WO2019205472A1 - 一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射装置及其方法 - Google Patents

一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射装置及其方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019205472A1
WO2019205472A1 PCT/CN2018/106902 CN2018106902W WO2019205472A1 WO 2019205472 A1 WO2019205472 A1 WO 2019205472A1 CN 2018106902 W CN2018106902 W CN 2018106902W WO 2019205472 A1 WO2019205472 A1 WO 2019205472A1
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WIPO (PCT)
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pressure
hydraulic
cylinder
tube
rear end
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PCT/CN2018/106902
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘送永
朱真才
王浩东
沈刚
江红祥
崔新霞
李洪盛
李伟
张新
Original Assignee
中国矿业大学
徐州秩润矿山设备科技有限公司
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Application filed by 中国矿业大学, 徐州秩润矿山设备科技有限公司 filed Critical 中国矿业大学
Priority to CA3081867A priority Critical patent/CA3081867A1/en
Priority to AU2018420716A priority patent/AU2018420716A1/en
Priority to US16/764,395 priority patent/US20200355031A1/en
Publication of WO2019205472A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019205472A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
    • E21C37/12—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquid
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1066—Making by using boring or cutting machines with fluid jets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for utilizing high-pressure liquid flow to break rock and break rock, in particular to a controllable pressure injection device based on hydraulic accumulator and a method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of mining roadway excavation engineering.
  • the 21st century is a period of great development of tunnels and underground space.
  • China's economy and the improvement of science and technology there are more and more excavation methods for underground space, but with the increase of underground space demand and the increase of excavation depth.
  • the development and construction of underground space faces new difficulties and challenges.
  • coal development and utilization are inseparable from the excavation of underground roadways and the excavation of deep rock masses.
  • China's economic construction the demand for coal has increased, and the depth of the underground is hard.
  • the excavation of rock has become a major technical difficulty and needs to be solved, which seriously restricts the coordinated development of coal mine production.
  • the domestic rock roadway excavation mainly adopts the drilling and blasting method and the comprehensive excavation method, but these two excavation processes all have many problems such as low level of progress and low degree of mechanization. Especially in hard rock excavation, the tunneling efficiency is significantly reduced.
  • the present invention provides a controllable pressure injection device based on a hydraulic accumulator and a method thereof, which can convert the pressure of a high pressure fluid into a cracking force acting on the inside of the rock, thereby effectively improving the hardness. Rock driving efficiency.
  • a controllable pressure injection device based on a hydraulic accumulator comprising: a pressure storage system, a pressure maintaining system, a sealing system and an injection system; the pressure storage system comprises a front half of the pressure cylinder, an annular piston and a middle connection
  • the body is mounted on the same axis, and the annular piston is located between the pressure cylinder and the hydraulic regulating tube and is dynamically sealed.
  • the front half of the pressure cylinder is fixedly connected with the end of the middle connecting body, and the two ends are provided in the middle connecting body.
  • the pressure maintaining system includes an accumulator, a rear half and a rear end cover of the pressure cylinder, a rear half of the pressure cylinder, and a rear end of the hydraulic pressure regulating tube, respectively Removably connected and sealed with the rear end cover, the outer end of the rear end cover is mounted with an accumulator, and the accumulator is connected to the inner cavity of the rear half of the pressure cylinder;
  • the sealing system comprises a hydraulic propulsion cylinder, a propulsion piston, and a front end Cover, sealing tube, thickened end and expansion hose, the sealing tube passes through the front end cover and the axis of the propulsion piston in turn, and the rear end of the sealing tube is fixedly connected with the propulsion piston, the expansion hose and the sealing tube The front end is connected and the coaxial line is connected, and the sealing tube and the front end cover and the propulsion piston and the hydraulic propulsion cylinder are dynamically sealed.
