WO2019241949A1 - 穿刺导向器和穿刺导向系统 - Google Patents

穿刺导向器和穿刺导向系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019241949A1
WO2019241949A1 PCT/CN2018/092139 CN2018092139W WO2019241949A1 WO 2019241949 A1 WO2019241949 A1 WO 2019241949A1 CN 2018092139 W CN2018092139 W CN 2018092139W WO 2019241949 A1 WO2019241949 A1 WO 2019241949A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
puncture
guide
wall
hook
groove
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PCT/CN2018/092139
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王沁
Original Assignee
王沁
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 王沁 filed Critical 王沁
Priority to PCT/CN2018/092139 priority Critical patent/WO2019241949A1/zh
Priority to EP18923016.2A priority patent/EP3811993A4/en
Priority to US17/254,181 priority patent/US12064138B2/en
Publication of WO2019241949A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019241949A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/46—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for controlling depth of insertion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3403—Needle locating or guiding means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/08—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings
    • A61B8/0833—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings involving detecting or locating foreign bodies or organic structures
    • A61B8/0841—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings involving detecting or locating foreign bodies or organic structures for locating instruments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3403—Needle locating or guiding means
    • A61B2017/3413—Needle locating or guiding means guided by ultrasound
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/42—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests having means for desensitising skin, for protruding skin to facilitate piercing, or for locating point where body is to be pierced
    • A61M5/427—Locating point where body is to be pierced, e.g. vein location means using ultrasonic waves, injection site templates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly to a puncture guide and a puncture guide system.
  • Intravenous catheterization is generally based on the ultrasound image and the puncture guide function of the puncture frame to place an infusion catheter into a venous blood vessel.
  • In-plane puncture refers to the puncture process of the puncture needle guided by the puncture frame into the ultrasound beam emitted by the ultrasound; Refers to the puncture process performed by the puncture needle guided by the puncture frame in whole or in part outside the ultrasound beam.
  • the puncture in the plane can display the path of the puncture needle in real time, and can accurately see the position of the needle tip.
  • the out-of-plane puncture paths are more complicated.
  • the puncture of the center side of the probe is preferred for puncture, and the target area is displayed in the middle of the ultrasonic scanning surface.
  • the distance between the blind spots is too large to see the position of the needle tip, so you need to shake back and forth while entering the needle to roughly understand the depth of the puncture and the distance from the target depth. It only ends when the puncture needle returns blood or reaches the target position. It is also obvious: the target position cannot be reached quickly and effectively, and if the puncture is not accurate, the needle needs to be repeatedly inserted multiple times.
  • the puncture frame is equipped with needle groove plates of various specifications for doctors to choose during surgery. Needle groove plates that are not used are discarded and wasted, which increases the amount of surgical consumables, increases the financial burden on patients, and extends the operation time .
  • the present invention provides a puncture guide and a puncture guide system, which can realize a puncture channel adaptive to the diameter of a puncture needle in the puncture guide.
  • a puncture guide is provided.
  • the puncture guide of the present invention is used for connecting with a puncture frame
  • the puncture guide includes a depth block and a push plate
  • the depth block includes: a connection structure for connecting with the puncture frame; interconnected and forming an angle A first guide wall and a second guide wall
  • the push plate includes: a pin slot plate; an adaptive component; a first end surface of the pin slot plate and the first and second guide walls surround a puncture channel
  • a displacement can occur between the first end surface of the needle slot plate and the first and second guide walls, so that the puncture channel can be automatically changed according to the specifications of the puncture needle So that it can automatically adapt to puncture needles with different needle diameter specifications.
  • the adaptive component is an elastic component.
  • connection structure includes a cylindrical convex groove and two mounting walls parallel to each other; the cylindrical convex groove can be connected with a groove on the puncture frame; and the second guide wall is located on the first guide wall.
