WO2019193217A1 - Shell and spatial structure and method for manufacturing the shell and spatial structure - Google Patents

Shell and spatial structure and method for manufacturing the shell and spatial structure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019193217A1
WO2019193217A1 PCT/ES2018/070299 ES2018070299W WO2019193217A1 WO 2019193217 A1 WO2019193217 A1 WO 2019193217A1 ES 2018070299 W ES2018070299 W ES 2018070299W WO 2019193217 A1 WO2019193217 A1 WO 2019193217A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laminar
pieces
spatial structure
independent
flat
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2018/070299
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Javier TORRES ARENAS
Original Assignee
Torres Arenas Javier
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Torres Arenas Javier filed Critical Torres Arenas Javier
Priority to PCT/ES2018/070299 priority Critical patent/WO2019193217A1/en
Publication of WO2019193217A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019193217A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/06—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
    • E04C3/07—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a laminar space structure, which is obtained by joining a type structure that is obtained from the union of two pieces curved by two joints and also to a novel manufacturing process of a laminar space structure that offers a versatility that no other process known in the prior art offers.
  • the manufacture of metal structures is carried out, for example, for the construction of a pillar, by means of the execution of two U-pieces and the joining of elements that increase their moment of inertia.
  • a drawer formed by two UPN profiles which are laminated by making two folds each UPN
  • two platforms it is necessary to execute four joints (welded, screwed, or with any other known method). In this way a structure with the hollow interior is obtained, but said structure requires four joints and four folds (two for each UPN profile).
  • the type structure object of the invention With the type structure object of the invention, the number of both folds and joints to form the complete structure from a flat sheet is reduced, and the complete structure comprises all parts with the same type of type structure formed by two curved pieces. which are joined by two unions, thus configuring the hollow section of the type structure.
  • the geometry of the type structure object of the invention only comprises two folds and two joints, whereby two folds have been removed from the manufacturing process and two unions.
  • This reduction of folds and joints in the manufacture of a type structure implies a reduction of the energy costs used in the manufacture of that type structure with respect to the processes known in the state of the art. And for the manufacture of complex structures based on the union of different type structures, this savings increases.
  • the object of the invention is a process of manufacturing structures that from a flat sheet and using the type structure, on one or more occasions allows to manufacture complex structures from said flat sheet, with a more economical process than those known in the state of the art
  • the starting sheet material Being a fully structured process in phases the starting sheet material can be transformed in a more complex way, so that the starting material has a greater use than through the manufacturing processes of structures known in the state of the art, said use Makes the manufacturing process of structures object of the invention comply with the ISO 14001 Environmental Management Standard. When there is less movement of the piece being manufactured, the efficiency in the manufacture of structures is increased compared to other processes known in the state of the art, and the material surpluses can be recovered by recycling.
  • the process object of the invention improves as marked by ISO 50.001 by reducing the amount of energy required to manufacture the different structures designed from the flat sheet, by decreasing the number of folds and joints to be made.
  • the process object of the invention is more economical since the price of the sheets from which the process object of the invention is developed is lower than the price of the profiles and the compounds currently used, valued in euros per ton.
  • an infinite number of complex structures can be manufactured, such as advertising poles, industrial buildings, structural elements for the support of transport cables by catenary, porches, banners and butterflies for the signaling of roads, road posts catenary for railways, fluid conduction pipes, wind turbine shafts, supports for electrification of power lines, telecommunications towers, monopostes, porches, banners and advertising butterflies, pedestrian walkways and bridges, ...
  • the invention discloses a laminar spatial structure comprising at least one type structure such that said type structure comprises two curved pieces, comprising a curved surface and two flat surfaces, and two joints between the curved pieces.
  • the curved pieces of the laminar spatial structure type structure come from at least one flat sheet and with the joints a hollow interior section is generated.
  • each curved part comprises at least one lightening configured as a hollow space in the curved part.
  • each curved part comprises at least one reinforcement configured as a folded flange in the lightening of the curved piece.
  • the laminar spatial structure object of the invention comprises at least one connecting piece between the type structures where the joining piece comes from the flat sheets from which the curved pieces come.
  • each type structure comprises two contiguous curved surfaces and two contiguous flat surfaces.
  • each type structure comprises two opposite curved surfaces and two opposite flat surfaces.
  • a process for manufacturing a laminar spatial structure from at least one flat sheet comprising the following phases is the subject of the invention:
  • the manufacturing process of a laminar spatial structure from at least one flat sheet comprises an intermediate phase of preparing the joint between formed independent pieces, prior to the phase of joining the formed independent pieces.
  • the manufacturing process of a laminar spatial structure from at least one flat sheet comprises an intermediate phase of laminating at least one flat sheet from a raw material prior to the phase of cutting the independent pieces.
  • the manufacturing process of a laminar spatial structure from at least one flat sheet comprises a final phase of applying a surface finishing treatment to the laminar spatial structure obtained in the previous phase.
  • the phase of designing the pieces on the at least one flat sheet comprises the design of at least one additional joint piece to the flat independent pieces.
  • phase of cutting the flat independent pieces is executed with a process to choose between thermal cutting, erosion cutting, mechanical cutting and combination of the previous.
  • phase of forming the independent pieces is executed with a process to choose between folding, by heat, pressing and a combination of the above.
  • the manufacturing process of a laminar spatial structure from at least one flat sheet the phase of joining the independent pieces is executed with a process to choose between electric arc welding, laser welding, thermal bonding, fast fusion, slow fusion , screwed union, robbonated union, riveted union, union by composites and combination of the above.
  • Figure 1 shows a plan view of the flat sheet from which the process object of the invention starts.
  • Figure 2 shows a plan view of two independent pieces obtained from the flat sheet, this is already having done the design, rolling and cutting phases of the process object of the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a perspective view of the two independent parts that have already gone through the forming phase of the process object of the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows a perspective view of the two independent pieces formed and positioned for the phase of the process object of the invention to join the two pieces to form the final structure.
  • Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the final structure formed by two independent pieces obtained from a flat sheet.
  • Figure 6 shows a section along the structure plane AB of Figure 5 together with two details of said section.
  • Figure 7 shows a perspective view of a final structure in the form of a truncated double pyramid made with the process object of the invention, formed by four pieces that have been folded and joined together.
  • Figure 8 shows a block diagram with the process of manufacturing structures object of the invention.
  • Figure 9 shows a view of a current catenary post
  • Figure 10 shows a section of the current catenary post of Figure 9 and a detail of said section.
  • Figure 11 shows a catenary post manufactured with the laminar spatial structure object of the invention.
  • Figure 12 shows a section of the catenary post made of the laminar spatial structure object of the invention of Figure 11 and a detail of said section.
  • Figure 13 shows a side view of a shaft of a wind turbine manufactured with the laminar spatial structure object of the invention
  • Figure 14 shows a section of the shaft of Figure 13 with a detail showing that the section corresponds to the section of the type structure.
  • Figure 15 shows a side view of a structure of an industrial building manufactured with the laminar space structure object of the invention
  • Figure 16 shows a section of the industrial building with a detail where it is observed that the section corresponds to the section of the type structure.
  • Figure 17 shows a side view of a light tower made of the laminar spatial structure object of the invention.
  • Figure 18 shows a side view of a carport of a car park manufactured with the laminar spatial structure object of the invention
  • Figure 19 shows a section of the marquee with a detail where it is observed that the section corresponds to the section of the type structure.
  • Figure 20 shows a perspective view of a signaling portico of those known in the state of the art with the part used to hold the signal in explosion with respect to the portico.
  • Figure 21 shows a perspective view of the signaling portico of Figure 20 with the part used to hold the signal located on the portico.
  • Figure 22 shows a plan view of the design of half of a pillar manufactured with the structure object of the invention and with the design, rolling and cutting phases of the manufacturing process object of the invention already carried out.
