WO2019197149A1 - Transducteur acoustique destiné à émettre et/ou à recevoir des signaux sonores sous-marins, antenne immergée, antenne remorquée, sonar et véhicule nautique - Google Patents

Transducteur acoustique destiné à émettre et/ou à recevoir des signaux sonores sous-marins, antenne immergée, antenne remorquée, sonar et véhicule nautique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019197149A1
WO2019197149A1 PCT/EP2019/057556 EP2019057556W WO2019197149A1 WO 2019197149 A1 WO2019197149 A1 WO 2019197149A1 EP 2019057556 W EP2019057556 W EP 2019057556W WO 2019197149 A1 WO2019197149 A1 WO 2019197149A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
sound transducer
underwater
antenna
transducer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/057556
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mike Minschke
Reimar VOIGT
Gregor Matissek
Wilfried Junge
Original Assignee
Atlas Elektronik Gmbh
Thyssenkrupp Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Atlas Elektronik Gmbh, Thyssenkrupp Ag filed Critical Atlas Elektronik Gmbh
Priority to EP19715023.8A priority Critical patent/EP3774082A1/fr
Publication of WO2019197149A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019197149A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element

Definitions

  • Sound transducer for transmitting and / or receiving
  • the invention relates to a sound transducer for transmitting and / or receiving underwater sound signals, wherein the sound transducer has at least two sound transducer shells, each having a piezoceramic material and are each electrically conductive on an outer surface and an inner surface. Furthermore, the invention relates to an underwater antenna, a towed antenna, a sonar for transmitting and / or receiving underwater sound signals and a watercraft.
  • transducers for receiving and / or transmitting underwater sound signals are usually configured in spherical form for an omnidirectional directional characteristic.
  • spherical hydrophones are arranged on circular paths around a pull cable, for example for a towed antenna.
  • the disadvantage here is that the Kugelhydrophone must each be mounted individually on a support and a variety of Kugelhydrophonen is necessary to allow a corresponding area for receiving and / or transmitting with a high sensitivity. There is also the risk that the arranged on circular paths around a train cable Kugelhydrophone and their associated components can interfere with each other receiving and / or sending.
  • FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 of US 4876675 show a towed antenna with a hose (flexible tube 52), in the interior of which a plurality of piezoelectric sound receivers (receiver units 50) are arranged along a flexible elongate core 51.
  • Each sound receiver 50 comprises two cylindrical members 53L and 53R which are polarized in opposite directions and are insulated from each other by a disk-shaped plate 54.
  • Each element 53L and 53R has an inner surface with an electrode 55 and an outer surface with an electrode 56, respectively.
  • Each disk-shaped element 53L and 53R and the plate 54 have a hole in the center through which the core 51 passes.
  • Two adjacent sound receivers 50 are separated by a space (buffer space 57).
  • US 4797863 shows a buoy (sonobuoy 16) which carries a hydrophone 20 via a cable (long tether 22) and on the upper edge of which a transmitter 24 is mounted, cf. Fig. 1.
  • the hydrophone 20 comprises a circular membrane (diaphragm 26) whose outer peripheral surface is wound around a circular ring-shaped resilient and deformable steel strip (annular band 28 of spring steel), cf. Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
  • a coaxial cable 30 is guided around this steel strip 28 around.
  • the cable 30 has an electrically conductive core 40, which is surrounded by a flexible piezoelectric material 42, see. FIG. 4.
  • a dielectric housing 44 surrounds the piezoelectric material 42.
  • a sequence of dielectric loops 38 connects the cable 30 to the steel strip 28.
  • US 20040017129 A1 shows a sound transducer in the form of a circular helix, cf. Fig. 26 and Pars. [0110] and [0111].
  • the object of the invention is to improve the state of the art.
  • the object is achieved by a sound transducer for transmitting and / or receiving underwater sound signals, wherein the sound transducer has at least two sound converter shells, each having a piezoceramic material and are electrically conductive on an outer surface and an inner surface, and the sound converter shells together forming a toroidal shape, so that an underwater sound signal can be transmitted and / or received rotationally symmetrically.
  • An essential idea of the invention is based on the fact that a rotationally symmetrical directional characteristic is realized by a toroidal shape of a single sound transducer.
  • a large number of spherical hydrophones is dispensed with about an axis for a rotationally symmetrical directional characteristic as well as corresponding contacts, electrical connections, signal processing and other associated components and these components do not have to be arranged several times.
