WO2019187439A1 - Dispositif de réduction de courant et procédé de réduction de courant - Google Patents

Dispositif de réduction de courant et procédé de réduction de courant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019187439A1
WO2019187439A1 PCT/JP2018/047978 JP2018047978W WO2019187439A1 WO 2019187439 A1 WO2019187439 A1 WO 2019187439A1 JP 2018047978 W JP2018047978 W JP 2018047978W WO 2019187439 A1 WO2019187439 A1 WO 2019187439A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switching element
current reducing
parallel
current
resistor
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PCT/JP2018/047978
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
正登 安東
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株式会社日立製作所
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Filing date
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Publication of WO2019187439A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019187439A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a current reducing device and a current reducing method.
  • the electric power converter and filter reactor which are electric components for driving railway vehicles, are mounted under the vehicle floor.
  • IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
  • MOSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
  • Patent Document 1 JP-A-2004-96877 (Patent Document 1) as background art in this technical field.
  • Patent Document 1 “a pantograph supplied with power from an overhead wire, a contactor connected to the pantograph and blocking the overhead power supplied from the pantograph, and an overhead wire power supplied via the contactor in three phases.
  • An inverter for converting to AC power a first resistor connected in series with the contactor, a second resistor connected in series with the first resistor, and having a higher resistance value than the first resistor;
  • a first switching element connected in parallel to a series circuit composed of the first resistor and the second resistor, and a second switching element connected in parallel to the second resistor,
  • the power supply device for an electric vehicle is described (see abstract).
  • Patent Document 1 when the switching element is turned off in order for the semiconductor current reducing device to reduce a large current, the large current flows through the current reducing resistor, so that an excessive surge voltage is generated and the switching element is destroyed. In order to suppress the surge voltage, it is effective to lower the resistance value of the current reducing resistor. On the other hand, since the current continues to flow through the current reducing resistor of the semiconductor current reducing device from when the current is reduced by the semiconductor current reducing device until the mechanical circuit breaker operates, the power consumption of the current reducing resistor increases. In order to reduce the power consumption, it is effective to increase the resistance value of the current reducing resistor. That is, suppression of the surge voltage during current reduction and reduction in power consumption are in a trade-off relationship with the resistance value of the current reduction resistance.
  • An object of the present invention is to achieve both suppression of a surge voltage of a switching element and reduction of power consumption of a current reducing resistor at the time of current reduction.
  • the present invention is arranged in a path connecting a current breaker connected to a DC overhead line and a filter reactor connected to a power converter, and is turned on from the DC overhead line by an ON operation thereof.
  • the first switching element that supplies power to the filter reactor, and when the first switching element is turned on, is connected in parallel to the first switching element, and when the first switching element is turned off, Forming a bypass path for guiding current from a DC overhead line to the filter reactor, and a plurality of current reducing means for reducing the current in the bypass path, wherein the plurality of current reducing means is a failure of the power converter.
  • an overcurrent generated in the DC overhead line due to a ground fault is reduced stepwise.
  • Example 1 of this invention It is the schematic of the electric vehicle in Example 1 of this invention. It is a circuit diagram of the electric motor drive system in Example 1 of this invention. It is an operation
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric vehicle according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • electric power is supplied to a vehicle 8 from an overhead line (DC overhead line) 1 that is a power source via a current collector 7.
  • the supplied power is subjected to DC-AC power conversion through the current breaker 11, the semiconductor current reducing device 10, the filter reactor 9, and the power conversion device 6, and the electric motor 5 is driven by the converted AC power.
  • the electric motor 5 may be either an induction motor or a permanent magnet synchronous motor.
  • the power flow is opposite to that during powering. That is, the electric motor 5 operates as a generator, and after AC / DC power conversion is performed by the power converter 6, the filter 5, the semiconductor current reducer 10, the current disconnector 11, and the current collector 7 are connected to the overhead line 1. Electricity is regenerated. As an electrical ground, the negative voltage side of the power converter 6 is connected to the rail 2 via the wheel 3. The electric motor 5 is mounted on the carriage 4, and the carriage 4 supports the vehicle 8.