  • Figure 23 shows a perspective view of a pillar of a signaling portico manufactured with the structure object of the invention and with the manufacturing process object of the invention by means of two pieces like those of Figure 22.
  • Figure 24 shows a perspective view of a signaling portico comprising two pillars and a central part, the three parts being manufactured with the structure object of the invention and with the manufacturing process object of the invention by means of two parts such as those of Figure 22
  • Figure 25 shows the portico of Figure 25 with an explosion of a pillar and the centerpiece, showing the independent pieces that form each element of the signaling portico constructed with the process object of the invention.
  • Figure 26 shows a plan view of a longitudinal section of the central part of the gantry of Figures 24 and 25.
  • Figure 27 shows a side view of a cross section of the centerpiece of the porch of figures 24 and 25.
  • Figure 28 shows a front view of the central part of the portico of Figures 24 and 25, showing the lightening of the central part, said figure includes a section of a part of the central part where the tabs are shown.
  • the object of the invention is twofold, on the one hand there is a laminar spatial structure (8) formed by at least one type structure (10), said type structure ( 10) consists of two pieces curved (9) joined by two joints (11), and on the other hand there is a manufacturing process of a laminar spatial structure (8) from a flat sheet (1). Said manufacturing process offers versatility that other structural manufacturing methods do not offer.
  • the preferred embodiment of the laminar spatial structure (8) object of the invention is a simple pillar, which has been executed from a single flat sheet (1), but this embodiment is not limiting, since with the type structure (10 ) formed by the two curved pieces (9) and the two joints (11) between the curved pieces (9), infinity of laminar spatial structures (8) can be executed, since it is enough that one of the curved pieces (9) a joint piece (22) is fixed to fix another type structure (10) to that joint piece (22) and so on, an infinite number of laminar space structures (8) can be executed.
  • the joints (11) to be made in the laminar spatial structure (8) are reduced from four, which are the necessary unions for the structures known in the state of the art, to two.
  • This reduction in the number of joints (11) implies a reduction in energy costs and therefore in the economic costs of construction of the laminar spatial structure (8), that is to obtain a laminar spatial structure (8) of those known in prior art was necessary to make four folds and four joints (11), while the laminar spatial structure (8) obtained with the process object of the invention only two folds and two joints (11) are made.
  • the curved pieces (9) that are part of the laminar spatial structure (8) comprise a curved surface (21) that joins two flat surfaces (20).
  • said type structure (10) is generated by the union of two independent shaped pieces (3), said type structure (10) comprises four flat surfaces (20) and two curved surfaces (21) together with two joints (11).
  • a design of the flat independent pieces (2) that are going to be required to form the final laminar spatial structure (8) is first carried out, including, if necessary, the connecting pieces (22) between type structures (10) in said flat sheet (1).
  • the preferred embodiment of the invention has been developed for a structure of a lightened pillar that is constructed from two pieces that have been cut, obtaining two flat independent pieces (2), subsequently formed, obtaining two shaped independent parts (3), and finally joined, starting from a flat sheet (1).
  • the laminar spatial structure (8) of a pillar of the preferred embodiment of the invention starts from a flat sheet (1) on which, in the phase of designing the pieces (12) in said flat sheet ( 1), a lightening (4), tabs (5) and a cutting line (6) are designed along said flat sheet (1).
  • the phase of cutting on the flat sheet (1) the independent flat pieces (14), including the lightening (4), is made to cut a cut is made by the cutting line (6), and both are obtained independent flat pieces (2) designed in the previous phase, where each of the two independent flat pieces (2) comprises a part of the lightening (4).
  • phase of forming the flat independent pieces (15) obtained in the previous phase is carried out, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, said phase of forming the flat independent pieces (15) comprises:
  • the 90 ° angle of the folding by a bending axis (7) shown in the preferred embodiment, is not limiting, since it will depend on the laminar spatial structure (8) to be obtained.
  • a pillar is obtained as shown in figures 5 and 6, and only two joints (11) are made instead of the four joints (11) that are currently made. Additionally, the joints (11) are made in areas of the laminar spatial structure (8) where the flexural stresses are minimal, for which, in the phase of designing the pieces on the flat sheet, the way of joining the joints later is studied in detail.
  • independent parts formed (3) to make said flexural stresses at the joints (11) minimal, or otherwise bearable by the designed joint (11), in the rest of tensions produced by shear, axil and torsion would operate the same .
  • the lightening (4) are areas of weight reduction of the laminar spatial structure (8) while the tabs (5) are made to provide an increase in the structural rigidity of the laminar spatial structure (8). Additionally, as the lightening (4) is carried out by cold bending, there is an increase in the resistance of the material subjected to said cold bending.
  • a surface finishing treatment (18) is applied which provides the said laminar spatial structure (8) the final appearance and through said treatment special characteristics are provided to the structure, either for protection against corrosion or for structural needs.
  • the phase of applying a surface finishing treatment (18) is the last phase of the process object of the invention.
  • the phase of cutting the flat independent pieces (14) (2) is executed by a known process of cutting metallic material. Between the different cutting processes you can distinguish three groups: thermal cutting (flame cutting, plasma cutting, laser cutting), erosion cutting (EDM, water cutting and more abrasive water cutting) and mechanical cutting (punching, shearing, sawing and knife cutting).
  • any device known in the state of the art that performs said forming can be used.
  • the phase of joining the independent pieces (17) to obtain the laminar spatial structure (8) can be carried out by any device known in the state of the art, so that the versatility of the structure manufacturing process is enormous since it can be performed with many known elements that are available to any company that is dedicated to the metal manufacturing industry.
  • Different methods used to join the pieces are: electric arc welding, laser welding, thermal bonding, fast and slow fusion, bolted joints, riveted, riveted, composites, ...
  • the phase of designing (12) the pieces in the flat sheet (1) includes designing in said flat sheet (1), in addition to the independent flat pieces (2) whose joint, After undergoing a forming, the laminar spatial structure (8) results, the joining pieces (22) necessary to join the formed independent pieces (3) together.
  • the process of manufacturing structures from flat sheets object of the invention comprises the following phases:

Abstract

The invention relates to a shell and spatial structure (8) that comprises at least one standard structure (10) so that said standard structure (10) comprises two curved parts (9) that comprise a curved surface (21) and two planar surfaces (20), and two connectors (11) between the curved parts (9), wherein the curved parts (9) are obtained from at least one planar sheet (1) and the connectors (11) are used to generate a hollow inner section. Furthermore, in the shell and spatial structure (8), each curved part (9) comprises at least one recess (4) configured as a hollow space in the curved part (9) and at least one reinforcement configured as a tab (5) folded into the recess (4) of the curved part (9). The invention additionally relates to a method for manufacturing the shell and spatial structure (8).

Description

ESTRUCTURA ESPACIAL LAMINAR Y PROCESO DE FABRICACIÓN  LAMINAR SPACE STRUCTURE AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS
DE LA ESTRUCTURA ESPACIAL LAMINAR  OF THE LAMINAR SPACE STRUCTURE
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
Objeto de la invención Object of the invention
La presente invención se refiere a una estructura espacial laminar, que se obtiene mediante la unión de una estructura tipo que se obtiene de la unión de dos piezas curvadas por dos uniones y también a un novedoso proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar que ofrece una versatilidad que ningún otro proceso de los conocidos en el estado de la técnica ofrece.  The present invention relates to a laminar space structure, which is obtained by joining a type structure that is obtained from the union of two pieces curved by two joints and also to a novel manufacturing process of a laminar space structure that offers a versatility that no other process known in the prior art offers.