  • a "sound transducer” is in particular a device for transmitting and / or receiving acoustic underwater sound signals
  • one or more sound transducers are used when using active and / or passive sonars Signal for further processing (receiver) and / or converts an electrical signal into an acoustic signal, the latter being emitted (Transmitter).
  • a transmit transducer can also be pulled behind a ship.
  • Underwater hydrophones can be used as a sound transducer to record underwater noise there. In this case, a hydrophone converts the water sound into an electrical variable corresponding to the sound pressure.
  • a frequency range between about 10 Hz Hertz and 400 kHz is used.
  • the transducer shell is a two-dimensional (spatially) curved structure that can absorb loads both vertically and in a plane
  • the at least two sound transducer shells may have any desired abutment surfaces, wherein the sound transducer shells may be centered vertically or centrally
  • the torus may consist of several circumferential ring segment shells.
  • piezoceramic is understood in particular to mean that the sound transducer shells consist of a full ceramic and / or a composite material. ⁇ br /> ⁇ br/> A piezocomposite ceramic as a composite material has, in particular, piezoelectric, ceramic filaments and a filling compound
  • sound converter shells act as piezo transducers and generate an electrical voltage when a mechanical pressure is applied, or cause mechanical movement when an electrical voltage is applied.
  • the piezoceramic transducer shells Upon impact of a sound pressure, the piezoceramic transducer shells are deformed, so that an electrical voltage is generated at the piezoceramic transducer shells.
  • the sound transducer is designed in this case as a sound receiver. By applying pressure to the transducer shells, the transducer shells are deformed and electrically charged regions are formed on the outer and / or inner surface of the transducer shells (piezoelectric effect).
  • An "outer surface” is in particular the outer boundary surface of a transducer shell and / or of the toroidal shape, The outer surface is in particular the outer surface of the transducer shell and / or the toroidal shape, which can be struck by a sound pressure.
  • the inner surface is the inner boundary surface of the toroidal shape adjacent to the cavity of the toroidal shape.
  • Electrode conductive means in particular that a material has a high density of freely movable charge carriers and thus has a good electrical conductivity and the lowest possible electrical resistance, so that the material is suitable for transporting charged particles.
  • the sound converter shells on their outer surface and its inner surface each have an electrically conductive material.
  • a "toroidal shape” is a geometric object that has a bead-shaped surface with a hole.
  • the geometric shape of a sound transducer shell arises when a curved curve, in particular a semicircle or a half ellipse, is rotated along a circle
  • a closed curved curve in particular a circle or an ellipse
  • a torus may have the shape of a life ring, hoop or donut
  • a torus is, in particular, a mathematical body which arises from being perpendicular
  • the toroidal shape is formed by at least two sound converter shells and is hollow in its interior and / or filled with associated components of the sound transducer.
  • rotationally symmetric means, in particular, that the transducer can be rotated about its midpoint and assumes exactly the same place as in the initial state before rotation more than once, and / or the angular dependence of the strength of the received and / or transmitted underwater sound waves does not change (rotationally symmetrical directional characteristic).
  • two sound transducer shells are designed as shell halves.
  • the toroidal shape of the transducer can be formed by two transducer shell halves.
  • the shell halves are formed axially symmetrical to the vertical or horizontal axis of symmetry of the toroidal shape.
  • a support plate may be arranged between the transducer shells and / or the shell halves.
  • a “carrier plate” is in particular a plate which comprises ceramic and / or plastic,
  • a carrier plate consists wholly or partly of ceramic and / or has a small layer thickness, for example between 0.5 mm and 2.0 mm, for good decoupling
  • the carrier plate also serves, in particular, simultaneously as a circuit board and / or power supply to the sound transducer and / or other components a carrier plate may in particular also be a foil.
  • the piezoceramic material has a polarized piezoelectric ceramic and / or ceramic filaments.
  • Ceramic filaments are in particular thin and / or thread-like ceramic structures, which may take the form of rods, cylinders, tubes and / or plates in particular a change in the electrical polarization and thus an occurrence of an electrical voltage on the ceramic solid takes place, in which case the sound transducer is designed as a sound receiver.
  • the electrically conductive outer surface and / or the electrically conductive inner surface has or have a metal layer and / or an electrode.
