Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
  • A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
  • A61M25/06—Body-piercing guide needles or the like
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
  • A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
  • A61M25/06—Body-piercing guide needles or the like
  • A61M25/0606—"Over-the-needle" catheter assemblies, e.g. I.V. catheters
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
  • A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
  • A61M25/06—Body-piercing guide needles or the like
  • A61M25/065—Guide needles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
  • A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
  • A61M25/06—Body-piercing guide needles or the like
  • A61M25/0693—Flashback chambers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
  • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
  • A61M5/158—Needles for infusions; Accessories therefor, e.g. for inserting infusion needles, or for holding them on the body
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
  • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
  • A61M5/158—Needles for infusions; Accessories therefor, e.g. for inserting infusion needles, or for holding them on the body
  • A61M5/1582—Double lumen needles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
  • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
  • A61M5/158—Needles for infusions; Accessories therefor, e.g. for inserting infusion needles, or for holding them on the body
  • A61M2005/1585—Needle inserters
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
  • A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
  • A61M5/158—Needles for infusions; Accessories therefor, e.g. for inserting infusion needles, or for holding them on the body
  • A61M2005/1588—Needles for infusions; Accessories therefor, e.g. for inserting infusion needles, or for holding them on the body having means for monitoring, controlling or visual inspection, e.g. for patency check, avoiding extravasation
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
  • A61M5/178—Syringes
  • A61M5/31—Details
  • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles
  • A61M5/329—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles characterised by features of the needle shaft
  • A61M5/3291—Shafts with additional lateral openings

Definitions

• IV catheters are commonly used for a variety of infusion therapies.
• IV catheters may be used for infusing normal saline solution, various medicaments, or total parenteral nutrition into a patient.
• IV catheters may also be used for withdrawing blood from the patient.
• a common type of IV catheter is an over-the-needle peripheral IV catheter.
• the over-the-needle peripheral IV catheter may be mounted over an introducer needle having a sharp distal tip.
• the sharp distal tip may be used to pierce skin and a vasculature of the patient. Insertion of the IV catheter into the vasculature may follow the piercing of the vasculature by the introducer needle.
• the introducer needle and the IV catheter are generally inserted at a shallow angle through the skin into the vasculature of the patient with a bevel of the introducer needle facing away from the skin of the patient.
• a clinician In order to verify proper placement of the introducer needle and/or the IV catheter in the vasculature, a clinician generally confirms that there is flashback of blood, which may be visible to the clinician.
• the introducer needle may include a single notch, and in response to the distal tip of the introducer needle being positioned within the vasculature, blood may flow proximally through a needle lumen, exit the needle lumen through the notch, and then travel proximally between an outer surface of the introducer needle and an inner surface of another device (e.g., the IV catheter). Accordingly, where the other device is at least partially transparent, the clinician may visualize a small amount of blood“flashback” and thereby confirm placement of the catheter within the vasculature.
• Presence of a vasculature entrance indicator may facilitate successful placement of IV catheters.
• the clinician may temporarily occlude flow in the vasculature and withdraw the introducer needle, leaving the catheter in place for future blood withdrawal and/or fluid infusion.
• priming of the IV catheter is common practice.
• the clinician may fill the IV catheter with saline or another priming fluid to reduce or eliminate any air pockets disposed within the IV catheter.
• the saline may also fill a portion of a needle lumen proximate the notch, as well as distal to the notch, all the way to the distal tip of the introducer needle.
• flashback may be slowed due to diffusion. Flashback may also be difficult to visualize due to mixing of flashback with the saline.
• integrated IV catheter systems having an integrated extension tube do not include a flash chamber, which may be vented.
• integrated IV catheter systems may include, for example, the BD NEXIVATM Closed IV Catheter System, the BD NEXIVATM DIFFUSESTM Closed IV Catheter System, or the Becton Dickinson PEGASUSTM Safety Closed IV Catheter System.