  • the voltage of the overhead wire 1 will be described as a direct current 1500V as an example.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing the overall configuration of the motor drive system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the motor drive system for driving the motor 5 includes a power converter 6, a filter reactor 9, a semiconductor current reducer 10, a current breaker 11, a current sensor 12, and a control circuit 13.
  • the power conversion device 6 includes a capacitor 105 and switching elements Q1 to Q6 as a DC-AC power conversion device. Switching elements Q1 and Q2 are connected in series to form a U phase, switching elements Q3 and Q4 are connected in series to form a V phase, and switching elements Q5 and Q6 are connected in series to form a W phase.
  • the diodes D1 to D6 are connected in parallel to the switching elements Q1 to Q6 so that the flow direction is opposite.
  • the switching elements Q1 to Q6 are IGBTs, it is necessary to connect the diodes D1 to D6.
  • the switching elements Q1 to Q6 are elements having a body diode such as a MOSFET, the diodes D1 to D6 are connected.
  • a MOSFET body diode can be used without connection.
  • a 2-in-1 element in which switching elements or diodes connected in series are mounted in the same package may be used.
  • the capacitor 105 removes noise flowing from the overhead wire 1 and smoothes the DC power.
  • the switching elements Q1 to Q6 of the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase of the power conversion device 6 control, for example, PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) to convert the DC power of the capacitor 105 into AC power and Supply.
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • the semiconductor current reducing device 10 is disposed in a path connecting the current disconnector 11 connected to the overhead wire 1 and cutting off the power from the overhead wire 1 and the filter reactor 9 connected to the power conversion device 6.
  • the semiconductor current reducing device 10 includes switching elements Q7 to Q9, diodes D7 to D9 connected in parallel so that the flow directions of the switching elements Q7 to Q9 are opposite to each other, and current reducing resistors ( Resistors) 101 and 102 and charging resistors (resistors) 104.
  • the switching element Q7 is disposed in a path connecting the current breaker 11 connected to the overhead line 1 and the filter reactor 9 connected to the power conversion device 6, and the power of the overhead line 1 is generated by the ON operation. Then, it is supplied to the power converter 6 through the filter reactor 9.
  • a series circuit including a current reducing resistor 101 and a charging resistor 104 is connected in parallel to the switching element Q7, and a series circuit including a current reducing resistor 102, a switching element Q8 and an antiparallel diode D8 is connected in parallel to the current reducing resistor 101. It is connected.
  • a switching element Q9 and its antiparallel diode D9 are connected in parallel to the charging resistor 104.
  • the control signals from the control circuit 13 are supplied to the bases (gates) of the switching elements Q7 to Q9, and the on / off operation of the switching elements Q7 to Q9 is controlled by the control signal from the control circuit 13.
  • the control circuit 13 outputs a control signal stepwise based on the detection signal of the current sensor 12. For example, the control circuit 13 outputs, to the switching elements Q7 to Q9, control signals (off signals) for turning off all the switching elements Q7 to Q9 when the capacitor 105 is initially charged.
  • a control signal (ON signal) for turning on all Q9 is output to switching elements Q7 to Q9.
  • the control circuit 13 is turned off in response to the detection signal of the current sensor 12.
  • the control signal (off signal) to be turned off is output to the switching element Q7, and then the control signal (off signal) to be turned off is outputted to the switching element Q8.
  • the antiparallel diodes D7 to D9 may be body diodes.
  • a body diode is used, a diode chip is not required, and the switching elements Q7 to Q9 can be downsized.
  • the switching element Q7 is connected to a cooler (not shown), and the heat generated by the switching element Q7 is cooled by the cooler.
  • the switching elements Q1 to Q10 may be voltage controlled switching elements such as MOSFETs and IGBTs, or current controlled switching elements such as thyristors.
  • the diodes D1 to D10 may be PN diodes or SBDs (Schottky Barrier Diodes).
  • the semiconductors of the switching elements Q1 to Q10 and the diodes D1 to D10 may be Si (silicon) or SiC (silicon carbide) or GaN (gallium nitride), which is a semiconductor having a wider band gap than Si.