  • the front end of the hydraulic propulsion cylinder is detachably connected to the rear end of the front end cover and sealed, and the hydraulic propulsion cylinder
  • the rear end is fixedly connected with the middle connecting body, and the middle connecting body is further provided with an inlet and outlet port respectively communicating the external and hydraulic propulsion cylinder inner chambers;
  • the injection system includes a hydraulic valve body and a spray gun tube, and the hydraulic valve body Coaxially mounted inside the front port of the hydraulic regulating tube in the pressure accumulating system, and the dynamic sealing is performed between the two at the front end.
  • the coaxial line of the jet barrel is sleeved inside the sealing tube and passes through the propulsion piston, and the front end of the barrel is sprayed.
  • the rear end of the spray gun tube is fixedly connected with the middle connecting body, and the front end of the hydraulic valve body has a tapered surface, which is matched with the groove at the rear end of the spray gun tube.
  • a controllable pressure injection method based on a hydraulic accumulator comprises the following steps:
  • the pressure in the hydraulic regulating pipe is gradually decreased to 0.
  • the pressure generated by the high pressure region on the front end tapered surface of the hydraulic valve body is greater than the oil pressure in the rear hydraulic regulating pipe, the hydraulic valve body slides backward. Separated from the groove at the rear end of the barrel, the high-pressure fluid medium instantaneously flows into the sealed space at the bottom of the rock hole under the action of its own pressure and the thrust of the annular piston, and the pressure generated is sufficient to cause the rock to rupture from the inside.
  • the controllable pressure injection device based on the hydraulic accumulator of the present invention and the method thereof can realize the hard rock with lower pressure by utilizing the tensile strength of the rock far lower than the compressive strength. Broken, rock-breaking efficiency, safety and environmental protection.
  • the invention can replace the conventional drilling-explosion method, and is easy to be combined with the excavation equipment such as the roadheader and the rock drill.
  • the connection with the electromechanical control device can realize the exploitation and excavation of no one or few people in the underground, and has the advantages of small scale and easy control.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of B in Figure 1.
  • a hydraulic accumulator-based controllable pressure injection device for applying a cracking force to rock in a borehole to crush rock from the borehole, including storage pressure
  • the pressure cylinder 4 and the hydraulic regulating tube 3 are dynamically sealed, and the front half portion 4-2 of the pressure cylinder is fixedly connected with the end portion of the middle connecting body 7, and the two ends of the middle connecting body 7 are respectively connected to the outside and the pressure.
  • the pressure retaining system includes an accumulator 2, a rear half 4-1 of the pressure cylinder and a rear end cover 1, and a rear end 4-1 of the pressure cylinder and a rear end of the hydraulic regulating tube 3 are detachably connected to the rear end cover 1, respectively.
  • the outer end of the rear end cover 1 is mounted with an accumulator 2, and the accumulator 2 is connected to the pressure
  • the rear half of the cylinder 4-1 is internal; the accumulator 2 absorbs the high pressure oil from the pressure cylinder 4, and when the high pressure fluid medium at the front end of the annular piston 5 is ejected, the accumulator 2 releases the stored hydraulic oil to maintain the pressure cylinder 4 for a short time.
  • the pressure inside does not drop drastically; as the pressure in the pressure cylinder 4 rises to a set pressure, the oil pressure in the hydraulic pressure regulating tube 3 is lowered, and the hydraulic valve body 6 moves backward under the pressure of the high pressure fluid medium, the high pressure The fluid medium is ejected from the jet barrel 11.
  • the sealing system comprises a hydraulic propulsion cylinder 8, a propulsion piston 9, a front end cover 10, a sealing tube 12, a thickened end portion 14 and an expansion hose 13, which in turn passes through the front end cover 10 and the axis of the propulsion piston 9,
  • the rear end of the sealing tube 12 is fixedly connected to the propulsion piston 9, and the expansion hose 13 is connected to the front end of the sealing tube 12 and connected coaxially.
  • the sealing tube 12 and the front end cover 10 and the propulsion piston 9 and the hydraulic propulsion cylinder 8 are both connected.
