WO2019186562A1 - Organic rankine cycle systems for generating water and cooling working body and methods of implementing the same - Google Patents

Organic rankine cycle systems for generating water and cooling working body and methods of implementing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019186562A1
WO2019186562A1 PCT/IL2019/050360 IL2019050360W WO2019186562A1 WO 2019186562 A1 WO2019186562 A1 WO 2019186562A1 IL 2019050360 W IL2019050360 W IL 2019050360W WO 2019186562 A1 WO2019186562 A1 WO 2019186562A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
working body
arrangement
pressure
rankine cycle
water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2019/050360
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Alexander KRASNOPOLSKY
Michael Zinigrad
Original Assignee
Ariel Scientific Innovations Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ariel Scientific Innovations Ltd. filed Critical Ariel Scientific Innovations Ltd.
Publication of WO2019186562A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019186562A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/28—Evaporating with vapour compression
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/007—Energy recuperation; Heat pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
    • B01D5/006—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/265—Drying gases or vapours by refrigeration (condensation)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
    • F03G6/067—Binary cycle plants where the fluid from the solar collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a organic Rankine cycle system for and, more particularly to systems for condensing water from ambient air driven by solar energy and a system for cooling a working body on the basis of thermal energy carried by the aforesaid working body.
  • An atmospheric water generator is a device that extracts water from humid ambient air. Water vapor in the air is condensed by cooling the air below its dew point. The atmospheric water generators are useful in the locations where drinking water is difficult or impossible to obtain.
  • Solar atmospheric water generators extract water from humid air by harnessing the energy of the sun instead of using electricity.
  • Warm, moisture-laden air is passed over a chilled surface medium like a plate or coil, to reduce its temperature. Since cool air cannot hold as much water as warmer air, condensation forms.
  • an air conditioner the moisture is channeled to a collection dish, or drain, and the cooled air is circulated back into the room.
  • the moisture is harvested and filtered repeatedly to remove bacteria and particulates. The more humid the air, the easier it is for a water generator to harvest water vapor efficiently.
  • This cooling condensation method of atmospheric water harvesting is popular, but it uses a lot of energy.
  • WO2017/090046 discloses a combined power plant which comprises two independent systems - direct (Rankine) and reverse refrigerating cycles, which configured to produce electrical energy, heating and cooling, from waste or other heat sources.
  • Temperatures of obtainable from a solar collector are substantially lower than temperature of exhaust gases as disclosed in WO2017/090046.
  • An air flow blower driven by a working body of organic Rankine cycle is not sufficient for effective condensation on a member cooled by reverse refrigerating cycle.
  • Cooling of a circulating working body is a very energy-consuming process.
  • the aforesaid system comprises: (a) a solar collector configured for absorbing solar heat; (b) an organic Rankine cycle arrangement configured for converting solar heat absorbed within said solar collector into pressure of a working body; said organic Rankine cycle arrangement comprising a pressure amplifier configured for raising said pressure of said working body generated by organic Rankine cycle arrangement and transferring a raised pressure to said freezing arrangement (c) a freezing arrangement configured for cooling a water condensing member; and (d) an air blower configured for blowing said ambient air in a direction of said water condensing member.
  • Another object of the invention is to disclose the system comprising a heat accumulator is configured for receiving said and storing said solar heat and transferring said solar heat to said organic Rankine cycle arrangement.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the heat accumulator comprising a container with water which accommodates first and second heat exchangers.
  • the first heat exchanger is fluidly connected to said solar collector such that a fluid circulating between said first exchanger and solar collector transfers said solar heat to said water.
  • the second heat exchanger is fluidly connected to said organic Rankine cycle arrangement such that heat from said water accommodated in said container is transferred to said working body of said organic Rankine cycle arrangement.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the fluid selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, propanol and any mixture thereof.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the working body circulating within said organic Rankine cycle arrangement via a refrigerant evaporator, said pressure amplifier, a vapor condenser, a receiver tank and a rebound valve.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the freezing arrangement piped from said receiver tank.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the working body circulating within said freezing arrangement via an expansion valve, an evaporator-exchanger, an ejector, a water condensing member.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the system comprising a water accumulating container configured for accumulating water condensed on said water condensing member.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the heat accumulator comprises a heat exchanger for heating water.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the pressure amplifying mechanism selected from the group consisting of a pressure booster and an ejector pump.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose a state of a motive fed into said pressure amplifying mechanism selected from the group consisting of a gaseous state and a liquid state.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the working body fed into said freezing arrangement in a state selected from the group consisting of a gaseous state and a liquid state.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose the freezing arrangement comprising a turbo-expander.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose a method of condensing water from ambient air.