• the IV catheter system may no longer be vented, and when the distal tip of the introducer needle enters the vasculature, blood may only slowly diffuse into the introducer needle. Also, transfixation of the vasculature may not be observed since the proximal diffusion of the blood may continue even when the distal tip is no longer properly placed within the vasculature.
• the present disclosure relates generally to an introducer needle having a first notch and a second notch, and related devices, systems, and methods.
• the introducer needle may include a proximal end, a distal tip, and a needle lumen extending between the proximal end and the distal tip.
• the introducer needle may include a wall, which may define the needle lumen.
• the first notch may be formed through the wall, and the second notch may be formed through the wall.
• the second notch may be proximal to the first notch.
• a catheter system may include a catheter adapter, which may include a distal end, a proximal end, and a lumen extending between the distal end and the proximal end.
• the catheter system may include a catheter, which may include an IV catheter, such as a peripheral IV catheter, for example.
• the catheter may extend distally from the distal end of the catheter adapter.
• the catheter system may include the introducer needle, which may extend through the catheter and beyond the distal end of the catheter when the introducer needle is in an insertion position for insertion into vasculature of a patient.
• the first notch of the introducer needle may be disposed within the catheter when the introducer needle is in the insertion position. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the catheter may be transparent. In some embodiments, where the proximal end of the introducer needle is vented such that air and/or fluid may travel proximally through the introducer needle, presence of the first and second notches may facilitate pressure-driven blood flow into the catheter for improved flashback and detection of transfixation. In some embodiments, the first and second notches may improve first needle stick success by improving the quality of flashback.
• the catheter system may include a first fluid pathway, which may extend from the first notch to the second notch between an outer surface of the introducer needle and an inner surface of a wall of the catheter, and a second fluid pathway, which may extend from the first notch to the second notch within the needle lumen.
• a first fluid pathway which may extend from the first notch to the second notch between an outer surface of the introducer needle and an inner surface of a wall of the catheter
• a second fluid pathway which may extend from the first notch to the second notch within the needle lumen.
• blood may flow through the first fluid pathway and/or the second fluid pathway.
• the first fluid pathway may provide pressure-driven flashback, even after the catheter system is primed.
• flashback may be faster through the first fluid pathway than the second fluid pathway.
• flashback through the first fluid pathway may be visible due to the transparency of the catheter.
• the first fluid pathway may have a larger volume than the second fluid pathway, which may facilitate faster flashback through the first fluid pathway than the second fluid pathway.
• a cross-section taken through the catheter system perpendicular to a central axis of the catheter system and between the first notch and the second notch may include a needle lumen area and another area between the outer surface of the introducer needle and the inner surface of the wall of the catheter.
• the other area may be greater than the needle lumen area.
• the other area may be greater than the needle lumen area in each cross-section taken through the catheter system perpendicular to the central axis along an entire length between the first notch and the second notch.
• the catheter system may include a flash chamber, which may facilitate flashback.
• the flash chamber may be in fluid communication with the needle lumen.
• the flash chamber may include a gas permeable vent.
• the gas permeable vent of the flash chamber may provide the venting that allows air and/or fluid to travel proximally through the introducer needle.
• the flash chamber may be disposed proximal to the proximal end of the introducer needle.
• the gas permeable vent may provide at least some resistance to air flow.
• the catheter may be primed prior to insertion of the catheter and introducer needle into the vasculature of the patient.
• the catheter may be primed when the introducer needle is in the insertion position.
• the user in order to prime the catheter, the user may fill the catheter with a priming fluid, such as, for example, saline, to reduce or eliminate any air pockets disposed within the catheter.
• the priming fluid may be disposed in a first portion of a needle lumen proximate the first notch and including the distal tip of the introducer needle. Additionally, in some embodiments, the priming fluid may be disposed in a second portion of the needle lumen proximate the second notch. In some embodiments, when the gas permeable vent provides the resistance, the priming fluid in the first portion may be separated from the priming fluid in the second portion, and air may be disposed between the first portion and the second portion in the needle lumen.