  • An "electrode” is in particular an electron conductor, which interacts with a counterelectrode with one between both electrodes located medium interacts.
  • An electrode consists in particular of an electrical conductor, for example a metal and / or graphite.
  • An electrode may in particular also be embodied as an electrically conductive layer on the sound converter shells.
  • the electrode may be configured as a copper layer or as a silver layer.
  • the outer electrodes of the sound transducer shells are set to zero potential. In this case, no interference takes place in the sound transducer by the shielding effect, since the digitization of the sound signals usually takes place only in the subsequent external signal processing stages.
  • signal conditioning electronics are arranged in an interior of the toroidal shape.
  • an electrical signal is converted into an acoustic signal and / or vice versa by means of "signal conditioning electronics.”
  • Signal conditioning electronics in particular process an amplifier, an amplifier chain, a circuit part for conversion and / or Digitization of electrical and / or analog signals and / or a data transmission unit.
  • the electrically conductive inner surface is guided by means of a conductive compound on an insulated area for contacting on the outer surface.
  • an "electrically conductive connection” establishes electrical contact between the electrically conductive inner surface and the outer surface
  • a conductive connection may in particular be a solder connection, welded connection, press connection, winding connection, adhesive connection and / or plug connection
  • Conductive connection can also be made via a surface applied conductive layer, an adhesive, a contact tongue and / or a conductor wire.
  • An "isolated region” is in particular an area and / or section which prevents an electrically conductive connection.
  • the electrically conductive inner surface and / or the electrically conductive outer surface is or are contacted by means of a carrying cable and / or a line.
  • the transducer can be powered externally with voltage and / or electronic signals of the transducer can be transmitted to an external evaluation unit.
  • a "supporting cable” is in particular a cable or cable, which in particular the weight of one and / or more transducers and / or the force for pulling all components of a towed antenna including one or more transducers absorbs in the water.
  • the carrying cable has in particular at least one electrical conductor and / or is surrounded by an electrical conductor.
  • the support cable has in particular plastic and / or metal, or for example aramid and / or copper.
  • the object is achieved by an underwater antenna, wherein the underwater antenna has a previously described sound transducer.
  • a space-saving underwater antenna with a spherical characteristic is already provided by a single transducer according to the invention.
  • a plurality of sound transducers according to the invention can be used in a suitable arrangement in the underwater antenna and these can also be configured as an active sound transducer.
  • An "underwater antenna” is in particular a technical device for transmitting and / or receiving underwater sound signals
  • an underwater antenna has in particular one or more sound transducers and / or hydrophones. or an active sonar.
  • the object is achieved by a towed antenna, wherein the towed antenna is at least two previously described Sound transducer, a support cable for holding the sound transducer and a hose for wrapping the support cable and the sound transducer, wherein the tube is filled with a sound-conducting medium, and the support cable through a respective hole which is formed in a center of the toroidal shape of the transducer, or on each transducer is performed.
  • a towed antenna in which the toroidal sound transducers are easily threaded through their respective central hole by means of the support cable and / or a support cable and can be used in a towing sonar.
  • the transducers are in the event of a defect in the towed antenna quickly and easily accessible and / or repairable and interchangeable.
  • the support cable is guided through the central hole of each toroidal transducer, however, alternative, the support cable can also be performed outside the transducer and / or fixed.
  • a "hose” is in particular an elastic tubular casing of the towed antenna, which encloses the carrying cable, the sound transducers, further shaped pieces, electronic components and / or lines and is filled with a sound-conducting medium.
  • a "towed antenna” is in particular a long line antenna, which is towed behind a ship after a pull cable (or pull rope) .
  • the towed antenna has a hose as an elastic tubular casing, in which in particular several Sound transducers and / or hydrophones are arranged.
  • the tubular sheath may be filled with gel or liquid.
  • a towed antenna is in particular part of a passive towing sonar and / or the acoustic receiving part of an active towed sonar.
  • the towed antenna is towed at a suitable depth and thus operated away from the noise of the towboat. Due to the rotationally symmetrical directional characteristic of the sound transducer, a rotation of the towed antenna on the traction cable in the water does not affect the quality of the received signals and the rotationally symmetrical directional characteristic.
  • the towed antenna has a third sound transducer, a fourth sound transducer, a fifth sound transducer and / or further sound transducers.
