frequency (eg, 50 Hz or 60 Hz).
- the power generation unit 210 generates AC power based on the load ratio of each load section, and alternating current (AC) electric signal having a frequency (eg, 50 Hz or 60 Hz) matching the frequency of the switchboard 230. It is configured to output.
- AC alternating current
- the power generation unit 210 includes an alternating current (AC) / AC (AC) converter 214 located between the generator 211 and the switchboard 230.
- the AC / AC converter 214 is configured to convert the frequency of the alternating current (AC) electrical signal generated in the variable RPM generator to a specific frequency (eg, 50 Hz or 60 Hz) of the switchboard 230.
- the power generation unit 210 may output an alternating current (AC) electric signal having a specific frequency of the switchboard 230.
- the power distribution system in each of the power systems 100 and 200 may be configured to enable low voltage DC distribution and / or low voltage AC distribution.
- 25 is an essential load power system configured to perform alternating current distribution with a fixed RPM generator and a service load power system having a variable RPM generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a schematic system structure diagram of a power supply system for a carrier ship is shown.
- the service load power system 200 is further configured to partially allow DC distribution.
- the generators 111 and 112 may be fixed RPM generators, and the generator 211 may be a variable RPM generator.
- the power generation unit 210 further includes an AC / DC converter 216 for receiving an AC electrical signal and converting the same into a DC electrical signal.
- the load unit may further include a direct current (DC) / alternating current (AC) inverter 226 for receiving a direct current (DC) electric signal and converting it into an alternating current (AC) electric signal.
- the power system 200 further includes a direct current (DC) switchboard 220 including a direct current (DC) main bus 221 between the power generation unit 210 and the switch panel 230. can do.
- the DC switchboard 220 may efficiently supply power to a plurality of service loads disposed in a carrier.
- the power system 200 may include a plurality of direct current (DC) / AC (AC) inverters 226A to 226B for electrically connecting the service load of each of the switchboard 220 and the switchboard 230.
- the power supply system 1 the mandatory load power system may be composed of a fixed RPM generator-based AC distribution
- the service load power system may be of a variable RPM generator-based DC or AC distribution.
- the power supply system 1 for the LPG carrier is further configured to monitor the status of the power system and to control the power supply.
- FIG. 26 is a schematic system structure diagram of an LPG carrier power supply system further configured to be distributed to a service load in an emergency according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the mandatory load power system 100 includes a plurality of generators (eg, 111 and 112 in FIG. 26), the plurality of generators being generators operating during navigation (eg, 111 in FIG. 26) and the A standby generator (eg, 112 in FIG. 26) that operates in the event of a generator accident.
- a plurality of generators eg, 111 and 112 in FIG. 26
- the plurality of generators being generators operating during navigation (eg, 111 in FIG. 26)
- the A standby generator eg, 112 in FIG. 26 that operates in the event of a generator accident.
- the power supply system 1 is a standby generator of the essential load power system 100 when the accident of the generator 211 of the service load power system 200 is supplied to the service load unit 250 Configured to supply.
- the essential load power system 100 includes a redundancy unit 120 for supplying power to the service load power system 200.
- the redundancy unit 120 is a bus connection switch connecting the switchboard 130 and the switchboard 230. It includes.
- the power supply system 1 of FIG. 26 monitors an electric signal or a power supply state of the power system 200 (for example, by a control unit), and generates an occurrence of a generator accident of the power system 200 based on the monitoring result. Detect.
- the power supply system 1 controls the redundancy unit 120 in response to the detection of the occurrence of a generator accident, the switchboard 130 of the essential load power system 100 and the switchboard 230 of the service load power system 200 that were separated. ) Is electrically connected, and the standby power generator is configured to maintain a power supply to the load part (that is, the service load part 250) of the power system in which an accident occurs.
- the controller determines that the controller is in a normal state without an accident. On the other hand, if the electrical signal of the power generation unit 210 exceeds a predetermined threshold range, it is determined that an accident has occurred.
- the threshold range may be variously set according to the power generation scale and power generation system of the generator.