  • the movable seal, the expansion hose 13 can move along the axis along with the propulsion piston 9, the front end of the hydraulic propulsion cylinder 8 is detachably connected to the rear end of the front end cover 10 and sealed, and the rear end of the hydraulic propulsion cylinder 8 and the middle connection body 7 are Fixed connection by welding, etc., in the middle connecting body 7 is also provided with two inlet and outlet ports 7-2 respectively communicating with the outer chamber and the inner chamber of the hydraulic propulsion cylinder 8, and the backward pressure of the high pressure fluid medium from the front end is passed through the annular piston 5 Hydraulic oil is forced into the accumulator to store the pressure in the system.
  • the injection system includes a hydraulic valve body 6 and a spray gun tube 11.
  • the hydraulic valve body 6 is coaxially mounted inside the hydraulic pressure regulating tube 3 in the pressure storage system, and the front end is dynamically sealed at the front end, and the final hydraulic valve body 6 can only be translated in the groove of the front end of the hydraulic regulating tube 3, and cannot be removed; the injection barrel 11 is coaxially sleeved inside the sealing tube 12 and passes through the propulsion piston 9, and the front end of the injection barrel 11 is coaxial and detachable.
  • the ground end is connected with a thickened end portion 14, and the rear end of the spray gun tube 11 is fixedly connected to the middle connecting body 7 by welding or the like.
  • the front end of the hydraulic valve body 6 has a tapered surface portion 6-1, and a groove at the rear end of the spray gun tube 11 11-1 fits.
  • the hydraulic valve body 6 is used to open and close the communication state between the pressure cylinder 4 and the injection barrel 11, and the start and stop control of the injection system is realized by the hydraulic pressure regulating tube 3.
  • the tapered surface 6-1 of the front end of the hydraulic valve body 6 is adhered to the groove 11-1 at the rear end of the spray gun tube 11 to leave a part of the tapered surface exposed to the high pressure fluid, and the hydraulic valve body 6 produces a backward thrust.
  • the annular piston 5 and the pressure cylinder 4 and the hydraulic regulating tube 3 are both dynamically sealed by a guide belt and a glyph ring, so that the annular piston 5 can slide between the hydraulic regulating tube 3 and the pressure cylinder 4.
  • the front half portion 4-2 of the pressure cylinder and the end portion of the middle connecting body 7 are welded together; the rear half portion 4-1 of the pressure cylinder and the rear end cover 1 are screwed together, and the middle portion passes through the O type. Circle seal.
  • the hydraulic propulsion cylinder 8 is screwed to the rear end of the front end cover 10, and an O-ring is arranged therebetween to ensure the sealing of the hydraulic oil; a guide belt and a seal are provided between the front end cover 10 and the sealing tube 12 to ensure the hydraulic pressure. Oil seal.
  • the thickened end portion 14 is screwed on the spray gun tube 11; the hydraulic valve body 6 and the hydraulic pressure regulating tube 3 are dynamically sealed by a guide sleeve and a glyph ring, so that the hydraulic valve body 6 is hydraulically oiled in the tube. Pushing forward and moving forward, the tapered surface portion 6-1 of the front end of the hydraulic valve body 6 is fitted to the groove 11-1 at the rear end of the spray gun tube 11, and a sealed space is formed in the pressure cylinder 4.
  • a convex ring is provided on the end face of the central connecting body 7 facing the pressure cylinder 4, the raised ring being located in the inner cavity of the pressure cylinder 4, the height of the raised ring Can go 1 cm.
  • the groove 11-1 at the rear end of the injection barrel 11 and the tapered surface 6-1 at the front end of the hydraulic valve body 6 are both chamfered by 45°; further, the groove 11-1 is 1 ⁇ 1 mm chamfer, cone surface 6-1 is a chamfer of 8 x 8 mm.
  • the high pressure fluid medium may be a medium such as high pressure foam or high pressure water.
  • the controllable pressure injection of the present invention is that the hydraulic regulating pipe 3 is supplied with oil by a controllable hydraulic pumping station, and the pressure of the jetting fluid medium is controlled by setting different oil supply.

