WO2019196104A1 - 具有自支撑纳米片的纳米材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

具有自支撑纳米片的纳米材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2019196104A1
WO2019196104A1 PCT/CN2018/083020 CN2018083020W WO2019196104A1 WO 2019196104 A1 WO2019196104 A1 WO 2019196104A1 CN 2018083020 W CN2018083020 W CN 2018083020W WO 2019196104 A1 WO2019196104 A1 WO 2019196104A1
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metal
self
supporting
nanomaterial
hydroxide
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French (fr)
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喻学锋
康翼鸿
高明
刘丹妮
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G51/00Compounds of cobalt
    • C01G51/04Oxides

Definitions

  • a method for preparing a nano material having a plurality of layers of self-supporting metal hydroxide and/or metal oxide nanosheets comprising the steps of:
  • the thickness of the metal piece is preferably from 0.1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the raw material metal particle size used is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, the specific surface area is too large, the reaction is too intense, and the oxide or hydroxide does not completely follow the surface growth with the lowest surface energy, so that the nanosheet structure cannot be formed; and the raw material metal particles
  • the size exceeds 100 ⁇ m the specific surface area is too small, the reaction rate is very slow, the nanosheet cannot grow continuously, and it changes to other morphology during the growth process, and it cannot form a self-supporting metal hydroxide and/or metal on the core surface.
  • Oxide nanosheets when the thickness of the metal sheet used is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, the specific surface area is too large, the reaction is too intense, and the oxide or hydroxide does not completely follow the surface growth with the lowest surface energy, so the nanosheet structure cannot be formed.
  • the thickness of the metal sheet exceeds 50 ⁇ m, the specific surface area is too small, the reaction rate is very slow, the nanosheet cannot grow continuously, and it changes to other morphology during the growth process, and it cannot form a multilayer self-supporting metal hydroxide on the core surface. And/or metal oxide nanosheets.
  • Neutral or alkaline conditions can promote the production and growth of metal hydroxides/oxides, which facilitate the formation of multiple layers of self-supporting metal hydroxide and/or metal oxide nanosheets on the surface of the metal core.
  • concentration of OH- in the solution is too high, the corrosion is too strong, and the metal is directly etched, and even the nanostructures that have been formed are destroyed.
  • the pH of the aqueous solution is from 7 to 14.
  • the reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature not exceeding 80 °C.
  • the further modified reaction temperature as the above production method is preferably from 15 to 45 °C.
  • the drying temperature is further preferably not more than 80 ° C, and the metal hydroxide/oxide nanosheet may be better prevented from being destroyed below 60 ° C.
  • the stirring rate is 50-500 Rpm.
  • the metal is an alloy formed of a transition metal element or a transition metal. Further, the metal is selected from at least one of cobalt, nickel, copper, iron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, or an alloy of at least two metal elements. Alloys include, but are not limited to, nickel-cobalt alloys, nickel-iron alloys, copper-nickel alloys, iron-cobalt-nickel alloys, cobalt-zinc alloys, and the like.
  • the particle size of the metal core after the reaction is 0.05 ⁇ m to 20 Mm. Further, after the reaction, the particle diameter of the granular metal core is 0.05 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m; and the particle size of the sheet metal core is 0.05 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the average thickness of the sheet metal core after the completion of the reaction is 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m.
  • the average thickness of the nanosheets after the end of the reaction is from 1 nm to 50 nm.
  • the length of the nanosheet after the end of the reaction is from 100 nm to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the reaction time can be adjusted accordingly depending on the size of the starting metal particles used, the reaction temperature, and the characteristics of the nanomaterials including, but not limited to, the particle size of the metal core, the thickness of the nanosheet, and the length.
  • the reaction time is at least 2 hours, preferably 5 hours or more, such as 5 to 15 hours, 5 to 10 hours.
  • the preparation method of the metal sheet comprises: mixing metal particles having an average particle size of 1 to 50 ⁇ m and a surfactant, and ball milling to obtain a metal piece.
  • the surfactant is polyethylene glycol added in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by mass of the metal particles.