Problema técnico a resolver y antecedentes de la invención Technical problem to solve and background of the invention
La fabricación de estructuras metálicas tal y como se realiza en el estado de la técnica, se realiza, por ejemplo para la construcción de un pilar, mediante la ejecución de dos piezas en U y la unión de elementos que aumentan su momento de inercia. Por ejemplo para la ejecución de un cajón formado por dos perfiles UPN (que se laminan mediante la realización de dos pliegues cada UPN) y dos platabandas es necesario ejecutar cuatro uniones (soldadas, atornilladas, o con cualquier otro método conocido). De esta manera se obtiene una estructura con el interior hueco, pero dicha estructura requiere de cuatro uniones y cuatro pliegues (dos por cada perfil UPN).  The manufacture of metal structures, as is done in the state of the art, is carried out, for example, for the construction of a pillar, by means of the execution of two U-pieces and the joining of elements that increase their moment of inertia. For example, for the execution of a drawer formed by two UPN profiles (which are laminated by making two folds each UPN) and two platforms it is necessary to execute four joints (welded, screwed, or with any other known method). In this way a structure with the hollow interior is obtained, but said structure requires four joints and four folds (two for each UPN profile).
Con esto dos perfiles UPN unidos se ejecutan estructuras sencillas, habitualmente pilares que se sitúan en posición vertical sobre los que se sitúan otros perfiles configurando estructuras metálicas complejas, pero siempre requiriendo de una cantidad elevada de uniones y de pliegues. With this two UPN profiles joined, simple structures are executed, usually pillars that are placed in a vertical position on which other profiles are located, configuring complex metal structures, but always requiring a high number of joints and folds.
Con la estructura tipo objeto de la invención se reducen el número tanto de pliegues como de uniones para formar la estructura completa a partir de una lámina plana, y la estructura completa comprende todas las partes con el misma tipo de estructura tipo formada por dos piezas curvadas que se unen mediante dos uniones, configurando así la sección hueca de la estructura tipo. With the type structure object of the invention, the number of both folds and joints to form the complete structure from a flat sheet is reduced, and the complete structure comprises all parts with the same type of type structure formed by two curved pieces. which are joined by two unions, thus configuring the hollow section of the type structure.
La geometría de la estructura tipo objeto de la invención únicamente comprende dos pliegues y dos uniones, por lo que se ha eliminado del proceso de fabricación dos pliegues y dos uniones. Esta reducción de pliegues y uniones en la fabricación de una estructura tipo implica una reducción de los costes energéticos empleados en la fabricación de esa estructura tipo respecto los procesos conocidos en el estado de la técnica. Y para la fabricación de estructuras complejas basada en la unión de diferentes estructuras tipo, ese ahorro aumenta. The geometry of the type structure object of the invention only comprises two folds and two joints, whereby two folds have been removed from the manufacturing process and two unions. This reduction of folds and joints in the manufacture of a type structure implies a reduction of the energy costs used in the manufacture of that type structure with respect to the processes known in the state of the art. And for the manufacture of complex structures based on the union of different type structures, this savings increases.
Como el número de uniones y pliegues que se realiza en la estructura tipo objeto de la invención es menor que el número de uniones que se realizan en las estructuras conocidas en el estado de la técnica, el control de calidad también tiene un menor coste al reducir el número de elementos sobre los que hay que realizar dicho control de calidad. Since the number of joints and folds made in the type structure object of the invention is smaller than the number of joints made in the structures known in the state of the art, quality control also has a lower cost when reducing the number of elements on which such quality control must be performed.
Igualmente es objeto de la invención un proceso de fabricación estructuras que a partir de una lámina plana y empleando la estructura tipo, en una o más ocasiones permite fabricar estructuras complejas a partir de dicha lámina plana, con un proceso más económico que los conocidos en el estado de la técnica. Likewise the object of the invention is a process of manufacturing structures that from a flat sheet and using the type structure, on one or more occasions allows to manufacture complex structures from said flat sheet, with a more economical process than those known in the state of the art
Con el proceso de fabricación de estructuras objeto de la invención también se reducen los movimientos de la estructura fuera de su plano de trabajo ya que se mueve en una cama de rodillos, por lo que también se reducen los costes energéticos asociados a la fabricación de estructuras. With the process of manufacturing structures object of the invention, the movements of the structure outside its work plane are also reduced since it moves in a roller bed, so that the energy costs associated with the manufacture of structures are also reduced .
Al ser un proceso totalmente estructurado en fases el material laminar de partida se puede transformar de forma más compleja, por lo que el material de partida tiene un aprovechamiento mayor que mediante los procesos de fabricación de estructuras conocidos en el estado de la técnica, dicho aprovechamiento hace que el proceso de fabricación de estructuras objeto de la invención cumpla la Norma ISO 14001 de gestión ambiental. Al producirse menos movimientos de la pieza que se está fabricando se incrementa el rendimiento en la fabricación de estructuras respecto otros procesos conocidos en el estado de la técnica, y los sobrantes de material se pueden valorizar mediante reciclado. Being a fully structured process in phases the starting sheet material can be transformed in a more complex way, so that the starting material has a greater use than through the manufacturing processes of structures known in the state of the art, said use Makes the manufacturing process of structures object of the invention comply with the ISO 14001 Environmental Management Standard. When there is less movement of the piece being manufactured, the efficiency in the manufacture of structures is increased compared to other processes known in the state of the art, and the material surpluses can be recovered by recycling.
Igualmente el proceso objeto de la invención mejora como lo marca la Norma ISO 50.001 al reducir la cantidad de energía necesaria para la fabricación de las distintas estructuras diseñadas a partir de la lámina plana, al disminuir el número de pliegues y de uniones a realizar. El proceso objeto de la invención es más económico ya que el precio de las láminas a partir de las que se desarrolla el proceso objeto de la invención es más bajo que el precio de la perfilería y los compuestos empleados actualmente, valorados en euros por tonelada. Likewise, the process object of the invention improves as marked by ISO 50.001 by reducing the amount of energy required to manufacture the different structures designed from the flat sheet, by decreasing the number of folds and joints to be made. The process object of the invention is more economical since the price of the sheets from which the process object of the invention is developed is lower than the price of the profiles and the compounds currently used, valued in euros per ton.
Con el proceso objeto de la invención se pueden fabricar una infinidad de estructuras complejas, tales como postes de publicidad, naves industriales, elementos estructurales para la sustentación de cables de trasporte por catenaria, pórticos, banderolas y mariposas para la señalización de carreteras, postes de catenaria para ferrocarril, tubería de conducción de fluidos, fustes para aerogeneradores, apoyos para electrificación de líneas eléctricas, torres de telecomunicaciones, monopostes, pórticos, banderolas y mariposas publicitarias, pasarelas peatonales y puentes, ... With the process object of the invention, an infinite number of complex structures can be manufactured, such as advertising poles, industrial buildings, structural elements for the support of transport cables by catenary, porches, banners and butterflies for the signaling of roads, road posts catenary for railways, fluid conduction pipes, wind turbine shafts, supports for electrification of power lines, telecommunications towers, monopostes, porches, banners and advertising butterflies, pedestrian walkways and bridges, ...
Descripción de la invención Description of the invention
La invención divulga una estructura espacial laminar que comprende al menos una estructura tipo tal que dicha estructura tipo comprende dos piezas curvadas, que comprenden una superficie curva y dos superficies planas, y dos uniones entre las piezas curvadas.  The invention discloses a laminar spatial structure comprising at least one type structure such that said type structure comprises two curved pieces, comprising a curved surface and two flat surfaces, and two joints between the curved pieces.
Las piezas curvadas de la estructura tipo de la estructura espacial laminar proceden de al menos una lámina plana y con la uniones se genera una sección interior hueca. The curved pieces of the laminar spatial structure type structure come from at least one flat sheet and with the joints a hollow interior section is generated.