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  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
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Abstract

一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射装置以及喷射方法。喷射装置包括储压系统、保压系统、密封系统和喷射系统，储压系统包括压力缸前半部（4-2）、环形活塞（5）和中部连接体（7），保压系统包括蓄能器（2）、压力缸后半部（4-1）和后端盖（1），密封系统包括液压推进缸（8）、推进活塞（9）、前端盖（10）、密封管（12）、增厚端部（14）和膨胀胶管（13），喷射系统包括液压阀体（6）和喷射枪管（11）。该喷射装置能够以液力方式向钻孔孔底快速施加压力，使岩石受拉破坏，提高硬岩掘进效率。

Description

一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射装置及其方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用高压液流涨裂破岩的装置，尤其是一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射装置及其方法，属于开采巷道掘进工程技术领域。
背景技术
21世纪是隧道及地下空间大发展的时期，随着我国经济的发展和科技水平的提高，地下空间的开挖手段也越来越多，但是随着地下空间需求的提高和开挖深度的增加，地下空间的发展建设面临着新的难度和挑战。煤炭作为我国能源体系中最主要的能源，其开发与利用离不开地下巷道的掘进和深部岩体的开挖，随着我国经济建设的发展，煤炭的需求量有增无减，地下深部硬岩的开挖成为一大技术难点亟待解决，严重制约了煤矿生产的协调发展。
目前，国内岩巷掘进主要采用钻爆法和综掘法，但是这两种掘进工艺都存在着进尺水平低、机械化程度低等诸多问题。尤其是硬岩掘进方面，掘进效率明显降低。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述不足，本发明提供一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射装置及其方法，能够将高压流体的压力转化为作用于岩石内部的涨裂力，有效的提高硬岩掘进效率。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是：
一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射装置，其特征是：包括储压系统、保压系统、密封系统和喷射系统；所述的储压系统包括压力缸前半部、环形活塞和中部连接体，三者安装在同一轴线上，环形活塞位于压力缸和液压调 节管之间并进行动密封，压力缸前半部与中部连接体的端部固连在一起，在中部连接体内设有两端分别连通外部和压力缸前半部内腔的高压流体进口流道；所述的保压系统包括蓄能器、压力缸后半部和后端盖，压力缸后半部和液压调节管的后端分别与后端盖可拆卸连接并进行密封，后端盖的外端安装有蓄能器，且蓄能器连通到压力缸后半部内腔；所述的密封系统包括液压推进缸、推进活塞、前端盖、密封管、增厚端部和膨胀胶管，密封管依次穿过前端盖和推进活塞的轴心，密封管后端与推进活塞固定连接为一体，膨胀胶管与密封管的前端对接、同轴线相连，密封管与前端盖以及推进活塞与液压推进缸之间都进行动密封，液压推进缸的前端可拆卸地连接在前端盖的后端并进行密封，液压推进缸的后端与中部连接体固定连接，在中部连接体内还设有两端分别连通外部和液压推进缸内腔的进出油口；所述的喷射系统包括液压阀体和喷射枪管，液压阀体同轴安装在储压系统中的液压调节管前端口内部，且二者之间于前端进行动密封，喷射枪管同轴线套设于密封管内部并穿过推进活塞，喷射枪管的前端同轴、可拆卸地连接有增厚端部，喷射枪管的后端与中部连接体固定连接，液压阀体前端具有锥面区，与喷射枪管后端的凹槽相贴合。
一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射方法，包括如下步骤：