  • the specific surface area of the metal or alloy can be greatly increased at a low cost, and a large number of dislocations and defects are introduced, and the corrosion process of the metal or alloy is accelerated. Since the thickness of the flake metal powder can easily reach the nanometer order, the electrochemical potential generated during the corrosion process is strengthened, and the corrosion is further accelerated. In addition, some metal-soluble transition products are produced during the metal corrosion process, resulting in a continuous growth process of the surface nanosheets, forming a large number of interdigitated metal hydroxide nanosheets on the surface of the metal or alloy. It is advantageous to obtain multilayer self-supporting metal hydroxide and/or metal oxide nanosheets with superior performance.
  • the above multilayer self-supporting metal hydroxide and/or metal oxide nanosheets are used as catalytic, adsorption or energy storage materials.
  • the invention only uses the transition metal or its alloy powder as a raw material, and the aqueous solution is a solvent, and the material can be prepared on a large scale by the corrosion reaction of water on the metal.
  • the preparation method is simple and easy to operate, green and environmentally friendly, does not require any chemical reagents, and utilizes the principle of metal corrosion to accelerate the corrosion process by utilizing the large specific surface area of the metal particles at the micro scale.
  • the high curvature of the small metal particles exacerbates the stress between the corrosion product (metal hydroxide) and the original metal particles, thereby ensuring the metal hydroxide and/or metal oxide nanosheets and metal surfaces generated by the corrosion. Uninterrupted separation.
  • a partially soluble water-soluble transition product is produced during the metal corrosion process, resulting in a continuous growth process of the surface nanosheets, forming a large number of interdigitated metal hydroxides and/or metal oxide nanoparticles on the surface of the metal particles. sheet.
  • Fig. 1 is an electron micrograph of a cobalt powder raw material used in the present example, and it can be seen that the powder is a spherical powder having an average size of 1 ⁇ m.
  • Fig. 2 is an electron micrograph of the flake cobalt powder prepared in the present example.
  • the prepared cobalt hydroxide/oxide multi-stage nanosheet has an average thickness of 1 micrometer, a size of 10 to 100 micrometers, a cobalt metal sheet core thickness of less than 0.1 micrometer, and an average thickness of the cobalt hydroxide/oxide nanosheet. 5 nanometers.
  • the cobalt hydroxide/oxide nanosheets prepared in this example were subjected to a current test to further characterize the energy storage characteristics of the nanosheets.
  • the specific test method is as follows: the self-supporting metal hydroxide/oxide nanosheet prepared in Example 1 is dispersed in deionized water at a concentration of 2 mg/ml, and then 10 ⁇ l of the suspension is uniformly dropped at 0.07 cm 2 .
  • the glassy carbon electrode is equipped as a three-electrode system as a positive electrode, the counter electrode is a platinum wire, the reference electrode is a Hg/HgO electrode, and the electrolyte is a 1 mol/L potassium hydroxide solution, and the OER performance is tested by an electrochemical workstation.
  • the scanning speed is 5mV/s, the accuracy is 1mV, and the voltage window is 0.3 ⁇ 1V.
  • the self-supporting cobalt hydroxide/oxide nanosheet current-voltage curve prepared in Test Example 1 is shown in Fig. 11 (voltage is a standard hydrogen electrode voltage). It can be seen that the nanosheets have better electrocatalytic properties.
  • the prepared cobalt hydroxide/oxide nanosheet has an average thickness of 200 nm, a size of 1 to 10 ⁇ m, a nickel-cobalt metal sheet core thickness of less than 20 nm, and a cobalt nickel hydroxide/oxide nanosheet average thickness of 5 Nano.
  • the prepared cobalt-nickel-iron hydroxide/oxide nanosheet has an average thickness of 2 ⁇ m and a size of 5 to 50 ⁇ m, and the core thickness of the cobalt-nickel-iron metal sheet is less than 100 nm, and the cobalt-nickel hydroxide/oxide nanosheet average The thickness is 20 nm.
  • the prepared nickel zinc hydroxide/oxide nanosheet has an average thickness of 1 micrometer and a size of 5 to 50 micrometers, a nickel-zinc metal foil core thickness of less than 100 nanometers, and an average thickness of the cobalt nickel hydroxide/oxide nanosheet. 10 nanometers.
  • the prepared copper zinc hydroxide/oxide nanosheet has an average thickness of 1 micrometer, a size of 10 to 100 micrometers, a copper-zinc metal foil core thickness of less than 100 nanometers, and an average thickness of the copper zinc hydroxide/oxide nanosheet. 5 nanometers.