- the power supply system 1 configured to control the redundancy unit 120 described above with reference to FIG. 26 to supply power to the service load power system 200 is not limited to the configuration of FIG. 26. It will be obvious to the technicians.
- the power supply system 1 of FIG. 26 is an embodiment in which the generator 211 is a fixed RPM generator, and the generator 210 does not include an AC / AC converter 214. May also be implemented.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic system structure diagram of an LPG carrier power supply system further configured to be distributed to a service load in an emergency according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the redundancy unit 120 may include a single pole double throw (SPDT).
- the SPDT is configured to connect a first path from the standby generator (eg, 112) to the switchboard 130, or a second path from the standby generator to the switchboard 230 of the service load power system 200.
- FIG. 28 is a schematic system structural diagram of an LPG carrier power supply system further configured to be capable of power distribution with a service load configured to partially perform direct current distribution with a variable RPM generator in an emergency according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the service load power system 200 is partially configured to distribute DC current.
- the required load power system 100 includes a redundancy unit 120 to supply power from the standby generator (eg, 112) to the service load unit 250.
- the redundancy unit 120 includes an SPDT.
- the SPDT travels from a standby generator (eg, 112) to the switchboard 130, or from an standby generator to an alternating current (AC) / direct current (DC) converter 216 of the service load power system 200. And to connect the second path.
- a standby generator eg, 112
- AC alternating current
- DC direct current
- the redundant unit 120 of FIG. 28 is configured to supply power to the service load unit 250 through an AC / DC converter DC 216 in which a standby generator of the power generation unit 110 is already designed. It is configured not to require an additional converter to allow the power of the standby generator to be converted to direct current in the service load power system 200.
- the redundant unit 120 of FIG. 28 controls the redundant unit 120 when an accident occurs in the generator 211 so that the standby generator supplies power to the service load unit 250, and the power of the standby generator is alternating current ( By passing through AC / DC (DC) converter 216 and DC / DC (AC) inverter 226, power supply system 1 provides direct current distribution to service load 250 in an emergency. Power the standby generator.
- DC DC
- AC DC / DC
- the power supply system 1 described with reference to FIGS. 26 to 28 may supply power to the service load unit 250 even when a generator accident occurs in the separated service load power system 200. This maintains power supply to the LPG storage load, such as a cargo tank storing LPG, thereby maintaining control over temperature, pressure, and the like of the cargo tank, and eventually transporting the LPG safely.
- the LPG storage load such as a cargo tank storing LPG
- the structure of the power supply system 1 shown around FIG. 3 may be different depending on the ship environment such as the load capacity included in the ship.
- three generators may be included in the power system 100.
- the generating capacity of the three generators may be the same or not all the same.
- 440V applied to the switchboard 130 of FIG. 3 is merely an exemplary voltage indicating a lower voltage than the 6.6kV of FIG. 1, and the switchboards 130 and 230 may supply power at different voltages in some cases.
- 450V may be applied to the switchboard 130 depending on the rated voltage of the different loads, or 690V may be applied to the switchboard 230 by an alternating current (AC) / direct current (DC) converter.
- AC alternating current
- DC direct current
- the power supply system 1 may control the operation of the generator according to the time zone (or the operation mode) and adjust the amount of power supplied to the load unit. For example, if the required load 150 of the power system 100 does not require the generating capacity of two generators 111 and 112, the marine power supply system 1 may be at least one generator (eg, The generator 111 may be set as a standby generator to stop operation, and if necessary, the standby generator may be used to supply power to the essential load unit 150 and other purposes.
- the generator 111 may be set as a standby generator to stop operation, and if necessary, the standby generator may be used to supply power to the essential load unit 150 and other purposes.
- the load corresponding to the essential load in the ship regulations and the essential load in the ship regulations does not correspond to the essential load (eg, important load, etc.) required for the operation of the ship It can have a mandatory load power system, and a service load power system.
- the essential load eg, important load, etc.
- the load can have a mandatory load power system, and a service load power system.