a、将喷射枪管插入岩石钻孔中，推进活塞推动密封管将膨胀胶管推至增厚端部，使喷射枪管外直径扩大与岩石钻孔内壁贴合，在岩石钻孔的孔底形成密封空间；
b、启动液压调节阀体，与喷射枪管后端的凹槽贴合；经高压流体进口流道通入高压流体介质，在压力缸前段形成高压区域；
c、监测压力缸与蓄能器的压力变化；
d、压力达到预定值后，降低液压调节管中压力逐渐为0，当高压区域对液压阀体前端锥面区产生的压力大于后端液压调节管中油路压力后，液压阀体向后滑移与喷射枪管后端凹槽分离，高压流体介质在自身压力和环形活塞的推力作用下瞬间涌入岩石钻孔孔底的密封空间，产生的压力足以使岩石从内部破裂。
相比现有技术，本发明的一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射装置及其方法，利用岩石抗拉强度远低于抗压强度的特点，能够以较低的压力实现硬岩的破碎，破岩效率高，安全环保。本发明可以代替常规的钻-爆法掘进方式，易于与掘进机、凿岩机等掘进装备联合，与机电控制设备连接可实现井下无人或少人开采和掘进，具有小规模、易控制等优点。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明一个实施例的结构示意图。
图2是图1中A处的放大图。
图3是图1中B处的放大图。
图中，1、后端盖；2、蓄能器；3、液压调节管；4、压力缸；5、环形活塞；6、液压阀体；6-1、锥面区；7、中部连接体；7-1、高压流体进口流道；7-2、进出油口；8、液压推进缸；9、推进活塞；10、前端盖；11、喷射枪管；11-1、凹槽；12、密封管；13、膨胀胶管；14、增厚端部。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发 明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。
为了描述清楚需要，特别说明一下，在本实施例中提到的“前”端、“前”半部或者“前”方，都是指图1中的向下的方向，而“后”则是与“向上”的方向一致。
在图1至图3所示实施例中，一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射装置，用于在岩石钻孔中施加涨裂力从孔内对岩石进行破碎的作业，包括储压系统、保压系统、密封系统和喷射系统；其中，所述的储压系统包括压力缸前半部4-2、环形活塞5和中部连接体7，三者安装在同一轴线上，环形活塞5位于压力缸4和液压调节管3之间并进行动密封，压力缸前半部4-2与中部连接体7的端部固连在一起，在中部连接体7内设有两端分别连通外部和压力缸前半部4-2内腔的高压流体进口流道7-1，高压流体介质通过该高压流体进口流道7-1进入压力缸4，推动环形活塞5向后移动储存高压流体介质；所述的保压系统包括蓄能器2、压力缸后半部4-1和后端盖1，压力缸后半部4-1和液压调节管3的后端分别与后端盖1可拆卸连接并进行密封，后端盖1的外端安装有蓄能器2，且蓄能器2连通到压力缸后半部4-1内腔；蓄能器2吸收来自压力缸4的高压油，当环形活塞5前端高压流体介质喷出，蓄能器2释放存储的液压油来维持压力缸4短时间内的压力不发生剧烈下降；随着压力缸4内压力的升高达到设定的压力，降低液压调节管3内的油压，液压阀体6在高压流体介质的压力下向后移动，高压流体介质从喷射枪 管11喷出。所述的密封系统包括液压推进缸8、推进活塞9、前端盖10、密封管12、增厚端部14和膨胀胶管13，密封管12依次穿过前端盖10和推进活塞9的轴心，密封管12后端与推进活塞9固定连接为一体，膨胀胶管13与密封管12的前端对接、同轴线相连，密封管12与前端盖10以及推进活塞9与液压推进缸8之间都进行动密封，膨胀胶管13能随着推进活塞9沿轴线移动，液压推进缸8的前端可拆卸地连接在前端盖10的后端并进行密封，液压推进缸8的后端与中部连接体7以焊接等方式固定连接，在中部连接体7内还设有两端分别连通外部和液压推进缸8内腔的进出油口7-2，来自前端的高压流体介质向后的压力通过环形活塞5将液压油压入蓄能器，用于存储系统中的压力。