  • the first side is perpendicular to the first guide wall and is perpendicular to the first edge of the first guide wall; the cylindrical projection is parallel to the first edge of the second side of the first guide wall and Connection; the mounting wall extends from the second side of the first guide wall in a direction away from the first guide wall.
  • a convex hull is provided on one or two of the mounting walls, and the convex hull can be connected with a groove or a recess on the puncture frame.
  • the elastic component includes a tension plate and an elastic wall, and the tension plate and the needle groove plate are fixedly connected by two connecting rods, and the tension plate, the needle groove plate, and the connecting rod form a rectangle; One end is connected to the tensioning plate, the opposite end of the first end is on the first side of the first guide wall, the thrust of the elastic wall is directed to the second side of the second guide wall, and the puncture channel is located A second side of the second guide wall.
  • the first end surface of the needle groove plate is a sloped surface having a slope shape, so as to surround the first guide wall and the second guide wall to form a puncture channel with a triangular cross section.
  • a puncture guide system is provided.
  • the puncture guide system of the present invention includes a puncture frame and the puncture guide according to the present invention, and the puncture frame includes an annular puncture frame body and at least one hook fixed on the puncture frame body; It cooperates with the connection structure on the puncture guide to connect the puncture guide to the puncture frame.
  • each of the two ends of the opening of the puncture frame is provided with a connection port; the puncture guide system further includes a lock for connecting the two connection ports in a non-detachable manner at the same time, Therefore, the puncture frame forms a closed loop; a weak portion is provided on the lock, and the lock can be torn from the weak portion to destroy the puncture frame.
  • the weak portion is composed of one or more rows of spaced holes on the lock buckle.
  • the hook has a groove at the top, which can be connected to the cylindrical convex of the puncture guide by rotation; the hook has two mutually parallel hook walls below the top of the hook, and is perpendicular to the extending direction of the groove at the top of the hook;
  • the hook wall is provided with a U-shaped groove, which can be slidably connected with the convex hull on the installation wall of the puncture guide.
  • the hook has a groove at the top, which can be connected to the cylindrical convex of the puncture guide by rotation; the hook has two mutually parallel hook walls below the top of the hook, and is perpendicular to the extending direction of the groove at the top of the hook;
  • the hook wall is provided with a recess, which can be fixedly connected to the convex hull on the installation wall of the puncture guide.
  • the needle groove plate is provided with an elastic member, and a puncture channel whose size is adaptive to the needle diameter of the puncture needle can be formed.
  • the mounting walls on the depth blocks on different puncture guides can have poor conductivity, so as to achieve a multi-angle puncture channel.
  • the vertical design of the first guide wall and the second guide wall is convenient for an operator to pull the first guide wall with a finger to open the puncture channel, and the puncture needle can be easily removed from the puncture channel.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application state of a puncture guide system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an assembled state of a puncture guide system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded state of a puncture guide system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a puncture frame main body and a puncture guide according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a puncture guide according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a depth block according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a push plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a front view of a puncture guide according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application state of a puncture guide system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a ring-shaped puncture frame main body 01 is sleeved on an ultrasound probe 05.
  • a puncture guide 02 is fixed on the puncture frame main body, and a puncture needle 03 passes through a puncture channel in the puncture guide 02.
  • Fig. 1 shows the state of puncture out of the plane. If the position of the puncture guide 02 on the puncture frame main body 01 is changed, the puncture guide can also be applied to in-plane puncture.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an assembled state of a puncture guide system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the top is a top view of the system, and the bottom is a front view of the system.
  • the puncture guide 2 is mounted on the annular puncture frame body 1.
  • the figure shows a case where one puncture guide is installed, and a plurality of puncture guides can also be installed on the puncture frame body during application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an exploded state of a puncture guide system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the puncture guide system has a puncture frame body 11 and a puncture guide 2.
  • the puncture frame body can be made into an opening.
  • the two ends of the opening are respectively provided with connection ports 1101 and 1102. Lock to form a closed loop.