En la estructura espacial laminar objeto de la invención cada pieza curvada comprende al menos un aligeramiento configurado como un espacio hueco en la pieza curvada. In the laminar spatial structure object of the invention each curved part comprises at least one lightening configured as a hollow space in the curved part.
En la estructura espacial laminar objeto de la invención cada pieza curvada comprende al menos un refuerzo configurado como una pestaña doblada en el aligeramiento de la pieza curvada. In the laminar spatial structure object of the invention each curved part comprises at least one reinforcement configured as a folded flange in the lightening of the curved piece.
La estructura espacial laminar objeto de la invención comprende al menos una pieza de unión entre las estructuras tipo donde la pieza de unión procede de las láminas planas de donde proceden las piezas curvadas. The laminar spatial structure object of the invention comprises at least one connecting piece between the type structures where the joining piece comes from the flat sheets from which the curved pieces come.
En la estructura espacial laminar objeto de la invención cada estructura tipo comprende dos superficies curvas contiguas y dos superficies planas contiguas. En la estructura espacial laminar objeto de la invención cada estructura tipo comprende dos superficies curvas opuestas y dos superficies planas opuestas. In the laminar spatial structure object of the invention each type structure comprises two contiguous curved surfaces and two contiguous flat surfaces. In the laminar spatial structure object of the invention each type structure comprises two opposite curved surfaces and two opposite flat surfaces.
Además de la estructura espacial laminar es objeto de la invención un proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar a partir de al menos una lámina plana que comprende las siguientes fases: In addition to the laminar spatial structure, a process for manufacturing a laminar spatial structure from at least one flat sheet comprising the following phases is the subject of the invention:
diseñar al menos dos piezas independientes en al menos una lámina plana;  design at least two independent pieces on at least one flat sheet;
cortar las piezas independientes diseñadas en la fase anterior, obteniendo dos piezas independientes planas  cut the independent pieces designed in the previous phase, obtaining two flat independent pieces
conformar las piezas independientes planas obtenidas en la fase anterior, obteniendo dos piezas independientes conformadas;  forming the independent flat pieces obtained in the previous phase, obtaining two independent shaped pieces;
unir las piezas independientes conformadas de la fase anterior para formar la estructura espacial laminar.  join the independent shaped pieces of the previous phase to form the laminar spatial structure.
El proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar a partir de al menos una lámina plana comprende una fase intermedia de preparar la unión entre piezas independientes conformadas, previo a la fase de unir las piezas independientes conformadas. The manufacturing process of a laminar spatial structure from at least one flat sheet comprises an intermediate phase of preparing the joint between formed independent pieces, prior to the phase of joining the formed independent pieces.
El proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar a partir de al menos una lámina plana comprende una fase intermedia de laminar al menos una lámina plana a partir de un material bruto previa a la fase de cortar las piezas independientes. The manufacturing process of a laminar spatial structure from at least one flat sheet comprises an intermediate phase of laminating at least one flat sheet from a raw material prior to the phase of cutting the independent pieces.
El proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar a partir de al menos una lámina plana comprende una fase final de aplicar un tratamiento de acabado superficial a la estructura espacial laminar obtenida en la fase anterior. The manufacturing process of a laminar spatial structure from at least one flat sheet comprises a final phase of applying a surface finishing treatment to the laminar spatial structure obtained in the previous phase.
En el proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar a partir de al menos una lámina plana la fase de diseñar las piezas en la al menos una lámina plana comprende el diseño de al menos una pieza de unión adicional a las piezas independientes planas. In the process of manufacturing a laminar spatial structure from at least one flat sheet the phase of designing the pieces on the at least one flat sheet comprises the design of at least one additional joint piece to the flat independent pieces.
En el proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar a partir de al menos una lámina plana la fase de cortar las piezas independientes planas se ejecuta con un proceso a elegir entre corte térmico, corte por erosión, corte mecánico y combinación de los anteriores. In the process of manufacturing a laminar spatial structure from at least one flat sheet the phase of cutting the flat independent pieces is executed with a process to choose between thermal cutting, erosion cutting, mechanical cutting and combination of the previous.
En el proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar a partir de al menos una lámina plana la fase de conformar las piezas independientes se ejecuta con un proceso a elegir entre plegado, mediante calor, prensado y una combinación de los anteriores. In the process of manufacturing a laminar spatial structure from at least one flat sheet the phase of forming the independent pieces is executed with a process to choose between folding, by heat, pressing and a combination of the above.
El el proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar a partir de al menos una lámina plana la fase de unir las piezas independientes se ejecuta con un proceso a elegir entre soldadura por arco eléctrico, soladura por láser, unión térmica, fusión rápida, fusión lenta, unión atornillada, unión roblonada, unión remachada, unión mediante composites y combinación de los anteriores. The manufacturing process of a laminar spatial structure from at least one flat sheet the phase of joining the independent pieces is executed with a process to choose between electric arc welding, laser welding, thermal bonding, fast fusion, slow fusion , screwed union, robbonated union, riveted union, union by composites and combination of the above.
Descripción de las figuras Description of the figures
Para completar la descripción y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, se acompaña a esta memoria descriptiva, como parte integrante de la misma, un conjunto de dibujos en dónde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:  In order to complete the description and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this descriptive report is attached, as an integral part thereof, a set of drawings in which with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the next:
La figura 1 muestra una vista en planta de la lámina plana a partir de la que parte el proceso objeto de la invención. Figure 1 shows a plan view of the flat sheet from which the process object of the invention starts.
La figura 2 muestra una vista en planta de dos piezas independientes obtenidas a partir de la lámina plana, esto es ya habiendo realizado las fases de diseño, laminado y corte del proceso objeto de la invención. Figure 2 shows a plan view of two independent pieces obtained from the flat sheet, this is already having done the design, rolling and cutting phases of the process object of the invention.
La figura 3 muestra una vista en perspectiva de las dos piezas independientes que ya han pasado por la fase de conformado del proceso objeto de la invención. Figure 3 shows a perspective view of the two independent parts that have already gone through the forming phase of the process object of the invention.
La figura 4 muestra una vista en perspectiva de las dos piezas independientes conformadas y posicionadas para la fase del proceso objeto de la invención de unir las dos piezas para formar la estructura final. Figure 4 shows a perspective view of the two independent pieces formed and positioned for the phase of the process object of the invention to join the two pieces to form the final structure.
La figura 5 muestra una vista en perspectiva de la estructura final formada por dos piezas independientes obtenidas a partir de una lámina plana. La figura 6 muestra una sección por el plano A-B de estructura de la figura 5 junto con dos detalles de dicha sección. Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the final structure formed by two independent pieces obtained from a flat sheet. Figure 6 shows a section along the structure plane AB of Figure 5 together with two details of said section.
La figura 7 muestra una vista en perspectiva de una estructura final en forma de pirámide doble truncada realizada con el proceso objeto de la invención, formada por cuatro piezas que se han doblado y unido entre sí. Figure 7 shows a perspective view of a final structure in the form of a truncated double pyramid made with the process object of the invention, formed by four pieces that have been folded and joined together.
La figura 8 muestra un diagrama de bloques con el proceso de fabricación de estructuras objeto de la invención. Figure 8 shows a block diagram with the process of manufacturing structures object of the invention.
La figura 9 muestra una vista de un poste de catenaria actual Figure 9 shows a view of a current catenary post
La figura 10 muestra una sección del poste de catenaria actual de la figura 9 y un detalle de dicha sección. Figure 10 shows a section of the current catenary post of Figure 9 and a detail of said section.
La figura 11 muestra un poste de catenaria fabricado con la estructura espacial laminar objeto de la invención. Figure 11 shows a catenary post manufactured with the laminar spatial structure object of the invention.