所述的喷射系统包括液压阀体6和喷射枪管11，液压阀体6同轴安装在储压系统中的液压调节管3内部，且二者之间于前端进行动密封，最终液压阀体6只能在液压调节管3前端的凹槽内平移，不能移出；喷射枪管11同轴线套设于密封管12内部并穿过推进活塞9，喷射枪管11的前端同轴、可拆卸地连接有增厚端部14，喷射枪管11的后端与中部连接体7以焊接等方式固定连接，液压阀体6前端具有锥面区6-1，与喷射枪管11后端的凹槽11-1相贴合。液压阀体6用于打开和关闭压力缸4与喷射枪管11之间的连通状态，通过液压调节管3实现对喷射系统的启停控制。优选地，所述的液压阀体6前端的锥面区6-1与喷射枪管11后端的凹槽11-1贴合后仍留有部分锥面区暴露在高压流体内，对液压阀体6产生向后的推力。所述的环形活塞5与压力缸4和液压调节管3之间均通过导向带和格莱圈进行动密封，使环形活塞5能够在液压调节管3和压力缸4之间滑移。
在本实施例中，所述的压力缸前半部4-2与中部连接体7的端部是焊接 在一起；压力缸后半部4-1与后端盖1通过螺纹连接，中间通过O型圈密封。所述的液压推进缸8通过螺纹连接在前端盖10的后端，其间设有O型圈保证液压油的密封；前端盖10与密封管12之间设有导向带和斯特封来保证液压油的密封。所述的增厚端部14通过螺纹连接在喷射枪管11上；液压阀体6和液压调节管3之间通过导向套和格莱圈进行动密封，使液压阀体6在管内液压油的推动下向前移动，液压阀体6前端的锥面区6-1与喷射枪管11后端的凹槽11-1贴合，在压力缸4内形成密封空间。
为了对环形活塞5形成缓冲，在所述中部连接体7朝向压力缸4的端面上设有一个凸起圆环，该凸起圆环位于压力缸4的内腔中，凸起圆环的高度可以去1厘米。
优选地，所述的喷射枪管11后端的凹槽11-1与液压阀体6前端的锥面区6-1都为45°的倒角；再进一步地，凹槽11-1为1×1mm倒角，锥面区6-1为8×8mm的倒角。
本发明实施例的一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射方法，包括如下步骤：
a、将喷射枪管11插入岩石钻孔中，推进活塞9推动密封管12将膨胀胶管13推至增厚端部14，使喷射枪管11外直径扩大与岩石钻孔内壁贴合，在岩石钻孔的孔底形成密封空间；
b、启动液压调节阀体6，与喷射枪管11后端的凹槽11-1贴合；经高压流体进口流道7-1通入高压流体介质，在压力缸4前段形成高压区域；
c、监测压力缸4与蓄能器2的压力变化；
d、压力达到预定值后，降低液压调节管3中压力逐渐为0，当高压区域 对液压阀体6前端锥面区6-1产生的压力大于后端液压调节管3中油路压力后，液压阀体6向后滑移与喷射枪管后端凹槽11-1分离，高压流体介质在自身压力和环形活塞5的推力作用下瞬间涌入岩石钻孔孔底的密封空间，产生的压力足以使岩石从内部破裂。
其中，所述的高压流体介质可以是高压泡沫或者高压水等介质。
本发明可控压力喷射在于液压调节管3由可调控的液压泵站供油，通过设定不同的供油实现对喷射流体介质压力大小的调控。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质，对以上实施例所做出任何简单修改和同等变化，均落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射装置，其特征是：包括储压系统、保压系统、密封系统和喷射系统；其中，
    所述的储压系统包括压力缸前半部(4-2)、环形活塞(5)和中部连接体(7)，三者安装在同一轴线上，环形活塞(5)位于压力缸(4)和液压调节管(3)之间并进行动密封，压力缸前半部(4-2)与中部连接体(7)的端部固连在一起，在中部连接体(7)内设有两端分别连通外部和压力缸前半部(4-2)内腔的高压流体进口流道(7-1)；
    所述的保压系统包括蓄能器(2)、压力缸后半部(4-1)和后端盖(1)，压力缸后半部(4-1)和液压调节管(3)的后端分别与后端盖(1)可拆卸连接并进行密封，后端盖(1)的外端安装有蓄能器(2)，且蓄能器(2)连通到压力缸后半部(4-1)内腔；
    所述的密封系统包括液压推进缸(8)、推进活塞(9)、前端盖(10)、密封管(12)、增厚端部(14)和膨胀胶管(13)，密封管(12)依次穿过前端盖(10)和推进活塞(9)的轴心，密封管(12)后端与推进活塞(9)固定连接为一体，膨胀胶管(13)与密封管(12)的前端对接、同轴线相连，密封管(12)与前端盖(10)以及推进活塞(9)与液压推进缸(8)之间都进行动密封，液压推进缸(8)的前端可拆卸地连接在前端盖(10)的后端并进行密封，液压推进缸(8)的后端与中部连接体(7)固定连接，在中部连接体(7)内还设有两端分别连通外部和液压推进缸(8)内腔的进出油口(7-2)；