  • the connection mode of the lock buckle 12 at the opening may be non-removable.
  • both the lock buckle 12 and the opening have barbs (refer to the connection buckle 112 in FIG. 4). The barbs of the two are blocked by each other after being hooked with each other.
  • the inside of the lock catch 12 cannot be removed.
  • the lock 12 can be provided with weak parts, such as one or more rows of spaced holes, which can be similar to the holes between stamps, or other shaped holes, so that the lock 12 can be torn at the positions of these holes As a result, the puncture frame is destroyed.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a puncture frame main body and a puncture guide according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the main body of the puncture frame is provided with a connecting buckle 112, and the top of the hook 111 is provided with a cylindrical groove 1111.
  • the hook 111 has a hook wall 1113 and a hook wall 1114 parallel to each other below the top, and is perpendicular to the extending direction of the groove 1111.
  • U-shaped grooves 1112 may be provided on the hook wall 1113 and the hook wall 1114, as shown in the figure; and recesses may also be provided, not shown in the figure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a puncture guide according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • multiple views of the puncture guide are shown in FIG. 5.
  • the upper and lower figures on the left are the top and front views of the puncture guide, respectively.
  • the upper picture on the right is a stereoscopic view and the lower right is shown.
  • the puncture guide includes a depth block 21 and a push plate 22, and the specific structures of the two are further described below.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a depth block according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the depth block includes a first guide wall 211 and a second guide wall 212 which are connected to each other and form an included angle (shown as a right angle in the figure).
  • the first guide wall 211 is at Above the second guide wall 212 and the two are perpendicular to each other, the two mounting walls 213 extend below the second guide wall 212 and extend downward, and a convex hull 2131 may be disposed on one or both of the two mounting walls 213.
  • the cylindrical convex groove 214 is parallel to and connected to one edge of the second guide wall 212, and is arranged on both sides of the second guide wall 212 with the first guide wall 211.
  • the cylindrical convexity 214 and the two mounting walls 213 can realize the connection between the depth block and the puncture frame, that is, they constitute a connection structure.
  • the cylindrical convex groove 214 is rotatably connected with the cylindrical groove 1111 on the top of the hook 111; if there is no groove or pit on the convex hull 2131 and the hook wall 1114, the friction wall is used between the mounting wall and the hook wall. tight.
  • the depth block may be connected to the puncture frame in other ways.
  • the cylindrical groove 1111 is matched with the cylindrical convex groove 214 to form a rotary connection, and can be equipped with mounting walls of various lengths, so that various angles can be conveniently formed (refer to FIG. 1, which is a puncture needle) 03 angle with the horizontal plane), so that the depth of puncture can be adjusted.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a push plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the push plate has a rectangular shape as a whole, and includes a tension plate 221, two elastic walls 2211, a pin slot plate 222, and two connecting rods 223.
  • the relationship is shown in the figure, that is, one end of the two elastic walls 2211 is connected to the tension plate 221, and the tension plate 221 is connected to the needle groove plate 222 by two connecting rods 223.
  • the push plate in the left figure in FIG. 7 is turned over, it is in the right figure.
  • the first end surface 2221 of the needle groove plate 222 near the elastic wall 2211 is a sloped inclined surface 2221.
  • the cross section of the puncture channel is triangular. Further explanation.
  • FIG. 8 is a front view of a puncture guide according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first guide wall 211 and the second guide wall 212 and the inclined surface 2221 define a puncture channel 80.
  • the elastic force generated by the elastic member composed of the tension plate 211 and the two elastic walls 2211 is the pushing force to the left according to the angle of view in the figure, that is, the thrust force toward the needle groove plate 222. Therefore, the size or thickness of the puncture channel 80 can occur to a certain extent.