  • the aforesaid method comprises steps of: (a) providing a system for condensing water from ambient air further comprising: (i) a solar collector configured for absorbing solar heat; (ii) an organic Rankine cycle arrangement configured for converting said solar heat absorbed within said solar collector into pressure of a working body; said organic Rankine cycle arrangement comprising a pressure amplifier configured for raising said pressure of said working body generated by organic Rankine cycle arrangement and transferring a raised pressure to said freezing arrangement (iii) a freezing arrangement configured for cooling a water condensing member; and (iv) an air blower configured for blowing said ambient air in a direction of said water condensing member; said organic Rankine cycle arrangement and freezing arrangement are fed with said working body from a common receiver; (b) absorbing solar heat within said solar collector; (c) converting said solar heat into pressure of a working body; (d) pressurizing said freezing arrangement; (
  • a system for cooling working body comprising: (a) a source of working body; (b) an organic Rankine cycle arrangement configured for converting working body heat absorbed within said solar collector into pressure of a working body; said organic Rankine cycle arrangement comprising a pressure amplifier configured for raising said pressure of said working body generated by organic Rankine cycle arrangement and transferring a raised pressure to said freezing arrangement; (c) a freezing arrangement configured for cooling a water condensing member.
  • a further object of the invention is to disclose a method of cooling working body; said method comprising steps of: (a) providing a system for cooling working body further comprising: (i) a source of working body; (ii) an organic Rankine cycle arrangement configured for converting working body heat absorbed within said solar collector into pressure of a working body; said organic Rankine cycle arrangement comprising a pressure amplifier configured for raising said pressure of said working body generated by organic Rankine cycle arrangement and transferring a raised pressure to said freezing arrangement; (b) a freezing arrangement configured for cooling a water condensing member; said organic Rankine cycle arrangement and freezing arrangement are fed with said working body from a common receiver; (b) feeding said working body to said organic Rankine cycle arrangement; (c) converting said working body heat into pressure of a working body; (d) pressurizing working body within said freezing arrangement; and (e) cooling said working body.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figs 4a and 4b are schematic diagrams of water generating and working body cooling LB systems, respectively;
  • Figs 5 a and 5b are schematic diagrams of water generating and working body cooling GLB systems, respectively;
  • Figs 6a and 6b are schematic diagrams of water generating and working body cooling LLME systems, respectively;
  • Figs 7a and 7b are schematic diagrams of water generating and working body cooling LGME systems, respectively;
  • Figs 8a and 8b are schematic diagrams of water generating and working body cooling GB systems, respectively;
  • Figs 9a and 9b are schematic diagrams of water generating and working body cooling GLME systems, respectively;
  • Figs lOa and lOb are schematic diagrams of water generating and working body cooling GGME systems, respectively.
  • Figs l la and l lb are schematic diagrams of water generating and working body cooling EXP systems, respectively;
  • the water generator includes a solar-powered water heater, an organic Rankine cycle, a freezing cycle and an air blower.
  • Fig. 1 presenting first embodiment lOOa of the present invention.
  • Water heated within solar collector 10 transfers its heat to a working fluid within heat accumulator 20.
  • a liquid refrigerant used as the working fluid is vaporized in an evaporator (not shown) of the heat accumulator 20.
  • pressure amplifier 30 being an integral part of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) 40, serves as a feed pump.
  • the pressure created by pressure amplifier 30 has to be higher than the refrigerant pressure in the evaporator.
  • ORC 40 serves as a compressor for freezing cycle 70.
  • Turbine 50 is driven by a refrigerant flow amplified by pressure amplifier 30. Rotation motion is transferred to air blower 60 directing an air flow of ambient air 80 via freezing cycle 70 and condensed water 90 is generated.
  • the pressurized refrigerant from pressure amplifier 30 is fed into ORC 40, freezing cycle 70 and turbine 50.
  • the system can use for cooling a circulating working body. In this case, cooling the circulating working body when fed to heat accumulator 20 is performed on the basis of thermal energy carried by the circulating working body to be cooled. This technical solution is applicable to all system described below.
  • FIG. 2 presenting second embodiment lOOb of the present invention.
  • a liquid refrigerant from pressure amplifier 30 is fed to freezing cycle 70 directly in contrast to embodiment lOOa where the refrigerant is fed in the gaseous state.
  • ORC 40 provided with membrane pump 110 feeding compressed ambient air into turbo-expander 120 where water vapor of ambient air is condensed.
  • the present invention can be embodied either with liquid or gaseous working body.
  • the working body in the freezing arrangement can be pressurized either a pressure booster or an ejector pump.
  • a motive driving the ejector pump can by in liquid or gaseous state.
  • the present invention can be embodied in two arrangements directed either to water generating depicted in Figs 4a, 5, 6a, 7a, 8a, 9a, lOa and l la or to cooling a circulating working body shown in Figs 4a, 6a, 7a, 8a, 9a, lOa and 1 lb.
  • Fig. 4a presenting a system where the freezing arrangement is fed with a liquid working body.
  • the working body in the gaseous state in the freezing arrangement is pressurized by a pressure booster.
  • a pressure booster for simplicity, we refer to this embodiment as a liquid/booster (LB) system.
  • the LB system comprises heat accumulator 3 having two heat exchangers 2 and 4.
  • Heat exchanger 2 is fluidly connected to solar collector 1. Solar heat is absorbed by a fluid circulating between solar collector 1 and heat exchanger 2 transfers the absorbed heat to water (or other liquid) accommodated in heat accumulator 3. It should be noted that if fluid circulating between solar collector 1 and heat exchanger 2 has heat capacity less than water provides an advantage of quicker heating in the time periods of soft solar radiation.