  • a "fitting" is a part of a defined shape, and in particular, a fitting may be a tube-like part, and the fitting has a hole in its center, through which it is threaded on a carrying rope
  • a shaped piece is in particular arranged between two sound transducers and is preferably the same or slightly larger than the hole of the toroidal shape of the sound transducer, so that the shaped piece holds the respectively adjacent sound transducers at a defined distance from one another Acting end piece, which may be additionally arranged at the beginning and / or at the end of a towed antenna .
  • a fitting may be a float.
  • the carrying cable is designed as a cable or a cable is guided around the carrying cable.
  • operable refers in particular to a single or multi-core composite of cores (individual conductors) encased in an insulating material, which serves for the transmission of energy or information.
  • the object is achieved by a sonar for transmitting and / or Receiving underwater sound signals, wherein the sonar comprises a previously described sound transducer or a plurality of sound transducers described above and / or a previously described underwater antenna and / or a previously described towed antenna.
  • a sonar is provided with which a very accurate location of objects in the room and / or under water is provided, as the received and / or transmitted underwater sound signals processed without being affected by noise of the towboat and with a high sensitivity and rotationally symmetrical directional characteristics become.
  • a "sonar” is in particular a system for locating objects in the room and / or under water by means of received and / or emitted sound signals, in particular an active sonar which itself emits a signal or a passive one It can also be a bi- or multistatic sonar that can simultaneously transmit and receive on different platforms, and in particular a sonar has an underwater antenna and / or a towed antenna.
  • the object is achieved by a watercraft, the vessel having a previously described sound transducer or a plurality of previously described sound transducers and / or a previously described underwater antenna and / or a previously described has described towed antenna and / or a previously described sonar.
  • a "watercraft” is a vehicle that can travel in particular on the water, in the water and / or underwater.
  • the vessel may be, for example, a tug and / or a submarine.
  • Figure 1 is a highly schematic representation of a
  • Figure 2 is a highly schematic plan view of the torus hydrophone of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is a highly schematic, not to scale sectional view of a towed ship with a towed antenna and a torus transmitting transducer on the seabed.
  • a torus hydrophone 101 has a first torus shell half 103 and a second torus shell half 105, which are firmly bonded at their contact surfaces to form a toroidal shape.
  • the first torus shell half 103 and the second torus shell half 105 each consist of a piezoelectric ceramic 109 and each have a silver layer 107 on their outer surface and their inner surface, not shown.
  • the piezoelectric ceramics 109 of the first torus shell half 103 and the second torus shell half 105 are similarly polarized.
  • the torus hydrophone 101 has a hole 113 in its center. Furthermore, the torus hydrophone 101 has a contact region 111 for a corresponding contact between the inner surface and the outer surface of the first Torusschalenhget 103 and the second Torusschalenhget 105.
  • a tugboat 331 travels on a water surface 317 and has a winch 333 at its stern.
  • a towed antenna 321 is connected to the winch 333 by means of a trailing cable 335 and is towed by the tugboat 331 in the water.
  • the towed antenna 321 has an aramid rope 323 which is connected to the towing cable 335. At the side of the trailing cable 335, the aramid rope 323 is guided through an end piece 329 and connected on an opposite side of the trailing antenna 321 with another end piece 329. Between the two end pieces 329 eight torus hydrophones 101 are threaded at equal distances from each other on the Aramidseil 323, which in each case by the hole 313 of the torus hydrophones 101 is guided. Between the torus hydrophones 101, a spacer 327 is arranged in each case, whereby the torus hydrophones 101 keep a uniform distance from each other and their respective position.
  • the torus hydrophones 101 are electrically contacted via a line, not shown, which is guided around the Aramidseil 323 and is electrically connected to the trailing cable 335.
  • the end piece 329, the torus hydrophones 101 and the spacers 327 are surrounded on their outer surface by a tube 325 which is filled with a sound-conducting oil.
  • An active underwater transmitter 212 is disposed on the seabed 215 and has a torus transmitting transducer 201 and a carrier 223, with a tip of the carrier 223 being bonded in the hole in the center of the torus transmitting transducer 201.
  • the active underwater transmitter 221 emits an underwater sound signal at regular intervals.
  • an alternating voltage with a suitable frequency is applied to a piezoelectric ceramic of the torus transmitting transducer 201 by means of a not shown electronics inside the torus transmitting transducer 201, whereby the piezoelectric ceramic of the torus transmitting transducer 201 expands and a subsea sound signal of 75 kHz with a rotationally symmetrical directional characteristic is discharged into the water.
