WO2012114367A1 - Gas turbine system utilizing solar heat - Google Patents

Gas turbine system utilizing solar heat Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012114367A1
WO2012114367A1 PCT/JP2011/000931 JP2011000931W WO2012114367A1 WO 2012114367 A1 WO2012114367 A1 WO 2012114367A1 JP 2011000931 W JP2011000931 W JP 2011000931W WO 2012114367 A1 WO2012114367 A1 WO 2012114367A1
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Prior art keywords
compressor
gas turbine
air
solar heat
turbine system
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PCT/JP2011/000931
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
高橋　文夫
重雄 幡宮
小山　一仁
永渕　尚之
尚弘 楠見
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株式会社 日立製作所
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Priority to JP2013500660A priority Critical patent/JPWO2012114367A1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2011/000931 priority patent/WO2012114367A1/en
Publication of WO2012114367A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012114367A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
    • F02C1/05—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar heat utilization gas turbine system that heats compressed air with solar heat.
  • One of the power plants that support industrial power is a gas turbine power plant that uses fossil resources such as natural gas and oil as fuel. Since this gas turbine power plant uses fossil resources as fuel, it is required to suppress as much as possible the emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which is one of the global warming substances.
  • the thermal cycle of the gas turbine power generation system basically follows the Braiton cycle, and the thermal efficiency is determined by the compression ratio of the air.
  • the compressed air can be heated by solar heat, the solar heat can be used effectively due to high thermal efficiency.
  • the air temperature increases due to adiabatic compression.
  • heating of air by solar heat is suppressed. That is, the problem that solar heat cannot be used effectively arises. For this reason, the method of suppressing the temperature rise accompanying air compression is desired.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a gas turbine power generation system in which a compression process is divided into two stages, subjected to intermediate cooling, the temperature of compressed air is lowered, and heating is performed by solar heat.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a gas turbine power generation system in which droplets are sprayed on an intake portion and air is cooled by evaporation in a compressor stage.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 the temperature of compressed air is lowered by an intercooler to promote heating by solar heat. The effect of reducing the power of the compressor is also expected. However, there is a demerit that the thermal efficiency decreases because the energy is released to the external system by the intercooler.
  • Patent Document 1 since air is cooled by evaporation of droplets sprayed on the sucked air, there is no demerit that energy is released to the external system.
  • the purpose is to increase output and improve efficiency, and the cooled air increases the amount of fuel consumed and is heated to a predetermined temperature.
  • the use of solar heat is not considered at all.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a solar heat utilization gas turbine system capable of reducing the release of energy to the outside of the system due to the intermediate cooling of the compressor and effectively utilizing solar heat.
  • the temperature of the compressed air is lowered by intake spray cooling, and the cooled compressed air is heated by solar heat.
  • the air heated by solar heat is heated again by combustion to a predetermined temperature, and work is taken out by the turbine.
  • the solar heat utilization gas turbine system of the present invention includes a compressor that compresses air, a combustor that combusts air and fuel compressed by the compressor, and a combustion gas generated by the combustor. And a spray device for spraying fine droplets on the intake air of the compressor, and an air heater for heating the air compressed by the compressor by solar heat.
  • Example 1 It is a block diagram of a solar heat utilization gas turbine system (Example 1).
  • Example 2 which is a block diagram of a solar heat utilization gas turbine system.
  • Example 3 which is a block diagram of a solar heat utilization gas turbine system.
  • Example 4 which is a block diagram of a solar heat utilization gas turbine system.
  • Droplets are sprayed on the intake air of the compressor of the gas turbine power generation system.
  • the droplets start to evaporate immediately after spraying, and cool the air by the amount corresponding to the latent heat of vaporization. This is a maximum and continues until the vapor partial pressure reaches the saturated vapor pressure.
  • the cooled air then flows into the compressor stage.
  • air is adiabatically compressed to increase not only the pressure but also the temperature. This causes the droplets to evaporate and cool the air, thereby suppressing the temperature increase.
  • the droplets evaporate, the mass flow rate of the mixed gas of air and steam increases, but the volume flow rate decreases, so the power of the compressor is reduced.
  • the temperature of the compressed air flowing out of the compressor decreases.
  • sunlight is collected by a mirror or the like and is usually collected by a heat collecting medium that is a fluid.
  • the heat collection medium is heated from a cold temperature to a high temperature. Sunlight can be obtained only in the daytime, and the amount of solar radiation varies depending on the weather.
  • the heat collection medium that has reached a high temperature is temporarily stored in a high-temperature tank and heats the previous compressed air.
  • the low temperature heat collection medium is stored in a low temperature tank.