  • Figure 8 is a micron cobalt powder prepared in this example.
  • Figure 9 is an electron micrograph of the cobalt hydroxide/oxide particles prepared in this example.
  • Figure 10 is an electron micrograph of a cross section of the cobalt hydroxide/oxide particles prepared in this example. It can be seen that there is a large amount of gap between the sheet and the sheet layer of the self-supporting cobalt hydroxide/oxide particles. The overall shape is good. However, compared to the sheet-like nanosheets, the core remains more and the specific surface area is smaller.
  • Example 2 The same as in Example 1, except that the flaky cobalt powder obtained by ball milling was reacted at 100 ° C for 2 h to prepare a nano material.
  • the prepared cobalt hydroxide/oxide nanosheets have an average size of 1 ⁇ m and an average thickness of 5
  • the self-supporting nanosheet particle size is about 5 [mu]m.
  • Figure 12 is an electron micrograph of the cobalt powder raw material used in the present example, and it can be seen that the powder is a spherical powder having an average size of 1 Mm.
  • Figure 13 is an electron micrograph of the cobalt hydroxide/oxide nanosheet prepared in this example. It can be seen that there is a large amount of gap between the sheet and the layer of the self-supporting cobalt hydroxide/oxide nanosheet. The overall shape is good.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of the sample with the metal core inside it clearly visible.
  • the cobalt hydroxide/oxide nanosheets prepared in this example were subjected to a current test to further characterize the energy storage characteristics of the nanosheets.
  • the specific test method is:
  • the self-supporting cobalt hydroxide/oxide nanosheet current-voltage curve prepared in Test Example 7 is shown in Fig. 20 (voltage is a standard hydrogen electrode voltage). It can be seen that the nanosheets have better electrocatalytic properties.
  • the prepared iron hydroxide/oxide nanosheets have an average size of 200 nm, an average thickness of 5 nm, and a self-supporting nanosheet particle size of about 1 Mm.
  • the average size of 10g is 20 Mixing ⁇ m of nickel-cobalt alloy powder with 5 ml of deionized water, and letting the reaction stand at 30-450 ° C for 36 hours;
  • the prepared nickel cobalt hydroxide/oxide nanosheets have an average size of 1 ⁇ m, an average thickness of 5 nm, and a self-supporting nanosheet particle size of about 3 Mm.
  • the prepared nickel iron hydroxide/oxide nanosheets have an average size of 3 ⁇ m, an average thickness of 50 nm, and a self-supporting nanosheet particle size of about 10 Mm.
  • the prepared cobalt hydroxide/oxide nanosheets had an average size of 200 nm and an average thickness of 20 nm.