• blood pressure in response to the distal tip of the introducer needle entering the vasculature, blood pressure will drive the flashback into the needle. Additionally, in some embodiments, at least some of the flashback may then be driven out of the introducer needle at the first notch and into the catheter. Furthermore, in some embodiments, in response to the distal tip of the introducer needle entering the vasculature, the priming fluid outside the introducer needle and within the catheter tube between the first notch and the second notch may be driven into the introducer needle through the second notch and may eventually reach the flash chamber. In some embodiments, in response to the distal tip of the introducer needle entering the vasculature, blood may flow proximally through the needle as well. In some embodiments, the pressure-driven blood flow through the first fluid pathway, which may initially be filled with the priming fluid, may be faster than diffusion.
• the flash chamber may include a large, non-restrictive volume, which may facilitate the pressure-driven flow of the priming fluid and/or blood towards or into the flash chamber.
• a volume of the flash chamber may be large enough to hold the priming fluid disposed outside the introducer needle and within the catheter between the first notch and the second notch and/or the priming fluid that may travel into the flash chamber during priming of the catheter.
• the volume of the flash chamber may be large enough to hold blood when the distal tip of the introducer needle is disposed within the vasculature.
• a portion of the wall of the introducer needle between the first notch and the second notch may be pinched or crimped such that fluid, such as blood, is prevented from flowing in the needle lumen between the first notch and the second notch.
• the crimped portion of the wall may facilitate rapid flashback through the first fluid pathway.
• the second notch may be disposed within the catheter when the needle is in the insertion position. In some embodiments, the second notch may be disposed within the lumen of the catheter adapter when the needle is in the insertion position. In some embodiments, a distance between the first notch and the second notch may be greater than a length of the catheter, which may facilitate visibility of transfixation.
• the catheter system may include a needle hub, which may be coupled to the catheter adapter when the introducer needle is in the insertion position. In some embodiments, a proximal end of the introducer needle may be secured within the needle hub. In some embodiments, the flash chamber may be disposed within the needle hub.
• the catheter system may include a blood control septum, which may be disposed within the lumen of the catheter adapter.
• the septum may divide the lumen of the catheter adapter into a proximal chamber and a distal chamber.
• the second notch may be disposed distal to the septum when the introducer needle is in the insertion position.
• the catheter adapter may include a gas permeable vent, which may be selectively opened and/or closed.
• the gas permeable vent of the catheter adapter may be disposed distal to the septum such that air in the distal chamber may freely flow out of the gas permeable vent when the vent is opened.
• the gas permeable vent of the catheter adapter may be opened during priming of the catheter, which may prevent the priming fluid from being disposed in the first portion of the needle proximate the first notch and/or the second portion of the needle proximate the second notch, as the gas permeable vent of the catheter adapter may provide a path of low resistance for the priming fluid.
• the catheter system may include a seal, which may be secured within the lumen of the catheter adapter.
• the portion of the wall of the introducer needle between the first notch and the second notch may be pinched or crimped such that fluid is prevented from flowing in the needle lumen between the first notch and the second notch.
• the introducer needle may be rotatable from a priming position to the insertion position and/or from the insertion position to the priming position.
• the introducer needle may be disposed in the priming position during priming of the catheter and may be disposed in the insertion position during insertion into the vasculature.
• the seal when the introducer needle is in the priming position, the seal may cover and seal the second notch, which may prevent fluid from flowing through the second notch. In some embodiments, when the introducer needle is in the insertion position, the seal may not cover or seal the second notch and fluid may flow through the second notch. In some embodiments, in response to the second notch being uncovered or unsealed, rapid flashback may occur with blood flowing into the needle lumen via the second notch. In some embodiments, the seal may include a septum or flapper.
• the introducer needle may be rotatable between the priming position and the insertion position about the central axis of the catheter system, which may extend through the needle lumen.
• the introducer needle may be rotated by twisting the needle hub.
• the introducer needle may be rotated in a first direction and/or a second direction opposite the first direction.
• the second notch may be aligned with the seal when the introducer needle is in the priming position and the insertion position.