  • the first guide wall 211 When the puncture needle is inserted into the puncture channel (refer to the upper left figure in Figure 5, the upward arrow on the right side of the number 05 is the insertion direction), the first guide wall 211 can be squeezed to the right in the figure; and With the above thrust, the first guide wall 211 and the inclined surface 2221 will maintain the state of clamping the puncture needle. It can be seen that the size of the puncture channel can be adapted to the diameter of the puncture needle.
  • the shape of the two elastic walls 2211 in the embodiment of the present invention is roughly the shape of a pair of brackets, and may also be a pair or a single S-shape, or other shapes, as long as an elastic force can be generated in the direction of the first elastic wall.
  • the shape of the first guide wall 211 in each drawing is a straight plate.
  • the first guide wall 211 may be slightly bent in the direction of the tension plate 211 or the direction of the pin groove plate 222, which is to the left or The right is slightly curved, in which case one side of the cross section of the puncture channel 80 is also curved.
  • the needle slot plate is provided with an elastic member, and a puncture channel whose size is adaptive to the needle diameter of the puncture needle can be formed.
  • the mounting walls on the depth blocks on different puncture guides can have poor conductivity, so as to achieve a multi-angle puncture channel.
  • the vertical design of the first guide wall and the second guide wall is convenient for an operator to pull the first guide wall with a finger to open the puncture channel, and the puncture needle can be easily removed from the puncture channel.

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Abstract