  • Heat exchanger (vaporizer) 4 is a part of an organic Rankine cycle and is designed for transferring heat accumulated in heat accumulator 4 to the working body.
  • Turbine 13 drives air blower 14 providing an air flow in a direction of coolable condensing member 9. Then the working body goes into recuperative heat exchanger 6, condenser 11 and receiver 12 of the working body in the liquid state.
  • the working body is fed into the freezing arrangement from receiver 12 in the liquid state via pressure amplifier (connection B-B). Further, expansion valve 7, vaporizing heat exchanger 8 and coolable condensing member 9 are disposed in a downstream manner relative to and water accumulating container 10. Vaporizing heat exchanger 8 cools the airflow going from turbine 14 to coolable condensing member 9. Then, being sucked by pressure booster 15, the working body goes back to receiver 12 (connection C-C). The working body exhausted from turbine 13 is also received in container 12. The cooled air after coolable condensing member 9 is used for cooling the working body in condenser 11. Water is condensed on coolable condensing member 9 and accumulated in accumulating container 10.
  • the specific technical feature of the abovementioned LB system is that the liquid working body is fed from receiver 12 by pressure amplifier 5 to expansion valve 7 to the freezing arrangement.
  • Pressure booster 15 pressurizes the cool working body up to a condensation pressure.
  • heat exchanger loop 2 transfers heat of a circulating working body to be cooled (for example, hot water* as shown in the drawings) to vaporizer 4.
  • a circulating working body for example, hot water* as shown in the drawings
  • the working body flowing in heat exchanger 2 is cooled due to heating the working body flowing in heat exchanger 8.
  • part of thermal energy of the working body in heat exchanger loop 2 is used for cooling it.
  • the identical principle is applicable to the embodiments shown also in Figs 6a, 7a, 8a, 9a, lOa and 1 lb.
  • Figs 5a and 5b presenting an alternative embodiment of the system of Fig. 4.
  • the freezing arrangement comprises gaseous booster 17 for gas condensation disposed downstream relative to the vaporizer.
  • gaseous booster 17 for gas condensation disposed downstream relative to the vaporizer.
  • Figs 5a and 5b correspond water generating and working body cooling systems, respectively.
  • the liquid driven gaseous booster 17 consists of pneumatic cylinder l7a serving a gas compressor and hydraulic cylinder l7b actuating the abovemen tioned pneumatic cylinder.
  • Any working liquid such as water or oil can be used as a working body in hydraulic cylinder l7b.
  • Diaphragm pump 15 driven by gaseous refrigerant flowing from heat exchanger 4 feeds the working body (for example, hot water) stored in receiver 16 to hydraulic cylinder l7b of liquid driven gaseous booster 17 in a pressurized manner.
  • the working body drives pneumatic cylinder l7a which sucks the cooled gas from vaporizing heat exchanger 8 and increases the gaseous pressure up to the condensation point.
  • the pressurized gas is fed into via point C condenser 11.
  • the pressurized working body vaporized in heat exchanger 4 is fed to an inlet of turbine 13 and into a primary circuit of pressure amplifier 5.
  • a secondary circuit of pressure amplifier 5 feeds the liquid working body from receiver 12 into recuperative heat exchanger 6, into the freezing arrangement to expansion valve 7 and to ejector pump l5el for biasing the gaseous working body up to condensation pressure.
  • the LLME system is characterized by feeding a liquid working body into the freezing arrangement by pressure amplifier 5 to expansion valve 7.
  • ejector pump l5el which biases cool gaseous working body up to condensation pressure is disposed in a downstream position.
  • the LB system includes a pressure booster while the LLE system an ejector pump.
  • Figs 7a and 7b presenting water generating and working body cooling systems where the freezing arrangement is also fed with a liquid working body.
  • the working body in the gaseous state in the freezing arrangement is biased by an ejector pump with a gaseous motive.
  • LGME liquid/gaseous motive ejector
  • the liquid working body is fed into the freezing arrangement to expansion valve 7 by pressure amplifier 5, while ejector pump l5eg biases the cool working body within the freezing arrangement up to the condensation pressure.
  • Figs 8a and 8b presenting water generating and working body cooling systems where the freezing arrangement is also fed with a gaseous working body.
  • the aforesaid working body in the freezing arrangement is biased a pressure booster.
  • gas/booster (GB) systems we refer to these embodiments as gas/booster (GB) systems.
  • the main technical feature of the GB system is that heated working body is fed from vaporizer 4 into the freezing arrangement via condenser 16.
  • Booster 15 biases cool working body up to the condensation pressure downstream of the freezing arrangement.
  • Fig. 9a and 9b presenting water generating and working body cooling systems where the freezing arrangement is also fed with a gaseous working body.
  • the aforesaid working body in the freezing arrangement is biased an ejector pump with a liquid motive.
  • GFME gas/liquid motive ejector
  • the heated gaseous working body is fed from vaporizer 4 into the freezing arrangement via condenser 16, while ejector pump l5el a liquid motive biases the cool working body within the freezing arrangement up to the condensation pressure.
  • ejector pump l5el a liquid motive biases the cool working body within the freezing arrangement up to the condensation pressure.
  • Figs lOa and lOb presenting water generating and working body cooling systems where the freezing arrangement is also fed with a gaseous working body.