  • the Raman map (Fig. 21) shows that the material is Co 3 O 4 (having 481, 519, 616, 686, which are four characteristic peaks).

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了具有自支撑纳米片的纳米材料及其制备方法和应用,该材料的核心为颗粒尺寸为0.05 μm~20 μm的金属核,金属核表面为对应金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片形成的自支撑纳米结构。本发明的金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片是基于片层与金属内核以及片层与片层之间的自交联组装形成的,具有较高的比表面积和稳定的三维网络结构,其结合了金属氢氧化物优异的物理化学性能和纳米片超薄的特性。

Description

具有自支撑纳米片的纳米材料及其制备方法和应用
一种具有多层自支撑金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片的纳米材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1) 将平均颗粒尺寸为1 μm~100 μm的金属片或金属颗粒与水溶液混合,不高于80℃下反应充分;
2) 反应结束后过滤,洗涤,不高于100℃下干燥,得到具有自支撑金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片的纳米材料。
作为上述制备方法的进一步改进,金属片的厚度优选为0.1μm~50μm。
当使用的原料金属颗粒尺寸小于0.1μm,其比表面积过大,反应过于剧烈,氧化物或者氢氧化物不会完全遵循表面能最低的晶面生长,因此无法生成纳米片结构;而原料金属颗粒的尺寸超过100μm时,比表面积过小,反应速度非常缓慢,纳米片无法持续生长,在生长过程中就转变为其他形貌,也无法形成在核心表面形成自支撑金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片;当使用的金属片厚度小于0.1μm时,其比表面积过大,反应过于剧烈,氧化物或者氢氧化物不会完全遵循表面能最低的晶面生长,因此无法生成纳米片结构;而金属片厚度超过50μm时,比表面积过小,反应速度非常缓慢,纳米片无法持续生长,在生长过程中就转变为其他形貌,也无法形成在核心表面形成多层自支撑金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片。
中性或者碱性条件下,可以促进金属氢氧化物/氧化物的产生和生长,利于在金属核表面形成多层自支撑金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片。但是溶液中的OH-浓度过高时,腐蚀性过强,会直接刻蚀金属,甚至破坏已经生成的纳米结构。作为上述制备方法的进一步改进,水溶液的pH为7~14。
温度在一定范围内升高有助于加速金属的氧化反应,但是温度在80℃以上,会导致反应过于剧烈破坏形成的纳米结构。为获得形貌优异的多层自支撑金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片,反应优选在不超过80℃的条件下进行。作为上述制备方法的进一步改进反应温度优选为15~45℃。
为避免干燥时金属氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片被破坏,干燥的温度进一步优选不超过80℃,60℃以下可以更好地避免金属氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片被破坏。
搅拌可以使反应更为均匀和迅速,但是高速搅拌时会产生较大的剪切力,致使生成的纳米片从金属核心上脱落。作为上述制备方法的进一步改进,搅拌的速率为50~500 rpm。
作为上述制备方法的进一步改进,金属为过渡金属元素或过渡金属形成的合金。更进一步的,金属选自钴、镍、铜、铁、锌、锰、钼中的至少一种,或至少两种金属元素形成的合金。合金包括但不限于镍钴合金,镍铁合金,铜镍合金,铁钴镍合金,钴锌合金等。
作为上述制备方法的进一步改进,反应结束后金属核的颗粒尺寸为0.05 μm~20 μm。进一步的,反应结束后颗粒状金属核的粒径为0.05 μm~10 μm;片状金属核的颗粒尺寸为0.05 μm~10 μm。
作为上述制备方法的进一步改进,反应结束后片状金属核的平均厚度为0.01~1μm。
作为上述制备方法的进一步改进,反应结束后纳米片的平均厚度为1 nm~50 nm。
作为上述制备方法的进一步改进,反应结束后纳米片的长度为100nm~100μm。
反应的时间可以根据使用的原料金属颗粒的尺寸、反应温度和纳米材料的特性(包括但不限于金属核的颗粒大小、纳米片的厚度、长度)进行相应的调整。一般而言,反应的时间至少为2小时,优选为5小时以上,如5~15小时,5~10小时。
作为上述制备方法的进一步改进,金属片的制备方法包括:将平均颗粒尺寸为1~50μm的金属颗粒和表面活性剂混合,球磨得到金属片。
作为上述制备方法的进一步改进,表面活性剂为聚乙二醇,其添加量为金属颗粒质量的0.5~5%。
通过在球磨制备金属片的过程中添加聚乙二醇作为表面活性剂,可以低成本地大幅提高金属或者合金的比表面积,同时引入大量位错和缺陷,加速金属或者合金的腐蚀过程。由于片状金属粉末厚度很容易达到纳米量级,导致腐蚀过程中产生的电化学电势作用加强,进一步加速腐蚀。再加上金属腐蚀过程中会产生部分溶于水的过渡产物,导致表面纳米片还会有一个持续生长的过程,在金属或者合金表面形成大量相互交错的金属氢氧化物纳米片。有利于得到性能更为优异的多层自支撑金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片。
上述多层自支撑金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片作为催化、吸附或储能材料的应用。