  • AC power supplied from the power converter 6 to the electric motor 5 is supplied from the capacitor 105.
  • the capacitor 105 In order to drive the power converter 6, the capacitor 105 needs to be initially charged. At the time of initial charge, switching elements Q7 to Q9 are all off.
  • the charging current of the capacitor 105 flows from the overhead wire 1 through the current breaker 11, the current reducing resistor 101, the charging resistor 104, and the filter reactor 9. The capacitor 105 is charged by this current, and the voltage of the capacitor 105 rises to the voltage of the overhead line 1.
  • the overhead wire 1 A large current flows from. Since this large current is supplied from the substation connected to the overhead line 1, when the large current exceeds the allowable current of the substation, the supply of power from the substation is stopped.
  • the slope of the large current increasing with time is the division of the voltage of the overhead wire 1 and the inductance value of the filter reactor 9. That is, as the inductance of the filter reactor 9 is smaller, the slope of increase of the large current with time becomes steeper, and thus it is necessary to cut off the large current at high speed.
  • the operation of the semiconductor current reducing device 10 and the current breaker 11 that cuts off a large current at high speed will be described using the operation waveform of FIG.
  • the on / off state of the switching element Q7 is controlled by the control circuit 13 based on the signal from the current sensor 12. For example, if the detection threshold of a large current for determining a ground fault or a short-circuit failure of the power conversion device 6 is 2000A, the switching element Q7 is in an ON state when the current flowing through the switching element Q7 is less than 2000A. On the other hand, when the current detection value of the current sensor 12 is 2000 A or more, the control circuit 13 outputs a control signal (off signal) to the switching element Q7 so that the switching element Q7 is turned off.
  • the switching elements Q8 and Q9 are turned on, so that a large current (overcurrent) is generated in parallel with the current reducing resistors 101 and 102 as shown by the characteristic 202 in FIG. It flows through the circuit and switching element Q9. At this time, a surge voltage calculated by multiplying the resistance values of the current reducing resistors 101 and 102 and a large current is generated between the collector and the emitter of the switching element Q7 as shown by the characteristic 204 in FIG. .
  • the switching element Q8 is turned off.
  • a control signal for turning off the switching element Q8 is generated based on a delay circuit added to the off signal of the switching element Q7 or a signal from the current sensor 12.
  • the DC voltage of the overhead line 1 is 1500 V
  • the resistance values of the current reducing resistors 101 and 102 are 4 ⁇
  • the characteristics of the related art with respect to the characteristics 201 to 204 are the characteristics 301 to 304.
  • the surge voltage of the switching device Q7 increases, so that the rated voltage of the switching device Q7 is increased.
  • the volume of the cooler increases as the conduction loss increases.
  • the switching element Q7 when the switching element Q7 is turned on, the current reducing resistors 101 and 102 are connected in parallel to the switching element Q7, and when the switching element Q7 is turned off, the current reducing resistors 101 and 102 and the switching element Q8 are connected.
  • Q9 forms a bypass path for guiding the current (overcurrent) from the overhead wire 1 to the power converter 6 through the filter reactor 9, and the resistance value is smaller than the resistance value of the current-reducing resistors 101 and 102 alone (synthesis)
  • the switching element Q8 is turned off to remove the current reducing resistor 102 from the parallel connection with the switching element Q7, and the resistance value is larger than the combined resistance value of the current reducing resistors 101 and 102.
  • the current reducing resistors 101 and 102, the charging resistor 104, and the switching elements Q8 and Q9 are connected in parallel to the switching element Q7 when the switching element Q7 is turned on, and the large current from the overhead line 1 is turned on when the switching element Q7 is turned off.
  • a bypass path is formed to lead current, for example, overcurrent generated in the overhead wire 1 due to a failure or ground fault of the power converter 6 to the power converter 6 via the filter reactor 9, and the current in the bypass path is reduced stepwise.
  • a plurality of current reducing means are configured to flow.
  • the current reducing resistor 101, the charging resistor 104, and the switching element Q9 are configured as a first current reducing means or a main current reducing means that is always connected in parallel to the switching element Q7 when the switching element Q9 is turned on.