• the introducer needle may extend a same distance from the distal tip of the catheter when the introducer needle is in the priming position as when the introducer needle is in the insertion position.
• the catheter system may include a plug constructed of a dissolvable material.
• the plug may be disposed on top of the second notch to seal the second notch during priming of the catheter system.
• Figure 1 is a top view of an example catheter system, illustrating the catheter system in an insertion position, according to some embodiments
• Figure 2A is a cross-sectional view of an example introducer needle disposed within a an example catheter, illustrating the introducer needle in the insertion position, according to some embodiments;
• Figure 2B is a cross-sectional view along line 2B-2B of Figure 2A, according to some embodiments.
• Figure 2C is a cross-sectional view of the introducer needle of Figure 2A having an example crimp feature and disposed within the catheter, illustrating the introducer needle in the insertion position, according to some embodiments;
• Figure 2D is a cross-sectional view of the introducer needle of Figure 2A disposed within the catheter, illustrating the introducer needle in the insertion position and an example plug constructed of a dissolvable material, according to some embodiments;
• Figure 2E is a partial cutaway of the introducer needle of Figure 2A disposed within the catheter, illustrating the introducer needle in the insertion position and a sleeve element constructed of a dissolvable material, according to some embodiments;
• Figure 3A is a top view of an example needle assembly, according to some embodiments.
• Figure 3B is a partial cutaway view of the needle assembly of Figure 3A, according to some embodiments.
• Figure 4A is a cross-sectional view of the catheter system of Figure 1 A, illustrating the catheter system in the insertion position and an example seal covering an example second notch, according to some embodiments;
• Figure 4B is a cross-sectional view of the catheter system of Figure 1 A, illustrating the seal removed from the second notch, according to some embodiments.
• a catheter system 10 may include a catheter adapter 12, which may include a distal end, a proximal end, and a lumen extending between the distal end and the proximal end.
• the catheter system 10 may include a catheter 14, which may include an IV catheter, such as a peripheral IV catheter, for example.
• the catheter 14 may extend distally from the distal end of the catheter adapter 12.
• the catheter system 10 may include the introducer needle 16, which may extend through the catheter 14 and beyond the distal end of the catheter 14 when the introducer needle 16 is in an insertion position for insertion into vasculature of a patient.
• the catheter system 10 may include a needle hub 18, which may be coupled to the catheter adapter 12 when the introducer needle 16 is in the insertion position. In some embodiments, a proximal end of the introducer needle 16 may be secured within the needle hub 18. In some embodiments, the catheter system 10 may include a needle shield 19. In some embodiments, the catheter system 10 may be integrated or non-integrated. In some embodiments, the catheter system 10 may include the needle shield 19 or any other type of suitable needle safety mechanism.
• the introducer needle 16 may include a proximal end, a distal tip 20, and a needle lumen 22 extending between the proximal end and the distal tip 20.
• the introducer needle 16 may include a wall 24, which may define the needle lumen 22.
• the first notch 26 may be formed through the wall 24, and the second notch 28 may be formed through the wall 24.
• the second notch 28 may be proximal to the first notch 26.
• the wall 24 may include more than two notches.
• the first notch 26 of the introducer needle 16 may be disposed within the catheter 14 when the introducer needle 16 is in the insertion position. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the catheter 14 may be transparent. In some embodiments, presence of the second notch 28 may facilitate pressure-driven blood flow into the catheter 14 for improved flashback and detection of transfixation. In some embodiments, the second notch 28 may improve first needle stick success by improving the quality of flashback.
• the catheter system 10 may include a first fluid pathway 30, which may extend from the first notch 26 to the second notch 28 between an outer surface of the introducer needle 16 and an inner surface of a wall 32 forming the catheter 14, and a second fluid pathway 34, which may extend from the first notch 26 to the second notch 28 within the needle lumen 22.
• a first fluid pathway 30 may extend from the first notch 26 to the second notch 28 between an outer surface of the introducer needle 16 and an inner surface of a wall 32 forming the catheter 14, and a second fluid pathway 34, which may extend from the first notch 26 to the second notch 28 within the needle lumen 22.