La figura 12 muestra una sección del poste de catenaria fabricado con la estructura espacial laminar objeto de la invención de la figura 11 y un detalle de dicha sección. Figure 12 shows a section of the catenary post made of the laminar spatial structure object of the invention of Figure 11 and a detail of said section.
La figura 13 muestra una vista lateral de un fuste de un aerogenerador fabricado con la estructura espacial laminar objeto de la invención, Figure 13 shows a side view of a shaft of a wind turbine manufactured with the laminar spatial structure object of the invention,
La figura 14 muestra una sección del fuste de la figura 13 con un detalle donde se observa que la sección corresponde con la sección de la estructura tipo. Figure 14 shows a section of the shaft of Figure 13 with a detail showing that the section corresponds to the section of the type structure.
La figura 15 muestra una vista lateral de una estructura de una nave industrial fabricada con la estructura espacial laminar objeto de la invención Figure 15 shows a side view of a structure of an industrial building manufactured with the laminar space structure object of the invention
La figura 16 muestra una sección de la nave industrial con un detalle donde se observa que la sección corresponde con la sección de la estructura tipo. Figure 16 shows a section of the industrial building with a detail where it is observed that the section corresponds to the section of the type structure.
La figura 17 muestra una vista lateral de una torre de luz fabricada con la estructura espacial laminar objeto de la invención. La figura 18 muestra una vista lateral de una marquesina de un aparcamiento fabricado con la estructura espacial laminar objeto de la invención Figure 17 shows a side view of a light tower made of the laminar spatial structure object of the invention. Figure 18 shows a side view of a carport of a car park manufactured with the laminar spatial structure object of the invention
La figura 19 muestra una sección de la marquesina con un detalle donde se observa que la sección corresponde con la sección de la estructura tipo. Figure 19 shows a section of the marquee with a detail where it is observed that the section corresponds to the section of the type structure.
La figura 20 muestra una vista en perspectiva de un pórtico de señalización de los conocidos en el estado de la técnica con la pieza empleada para sostener la señal en explosión respecto el pórtico. Figure 20 shows a perspective view of a signaling portico of those known in the state of the art with the part used to hold the signal in explosion with respect to the portico.
La figura 21 muestra una vista en perspectiva del pórtico de señalización de la figura 20 con la pieza empleada para sostener la señal situada sobre el pórtico. Figure 21 shows a perspective view of the signaling portico of Figure 20 with the part used to hold the signal located on the portico.
La figura 22 muestra una vista en planta del diseño de la mitad de un pilar fabricado con la estructura objeto de la invención y con las fases de diseño, laminado y corte del proceso de fabricación objeto de la invención ya realizadas. Figure 22 shows a plan view of the design of half of a pillar manufactured with the structure object of the invention and with the design, rolling and cutting phases of the manufacturing process object of the invention already carried out.
La figura 23 muestra una vista en perspectiva de un pilar de un pórtico de señalización fabricado con la estructura objeto de la invención y con el proceso de fabricación objeto de la invención mediante dos piezas como las de la figura 22. Figure 23 shows a perspective view of a pillar of a signaling portico manufactured with the structure object of the invention and with the manufacturing process object of the invention by means of two pieces like those of Figure 22.
La figura 24 muestra una vista en perspectiva de un pórtico de señalización que comprende dos pilares y una pieza central, estando las tres piezas fabricadas con la estructura objeto de la invención y con el proceso de fabricación objeto de la invención mediante dos piezas como las de la figura 22. Figure 24 shows a perspective view of a signaling portico comprising two pillars and a central part, the three parts being manufactured with the structure object of the invention and with the manufacturing process object of the invention by means of two parts such as those of Figure 22
La figura 25 muestra el pórtico de la figura 25 con una explosión de un pilar y de la pieza central, mostrando las piezas independientes que forman cada elemento del pórtico de señalización construido con el proceso objeto de la invención. Figure 25 shows the portico of Figure 25 with an explosion of a pillar and the centerpiece, showing the independent pieces that form each element of the signaling portico constructed with the process object of the invention.
La figura 26 muestra una vista en planta de una sección longitudinal de la pieza central del pórtico de las figuras 24 y 25. Figure 26 shows a plan view of a longitudinal section of the central part of the gantry of Figures 24 and 25.
La figura 27 muestra una vista lateral de una sección transversal de la pieza central del pórtico de las figuras 24 y 25. Figure 27 shows a side view of a cross section of the centerpiece of the porch of figures 24 and 25.
La figura 28 muestra una vista frontal de la pieza central del pórtico de las figuras 24 y 25, mostrando los aligeramientos de la pieza central, dicha figura incluye una sección de una parte de la pieza central donde se muestran las pestañas. Figure 28 shows a front view of the central part of the portico of Figures 24 and 25, showing the lightening of the central part, said figure includes a section of a part of the central part where the tabs are shown.
Las distintas referencias numéricas que se encuentran reflejadas en las figuras corresponden a los siguientes elementos: The different numerical references that are reflected in the figures correspond to the following elements:
1.- lámina plana,  1.- flat sheet,
2.- pieza independiente plana,  2.- flat independent piece,
3.- pieza independiente conformada,  3.- formed independent piece,
4 aligeramiento,  4 lightening,
5.- pestaña,  5.- tab,
6.- línea de corte,  6.- cutting line,
7.- eje de doblado,  7.- bending axis,
8.- estructura espacial laminar,  8.- laminar spatial structure,
9.- pieza curvada  9.- curved piece
10. -estructura tipo,  10.-type structure,
11. -unión,  11. -union,
12. -diseñar las piezas en la lámina plana,  12. -Design the pieces on the flat sheet,
13. -laminar la lámina plana,  13.-laminate the flat sheet,
14. -cortar las piezas independientes planas,  14.-cut the flat independent pieces,
15. -conformar las piezas independientes planas,  15.-make up the independent flat pieces,
16. -preparar la unión entre piezas independientes conformadas,  16. -prepare the union between independent shaped pieces,
17. -unir las piezas independientes conformadas obteniendo una estructura final, 17.-join the independent pieces formed obtaining a final structure,
18. -aplicar un tratamiento de acabado superficial a la estructura final, 18.-apply a surface finish treatment to the final structure,
19. -pórtico conocido,  19.-known porch,
20. -superficie plana,  20. - flat surface,
21. -superficie curva, y  21. - curved surface, and
22. -pieza de unión.  22.-junction piece.
Realización preferente de la invención Preferred Embodiment of the Invention
Como ya se ha indicado, y tal y como puede apreciarse en las figuras el objeto de la invención es doble, por un lado se tiene una estructura espacial laminar (8) formada por al menos una estructura tipo (10), dicha estructura tipo (10) está formada por dos piezas curvadas (9) unidas mediante dos uniones (11), y por otro lado se tiene un proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar (8) a partir de una lámina plana (1). Dicho proceso de fabricación ofrece una versatilidad que otros métodos de fabricación de estructuras no ofrecen. As already indicated, and as can be seen in the figures, the object of the invention is twofold, on the one hand there is a laminar spatial structure (8) formed by at least one type structure (10), said type structure ( 10) consists of two pieces curved (9) joined by two joints (11), and on the other hand there is a manufacturing process of a laminar spatial structure (8) from a flat sheet (1). Said manufacturing process offers versatility that other structural manufacturing methods do not offer.
La estructura tipo (10) que sirve de base para desarrollar una estructura espacial laminarThe type structure (10) that serves as the basis for developing a laminar spatial structure
(8) comprende dos piezas curvadas (9) y dos uniones (11) entre las dos piezas curvadas(8) comprises two curved pieces (9) and two joints (11) between the two curved pieces
(9), con la particularidad de que las dos piezas curvadas (9) se obtienen a partir de al menos una lámina plana (1). (9), with the particularity that the two curved pieces (9) are obtained from at least one flat sheet (1).