  • the aforesaid working body in the freezing arrangement is biased an ejector pump with a gaseous motive.
  • gas/gaseous motive ejector (GGME) systems gas/gaseous motive ejector
  • the heated gaseous working body is fed from vaporizer 4 into the freezing arrangement via condenser 16, while ejector pump l5eg a gaseous motive biases the cool working body within the freezing arrangement up to the condensation pressure.
  • Figs l la and l lb presenting water generating and working body cooling expander system where the freezing arrangement includes a turbo expander 7 coolable by a flow of the working body biased by vacuum pump 13.
  • EXP expander
  • vacuum pump 13 creates decreased pressure within the freezing arrangement and puts in motion turbo expander 7. Expansion of atmospheric air within expander 7 results in its cooling. Bleeding the cool air via condensing members 17 and 18 provides water condensation thereon. Water condensed on condensing members 17 and 18 is accumulated within container 10.

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Abstract

A system comprises: an organic Rankine cycle arrangement converting thermal heat carried by a liquid fed thereintointo pressure of a working body; said organic Rankine cycle arrangement comprising a pressure amplifier configured for raising said pressure of said working body generated by organic Rankine cycle arrangement and transferring a raised pressure to said freezing arrangement; (b) a freezing arrangement cooling a water condensing member; and (c) an air blower driven blowing the ambient air in a direction of the water condensing member. The organic Rankine cycle arrangement and freezing arrangement are fed with said working body from a common receiver. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the system is configured for condensing water from ambient air driven by solar energy. An alternative embodiment is configured cooling a working body on the basis of thermal energy carried by the aforesaid working body.

Description

ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE SYSTEMS FOR GENERATING WATER AND COOLING WORKING BODY AND METHODS OF IMPLEMENTING THE SAME
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a organic Rankine cycle system for and, more particularly to systems for condensing water from ambient air driven by solar energy and a system for cooling a working body on the basis of thermal energy carried by the aforesaid working body.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
An atmospheric water generator is a device that extracts water from humid ambient air. Water vapor in the air is condensed by cooling the air below its dew point. The atmospheric water generators are useful in the locations where drinking water is difficult or impossible to obtain.
Significant input of energy is required to extract the water from the ambient air. Certain traditional atmospheric water generators are completely passive, relying on
natural temperature differences, and requiring no external energy source.
Solar atmospheric water generators extract water from humid air by harnessing the energy of the sun instead of using electricity. Warm, moisture-laden air is passed over a chilled surface medium like a plate or coil, to reduce its temperature. Since cool air cannot hold as much water as warmer air, condensation forms. In an air conditioner, the moisture is channeled to a collection dish, or drain, and the cooled air is circulated back into the room. In a water generator, the moisture is harvested and filtered repeatedly to remove bacteria and particulates. The more humid the air, the easier it is for a water generator to harvest water vapor efficiently. This cooling condensation method of atmospheric water harvesting is popular, but it uses a lot of energy. WO2017/090046 discloses a combined power plant which comprises two independent systems - direct (Rankine) and reverse refrigerating cycles, which configured to produce electrical energy, heating and cooling, from waste or other heat sources.
Temperatures of obtainable from a solar collector are substantially lower than temperature of exhaust gases as disclosed in WO2017/090046. An air flow blower driven by a working body of organic Rankine cycle is not sufficient for effective condensation on a member cooled by reverse refrigerating cycle. Thus, there is a long-felt and unmet need for providing solar atmospheric water generators of high productivity.
Cooling of a circulating working body is a very energy-consuming process. Thus, there is another long-felt need to provide a cooling device to improve its energetic efficiency and use energy of the circulating hot working body for cooling it.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is hence one object of the invention to disclose a system for condensing water from ambient air. The aforesaid system comprises: (a) a solar collector configured for absorbing solar heat; (b) an organic Rankine cycle arrangement configured for converting solar heat absorbed within said solar collector into pressure of a working body; said organic Rankine cycle arrangement comprising a pressure amplifier configured for raising said pressure of said working body generated by organic Rankine cycle arrangement and transferring a raised pressure to said freezing arrangement (c) a freezing arrangement configured for cooling a water condensing member; and (d) an air blower configured for blowing said ambient air in a direction of said water condensing member.
It is a core purpose of the invention to provide the organic Rankine cycle arrangement and freezing arrangement fed with the working body from a common receiver.
Another object of the invention is to disclose the system comprising a heat accumulator is configured for receiving said and storing said solar heat and transferring said solar heat to said organic Rankine cycle arrangement.
A further object of the invention is to disclose the heat accumulator comprising a container with water which accommodates first and second heat exchangers. The first heat exchanger is fluidly connected to said solar collector such that a fluid circulating between said first exchanger and solar collector transfers said solar heat to said water. The second heat exchanger is fluidly connected to said organic Rankine cycle arrangement such that heat from said water accommodated in said container is transferred to said working body of said organic Rankine cycle arrangement.
A further object of the invention is to disclose the fluid selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, propanol and any mixture thereof.
A further object of the invention is to disclose the working body circulating within said organic Rankine cycle arrangement via a refrigerant evaporator, said pressure amplifier, a vapor condenser, a receiver tank and a rebound valve.