本发明仅仅采用过渡金属或其合金粉末为原料,水溶液为溶剂,利用水对金属的腐蚀反应即可大规模制备出材料。该制备方法简单易操作、绿色环保,无需使用任何化学试剂,利用金属腐蚀的原理,利用微尺度下金属颗粒的大比表面积加速了腐蚀过程。同时,小金属颗粒的高曲率,加剧了腐蚀产物(金属氢氧化物)和原金属颗粒之间的应力,从而保证了由腐蚀产生的金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片与金属表面的不间断分离。再加上金属腐蚀过程中会产生部分溶于水的过渡产物,导致表面纳米片还会有一个持续生长的过程,在金属颗粒表面形成大量相互交错的金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片。
实施例1
1) 将30g 300目的还原钴粉和0.2g的聚乙二醇以及40个直径为1cm的不锈钢球混合放入球磨机,先300转/分钟转速球磨半小时,然后再使用500转/分钟球磨5小时,得到片状钴粉;
2) 将片状钴粉和15毫升去离子水混合,在20~25℃下静置48小时;
3) 把产物清洗,在70℃下干燥8小时,得到具有自支撑钴氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的纳米材料。
图1是本实施例所采用的钴粉末原料的电子显微镜照片,可以看到,该粉末为球形粉末,平均尺寸为1微米。
图2是本实施例所制备的片状钴粉的电子显微镜图片。
图3是本实施例所制备的钴氢氧化纳米片的电子显微镜图片,可以看出,自支撑钴氢氧化物纳米片,片层与片层之间存在大量的间隙,总体成型良好。所制备的钴氢氧化物/氧化物多级纳米片的平均厚度为1个微米,尺寸为10~100微米,钴金属片核心厚度小于0.1微米,钴氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片平均厚度为5纳米。
图4是本实施例所制备的钴氢氧化纳米片的X射线衍射谱,可以看出,自支撑钴氢氧化物纳米片中含有大量的金属钴,证明其核心为未被腐蚀的金属钴片。
对本实施例所制备的钴氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片进行电流测试,以进一步表征该纳米片的储能特性。具体的测试方法为:将实施例1制备的自支撑金属氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片按照2毫克/毫升的浓度分散在去离子水中,然后将10微升的悬浮液均匀滴在0.07cm2的玻碳电极上作为正极配装为三电极体系,对电极为铂丝,参比电极为Hg/HgO电极,电解质为1摩尔/升的氢氧化钾溶液,利用电化学工作站测试其OER性能,扫描速度为5mV/s,精度为1mV,电压窗口为0.3~1V。测试实施例1制得的自支撑钴氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片电流-电压曲线如图11(电压为标准氢电极电压)。可以看出,纳米片具有较好电催化性能。
实施例2:
1) 将15g 300目的还原钴粉,15g 小于5微米的还原镍粉(如图5)以及40个直径为1cm的不锈钢球混合放入球磨机,并以500转/分钟的转速球磨7小时;
2) 向球磨罐中加入0.4g的聚乙二醇先300转/分钟转速球磨半小时,然后再使用500转/分钟球磨3小时,得到钴镍合金片(如图6);
3) 将球磨制备的钴镍合金粉和15毫升去离子水混合,在35~45℃下静置24小时;
4) 把产物清洗,在70℃下干燥8小时,得到具有自支撑钴镍氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的纳米材料(如图7)。
所制备的钴氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的平均厚度为200纳米,尺寸为1~10微米,镍钴金属片核心厚度小于20纳米,钴镍氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片平均厚度为5纳米。
实施例3:
1) 将10g 300目的还原钴粉,10g 小于5微米的还原镍粉,10g 小于300目的铁粉以及40个直径为1cm的不锈钢球混合放入球磨机,并以500转/分钟的转速球磨3小时;
2) 向球磨罐中加入0.15g的聚乙二醇先300转/分钟转速球磨半小时,然后再使用500转/分钟球磨3小时,得到钴镍铁合金片;
3) 将球磨制备的钴镍合金粉和15毫升去离子水混合,在70~80℃静置5小时;
4) 把产物清洗,在70℃下干燥8小时,得到具有自支撑钴镍氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的纳米材料。
所制备的钴镍铁氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的平均厚度为2微米,尺寸为5~50微米,钴镍铁金属片核心厚度小于100纳米,钴镍氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片平均厚度为20纳米。
实施例4:
1) 将15g 300目的锌粉,15g 小于5微米的还原镍粉以及40个直径为1cm的不锈钢球混合放入球磨机,并以500转/分钟的转速球磨3小时;
2) 向球磨罐中加入0.8g的聚乙二醇先300转/分钟转速球磨半小时,然后再使用500转/分钟球磨3小时,得到镍锌合金片;
3) 将球磨制备的镍锌合金粉和15毫升去离子水混合,在15~20℃静置48小时;
4) 把产物清洗,在70℃下干燥8小时,得到具有自支撑镍锌氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的纳米材料。
所制备的镍锌氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的平均厚度为1微米,尺寸为5~50微米,镍锌金属片核心厚度小于100纳米,钴镍氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片平均厚度为10纳米。
实施例5:
1) 将15g 300目的锌粉,15g 300目的铜粉以及40个直径为1cm的不锈钢球混合放入球磨机,并以500转/分钟的转速球磨3小时;
2) 向球磨罐中加入1.5g的聚乙二醇先300转/分钟转速球磨半小时,然后再使用500转/分钟球磨3小时,得到铜锌合金片;
3) 将球磨制备的铜锌合金粉和15毫升去离子水混合,在15~20℃静置24小时;