  • the current reducing resistor 102 and the switching element Q8 are connected to the switching element Q7 from the state of being connected in parallel to the switching element Q7 by the ON operation of the switching element Q8 when the switching element Q7 is OFF.
  • the resistance value of the resistor for reducing the overcurrent in two stages using the current reducing resistors 101 and 102 can be obtained.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of an electric motor drive system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the operations of the power conversion device 6 and the electric motor 5 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are omitted.
  • a series circuit of a current reducing resistor 103 and a switching element Q10 is connected in parallel to the current reducing resistor 101. Note that an antiparallel diode D10 is connected to the switching element Q10.
  • the switching element Q7 is turned off, and the current of the overhead wire 1 is reduced (first stage reduction) with the combined resistance value of the current reducing resistors 101, 102, 103, and then the time t
  • the switching element Q8 is turned off, and the current of the overhead wire 1 is reduced (second stage current reduction) with the combined resistance value of the current reducing resistors 101 and 103.
  • the switching element Q10 is turned off, and the current of the overhead line 1 is further reduced (third stage reduction) by the current reduction resistor 101.
  • each of the current reducing resistors 101 to 103 is 6 ⁇ .
  • the current reducing resistor 101 and the charging resistor 104 are configured as first current reducing means or main current reducing means that is always connected in parallel to the switching element Q7 by the ON operation of the switching element Q9.
  • the current reducing resistor 102 and the switching element Q8 are connected to the switching element Q7 from the state of being connected in parallel to the switching element Q7 by the ON operation of the switching element Q8 when the switching element Q7 is OFF.
  • the switching element Q7 When the switching element Q7 is turned off, the current reducing resistor 103 and the switching element Q10 are connected in parallel to the switching element Q7 by the switching element Q10 being turned on, and thereafter (the second current reducing means or the auxiliary current reducing means is connected). After being disconnected from the parallel connection with the switching element Q7), the switching element Q10 is configured as a third current reducing means or an auxiliary current reducing means in which the parallel connection with the switching element Q7 is disconnected by the off operation of the switching element Q10.
  • a series circuit of the current reducing resistor 102 and the switching element Q8 and a series circuit of the current reducing resistor 103 and the switching element Q10 are connected in parallel to the current reducing resistor 101 in a plurality of stages.
  • the total power consumption of the current reducing resistors 101 to 103 can be further reduced while further suppressing the surge voltage of the switching element Q7.
  • the resistance value of the current reducing resistor was switched in three stages by using the current reducing resistors 101 to 103 and the switching elements Q8 and Q10.
  • the series circuit of the switching element and the current reducing resistor was reduced in current.
  • the number of stages connected in parallel to the resistor 101 may be two or more.
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of an electric motor drive system in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the operations of the power conversion device 6 and the electric motor 5 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are omitted.
  • the semiconductor current reducing device 10 shown in the third embodiment includes switching elements Q7 to Q9, antiparallel diodes D7 to D9, current reducing resistors 101 and 102, and a charging resistor 104.
  • a series circuit of the current reducing resistor 101 and the switching element Q9 and a series circuit of the current reducing resistor 102 and the switching element Q9 and the charging resistor 104 are connected in parallel to the switching element Q7, respectively.
  • the on / off states of the switching elements Q7 to Q9 due to the ground fault or the failure of the power converter 6 are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the switching element Q7 is turned off to reduce the large current
  • the large current flows through the current reducing resistors 101 and 102 and the charging resistor 104.
  • the overcurrent is reduced by the current reducing resistors 101 and 102.
  • the overcurrent is distributed and supplied to the current reducing resistors 101 and 102 and the charging resistor 104, and more resistors flow at the time of current reduction than in the first embodiment. Power consumption is distributed. For this reason, compared with the first embodiment, at least the number of resistors constituting the charging resistor 104 can be reduced, and the size of the resistor and the size of the entire device can be reduced.
  • the current reducing resistor 101, the charging resistor 104, and the switching element Q9 are configured as first current reducing means or main current reducing means that is always connected in parallel to the switching element Q7 when the switching element Q9 is turned on.