A further object of the invention is to disclose the freezing arrangement piped from said receiver tank.
A further object of the invention is to disclose the working body circulating within said freezing arrangement via an expansion valve, an evaporator-exchanger, an ejector, a water condensing member.
A further object of the invention is to disclose the system comprising a water accumulating container configured for accumulating water condensed on said water condensing member.
A further object of the invention is to disclose the heat accumulator comprises a heat exchanger for heating water.
A further object of the invention is to disclose the pressure amplifying mechanism selected from the group consisting of a pressure booster and an ejector pump.
A further object of the invention is to disclose a state of a motive fed into said pressure amplifying mechanism selected from the group consisting of a gaseous state and a liquid state.
A further object of the invention is to disclose the working body fed into said freezing arrangement in a state selected from the group consisting of a gaseous state and a liquid state. A further object of the invention is to disclose the freezing arrangement comprising a turbo-expander.
A further object of the invention is to disclose a method of condensing water from ambient air. The aforesaid method comprises steps of: (a) providing a system for condensing water from ambient air further comprising: (i) a solar collector configured for absorbing solar heat; (ii) an organic Rankine cycle arrangement configured for converting said solar heat absorbed within said solar collector into pressure of a working body; said organic Rankine cycle arrangement comprising a pressure amplifier configured for raising said pressure of said working body generated by organic Rankine cycle arrangement and transferring a raised pressure to said freezing arrangement (iii) a freezing arrangement configured for cooling a water condensing member; and (iv) an air blower configured for blowing said ambient air in a direction of said water condensing member; said organic Rankine cycle arrangement and freezing arrangement are fed with said working body from a common receiver; (b) absorbing solar heat within said solar collector; (c) converting said solar heat into pressure of a working body; (d) pressurizing said freezing arrangement; (e) cooling said water condensing member; (f) condensing water from said ambient air; (g) accumulating condensed water within said accumulating container.
A system for cooling working body comprising: (a) a source of working body; (b) an organic Rankine cycle arrangement configured for converting working body heat absorbed within said solar collector into pressure of a working body; said organic Rankine cycle arrangement comprising a pressure amplifier configured for raising said pressure of said working body generated by organic Rankine cycle arrangement and transferring a raised pressure to said freezing arrangement; (c) a freezing arrangement configured for cooling a water condensing member.
A further object of the invention is to disclose a method of cooling working body; said method comprising steps of: (a) providing a system for cooling working body further comprising: (i) a source of working body; (ii) an organic Rankine cycle arrangement configured for converting working body heat absorbed within said solar collector into pressure of a working body; said organic Rankine cycle arrangement comprising a pressure amplifier configured for raising said pressure of said working body generated by organic Rankine cycle arrangement and transferring a raised pressure to said freezing arrangement; (b) a freezing arrangement configured for cooling a water condensing member; said organic Rankine cycle arrangement and freezing arrangement are fed with said working body from a common receiver; (b) feeding said working body to said organic Rankine cycle arrangement; (c) converting said working body heat into pressure of a working body; (d) pressurizing working body within said freezing arrangement; and (e) cooling said working body.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In order to understand the invention and to see how it may be implemented in practice, a plurality of embodiments is adapted to now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention;
Figs 4a and 4b are schematic diagrams of water generating and working body cooling LB systems, respectively;
Figs 5 a and 5b are schematic diagrams of water generating and working body cooling GLB systems, respectively;
Figs 6a and 6b are schematic diagrams of water generating and working body cooling LLME systems, respectively;
Figs 7a and 7b are schematic diagrams of water generating and working body cooling LGME systems, respectively;
Figs 8a and 8b are schematic diagrams of water generating and working body cooling GB systems, respectively; Figs 9a and 9b are schematic diagrams of water generating and working body cooling GLME systems, respectively;
Figs lOa and lOb are schematic diagrams of water generating and working body cooling GGME systems, respectively; and
Figs l la and l lb are schematic diagrams of water generating and working body cooling EXP systems, respectively;
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The following description is provided, so as to enable any person skilled in the art to make use of said invention and sets forth the best modes contemplated by the inventor of carrying out this invention. Various modifications, however, are adapted to remain apparent to those skilled in the art, since the generic principles of the present invention have been defined specifically to provide a system for condensing water from ambient air and a method of implementing the same.
The water generator includes a solar-powered water heater, an organic Rankine cycle, a freezing cycle and an air blower.
Reference is now made to Fig. 1 presenting first embodiment lOOa of the present invention. Water heated within solar collector 10 transfers its heat to a working fluid within heat accumulator 20. A liquid refrigerant used as the working fluid is vaporized in an evaporator (not shown) of the heat accumulator 20. It should be emphasized that pressure amplifier 30 being an integral part of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) 40, serves as a feed pump. The pressure created by pressure amplifier 30 has to be higher than the refrigerant pressure in the evaporator. ORC 40 serves as a compressor for freezing cycle 70. Turbine 50 is driven by a refrigerant flow amplified by pressure amplifier 30. Rotation motion is transferred to air blower 60 directing an air flow of ambient air 80 via freezing cycle 70 and condensed water 90 is generated.