4) 产物清洗,在70℃下干燥8小时,得到具有自支撑铜锌氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的纳米材料。
所制备的铜锌氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的平均厚度为1微米,尺寸为10~100微米,铜锌金属片核心厚度小于100纳米,铜锌氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片平均厚度为5纳米。
实施例6:
1) 将30g 300目的还原钴粉和40个直径为1cm的不锈钢球混合放入球磨机,先300转/分钟转速球磨半小时,然后再使用500转/分钟球磨5小时,得到微米钴粉;
2) 将微米钴粉和15毫升去离子水混合,在20~25℃下静置48小时;
3) 把产物清洗,在70℃下干燥8小时,得到具有自支撑钴氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的纳米材料。
图8是本实施例所制备的微米钴粉。
图9是本实施例所制备的钴氢氧化物/氧化物颗粒的电子显微镜图片。
图10是本实施例所制备的钴氢氧化物/氧化物颗粒横截面的电子显微镜图片,可以看出,自支撑钴氢氧化物/氧化物颗粒,片层与片层之间存在大量的间隙,总体成型良好。但是相比于片状纳米片,核心残留更多,比表面积更小。
对比例1:
同实施例1,不同之处在于将球磨制得的片状钴粉在100℃反应2 h以制备纳米材料。
结果显示无法制备得到具有自支撑金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片的纳米材料。
实施例7
1) 将10g平均尺寸为1 μm的钴粉和5毫升1M的KOH溶液(pH=14)混合,在室温(22~28℃)下静置反应48小时;
2) 最后把产物清洗,在70℃下干燥8小时,得到具有自支撑钴氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的纳米材料。
所制备的钴氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的平均尺寸为1μm,平均厚度为5 nm,自支撑纳米片颗粒尺寸约为5μm。
图12是本实施例所采用的钴粉末原料的电子显微镜照片,可以看到,该粉末为球形粉末,平均尺寸为1 μm。图13是本实施例所制备的钴氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的电子显微镜图片,可以看出,自支撑钴氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片,片层与片层之间存在大量的间隙,总体成型良好。图14是该样品的截面图,可以清晰看见其内的金属核心。
对本实施例所制备的钴氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片进行电流测试,以进一步表征该纳米片的储能特性。具体的测试方法为:
1) 将实施例7制备的自支撑金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片按照2毫克/毫升的浓度分散在去离子水中;
2) 将10微升的悬浮液均匀滴在0.07cm2的玻碳电极上作为正极配装为三电极体系,对电极为铂丝,参比电极为Hg/HgO电极,电解质为1摩尔/升的氢氧化钾溶液,利用电化学工作站测试其OER性能,扫描速度为5mV/s,精度为1mV,电压窗口为0.3~1V。
测试实施例7制得的自支撑钴氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片电流-电压曲线如图20(电压为标准氢电极电压)。可以看出,纳米片具有较好电催化性能。
实施例8:
1) 将10g平均尺寸为100 nm的铁粉(如图15)和5毫升去离子水混合,在70~80℃下静置反应5小时;
2) 把产物清洗,在70℃下干燥8小时,得到具有自支撑铁氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的纳米材料。
所制备的铁氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的平均尺寸为200nm,平均厚度为5nm,自支撑纳米片颗粒尺寸约为1 μm。
实施例9:
1) 将10g平均尺寸为20 μm的镍钴合金粉末和5毫升去离子水混合,在30~450℃下静置反应36小时;
2) 把产物清洗,在60℃下干燥9小时,得到具有自支撑镍钴氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的纳米材料(如图16)。
所制备的镍钴氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的平均尺寸为1 μm,平均厚度为5nm,自支撑纳米片颗粒尺寸约为3 μm。
实施例10:
1) 将10g 300目的镍铁钴合金粉末(摩尔比1:1:1)和50毫升去离子水混合,在15~20℃下静置反应48小时;
2) 把产物清洗,在70℃下干燥8小时,得到具有自支撑镍铁钴氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的纳米材料(如图17)。
所制备的镍铁氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的平均尺寸为3 μm,平均厚度为50nm,自支撑纳米片颗粒尺寸约为10 μm。
实施例11:
1) 将10g平均尺寸为10 μm的钴粉(如图18)和50毫升pH=10(KOH调节)的去离子水混合,加热到60℃,搅拌2小时;
2) 把产物清洗,在70℃下干燥8小时,得到分离的钴氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片(如图19)。
所制备的钴氢氧化物/氧化物纳米片的平均尺寸为200nm,平均厚度为20nm。拉曼图谱(图21)显示材料为Co3O4(拥有481,519,616,686,这4个特征峰)。
对比例2:
同实施例7,不同之处在于反应温度为100℃。