- low-voltage distribution is possible, and expensive high-pressure cut-off facilities are not required, and a large-capacity decompression transformer for reducing high pressure to low pressure is not required, thereby reducing system installation costs.
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- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
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- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
- 필수부하 및 서비스 부하를 갖는 선박에 있어서,필수부하에 연관된 제1 전력 계통; 및서비스부하에 연관된 제2 전력 계통을 포함하는 선박.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 전력 계통 및 제2 전력 계통은 고정 RPM 발전기를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 선박.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 전력 계통은 제1 발전부, 제1 배전반 및 선박의 운항에 요구되는 필수부하를 포함하고,상기 제2 전력 계통은 제2 발전부, 제2 배전반 및 선박의 서비스를 위한 서비스부하를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 선박.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 제2 발전부의 고정 RPM 발전기는,상기 제2 배전반의 주파수에 매칭하는 주파수를 갖는 전력을 발전하도록 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는 선박.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제2 발전부는 복수의 발전기를 포함하고,상기 제2 배전반은 복수의 버스를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 선박.
- 제5항에 있어서,중부하 또는 저부하 구간에서는 상기 복수의 발전기 중 하나의 발전기만 발전하고, 상기 제2 배전반은 클로즈-버스(closed-bus)로 제어되는 것을 특징으로 하는 선박.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 전력 계통 및 제2 전력 계통은 저압으로 부하에 전력을 공급하는 저압 배전반 만을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 선박.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2020570974A JP7236474B2 (ja) | 2018-06-18 | 2019-06-18 | 低圧配電が適用された船舶 |
CN202410225863.2A CN118124787A (zh) | 2018-06-18 | 2019-06-18 | 应用低压配电的船 |
EP19821957.8A EP3808649A4 (en) | 2018-06-18 | 2019-06-18 | LOW VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION APPLICATION VESSEL |
CN201980053993.XA CN112566841B (zh) | 2018-06-18 | 2019-06-18 | 应用低压配电的船 |
CA3115625A CA3115625C (en) | 2018-06-18 | 2019-06-18 | Ship to which low voltage distribution is applied |
Applications Claiming Priority (14)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR10-2018-0069574 | 2018-06-18 | ||
KR20180069574 | 2018-06-18 | ||
KR10-2018-0084060 | 2018-07-19 | ||
KR20180084060 | 2018-07-19 | ||
KR1020180127722A KR102155423B1 (ko) | 2018-06-18 | 2018-10-24 | 저압 배전이 적용된 선박 |
KR1020180127560A KR102155422B1 (ko) | 2018-06-18 | 2018-10-24 | 저압 배전이 적용된 선박 |
KR10-2018-0127560 | 2018-10-24 | ||
KR10-2018-0127722 | 2018-10-24 | ||
KR10-2019-0050394 | 2019-04-30 | ||
KR10-2019-0050396 | 2019-04-30 | ||
KR1020190050396A KR102222741B1 (ko) | 2018-06-18 | 2019-04-30 | 저압 배전이 적용된 선박 |
KR10-2019-0050392 | 2019-04-30 | ||
KR1020190050394A KR102222737B1 (ko) | 2018-06-18 | 2019-04-30 | 저압 배전이 적용된 선박 |
KR1020190050392A KR102222740B1 (ko) | 2018-06-18 | 2019-04-30 | 저압 배전이 적용된 선박 |
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WO2019245259A1 true WO2019245259A1 (ko) | 2019-12-26 |
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PCT/KR2019/007326 WO2019245259A1 (ko) | 2018-06-18 | 2019-06-18 | 저압 배전이 적용된 선박 |
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EP (1) | EP3808649A4 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN118124787A (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2019245259A1 (ko) |
Cited By (1)
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CN111478307A (zh) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-07-31 | 无锡赛思亿电气科技有限公司 | 船舶直流组网电力系统及其运行和功率优化控制方法 |
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RU209734U1 (ru) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-22 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Русское Электротехническое Общество" | Распределительный модуль |
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EP3808649A1 (en) | 2021-04-21 |
EP3808649A4 (en) | 2022-03-23 |
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