Summarizing, the pressurized refrigerant from pressure amplifier 30 is fed into ORC 40, freezing cycle 70 and turbine 50. According to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the system can use for cooling a circulating working body. In this case, cooling the circulating working body when fed to heat accumulator 20 is performed on the basis of thermal energy carried by the circulating working body to be cooled. This technical solution is applicable to all system described below.
Reference is now made to Fig. 2 presenting second embodiment lOOb of the present invention. A liquid refrigerant from pressure amplifier 30 is fed to freezing cycle 70 directly in contrast to embodiment lOOa where the refrigerant is fed in the gaseous state.
Reference is now made to Fig. 3, presenting third embodiment lOOc of the present invention. ORC 40 provided with membrane pump 110 feeding compressed ambient air into turbo-expander 120 where water vapor of ambient air is condensed.
Going to a detailed description, the abovementioned embodiments will be described in detail. The present invention can be embodied either with liquid or gaseous working body. In addition, the working body in the freezing arrangement can be pressurized either a pressure booster or an ejector pump. A motive driving the ejector pump can by in liquid or gaseous state. The present invention can be embodied in two arrangements directed either to water generating depicted in Figs 4a, 5, 6a, 7a, 8a, 9a, lOa and l la or to cooling a circulating working body shown in Figs 4a, 6a, 7a, 8a, 9a, lOa and 1 lb.
Reference is now made to Fig. 4a, presenting a system where the freezing arrangement is fed with a liquid working body. The working body in the gaseous state in the freezing arrangement is pressurized by a pressure booster. For simplicity, we refer to this embodiment as a liquid/booster (LB) system.
The LB system comprises heat accumulator 3 having two heat exchangers 2 and 4. Heat exchanger 2 is fluidly connected to solar collector 1. Solar heat is absorbed by a fluid circulating between solar collector 1 and heat exchanger 2 transfers the absorbed heat to water (or other liquid) accommodated in heat accumulator 3. It should be noted that if fluid circulating between solar collector 1 and heat exchanger 2 has heat capacity less than water provides an advantage of quicker heating in the time periods of soft solar radiation. Heat exchanger (vaporizer) 4 is a part of an organic Rankine cycle and is designed for transferring heat accumulated in heat accumulator 4 to the working body. Being heated in heat exchanger (vaporizer) 4, the working body is vaporized and fed into turbine 13 (connection A-A), pressure amplifier 5 and pressure booster 6 pressurizing the working body in the freezing arrangement. An alternative of replacing pressure amplifier with a 1: 1 diaphragm pump combined with a booster is also in the scope of the present invention. Turbine 13 drives air blower 14 providing an air flow in a direction of coolable condensing member 9. Then the working body goes into recuperative heat exchanger 6, condenser 11 and receiver 12 of the working body in the liquid state.
The working body is fed into the freezing arrangement from receiver 12 in the liquid state via pressure amplifier (connection B-B). Further, expansion valve 7, vaporizing heat exchanger 8 and coolable condensing member 9 are disposed in a downstream manner relative to and water accumulating container 10. Vaporizing heat exchanger 8 cools the airflow going from turbine 14 to coolable condensing member 9. Then, being sucked by pressure booster 15, the working body goes back to receiver 12 (connection C-C). The working body exhausted from turbine 13 is also received in container 12. The cooled air after coolable condensing member 9 is used for cooling the working body in condenser 11. Water is condensed on coolable condensing member 9 and accumulated in accumulating container 10.
The specific technical feature of the abovementioned LB system is that the liquid working body is fed from receiver 12 by pressure amplifier 5 to expansion valve 7 to the freezing arrangement. Pressure booster 15 pressurizes the cool working body up to a condensation pressure.
Referring to Fig. 4b showing an embodiment usable as a chiller, heat exchanger loop 2 transfers heat of a circulating working body to be cooled (for example, hot water* as shown in the drawings) to vaporizer 4. In other words, the working body flowing in heat exchanger 2 is cooled due to heating the working body flowing in heat exchanger 8. . In the present embodiment, part of thermal energy of the working body in heat exchanger loop 2 is used for cooling it. The identical principle is applicable to the embodiments shown also in Figs 6a, 7a, 8a, 9a, lOa and 1 lb. Reference is now made to Figs 5a and 5b presenting an alternative embodiment of the system of Fig. 4. In this embodiment, the freezing arrangement comprises gaseous booster 17 for gas condensation disposed downstream relative to the vaporizer. For simplicity, we refer to this embodiment as a gas/liquid/booster (GLB) system. Figs 5a and 5b correspond water generating and working body cooling systems, respectively.
The liquid driven gaseous booster 17 consists of pneumatic cylinder l7a serving a gas compressor and hydraulic cylinder l7b actuating the abovemen tioned pneumatic cylinder.
Any working liquid such as water or oil can be used as a working body in hydraulic cylinder l7b. Diaphragm pump 15 driven by gaseous refrigerant flowing from heat exchanger 4 feeds the working body (for example, hot water) stored in receiver 16 to hydraulic cylinder l7b of liquid driven gaseous booster 17 in a pressurized manner. The working body drives pneumatic cylinder l7a which sucks the cooled gas from vaporizing heat exchanger 8 and increases the gaseous pressure up to the condensation point. The pressurized gas is fed into via point C condenser 11.