La realización preferente de la estructura espacial laminar (8) objeto de la invención es un pilar simple, que se ha ejecutado a partir de una única lámina plana (1), pero esta realización no es limitativa, ya que con la estructura tipo (10) formada por las dos piezas curvadas (9) y las dos uniones (11) entre piezas las curvadas (9), pueden ejecutarse infinidad de estructuras espaciales laminares (8), ya que basta con que a una de las piezas curvadas (9) se le fije una pieza de unión (22) para fijar a esa pieza de unión (22) otra estructura tipo (10) y así sucesivamente se pueden ejecutar infinidad de estructuras espaciales laminares (8). The preferred embodiment of the laminar spatial structure (8) object of the invention is a simple pillar, which has been executed from a single flat sheet (1), but this embodiment is not limiting, since with the type structure (10 ) formed by the two curved pieces (9) and the two joints (11) between the curved pieces (9), infinity of laminar spatial structures (8) can be executed, since it is enough that one of the curved pieces (9) a joint piece (22) is fixed to fix another type structure (10) to that joint piece (22) and so on, an infinite number of laminar space structures (8) can be executed.
En la estructura espacial laminar (8) se reducen las uniones (11) a realizar en la estructura espacial laminar (8) de cuatro, que son las uniones necesarias para las estructuras conocidas en el estado de la técnica, a dos. Esta reducción en el número de uniones (11) implica una reducción en los costes energéticos y por tanto en los costes económicos de construcción de la estructura espacial laminar (8), es decir para obtener una estructura espacial laminar (8) de las conocidas en el estado de la técnica era necesario realizar cuatros pliegues y cuatro uniones (11), mientras que la estructura espacial laminar (8) obtenida con el proceso objeto de la invención únicamente se realizan dos pliegues y dos uniones (11). In the laminar spatial structure (8) the joints (11) to be made in the laminar spatial structure (8) are reduced from four, which are the necessary unions for the structures known in the state of the art, to two. This reduction in the number of joints (11) implies a reduction in energy costs and therefore in the economic costs of construction of the laminar spatial structure (8), that is to obtain a laminar spatial structure (8) of those known in prior art was necessary to make four folds and four joints (11), while the laminar spatial structure (8) obtained with the process object of the invention only two folds and two joints (11) are made.
Las piezas curvadas (9) que forman parte de la estructura espacial laminar (8) comprenden una superficie curva (21) que une dos superficies planas (20). The curved pieces (9) that are part of the laminar spatial structure (8) comprise a curved surface (21) that joins two flat surfaces (20).
Como la estructura tipo (10) se genera por la unión de dos piezas independientes conformadas (3), la citada estructura tipo (10) comprende cuatro superficies planas (20) y dos superficies curvas (21) junto con dos uniones (11). En el proceso de fabricación objeto de la invención, en primer lugar se realiza un diseño de las piezas independientes planas (2) que se van a requerir para formar la estructura espacial laminar (8) final, incluyendo, en caso de ser necesario, las piezas de unión (22) entre estructuras tipo (10) en la citada lámina plana (1). As the type structure (10) is generated by the union of two independent shaped pieces (3), said type structure (10) comprises four flat surfaces (20) and two curved surfaces (21) together with two joints (11). In the manufacturing process object of the invention, a design of the flat independent pieces (2) that are going to be required to form the final laminar spatial structure (8) is first carried out, including, if necessary, the connecting pieces (22) between type structures (10) in said flat sheet (1).
A continuación se cortan desde la lámina plana (1) una serie de piezas independientes planas (2) que posteriormente, se someten a un procedimiento de conformado en el que a las piezas independientes planas (2) se les proporciona la forma necesaria, obteniendo dos piezas independientes conformadas (3). Next, a series of flat independent pieces (2) are cut from the flat sheet (1), which are subsequently subjected to a forming procedure in which the independent flat pieces (2) are provided with the necessary shape, obtaining two independent shaped pieces (3).
Finalmente las piezas independientes conformadas (3) se unen y se forma la estructura espacial laminar (8). Finally, the independent shaped pieces (3) are joined together and the laminar spatial structure (8) is formed.
La realización preferente de la invención se ha desarrollado para una estructura de un pilar aligerado que se construye a partir de dos piezas que han sido cortadas, obteniendo dos piezas independientes planas (2), posteriormente conformadas, obteniendo dos piezas independientes conformadas (3), y finalmente unidas, partiendo de una lámina plana (1). The preferred embodiment of the invention has been developed for a structure of a lightened pillar that is constructed from two pieces that have been cut, obtaining two flat independent pieces (2), subsequently formed, obtaining two shaped independent parts (3), and finally joined, starting from a flat sheet (1).
Para llegar a formar la estructura espacial laminar (8) de un pilar de la realización preferente de la invención se parte de una lámina plana (1) sobre la que, en la fase de diseñar las piezas (12) en la citada lámina plana (1), se diseñan un aligeramiento (4), unas pestañas (5) y una línea de corte (6) a lo largo de dicha lámina plana (1). In order to form the laminar spatial structure (8) of a pillar of the preferred embodiment of the invention, it starts from a flat sheet (1) on which, in the phase of designing the pieces (12) in said flat sheet ( 1), a lightening (4), tabs (5) and a cutting line (6) are designed along said flat sheet (1).
A continuación se realiza la fase de cortar en la lámina plana (1) las piezas independientes planas (14), incluyendo el aligeramiento (4), para cortar se realiza un corte por la línea de corte (6), y se obtienen las dos piezas independientes planas (2) diseñadas en la fase anterior, donde cada una de las dos piezas independientes planas (2) comprende una parte del aligeramiento (4). Next, the phase of cutting on the flat sheet (1) the independent flat pieces (14), including the lightening (4), is made to cut a cut is made by the cutting line (6), and both are obtained independent flat pieces (2) designed in the previous phase, where each of the two independent flat pieces (2) comprises a part of the lightening (4).
A continuación se realiza la fase de conformar las piezas independientes planas (15) obtenidas en la fase anterior, en la realización preferente de la invención, dicha fase de conformar las piezas independientes planas (15), comprende: Next, the phase of forming the flat independent pieces (15) obtained in the previous phase is carried out, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, said phase of forming the flat independent pieces (15) comprises:
un doblado a 90 grados por un eje de doblado (7) generando una superficie curva (21) y dos superficies planas (20) en cada pieza independiente conformada (3), y un plegado de unas pestañas (5) alrededor del aligeramiento (4) a cada pieza independiente conformada (3). bending at 90 degrees by a bending axis (7) generating a curved surface (21) and two flat surfaces (20) in each independent shaped part (3), and a folding of tabs (5) around the lightening (4) to each independent shaped piece (3).
El ángulo de 90° del doblado por un eje de doblado (7) mostrado en la realización preferente, no es limitativo, ya que dependerá de la estructura espacial laminar (8) a obtener. The 90 ° angle of the folding by a bending axis (7) shown in the preferred embodiment, is not limiting, since it will depend on the laminar spatial structure (8) to be obtained.