• blood may flow through the first fluid pathway 30 and/or the second fluid pathway 34.
• the first fluid pathway 30 may provide pressure-driven flashback, even after the catheter system 10 is primed.
• flashback or proximal blood travel may be faster through the first fluid pathway 30 than the second fluid pathway 34.
• flashback through the first fluid pathway 30 may be visible due to the transparency of the catheter 14.
• the second notch 28 may be disposed within the catheter 14 when the introducer needle 16 is in the insertion position. In some embodiments, the second notch 28 may be disposed within the lumen of the catheter adapter (as illustrated, for example, in Figures 4A-4B) when the introducer needle 16 is in the insertion position. In some embodiments, a distance between the first notch 26 and the second notch 28 may be greater than a length of the catheter 14, which may facilitate visibility of transfixation.
• the first fluid pathway 30 may have a larger volume than the second fluid pathway 34, which may facilitate faster flashback or proximal blood travel through the first fluid pathway 30 than the second fluid pathway 34.
• a cross-section taken through the catheter system 10 perpendicular to a central axis 40 of the catheter system 10 and between the first notch 26 and the second notch 28 may include a needle lumen area 36 and another area 38 between the outer surface of the introducer needle 16 and the inner surface of the wall 32 of the catheter 14.
• the other area 38 may be greater than the needle lumen area 36.
• the other area 38 may be greater than the needle lumen area 36 in each cross-section taken through the catheter system 10 perpendicular to the central axis 40 along an entire length between the first notch 26 and the second notch 28.
• a portion of the wall 24 of the introducer needle 16 between the first notch 26 and the second notch 28 may be pinched or crimped such that fluid, such as blood, is prevented from flowing in the needle lumen 22 between the first notch 26 and the second notch 38.
• the crimped portion 42 of the wall 24 may facilitate rapid flashback through the first fluid pathway 30.
• a plug 42 which may be constructed of a dissolvable material, may seal the second notch 28 during priming of the catheter 14. In some embodiments, the plug 42 may be dissolved when the catheter system 10 is introduced into the vasculature of the patient.
• a sleeve 44 which may be constructed of a dissolvable material, may seal the second notch 28 during priming of the catheter 14.
• the sleeve 44 may be dissolved when the catheter system 10 is introduced into the vasculature of the patient.
• the catheter system 10 may include a flash chamber 46, which may facilitate flashback.
• the flash chamber 46 may be in fluid communication with the needle lumen 22.
• the flash chamber 46 may include a gas permeable vent 48.
• the flash chamber 46 may be disposed proximal to the proximal end 49 of the introducer needle 16.
• the gas permeable vent 48 may provide at least some resistance to air flow.
• the flash chamber 46 may be disposed within the needle hub 18, as illustrated, for example, in Figure 3B.
• Figures 3A-3B illustrate a needle assembly with the needle shield 19 removed, according to some embodiments.
• the catheter 14 may be primed prior to insertion of the catheter 14 and the introducer needle 16 into the vasculature of the patient.
• the catheter 14 may be primed when the introducer needle 16 is in the insertion position.
• the user in order to prime the catheter 14, the user may fill the catheter 14 with a priming fluid, such as, for example, saline, to reduce or eliminate any air pockets disposed within the catheter.
• the priming fluid may be disposed in a first portion of a needle lumen proximate the first notch 26 and including the distal tip 20 of the introducer needle 16.
• the priming fluid may be disposed in a second portion of the needle lumen 22 proximate the second notch 28.
• the priming fluid in the first portion may be separated from the priming fluid in the second portion, and air may be disposed between the first portion and the second portion in the needle lumen 22.
• blood pressure will drive the flashback into the introducer needle 16. Additionally, in some embodiments, at least some of the flashback may then be driven out of the introducer needle 16 at the first notch 26 and into the catheter 14. Furthermore, in some embodiments, in response to the distal tip 20 of the introducer needle 16 entering the vasculature, the priming fluid outside the introducer needle 16 and within the catheter 14 between the first notch 26 and the second notch 28 may be driven into the introducer needle 16 through the second notch 28 and may eventually reach the flash chamber 46.