一种穿刺导向器(02,2)和穿刺导向系统，能够在穿刺导向器(02,2)中实现自适应于穿刺针(03)直径的穿刺通道(80)。穿刺导向器(02,2)，用于与穿刺架连接，穿刺导向器(02,2)包含深度块(21)和推板(22)，其中：深度块(21)包含：连接结构，用于与穿刺架连接；相互连接并构成夹角的第一导向壁(211)和第二导向壁(212)；推板(22)包含：针槽板(222)；自适应部件；针槽板(222)的第一端面(2221)与第一导向壁(211)和第二导向壁(212)围成穿刺通道(80)，并且在自适应部件的作用下，针槽板(222)的第一端面(2221)与第一导向壁(211)和第二导向壁(212)之间能够发生位移，使得穿刺通道(80)能够根据穿刺针(03)的规格自动变化，从而能够自动适应不同针径规格的穿刺针(03)。穿刺导向系统包括穿刺架和穿刺导向器(02,2)。

Description

穿刺导向器和穿刺导向系统 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域，特别地涉及一种穿刺导向器和穿刺导向系统。
背景技术
随着医学和护理学的发展，输液工具也从单纯的头皮针，发展到面对静脉留置针、输液港、PICC等多种输液工具的选择，那么需要医生掌握好各种输液工具的应用，才能够更高的提高日常的工作效率和护理水平。目前PICC外周中心静脉置管术作为辅助输液工具的一种，正以前所未有的速度在临床得到普及应用。静脉置管术一般是在超声影像下，配合穿刺架的穿刺导向功能，将输液导管置入到静脉血管之中。
目前超声影像配合穿刺架的穿刺主要分为：平面内穿刺和平面外穿刺两种，平面内穿刺是指穿刺架引导的穿刺针在超声发出的声束内进针的穿刺过程；平面外穿刺是指穿刺架引导的穿刺针整体或局部在超声发出的声束以外进行的穿刺过程。平面内穿刺可以实时的显示穿刺针的路径，可以准确的看到针尖所在的位置。而平面外的穿刺路径较多较复杂，一般首选探头侧方中心线位置进针穿刺，将目标区域显示在超声扫面范围中部，固定探头位置，穿刺针从探头侧方破皮进针，由于盲区距离太大，无法看到针尖位置所在，所以需要边进针边前后晃动才能大概了解穿刺的深度和距离目标深度的距离，当穿刺针有回血时或达到目标位置才结束，因此存在的弊端也是显而易见的：不能有效快速的直达目标位置，如果一次扎不准还需反复多次进针。同时，由于不同的穿刺手术需要采用的穿刺针的规格大小也不一样，因此每次手术时，医生还要选择与穿刺针直径规格匹配的针槽来满足手术的需要，现有技术中的做法主要是，穿刺架配有各种规格直径针槽板供 医生手术时选择，用不到的针槽板就报废浪费了，增加了手术耗材的用量，增加了病人的经济负担，延长了手术时间。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种穿刺导向器和穿刺导向系统，能够在穿刺导向器中实现自适应于穿刺针直径的穿刺通道。本发明的其他目的、有益效果将结合具体实施方式加以说明或者体现。
为实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种穿刺导向器。
本发明的穿刺导向器，用于与穿刺架连接，所述穿刺导向器包含深度块和推板，其中：所述深度块包含：连接结构，用于与穿刺架连接；相互连接并构成夹角的第一导向壁和第二导向壁；所述推板包含：针槽板；自适应部件；所述针槽板的第一端面与所述第一导向壁和第二导向壁围成穿刺通道，并且在所述自适应部件的作用下，所述针槽板的第一端面与所述第一导向壁和第二导向壁之间能够发生位移，使得穿刺通道能够根据穿刺针的规格自动变化，从而能够自动适应不同针径规格的穿刺针。
可选地，所述自适应部件为弹力部件。
可选地，所述连接结构包含圆柱凸楞和两个互相平行的安装壁；所述圆柱凸楞能够与穿刺架上的凹槽连接；所述第二导向壁位于所述第一导向壁的第一侧，垂直于所述第一导向壁并且与所述第一导向壁的第一边缘垂直；所述圆柱凸楞与所述第一导向壁的第二侧的所述第一边缘平行并且连接；所述安装壁自所述第一导向壁的第二侧起向远离第一导向壁的方向延伸。
可选地，一个或两个所述安装壁上设有凸包，所述凸包能够与穿 刺架上的凹槽或凹坑连接。
可选地，所述弹力部件包含拉紧板和弹性壁，拉紧板和针槽板由两个连杆固定连接在一起，拉紧板、针槽板、以及连杆构成长方形；弹性壁第一端与拉紧板连接，该第一端的对端顶在所述第一导向壁的第一侧，弹性壁的推力指向所述第二导向壁的第二侧，并且所述穿刺通道位于所述第二导向壁的第二侧。