  • the heated compressed air is sent to the combustor and heated to a predetermined temperature by combustion. It is then sent to the turbine for work.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic configuration of a solar heat utilizing gas turbine system.
  • the gas turbine system in the present embodiment includes a compressor 1 that compresses air, a combustor 2 that combusts air and fuel compressed by the compressor 1, and solar air that is compressed by the compressor and supplied to the combustor 2. It is comprised by the air heater 3 heated by the, the turbine 4 driven by the combustion gas produced
  • a liquid spray 11 (a spraying device) that sprays fine droplets on the atmosphere 10 that is intake air taken into the compressor 1 and a liquid tank 12 that stores water supplied to the liquid spray 11 are further provided.
  • a collecting mirror 20 that collects sunlight
  • a heat collecting tube 21 that collects solar heat collected by the collecting mirror 20
  • a low-temperature tank 7 that stores a heated medium supplied to the heat collecting tube 21,
  • a high-temperature tank 6 for storing a heated medium heated by the heat tube 21 and heated.
  • the compressor 1, the turbine 4, and the generator 9 are connected by a shaft, and the power generated in the turbine 4 is transmitted to the compressor 1 and the generator 9.
  • a liquid spray 11 is provided on the intake side of the compressor 1, and fine droplets (for example, a particle diameter of 1 to 50 ⁇ m) are sprayed on the intake air of the compressor 1.
  • the droplets sprayed by the liquid spray 11 are vaporized until part of the droplets are introduced into the compressor 1, and unvaporized droplets are introduced into the compressor, and all of the droplets pass through the compressor 1. It evaporates during the flow down (compression process).
  • sunlight is collected by the collecting mirror 20 and collected in the heat collecting tube 21.
  • the heat collecting medium is heated and stored in the high temperature tank 6.
  • a high temperature heat collecting medium is sent from the high temperature tank 6 to the air heater 3 to heat the compressed air.
  • the droplets sprayed into the intake air of the compressor 1 start to evaporate immediately after spraying, and cool the air by an amount corresponding to the latent heat of evaporation. This is a maximum and continues until the vapor partial pressure reaches the saturated vapor pressure.
  • the cooled air flows into the paragraph of the compressor 1.
  • the air is adiabatically compressed and the temperature rises as well as the pressure. As a result, the droplets evaporate to cool the air. For this reason, a temperature rise is suppressed.
  • the droplets evaporate, the mass flow rate of the mixed gas of air and steam increases, but the volume flow rate decreases, so the power of the compressor 1 is reduced. At the same time, the temperature of the compressed air flowing out from the compressor 1 decreases.
  • the heated compressed air is sent to the combustor 2 and heated to a predetermined temperature by combustion. Next, it is sent to the turbine 4 to obtain work.
  • the liquid spray 11 sprays and cools the intake air of the compressor, and further evaporates the liquid droplets while flowing through the compressor, so that the intermediate cooler releases energy to the outside of the system (non-patent document).
  • the thermal efficiency is reduced as in 1), and solar heat can be used effectively.
  • the gas is reheated to a predetermined temperature by combustion, the gas turbine system can be operated at a planned design point. Thereby, a stable output can be obtained regardless of the amount of solar radiation accompanying the weather.
  • Solar heat is used as an auxiliary, but in general, the thermal efficiency of gas turbine systems is higher at larger scales due to the merit of scale. For this reason, applying the present invention to a large-scale gas turbine system can be expected to greatly improve the utilization efficiency of solar heat.
  • FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram applied to a combined power plant that recovers exhaust heat of the turbine 4 and operates a steam turbine.
  • the components added by the present embodiment are a steam turbine 5, an exhaust heat recovery boiler 15, and a condenser 16.
  • the exhaust from the turbine 4 is still hot, and steam is generated by the exhaust heat in the exhaust heat recovery boiler 15.
  • the steam is sent to the steam turbine 5 to obtain an output, and is finally condensed in the condenser 16.
  • the solar heat input to the combined power plant is sent to the steam turbine 5 via the turbine 4, so that high thermal efficiency is obtained.
  • the well-known use of solar heat is generally to supply steam to a steam turbine alone or to a combined plant steam turbine. It is possible to increase it further.
  • FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram applied to a combined power plant using an intercooled gas turbine.
  • the compressor 1 is separated into a low-pressure compressor 1a and a high-pressure compressor 1b, and an air cooler 17 is newly provided between them.
  • the liquid spray 11 is provided with an intake 11a for the low-pressure compressor 1a and an intake 11b for the high-pressure compressor 1b.
  • the intake spray flow rate can be set independently for the liquid spray 11a and the liquid spray 11b.
  • the flow rate of the cooling medium for intermediate cooling can also be set according to the purpose.