Comparing embodiment GB depicted in Fig. 4 with embodiment GLB, it should be mentioned that, while in the GB system, diaphragm pump 15 conveys a gaseous agent, in the GLB, diaphragm pump 15 transfers a liquid agent. Reference is now to Figs 6a and 6b presenting water generating and working body cooling systems, respectively, where the freezing arrangement is also fed with a liquid working body. The working body in the gaseous state in the freezing arrangement is biased by an ejector pump with a liquid motive. For simplicity, we refer to these embodiments as liquid/liquid motive ejector (LLME) systems.
The pressurized working body vaporized in heat exchanger 4 is fed to an inlet of turbine 13 and into a primary circuit of pressure amplifier 5. A secondary circuit of pressure amplifier 5 feeds the liquid working body from receiver 12 into recuperative heat exchanger 6, into the freezing arrangement to expansion valve 7 and to ejector pump l5el for biasing the gaseous working body up to condensation pressure.
Summarizing, the LLME system is characterized by feeding a liquid working body into the freezing arrangement by pressure amplifier 5 to expansion valve 7. In addition, ejector pump l5el which biases cool gaseous working body up to condensation pressure is disposed in a downstream position.
Comparing the LB and LLME systems, it should be indicated that the LB system includes a pressure booster while the LLE system an ejector pump.
Reference is now to Figs 7a and 7b presenting water generating and working body cooling systems where the freezing arrangement is also fed with a liquid working body. The working body in the gaseous state in the freezing arrangement is biased by an ejector pump with a gaseous motive. For simplicity, we refer to these embodiments as liquid/gaseous motive ejector (LGME) systems.
Specifically, the liquid working body is fed into the freezing arrangement to expansion valve 7 by pressure amplifier 5, while ejector pump l5eg biases the cool working body within the freezing arrangement up to the condensation pressure.
Reference is now made to Figs 8a and 8b presenting water generating and working body cooling systems where the freezing arrangement is also fed with a gaseous working body. The aforesaid working body in the freezing arrangement is biased a pressure booster. For simplicity, we refer to these embodiments as gas/booster (GB) systems.
The main technical feature of the GB system is that heated working body is fed from vaporizer 4 into the freezing arrangement via condenser 16. Booster 15 biases cool working body up to the condensation pressure downstream of the freezing arrangement.
Reference is now made to Fig. 9a and 9b presenting water generating and working body cooling systems where the freezing arrangement is also fed with a gaseous working body. The aforesaid working body in the freezing arrangement is biased an ejector pump with a liquid motive. For simplicity, we refer to these embodiments as gas/liquid motive ejector (GFME) systems.
Specifically, in the GFME system, the heated gaseous working body is fed from vaporizer 4 into the freezing arrangement via condenser 16, while ejector pump l5el a liquid motive biases the cool working body within the freezing arrangement up to the condensation pressure. Reference is now made to Figs lOa and lOb, presenting water generating and working body cooling systems where the freezing arrangement is also fed with a gaseous working body. The aforesaid working body in the freezing arrangement is biased an ejector pump with a gaseous motive. For simplicity, we refer to these embodiments as gas/gaseous motive ejector (GGME) systems.
The heated gaseous working body is fed from vaporizer 4 into the freezing arrangement via condenser 16, while ejector pump l5eg a gaseous motive biases the cool working body within the freezing arrangement up to the condensation pressure.
Reference is now made to Figs l la and l lb presenting water generating and working body cooling expander system where the freezing arrangement includes a turbo expander 7 coolable by a flow of the working body biased by vacuum pump 13. For simplicity, we refer to these embodiments as expander (EXP) systems.
In the EXP system, vacuum pump 13 creates decreased pressure within the freezing arrangement and puts in motion turbo expander 7. Expansion of atmospheric air within expander 7 results in its cooling. Bleeding the cool air via condensing members 17 and 18 provides water condensation thereon. Water condensed on condensing members 17 and 18 is accumulated within container 10.

Claims

Claims:
1. A system for condensing water from ambient air; said system comprising:
a. a solar collector configured for absorbing solar heat;
b. an organic Rankine cycle arrangement configured for converting solar heat absorbed within said solar collector into pressure of a working body; said organic Rankine cycle arrangement comprising a pressure amplifier configured for raising said pressure of said working body generated by organic Rankine cycle arrangement and transferring a raised pressure to said freezing arrangement;
c. a freezing arrangement configured for cooling a water condensing member; and
d. an air blower driven organic Rankine cycle arrangement and configured for blowing said ambient air in a direction of said water condensing member;
wherein said organic Rankine cycle arrangement and freezing arrangement are fed with said working body from a common receiver.
2. The system according to claim 1 comprising a heat accumulator is configured for receiving said and storing said solar heat and transferring said solar heat to said organic Rankine cycle arrangement.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein said heat accumulator comprises a container with water which accommodates first and second heat exchangers; said first heat exchanger is fluidly connected to said solar collector such that a fluid circulating between said first exchanger and solar collector transfers said solar heat to said water; said second heat exchanger is fluidly connected to said organic Rankine cycle arrangement such that heat from said water accommodated in said container is transferred to said working body of said organic Rankine cycle arrangement.