可选地，所述弹性壁为2个，呈一对括号形状。
可选地，所述针槽板的第一端面是呈斜坡形状的斜面，从而与所述第一导向壁和第二导向壁围成截面为三角形的穿刺通道。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种穿刺导向系统。
本发明的穿刺导向系统包括穿刺架和本发明所述的穿刺导向器，并且：所述穿刺架包含环形的穿刺架主体，以及固定在所述穿刺架主体上的至少一个挂钩；所述挂钩用于与穿刺导向器上的连接结构相配合，使穿刺导向器连接到穿刺架上。
可选地，所述穿刺架的开口处的两个端头各设有一个连接口；所述穿刺导向系统还包含锁扣，用于同时与两个所述连接口以不可拆卸的方式连接，从而使所述穿刺架构成一个封闭的环状；所述锁扣上设置有薄弱部，所述锁扣能够从该薄弱部撕裂从而使所述穿刺架销毁。
可选地，所述薄弱部由所述锁扣上的一列或多列具有间隔的孔构成。
可选地，所述挂钩顶部具有凹槽，能够与穿刺导向器的圆柱凸楞旋转连接；所述挂钩顶部下方具有两个互相平行的挂钩壁，并且与挂钩顶部的凹槽延伸方向垂直；所述挂钩壁上设有U型凹槽，能够与穿 刺导向器的安装壁上的凸包滑动连接。
可选地，所述挂钩顶部具有凹槽，能够与穿刺导向器的圆柱凸楞旋转连接；所述挂钩顶部下方具有两个互相平行的挂钩壁，并且与挂钩顶部的凹槽延伸方向垂直；所述挂钩壁上设有凹坑，能够与穿刺导向器的安装壁上的凸包固定连接。
根据本发明的技术方案，针槽板上具有弹力部件，能够形成大小自适应于穿刺针的针径的穿刺通道。不同的穿刺导向器上的深度块上的安装壁可以具有差导性，从而实现多角度的穿刺通道。第一导向壁与第二导向壁的垂直设计便于操作者用手指抠动第一导向壁以打开穿刺通道，穿刺针就很容易的从穿刺通道中被取出。
附图说明
附图用于更好地理解本发明，不构成对本发明的不当限定。其中：
图1是根据本发明实施方式的穿刺导向系统的应用状态的示意图；
图2是根据本发明实施方式的穿刺导向系统的装配状态的示意图；
图3是根据本发明实施方式的穿刺导向系统的分解状态的示意图；
图4是根据本发明实施方式的穿刺架主体和穿刺导向器的示意图；
图5是根据本发明实施方式的穿刺导向器的示意图；
图6是根据本发明实施方式的深度块的结构的示意图；
图7是根据本发明实施方式的推板的示意图；
图8是根据本发明实施方式的穿刺导向器的正视图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的示范性实施例做出说明，其中包括本发明实施例的各种细节以助于理解，应当将它们认为仅仅是示范性的。因此，本领域普通技术人员应当认识到，可以对这里描述的实施例做出各种改变和修改，而不会背离本发明的范围和精神。同样，为了清楚和简明，以下的描述中省略了对公知功能和结构的描述。
图1是根据本发明实施方式的穿刺导向系统的应用状态的示意图。如图1所示，环形的穿刺架主体01套在超声探头05上，穿刺架主体上固定有穿刺导向器02，穿刺针03从穿刺导向器02中的穿刺通道中穿过。图1示出的是平面外穿刺的状态。如改变穿刺导向器02在穿刺架主体01上的位置，则该穿刺导向器也可适用于平面内穿刺。
图2是根据本发明实施方式的穿刺导向系统的装配状态的示意图。如图2所示，上方是该系统的俯视图，下方是该系统的正视图，其中穿刺导向器2安装在环形的穿刺架主体1上。图中示出的是安装了1个穿刺导向器的情形，在应用时也可以在穿刺架主体上安装多个穿刺导向器。
图3是根据本发明实施方式的穿刺导向系统的分解状态的示意图。穿刺导向系统具有穿刺架主体11和穿刺导向器2，为了安装方便，穿刺架主体可以做成开口的，开口处的两个端头分别设有连接口1101和1102，二者同时由锁扣12锁住从而形成闭合的环形。锁扣12在开口处的连接方式可以是不可拆卸的，例如锁扣12和开口处都具有倒钩(可参考图4中的连接扣112)，二者的倒钩互相钩住之后被遮挡在锁扣12内从而无法拆卸。另外，锁扣12上可以设置薄弱部，例如一列或多列具有间隔的孔，可类似于邮票之间的孔，或其他形状的孔，这样锁扣12能够在这些孔的位置处被撕裂从而使穿刺架销毁。