Finalmente una vez que se han obtenido las dos piezas independientes conformadas (3) y se realiza la fase de unir las dos piezas independientes (17) conformadas para obtener una estructura espacial laminar (8), en la realización preferente del proceso objeto de la invención se obtiene un pilar como el mostrado en las figuras 5 y 6, y sólo se realizan dos uniones (11) en lugar de las cuatro uniones (11) que se realizan en la actualidad. Adicionalmente las uniones (11) se realizan en zonas de la estructura espacial laminar (8) donde la tensiones por flexión sean mínimas, para lo que en la fase de diseñar las piezas en la lámina plana se estudia al detalle la manera de unir posteriormente las piezas independientes conformadas (3) para hacer que dichas tensiones por flexión en las uniones (11) sean mínimas, o en su defecto soportables por la unión (11) diseñada, en el resto de tensiones producidas por cortante, axil y torsión se operaría igual. Finally, once the two independent pieces formed (3) have been obtained and the phase of joining the two independent pieces (17) formed to obtain a laminar spatial structure (8) is performed, in the preferred embodiment of the process object of the invention a pillar is obtained as shown in figures 5 and 6, and only two joints (11) are made instead of the four joints (11) that are currently made. Additionally, the joints (11) are made in areas of the laminar spatial structure (8) where the flexural stresses are minimal, for which, in the phase of designing the pieces on the flat sheet, the way of joining the joints later is studied in detail. independent parts formed (3) to make said flexural stresses at the joints (11) minimal, or otherwise bearable by the designed joint (11), in the rest of tensions produced by shear, axil and torsion would operate the same .
Los aligeramientos (4) son zonas de reducción de peso de la estructura espacial laminar (8) mientras que las pestañas (5) se realizan para proporcionar un incremento en la rigidez estructural de la estructura espacial laminar (8). Adicionalmente como los aligeramientos (4) se realizan por doblado en frío se produce un aumento en la resistencia del material sometido a dicho doblado en frío. The lightening (4) are areas of weight reduction of the laminar spatial structure (8) while the tabs (5) are made to provide an increase in the structural rigidity of the laminar spatial structure (8). Additionally, as the lightening (4) is carried out by cold bending, there is an increase in the resistance of the material subjected to said cold bending.
Finalmente a la estructura espacial laminar (8) obtenida con al menos una estructura tipo (10) que se obtiene mediante la unión de las dos piezas independientes conformadas (3), se le aplica un tratamiento de acabado superficial (18) que proporciona a la citada estructura espacial laminar (8) el aspecto final y mediante dicho tratamiento se proporcionan características especiales a la estructura, bien sea para protección frente a corrosión o por necesidades estructurales. La fase de aplicar un tratamiento de acabado superficial (18) es la última fase del proceso objeto de la invención. Finally, to the laminar spatial structure (8) obtained with at least one type structure (10) that is obtained by joining the two independent shaped pieces (3), a surface finishing treatment (18) is applied which provides the said laminar spatial structure (8) the final appearance and through said treatment special characteristics are provided to the structure, either for protection against corrosion or for structural needs. The phase of applying a surface finishing treatment (18) is the last phase of the process object of the invention.
La fase de cortar las piezas (14) independientes planas (2) se ejecuta mediante un proceso conocido de corte de material metálico. Entre los diferentes procesos de corte se pueden distinguir tres grupos: corte térmico (oxicorte, corte con plasma, corte con láser), corte por erosión (electroerosión, corte con agua y corte con agua más abrasivo) y corte mecánico (punzonado, cizallado, aserrado y corte con cuchilla). The phase of cutting the flat independent pieces (14) (2) is executed by a known process of cutting metallic material. Between the different cutting processes you can distinguish three groups: thermal cutting (flame cutting, plasma cutting, laser cutting), erosion cutting (EDM, water cutting and more abrasive water cutting) and mechanical cutting (punching, shearing, sawing and knife cutting).
Para obtener las piezas independientes conformadas (3) conformando las piezas independientes plana (2) se puede emplear cualquier dispositivo conocido en el estado de la técnica que realiza dicho conformado. To obtain the independent shaped parts (3) forming the independent flat parts (2) any device known in the state of the art that performs said forming can be used.
La fase de unir las piezas independientes (17) para obtener la estructura espacial laminar (8) se puede realizar mediante cualquier dispositivo conocido en el estado de la técnica, de modo que la versatilidad del proceso de fabricación de estructuras es enorme ya que puede realizarse con multitud de elementos conocidos y que están al alcance de cualquier empresa que se dedica a la industria de fabricación metálica. Diferentes métodos empleados para unir las piezas son: soldadura por arco eléctrico, soladura por láser, unión térmica, fusión rápida y lenta, uniones atornilladas, remachadas, roblonadas, por composites,... The phase of joining the independent pieces (17) to obtain the laminar spatial structure (8) can be carried out by any device known in the state of the art, so that the versatility of the structure manufacturing process is enormous since it can be performed with many known elements that are available to any company that is dedicated to the metal manufacturing industry. Different methods used to join the pieces are: electric arc welding, laser welding, thermal bonding, fast and slow fusion, bolted joints, riveted, riveted, composites, ...
En la primera fase del proceso objeto de la invención, la fase de diseñar (12) las piezas en la lámina plana (1) incluye diseñar en la citada lámina plana (1), además de las piezas independientes planas (2) cuya unión, después de someterse a un conformado, da como resultado la estructura espacial laminar (8), las piezas de unión (22) necesarias para unir entre sí las piezas independientes conformadas (3). In the first phase of the process object of the invention, the phase of designing (12) the pieces in the flat sheet (1) includes designing in said flat sheet (1), in addition to the independent flat pieces (2) whose joint, After undergoing a forming, the laminar spatial structure (8) results, the joining pieces (22) necessary to join the formed independent pieces (3) together.
En las figuras 20 y 21 se puede ver un pórtico de los conocidos en el estado de la técnica (19), los cuales tienen componentes en los que no se optimiza el material empleado en la construcción y que tienen componentes de sección cuadrada en los que son necesarias las cuatros uniones para su construcción. In figures 20 and 21 a porch of those known in the state of the art (19) can be seen, which have components in which the material used in the construction is not optimized and which have square section components in which the four unions are necessary for its construction.
En resumen el proceso de fabricación de estructuras a partir de láminas planas objeto de la invención comprende las siguientes fases: In summary, the process of manufacturing structures from flat sheets object of the invention comprises the following phases:
diseñar las piezas independientes planas (2) en la lámina plana (12);  design the flat independent parts (2) on the flat sheet (12);
laminar una lámina plana a partir del material bruto (13);  laminate a flat sheet from the raw material (13);
cortar las piezas independientes (14);  cut the independent pieces (14);
conformar las piezas independientes (15);  form the independent pieces (15);
preparar la unión entre piezas independientes (16); unir las piezas independientes (17); prepare the joint between independent parts (16); join the independent pieces (17);
aplicar un tratamiento de acabado superficial (18) a la estructura espacial laminar (8) obtenida en la fase anterior. La invención no debe verse limitada a las formas de realización descritas en este documento. Expertos en la materia pueden desarrollar otras realizaciones a la vista de la descripción aquí realizada. En consecuencia, el alcance de la invención se define por las siguientes reivindicaciones.  apply a surface finish treatment (18) to the laminar spatial structure (8) obtained in the previous phase. The invention should not be limited to the embodiments described herein. Experts in the field can develop other embodiments in view of the description made here. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined by the following claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1.- Estructura espacial laminar (8) caracterizada por que comprende al menos una estructura tipo (10) tal que dicha estructura tipo (10) comprende: 1. Laminar spatial structure (8) characterized in that it comprises at least one type structure (10) such that said type structure (10) comprises:
dos piezas curvadas (9), que comprenden una superficie curva (21) y dos superficies planas (20), y  two curved pieces (9), comprising a curved surface (21) and two flat surfaces (20), and
dos uniones (11) entre las piezas curvadas (9),  two joints (11) between the curved pieces (9),
donde las piezas curvadas (9) proceden de al menos una lámina plana (1) y con las uniones (11) se genera una sección interior hueca. where the curved pieces (9) come from at least one flat sheet (1) and with the joints (11) a hollow interior section is generated.