• blood in response to the distal tip 20 of the introducer needle 16 entering the vasculature, blood may flow proximally through the introducer needle 16 as well.
• the pressure-driven blood flow through the first fluid pathway 30, which may initially be filled with the priming fluid, may be faster than diffusion.
• the flash chamber 46 may include a large, non-restrictive volume, which may facilitate the pressure-driven flow of the priming fluid and/or blood towards or into the flash chamber 46.
• a volume of the flash chamber 46 may be large enough to hold the priming fluid disposed outside the introducer needle 16 and within the catheter 14 between the first notch 26 and the second notch 28 and/or the priming fluid that may travel into the flash chamber 46 during priming of the catheter 14.
• the volume of the flash chamber 46 may be large enough to hold blood when the distal tip 20 of the introducer needle 16 is disposed within the vasculature.
• the catheter system 10 may include a blood control septum 50, which may be disposed within the lumen 52 of the catheter adapter 12.
• the septum 50 may divide the lumen 52 of the catheter adapter 12 into a proximal chamber 54 and a distal chamber 56.
• the second notch 28 may be disposed distal to the septum 50 when the introducer needle 16 is in the insertion position.
• the catheter adapter 12 may include a gas permeable vent 57, which may be selectively opened and/or closed.
• the gas permeable vent 57 which may be disposed through a wall of the catheter adapter 12, may be disposed distal to the septum 50 such that air in the distal chamber 56 may freely flow out of the gas permeable vent 57 when the gas permeable vent 57 is opened.
• the gas permeable vent 57 of the catheter adapter 12 may be opened during priming of the catheter 14, which may prevent the priming fluid from being disposed in the first portion of the introducer needle 16 proximate the first notch 26 and/or the second portion 28 of the introducer needle 16 proximate the second notch 28.
• the catheter system 10 may include a seal 58, which may be secured within the lumen 52 of the catheter adapter 12.
• the portion of the wall of the introducer needle 16 between the first notch 26 and the second notch 28 may be pinched or crimped such that fluid is prevented from flowing in the needle lumen 22 between the first notch 26 and the second notch 28.
• the introducer needle 22 may be rotatable from a priming position to the insertion position and/or from the insertion position to the priming position.
• Figure 4A illustrates the introducer needle 22 in the insertion position, according to some embodiments
• Figure 4B illustrates the introducer needle 22 in the priming position, according to some embodiments.
• the introducer needle 16 may be disposed in the priming position during priming of the catheter and may be disposed in the insertion position during insertion into the vasculature.
• the catheter system 10 may not include the seal 58 and/or the priming and insertions positions may be the same.
• the seal 58 when the introducer needle 16 is in the priming position, the seal 58 may cover or seal the second notch, which may prevent fluid from flowing through the second notch 28. In some embodiments, when the introducer needle 16 is in the insertion position, the seal 58 may not cover or seal the second notch 28 and fluid may flow through the second notch 28. In some embodiments, in response to the second notch 28 being uncovered or unsealed, rapid flashback may occur with blood flowing into the needle lumen 22 via the second notch 28. In some embodiments, the seal 58 may include a septum or flapper.
• the introducer needle 16 may be rotatable between the priming position and the insertion position about the central axis 40 of the catheter system 10, which may extend through the needle lumen 22.
• the introducer needle 16 may be rotated by twisting the needle hub 18.
• the introducer needle 16 may be rotated in a first direction and/or a second direction opposite the first direction.
• the second notch 28 may be aligned with the seal when the introducer needle is in the priming position and the insertion position, as illustrated in Figures 4A-4B, for example.
• the introducer needle 16 may extend a same distance from the distal tip of the catheter 14 when the introducer needle 16 is in the priming position as when the introducer needle 16 is in the insertion position.

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