图4是根据本发明实施方式的穿刺架主体和穿刺导向器的示意图。如图4所示，穿刺架主体上具有连接扣112，挂钩111的顶部具有圆柱凹槽1111。挂钩111的顶部下方具有互相平行的挂钩壁1113和挂钩壁1114，并且与凹槽1111延伸方向垂直。挂钩壁1113和挂钩壁1114上可以设置U型凹槽1112，如图中所示；也可以设置凹坑，图未示。
图5是根据本发明实施方式的穿刺导向器的示意图。为便于观察， 将穿刺导向器的多个视图同示于图5中，其中左边的上图和下图分别为穿刺导向器的俯视图和正视图，右边的上图为立体视图，右边下方示出了穿刺导向器的分解状态，如图中所示，穿刺导向器包含深度块21和推板22，以下对二者的具体结构做进一步说明。
图6是根据本发明实施方式的深度块的结构的示意图。为便于观察，将深度块的两个立体视图同示于图6中。如图6中的左图所示，深度块包含相互连接并构成夹角(图中示为直角)的第一导向壁211和第二导向壁212，按该图视角，第一导向壁211在第二导向壁212上方并且二者互相垂直，两个安装壁213在第二导向壁212下方并向下延伸，并且两个安装壁213中的一者或二者上可设置凸包2131。再参考图6中的右图，圆柱凸楞214是与第二导向壁212的一个边缘平行并且连接于该边缘处，并且与第一导向壁211分列于第二导向壁212的两侧。
与穿刺架上的挂钩111的结构相配合，圆柱凸楞214与两个安装壁213能够实现深度块与穿刺架连接，即二者构成一种连接结构。具体而言，圆柱凸楞214与挂钩111顶部的圆柱凹槽1111旋转连接；如果没有凸包2131和挂钩壁1114上的凹槽或凹坑，则安装壁和挂钩壁之间是依靠摩擦力贴紧。本发明实施方式不限于上述几种，在实现中也可以采用其他方式将深度块与穿刺架连接。
本发明实施方式中采用圆柱凹槽1111与圆柱凸楞214相配合形成旋转连接，并且可以配备多种长度的安装壁，这样可以方便地形成多种角度(可参考图1，该角度是穿刺针03与水平面的夹角)的穿刺通道，从而能够调节穿刺的深度。
图7是根据本发明实施方式的推板的示意图，如图7所示，推板整体呈长方形，包含拉紧板221、两个弹性壁2211、针槽板222、两个连杆223，连接关系如图所示，即两个弹性壁2211一端与拉紧板221 连接，拉紧板221又由两个连杆223与针槽板222连接。图7中的左图中的推板翻过来即为右图的状态。参见右图，针槽板222的靠近弹性壁2211的第一端面2221是呈斜坡状的斜面2221，这样在深度块和推板组装在一起时，穿刺通道的截面为三角形，以下结合图8做进一步说明。
图8是根据本发明实施方式的穿刺导向器的正视图。如图8所示，第一导向壁211和第二导向壁212以及斜面2221围成了穿刺通道80。拉紧板211和两个弹性壁2211所组成的弹力部件产生的弹力是按图中视角向左，即向针槽板222方向的推力，因此穿刺通道80的大小或称粗细，能够发生一定程度的改变，当有穿刺针向穿刺通道插入时(可参考图5左上图中，数字05右边的向上箭头方向为插入方向)，能够将第一导向壁211挤向图中的右方；并且由于上述推力的作用，第一导向壁211和斜面2221会保持夹紧穿刺针的状态。所以可以看出，穿刺通道的大小能够自适应于穿刺针的直径。
本发明实施方式中的两个弹性壁2211的形状大致呈一对括号的形状，此外还可以是一对或单片的S形，或者其他形状，只要能产生指向第一弹性壁的方向的弹力即可。此外各附图中的第一导向壁211形状为直板，另外第一导向壁211也可以向拉紧板211的方向或针槽板222的方向略有弯曲，在图8视角下即向左或右略有弯曲，在这种情况下穿刺通道80的截面的一条边相应也是弧形。
根据本发明实施方式的技术方案，针槽板上具有弹力部件，能够形成大小自适应于穿刺针的针径的穿刺通道。不同的穿刺导向器上的深度块上的安装壁可以具有差导性，从而实现多角度的穿刺通道。第一导向壁与第二导向壁的垂直设计便于操作者用手指抠动第一导向壁以打开穿刺通道，穿刺针就很容易的从穿刺通道中被取出。
上述具体实施方式，并不构成对本发明保护范围的限制。本领域 技术人员应该明白的是，取决于设计要求和其他因素，可以发生各种各样的修改、组合、子组合和替代。任何在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种穿刺导向器，用于与穿刺架连接，其特征在于，所述穿刺导向器包含深度块和推板，其中：