    所述的喷射系统包括液压阀体(6)和喷射枪管(11)，液压阀体(6)同轴安装在储压系统中的液压调节管(3)内部，且二者之间于前端进行动 密封，喷射枪管(11)同轴线套设于密封管(12)内部并穿过推进活塞(9)，喷射枪管(11)的前端同轴、可拆卸地连接有增厚端部(14)，喷射枪管(11)的后端与中部连接体(7)固定连接，液压阀体(6)前端具有锥面区(6-1)，与喷射枪管(11)后端的凹槽(11-1)相贴合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射装置，其特征是：所述的环形活塞(5)与压力缸(4)和液压调节管(3)之间均通过导向带和格莱圈进行动密封，使环形活塞(5)能够在液压调节管(3)和压力缸(4)之间滑移。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射装置，其特征是：所述的压力缸前半部(4-2)与中部连接体(7)的端部是焊接在一起；压力缸后半部(4-1)与后端盖(1)通过螺纹连接，中间通过O型圈密封。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射装置，其特征是：在所述中部连接体(7)朝向压力缸(4)的端面上设有一个凸起圆环，该凸起圆环位于压力缸(4)的内腔中。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射装置，其特征是：所述的液压推进缸(8)通过螺纹连接在前端盖(10)的后端，其间设有O型圈保证液压油的密封；前端盖(10)与密封管(12)之间设有导向带和斯特封来保证液压油的密封。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射装置，其特征是：所述的增厚端部(14)通过螺纹连接在喷射枪管(11)上；液压阀体(6)和液压调节管(3)之间通过导向套和格莱圈进行动密封。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射装置，其特征是：所述的喷射枪管(11)后端的凹槽(11-1)与液压阀体(6)前端的锥面区(6-1)都为45°的倒角，且凹槽(11-1)为1×1mm倒角，锥面区(6-1)为8×8mm的倒角。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2所述的一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射装置，其特征是：所述液压推进缸(8)的后端与中部连接体(7)焊接；喷射枪管(11)的后端与中部连接体(7)焊接固定。
  9. 一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    a、将喷射枪管(11)插入岩石钻孔中，推进活塞(9)推动密封管(12)将膨胀胶管(13)推至增厚端部(14)，使喷射枪管(11)外直径扩大与岩石钻孔内壁贴合，在岩石钻孔的孔底形成密封空间；
    b、启动液压调节阀体(6)，与喷射枪管(11)后端的凹槽(11-1)贴合；经高压流体进口流道(7-1)通入高压流体介质，在压力缸(4)前段形成高压区域；
    c、监测压力缸(4)与蓄能器(2)的压力变化；
    d、压力达到预定值后，降低液压调节管(3)中压力逐渐为0，当高压区域对液压阀体(6)前端锥面区(6-1)产生的压力大于后端液压调节管(3)中油路压力后，液压阀体(6)向后滑移与喷射枪管后端凹槽(11-1)分离，高压流体介质在自身压力和环形活塞(5)的推力作用下瞬间涌入岩石钻孔孔底的密封空间，产生的压力足以使岩石从内部破裂。
  10. 根据权利要求9任一项所述的一种基于液压蓄能器的可控压力喷射 装置，其特征是：所述的高压流体介质为高压泡沫或者高压水。
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