  • the underwater sound signals of the active underwater transmitter 221 are detected by the torus hydrophones 101 of the towed antenna 321, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic 109 of the two torus shell halves 103 and 105 deforms due to the incident sound pressure, thereby changing their electrical polarization and electrical voltage the silver layers 107 of the two Torusschalenhonne 103 and 105 occurs.
  • the occurring electrical voltage is converted in the interior of the torus hydrophones 101 by means of a signal conditioning electronics, not shown in an analog signal and passed via the not shown line to the aramid cable 323 and the trailing cable 335 to a not shown, externally arranged on the towboat 331 signal processing device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un transducteur acoustique destiné à émettre et/ou à recevoir des signaux sous-marins sonores, ledit transducteur acoustique présentant au moins deux coques comportant chacune un matériau piézocéramique et étant chacune électroconductrices au niveau d'une surface extérieure et d'une surface intérieure, les coques de transducteur acoustique constituant une forme toroïdale, de sorte qu'un signal sonore sous-marin peut être émis et/ou reçu à symétrie de rotation. L'invention concerne également une antenne immergée, une antenne remorquée, un sonar pour émettre et/ou recevoir des signaux sonores sous-marins ainsi qu'un véhicule nautique.
PCT/EP2019/057556 2018-04-09 2019-03-26 Transducteur acoustique destiné à émettre et/ou à recevoir des signaux sonores sous-marins, antenne immergée, antenne remorquée, sonar et véhicule nautique WO2019197149A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19715023.8A EP3774082A1 (fr) 2018-04-09 2019-03-26 Transducteur acoustique destiné à émettre et/ou à recevoir des signaux sonores sous-marins, antenne immergée, antenne remorquée, sonar et véhicule nautique

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018205285.9 2018-04-09
DE102018205285.9A DE102018205285A1 (de) 2018-04-09 2018-04-09 Schallwandler zum Senden und/oder Empfangen von Unterwasserschallsignalen, Unterwasserantenne, Schleppantenne, Sonar und Wasserfahrzeug

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019197149A1 true WO2019197149A1 (fr) 2019-10-17

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Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3774082A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018205285A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019197149A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3569921A (en) * 1969-01-13 1971-03-09 Us Navy Cylinder-rod dual resonant transducer array
US4797863A (en) 1986-12-22 1989-01-10 Honeywell, Inc. Underwater acoustical transducer
US4876675A (en) 1987-09-12 1989-10-24 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Towed piezoelectric cable
DE19516727C1 (de) * 1995-05-06 1996-02-22 Stn Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Unterwasser-Schallsender
US20040017129A1 (en) 1999-12-21 2004-01-29 Anthony Hooley Electro active devices
KR100831646B1 (ko) * 2007-02-15 2008-05-22 한국해양연구원 4개의 1/4 환형원판 배열 음향 트랜스듀서와 수중 카메라를이용한 무인잠수정의 수중 도킹 유도 장치
DE102016103944A1 (de) * 2016-03-04 2017-09-07 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Hydrophoneinheit, Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Hydrophoneinheit sowie Sonarsystem und Unterwasserfahrzeug damit

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3569921A (en) * 1969-01-13 1971-03-09 Us Navy Cylinder-rod dual resonant transducer array
US4797863A (en) 1986-12-22 1989-01-10 Honeywell, Inc. Underwater acoustical transducer
US4876675A (en) 1987-09-12 1989-10-24 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Towed piezoelectric cable
DE19516727C1 (de) * 1995-05-06 1996-02-22 Stn Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Unterwasser-Schallsender
US20040017129A1 (en) 1999-12-21 2004-01-29 Anthony Hooley Electro active devices
KR100831646B1 (ko) * 2007-02-15 2008-05-22 한국해양연구원 4개의 1/4 환형원판 배열 음향 트랜스듀서와 수중 카메라를이용한 무인잠수정의 수중 도킹 유도 장치
DE102016103944A1 (de) * 2016-03-04 2017-09-07 Atlas Elektronik Gmbh Hydrophoneinheit, Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Hydrophoneinheit sowie Sonarsystem und Unterwasserfahrzeug damit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3774082A1 (fr) 2021-02-17
DE102018205285A1 (de) 2019-10-10

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