  • the current reducing resistor 102 and the switching element Q8 are connected to the switching element Q7 from the state of being connected in parallel to the switching element Q7 by the ON operation of the switching element Q8 when the switching element Q7 is OFF.
  • the same effects as in the first embodiment can be obtained, and the power consumption of the current reducing resistors 101 and 102 and the charging resistor 104 associated with the current reducing operation can be reduced as compared with the first embodiment. And the size of the resistor can be reduced.
  • the series circuit including the switching element and the current reducing resistor is parallel to the switching element Q7 in two stages.
  • the circuit may have three or more stages.
  • control circuit 13 can be integrated with the semiconductor current reducing device 10. Further, a current reducing device including the current breaker 11 and the semiconductor current reducing device 10 is configured, or a current reducing device including the current disconnector 11, the semiconductor current reducing device 10 and the control circuit 13 is configured. You can also.
  • the control circuit 13 for example, after outputting a control signal (ON signal) for turning on the switching elements Q7, Q8, Q9, the detection output of the current sensor 12 for detecting the overcurrent generated in the overhead wire 1 is output. Based on this, it is possible to configure a control circuit that outputs a control signal (off signal) for turning off the switching element Q7 and then outputs a control signal (off signal) for turning off the switching element Q8.
  • the control circuit 13 outputs a control signal (ON signal) for turning on the switching elements Q7, Q8, Q9, and Q10, and then detects the output of the current sensor 12 that detects an overcurrent generated in the overhead wire 1.
  • the control signal (off signal) for turning off the switching element Q7 is output, and then the control signal (off signal) for turning off the switching element Q8 is output. Thereafter, the switching element Q10 is turned off. It is possible to configure a control circuit that outputs a control signal (off signal).
  • each of the above-described configurations, functions, etc. may be realized by hardware by designing a part or all of them, for example, by an integrated circuit.
  • Each of the above-described configurations, functions, and the like may be realized by software by interpreting and executing a program that realizes each function by the processor.
  • Information such as programs, tables, and files that realize each function is stored in memory, a hard disk, a recording device such as an SSD (Solid State Drive), an IC (Integrated Circuit) card, an SD (Secure Digital) memory card, a DVD ( It can be recorded on a recording medium such as Digital Versatile Disc).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de réduction de courant comprenant : un premier élément de commutation qui est disposé dans un trajet reliant un interrupteur connecté à un câble aérien CC et un réacteur à filtre connecté à un dispositif de conversion de puissance, et qui fournit de l'énergie électrique à partir du câble aérien CC au réacteur à filtre par l'intermédiaire d'une opération MARCHE ; et une pluralité de moyens de réduction de courant qui sont connectés en parallèle au premier élément de commutation pendant l'opération MARCHE du premier élément de commutation, et qui forment une voie de dérivation guidant le courant entre le câble aérien CC et le réacteur à filtre et réduisent le courant dans la voie de dérivation pendant une opération ARRÊT du premier élément de commutation ; la pluralité de moyens de réduction de courant réduisant de manière incrémentielle la surintensité qui se produit dans la ligne aérienne CC en raison d'un dysfonctionnement ou d'un défaut de mise à la terre du dispositif de conversion de puissance.
PCT/JP2018/047978 2018-03-30 2018-12-26 Dispositif de réduction de courant et procédé de réduction de courant WO2019187439A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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JP2018-070405 2018-03-30
JP2018070405A JP2019180224A (ja) 2018-03-30 2018-03-30 減流装置および減流方法

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WO2019187439A1 true WO2019187439A1 (fr) 2019-10-03

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001037004A (ja) * 1999-07-26 2001-02-09 Hitachi Ltd インバータ式電気車制御装置
JP2006067732A (ja) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-09 Toshiba Corp 電気車制御装置
JP2008253084A (ja) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-16 Railway Technical Res Inst ハイブリッド電源システム

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001037004A (ja) * 1999-07-26 2001-02-09 Hitachi Ltd インバータ式電気車制御装置
JP2006067732A (ja) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-09 Toshiba Corp 電気車制御装置
JP2008253084A (ja) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-16 Railway Technical Res Inst ハイブリッド電源システム

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