4. The system according to claim 1, wherein said fluid is water, methanol, ethanol, propanol and any mixture thereof.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein said working body circulates within said organic Rankine cycle arrangement via a refrigerant evaporator, said pressure amplifier, a vapor condenser, a receiver tank and a rebound valve.
6. The system according to claim 1 , wherein said freezing arrangement is piped from said receiver tank.
7. The system according to claim 1, wherein said working body circulates within said freezing arrangement via an expansion valve, an evaporator-exchanger, a pressure amplifying mechanism, a water condensing member.
8. The system according to claim 1, wherein said pressure amplifying mechanism is selected from the group consisting of a pressure booster and an ejector pump.
9. The system according to claim 1, wherein a state of a motive fed into said pressure amplifying mechanism is selected from the group consisting of a gaseous state and a liquid state.
10. The system according to claim 1, wherein said working body is fed into said freezing arrangement in a state selected from the group consisting of a gaseous state and a liquid state.
11. The system according to claim 1 comprising a water accumulating container configured for accumulating water condensed on said water condensing member.
12. The system according to claim 1, wherein said freezing arrangement comprises a turbo-expander.
13. The system according to claim 1, wherein said heat accumulator comprises a heat exchanger for heating water.
14. A method of condensing water from ambient air; said method comprising steps of:
a. providing a system for condensing water from ambient air further comprising:
i. a solar collector configured for absorbing solar heat; ii. an organic Rankine cycle arrangement configured for converting said solar heat absorbed within said solar collector into pressure of a working body; said organic Rankine cycle arrangement comprising a pressure amplifier configured for raising said pressure of said working body generated by organic Rankine cycle arrangement and transferring a raised pressure to said freezing arrangement;
iii. a freezing arrangement configured for cooling a water condensing member; and
iv. an air blower driven organic Rankine cycle arrangement and configured for blowing said ambient air in a direction of said water condensing member;
said organic Rankine cycle arrangement and freezing arrangement are fed with said working body from a common receiver;
b. absorbing solar heat within said solar collector;
c. converting said solar heat into pressure of a working body;
d. pressurizing working body within said freezing arrangement;
e. cooling said water condensing member;
f. condensing water from said ambient air;
g. accumulating condensed water within said accumulating container.
15. A system for cooling working body; said system comprising:
a. a source of working body;
b. an organic Rankine cycle arrangement configured for converting working body heat absorbed within said solar collector into pressure of a working body; said organic Rankine cycle arrangement comprising a pressure amplifier configured for raising said pressure of said working body generated by organic Rankine cycle arrangement and transferring a raised pressure to said freezing arrangement;
c. a freezing arrangement configured for cooling a water condensing member; and
wherein said organic Rankine cycle arrangement and freezing arrangement are fed with said working body from a common receiver.
16. The system according to claim 15, wherein said working body circulates within said organic Rankine cycle arrangement via a refrigerant evaporator, said pressure amplifier, a vapor condenser, a receiver tank and a rebound valve.
17. The system according to claim 15, wherein said freezing arrangement is piped from said receiver tank.
18. The system according to claim 15, wherein said working body circulates within said freezing arrangement via an expansion valve, an evaporator-exchanger, a pressure amplifying mechanism, a water condensing member.
19. The system according to claim 15, wherein said pressure amplifying mechanism is selected from the group consisting of a pressure booster and an ejector pump.
20. The system according to claim 15, wherein a state of a motive fed into said pressure amplifying mechanism is selected from the group consisting of a gaseous state and a liquid state.
21. The system according to claim 15, wherein said working body is fed into said freezing arrangement in a state selected from the group consisting of a gaseous state and a liquid state.
22. The system according to claim 15 comprising a water accumulating container configured for accumulating water condensed on said water condensing member.
23. The system according to claim 15, wherein said freezing arrangement comprises a turbo-expander.
24. The system according to claim 15, wherein said heat accumulator comprises a heat exchanger for heating water.
25. A method of cooling working body; said method comprising steps of:
a. providing a system for cooling working body further comprising:
b. a source of working body;
c. an organic Rankine cycle arrangement configured for converting working body heat absorbed within said solar collector into pressure of a working body; said organic Rankine cycle arrangement comprising a pressure amplifier configured for raising said pressure of said working body generated by organic Rankine cycle arrangement and transferring a raised pressure to said freezing arrangement;
d. a freezing arrangement configured for cooling a water condensing member; and wherein said organic Rankine cycle arrangement and freezing arrangement are fed with said working body from a common receiver;
e. feeding said working body to said organic Rankine cycle arrangement; f. converting said working body heat into pressure of a working body;
g. pressurizing working body within said freezing arrangement; and h. cooling said working body.
PCT/IL2019/050360 2018-03-29 2019-03-28 Organic rankine cycle systems for generating water and cooling working body and methods of implementing the same WO2019186562A1 (en)

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JP2014129726A (en) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-10 Hitachi Ltd Gas turbine cogeneration system utilizing air of high moisture content
ES2562719A1 (en) * 2014-09-05 2016-03-07 Universidad De Sevilla Combined cycle of humeric air turbine and integrated rankine organic cycle for electric power generation (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
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