2.- Estructura espacial laminar (8) según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizada por que cada pieza curvada (9) comprende al menos un aligeramiento (4) configurado como un espacio hueco en la pieza curvada (9). 2. Laminar spatial structure (8) according to claim 1, characterized in that each curved part (9) comprises at least one lightening (4) configured as a hollow space in the curved part (9).
3. -Estructura espacial laminar (8) según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada por que cada pieza curvada (9) comprende al menos un refuerzo configurado como una pestaña (5) doblada en el aligeramiento (4) de la pieza curvada (9). 3. Laminar spatial structure (8) according to claim 2, characterized in that each curved piece (9) comprises at least one reinforcement configured as a flange (5) bent in the lightening (4) of the curved piece (9).
4 Estructura espacial laminar (8) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizada por que comprende al menos una pieza de unión (22) entre las estructuras tipo (10) donde la pieza de unión (22) procede de las láminas planas (1) de donde proceden las piezas curvadas (9). 4 Laminar spatial structure (8) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises at least one connecting piece (22) between the type structures (10) where the joining piece (22) comes from the flat sheets (1) of where the curved pieces come from (9).
5.- Estructura espacial laminar (8) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizada por que cada estructura tipo (10) comprende dos superficies curvas (21) contiguas y dos superficies planas (20) contiguas. 5. Laminar spatial structure (8) according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that each type structure (10) comprises two contiguous curved surfaces (21) and two contiguous flat surfaces (20).
6.- Estructura espacial laminar (8) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4 caracterizada por que cada estructura tipo (10) comprende dos superficies curvas (21) opuestas y dos superficies planas (20) opuestas. 6. Laminar spatial structure (8) according to any of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that each type structure (10) comprises two opposite curved surfaces (21) and two opposite flat surfaces (20).
7.- Proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar (8) a partir de al menos una lámina plana (1) caracterizado por que comprende las siguientes fases: 7.- Manufacturing process of a laminar spatial structure (8) from at least one flat sheet (1) characterized in that it comprises the following phases:
diseñar al menos dos piezas independientes en al menos una lámina plana (12); cortar las piezas independientes (14) diseñadas en la fase anterior, obteniendo dos piezas independientes planas (2) design at least two independent pieces on at least one flat sheet (12); cut the independent pieces (14) designed in the previous phase, obtaining two flat independent parts (2)
conformar las piezas independientes planas (15) obtenidas en la fase anterior, obteniendo dos piezas independientes conformadas (3);  forming the independent flat pieces (15) obtained in the previous phase, obtaining two independent shaped pieces (3);
unir las piezas independientes (17) conformadas de la fase anterior para formar la estructura espacial laminar (8).  joining the independent pieces (17) formed from the previous phase to form the laminar spatial structure (8).
8.- Proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar (8) a partir de al menos una lámina plana (1) según la reivindicación 7 caracterizado por que comprende una fase intermedia de preparar la unión (16) entre piezas independientes conformadas (3), previo a la fase de unir las piezas independientes (17) conformadas. 8. Process of manufacturing a laminar spatial structure (8) from at least one flat sheet (1) according to claim 7 characterized in that it comprises an intermediate phase of preparing the joint (16) between formed independent parts (3) , prior to the phase of joining the independent pieces (17) formed.
9.- Proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar (8) a partir de al menos una lámina plana (1) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 7 a 8 caracterizado por que comprende una fase intermedia de laminar al menos una lámina plana (13) a partir de un material bruto previa a la fase de cortar las piezas independientes (14). 9. Process of manufacturing a laminar spatial structure (8) from at least one flat sheet (1) according to any of claims 7 to 8 characterized in that it comprises an intermediate phase of laminating at least one flat sheet (13) from a raw material prior to the phase of cutting the independent pieces (14).
10. -Proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar (8) a partir de al menos una lámina plana (1) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 7 a 9 caracterizado por que comprende una fase final de aplicar un tratamiento de acabado superficial (18) a la estructura espacial laminar (8) obtenida en la fase anterior. 10. Process of manufacturing a laminar spatial structure (8) from at least one flat sheet (1) according to any of claims 7 to 9 characterized in that it comprises a final phase of applying a surface finishing treatment (18) to the laminar spatial structure (8) obtained in the previous phase.
11.- Proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar (8) a partir de al menos una lámina plana (1) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 7 a 10 caracterizado por que la fase de diseñar las piezas (12) en la al menos una lámina plana (1) comprende el diseño de al menos una pieza de unión (22) adicional a las piezas independientes planas (2). 11.- Manufacturing process of a laminar spatial structure (8) from at least one flat sheet (1) according to any of claims 7 to 10 characterized in that the phase of designing the pieces (12) in the at least one flat sheet (1) comprises the design of at least one additional connecting piece (22) to the independent flat pieces (2).
12.- Proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar (8) a partir de al menos una lámina plana (1) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 7 a 11 caracterizado por que la fase de cortar las piezas independientes planas (14) se ejecuta con un proceso a elegir entre corte térmico, corte por erosión, corte mecánico y combinación de los anteriores. 12. Process of manufacturing a laminar spatial structure (8) from at least one flat sheet (1) according to any of claims 7 to 11 characterized in that the phase of cutting the flat independent pieces (14) is executed with A process to choose between thermal cutting, erosion cutting, mechanical cutting and combination of the above.
13.- Proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar (8) a partir de al menos una lámina plana (1) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 7 a 12 caracterizado por que la fase de conformar las piezas independientes (15) se ejecuta con un proceso a elegir entre plegado, mediante calor, prensado y una combinación de los anteriores. 13.- Manufacturing process of a laminar spatial structure (8) from at least one flat sheet (1) according to any of claims 7 to 12 characterized in that the phase of forming the independent pieces (15) is executed with a process to choose between folding, by heat, pressing and a combination of the above.
14.- Proceso de fabricación de una estructura espacial laminar (8) a partir de al menos una lámina plana (1) según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 7 a 13 caracterizado por que la fase de unir las piezas independientes (17) se ejecuta con un proceso a elegir entre soldadura por arco eléctrico, soladura por láser, unión térmica, fusión rápida, fusión lenta, unión atornillada, unión remachada, unión roblonada, unión mediante composites y combinación de los anteriores. 14.- Manufacturing process of a laminar spatial structure (8) from at least one flat sheet (1) according to any of claims 7 to 13 characterized in that the phase of joining the independent pieces (17) is executed with a process to choose between electric arc welding, laser welding, thermal bonding, fast fusion, slow fusion, screw connection, riveted joint, robbed joint, union by composites and combination of the above.
PCT/ES2018/070299 2018-04-05 2018-04-05 Shell and spatial structure and method for manufacturing the shell and spatial structure WO2019193217A1 (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1656810A (en) * 1923-08-11 1928-01-17 Zeppelin Luftschiffbau Hollow girder for light structures
GB864971A (en) * 1958-10-07 1961-04-12 Gabs Ag Hollow girders of angular cross-section
GB2027784A (en) * 1978-08-15 1980-02-27 Norcros Investments Ltd Lintels of Sheet Metal
GB2235712A (en) * 1989-09-05 1991-03-13 Metsec Plc Structural beams
GB2321259A (en) * 1997-01-18 1998-07-22 Ward Building Components Limit Structural members

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1656810A (en) * 1923-08-11 1928-01-17 Zeppelin Luftschiffbau Hollow girder for light structures
GB864971A (en) * 1958-10-07 1961-04-12 Gabs Ag Hollow girders of angular cross-section
GB2027784A (en) * 1978-08-15 1980-02-27 Norcros Investments Ltd Lintels of Sheet Metal
GB2235712A (en) * 1989-09-05 1991-03-13 Metsec Plc Structural beams
GB2321259A (en) * 1997-01-18 1998-07-22 Ward Building Components Limit Structural members

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