    所述深度块包含：
    连接结构，用于与穿刺架连接；
    相互连接并构成夹角的第一导向壁和第二导向壁；
    所述推板包含：
    针槽板；
    自适应部件；
    所述针槽板的第一端面与所述第一导向壁和第二导向壁围成穿刺通道，并且在所述自适应部件的作用下，所述针槽板的第一端面与所述第一导向壁和第二导向壁之间能够发生位移，使得穿刺通道能够根据穿刺针的规格自动变化，从而能够自动适应不同针径规格的穿刺针。。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的穿刺导向器，其特征在于，所述自适应部件为弹力部件。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的穿刺导向器，其特征在于，
    所述连接结构包含圆柱凸楞和两个互相平行的安装壁；所述圆柱凸楞能够与穿刺架上的凹槽连接；
    所述第二导向壁位于所述第一导向壁的第一侧，垂直于所述第一导向壁并且与所述第一导向壁的第一边缘垂直；
    所述圆柱凸楞与所述第一导向壁的第二侧的所述第一边缘平行并且连接；
    所述安装壁自所述第一导向壁的第二侧起向远离第一导向壁的方向延伸。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的穿刺导向器，其特征在于，一个或两个所述安装壁上设有凸包，所述凸包能够与穿刺架上的凹槽或凹坑连接。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的穿刺导向器，其特征在于，
    所述弹力部件包含拉紧板和弹性壁，拉紧板和针槽板由两个连杆固定连接在一起，拉紧板、针槽板、以及连杆构成长方形；
    弹性壁第一端与拉紧板连接，该第一端的对端顶在所述第一导向壁的第一侧，弹性壁的推力指向所述第二导向壁的第二侧，并且所述穿刺通道位于所述第二导向壁的第二侧。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的穿刺导向器，其特征在于，所述弹性壁为2个，呈一对括号形状。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的穿刺导向器，其特征在于，
    所述针槽板的第一端面是呈斜坡形状的斜面，从而与所述第一导向壁和第二导向壁围成截面为三角形的穿刺通道。
  8. 一种穿刺导向系统，其特征在于，包括穿刺架和权利要求1至7中任一项所述的穿刺导向器，并且：
    所述穿刺架包含环形的穿刺架主体，以及固定在所述穿刺架主体上的至少一个挂钩；
    所述挂钩用于与穿刺导向器上的连接结构相配合，使穿刺导向器连接到穿刺架上。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的穿刺导向系统，其特征在于，
    所述穿刺架的开口处的两个端头各设有一个连接口；
    所述穿刺导向系统还包含锁扣，用于同时与两个所述连接口以不可拆卸的方式连接，从而使所述穿刺架构成一个封闭的环状；
    所述锁扣上设置有薄弱部，所述锁扣能够从该薄弱部撕裂从而使所述穿刺架销毁。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的穿刺导向系统，其特征在于，所述薄 弱部由所述锁扣上的一列或多列具有间隔的孔构成。
  11. 根据权利要求8、9或10所述的穿刺导向系统，其特征在于，
    所述挂钩顶部具有凹槽，能够与穿刺导向器的圆柱凸楞旋转连接；
    所述挂钩顶部下方具有两个互相平行的挂钩壁，并且与挂钩顶部的凹槽延伸方向垂直；
    所述挂钩壁上设有U型凹槽，能够与穿刺导向器的安装壁上的凸包滑动连接。
  12. 根据权利要求8、9或10所述的穿刺导向系统，其特征在于，
    所述挂钩顶部具有凹槽，能够与穿刺导向器的圆柱凸楞旋转连接；
    所述挂钩顶部下方具有两个互相平行的挂钩壁，并且与挂钩顶部的凹槽延伸方向垂直；
    所述挂钩壁上设有凹坑，能够与穿刺导向器的安装壁上的凸包固定连接。
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