结果表明得到的产物中无明显的纳米结构。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种具有自支撑金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片的纳米材料,纳米材料具有金属核,金属核的颗粒尺寸为0.05 μm~20 μm,金属核表面为对应金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片形成的自支撑结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的纳米材料,其特征在于:金属核为颗粒状或片状。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的纳米材料,其特征在于:颗粒状金属核的粒径为0.05 μm~10 μm;片状金属核的颗粒尺寸为0.05 μm~10 μm。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的纳米材料,其特征在于:片状金属核的平均厚度为0.01~1μm。
  5. 根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的纳米材料,其特征在于:纳米片的平均厚度为1 nm~50 nm。
  6. 根据权利要求1~5任一项所述的纳米材料,其特征在于:纳米片的长度为100nm~100μm。
  7. 根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的纳米材料,其特征在于:金属为过渡金属元素或过渡金属形成的合金。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的纳米材料,其特征在于:金属选自钴、镍、铜、铁、锌、锰、钼中的至少一种,或至少两种金属元素形成的合金。
  9. 一种具有多层自支撑金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片的纳米材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
    1) 将平均颗粒尺寸为1 μm~100 μm的金属片或金属颗粒与水溶液混合,不高于80℃下反应充分;
    2) 反应结束后过滤,洗涤,不高于100℃下干燥,得到具有自支撑金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片的纳米材料。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于:水溶液的pH为7~14。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的制备方法,其特征在于:金属为过渡金属元素或过渡金属形成的合金。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的制备方法,其特征在于:金属选自钴、镍、铜、铁、锌、锰、钼中的至少一种,或至少两种金属元素形成的合金。
  13. 根据权利要求9~12任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:反应结束后颗粒状金属核的粒径为0.05 μm~10 μm;片状金属核的颗粒尺寸为0.05 μm~10 μm。
  14. 根据权利要求9~13任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:反应结束后片状金属核的平均厚度为0.01~1μm。
  15. 根据权利要求9~14任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:反应结束后纳米片的平均厚度为1 nm~50 nm。
  16. 根据权利要求9~15任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:反应结束后纳米片的长度为100nm~100μm。
  17. 根据权利要求9~12任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:金属片的制备方法包括:将平均颗粒为1~50μm的金属颗粒和表面活性剂混合,球磨得到金属片。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的制备方法,其特征在于:表面活性剂为聚乙二醇,其添加量为金属颗粒质量的0.5~5%。
  19. 具有自支撑金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片的纳米材料作为催化、吸附或储能材料的应用,其特征在于:具有自支撑金属氢氧化物和/或金属氧化物纳米片的纳米材料作如权利要求1~8任一项所述,或按权利要求9~18任一项所述制备方法制备得到。
PCT/CN2018/083020 2018-04-13 2018-04-13 具有自支撑纳米片的纳米材料及其制备方法和应用 Ceased WO2019196104A1 (zh)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105469901A (zh) * 2015-11-20 2016-04-06 燕山大学 一种基于原位生长制备氢氧化镍-氧化镍薄膜电极的方法
WO2017040355A1 (en) * 2015-08-31 2017-03-09 University Of Massachusetts Compositions and methods for co2 adsorption and conversion to long-chain hydrocarbons

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017040355A1 (en) * 2015-08-31 2017-03-09 University Of Massachusetts Compositions and methods for co2 adsorption and conversion to long-chain hydrocarbons
CN105469901A (zh) * 2015-11-20 2016-04-06 燕山大学 一种基于原位生长制备氢氧化镍-氧化镍薄膜电极的方法

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