  • cooling can be performed even inside the paragraphs of the low-pressure compressor 1a and the high-pressure compressor 1b, and the power of the low-pressure compressor 1a and the high-pressure compressor 1b is more effectively reduced. it can. Cooling inside the paragraph of the high-pressure compressor 1b further reduces the temperature of the compressed air.
  • the cooling medium of the air cooler 17 may be eliminated and only the intake spray from the liquid spray 11a may be used.
  • the intake spray flow rate can be changed between the liquid spray 11a and the liquid spray 11b in accordance with the operating conditions.
  • the atmospheric temperature may be below the freezing point and liquid spraying may not be possible, but this is not the case for the high-pressure compressor 1b. This is because the air temperature rises due to adiabatic compression in the low-pressure compressor 1a.
  • FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram in which other waste heat is used together.
  • a waste heat recovery unit 30 is provided, and the high temperature tank 6 is divided into a first high temperature tank 6a and a second high temperature tank 6b. It is a point provided.
  • the heat collection medium supplied from the low temperature tank 7 is heated by the waste heat recovery unit 30, and then supplied to the air heater 3 via the first high temperature tank 6a.
  • a system for further heating by solar heat in the heat collecting tube 21 after passing through the heat recovery unit 30 is configured.
  • the waste heat recovered by the waste heat recovery unit 30 is assumed to be waste heat from a factory or a waste incinerator. These can be obtained more stably than solar heat for a long time during the day. For this reason, the waste heat from the waste heat recovery unit 30 is used as a base, and during a period in which solar heat can be used, a higher temperature heat collection medium can be obtained and fuel consumption can be reduced.
  • It can be used as a gas turbine system that applies solar heat to a gas turbine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a gas turbine system which utilizes solar heat, the gas turbine system being configured so that the release of energy to the outside of the system caused by the intermediate cooling of a compressor is reduced to effectively utilize solar heat. A gas turbine system utilizing solar heat, characterized in comprising: a compressor (1) for compressing air; a combustor (2) for combusting fuel and the air compressed by the compressor; a turbine (4) driven by the combustion gas generated by the combustor; a liquid spray (11) for spraying minute liquid droplets into air sucked by the compressor; and an air heater (3) for heating, by means of solar heat, the air compressed by the compressor.

Description

太陽熱利用ガスタービンシステムSolar-powered gas turbine system
　本発明は、圧縮空気を太陽熱で加熱する太陽熱利用ガスタービンシステムに関する。 The present invention relates to a solar heat utilization gas turbine system that heats compressed air with solar heat.
　産業用電力を支える発電プラントのひとつに天然ガスや石油などの化石資源を燃料とするガスタービン発電プラントがある。このガスタービン発電プラントは化石資源を燃料とするため、地球温暖化物質のひとつである二酸化炭素（ＣＯ2）の排出量をできる限り抑制することが求められている。ガスタービン発電システムの熱サイクルは基本的にBraitonサイクルに従い、熱効率は空気の圧縮比によって決まる。 One of the power plants that support industrial power is a gas turbine power plant that uses fossil resources such as natural gas and oil as fuel. Since this gas turbine power plant uses fossil resources as fuel, it is required to suppress as much as possible the emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which is one of the global warming substances. The thermal cycle of the gas turbine power generation system basically follows the Braiton cycle, and the thermal efficiency is determined by the compression ratio of the air.
　もし圧縮空気を太陽熱で加熱できるなら、高い熱効率により太陽熱の有効利用を期待できる。一方、圧縮過程では断熱圧縮により空気温度が増加する。空気温度が高いと、太陽熱による空気の加熱が抑制される。すなわち、太陽熱を有効に利用できない問題が生じる。このため、空気圧縮に伴う温度上昇を抑制する方法が望まれる。 If the compressed air can be heated by solar heat, the solar heat can be used effectively due to high thermal efficiency. On the other hand, in the compression process, the air temperature increases due to adiabatic compression. When the air temperature is high, heating of air by solar heat is suppressed. That is, the problem that solar heat cannot be used effectively arises. For this reason, the method of suppressing the temperature rise accompanying air compression is desired.
　非特許文献１には、圧縮過程を二段階に分け中間冷却し圧縮空気の温度を低下させ、太陽熱で加熱するガスタービン発電システムが開示されている。特許文献１には吸気部に液滴を噴霧し圧縮機段落内での蒸発により空気を冷却するガスタービン発電システムが開示されている。 Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a gas turbine power generation system in which a compression process is divided into two stages, subjected to intermediate cooling, the temperature of compressed air is lowered, and heating is performed by solar heat. Patent Document 1 discloses a gas turbine power generation system in which droplets are sprayed on an intake portion and air is cooled by evaporation in a compressor stage.
特開平９－２３６０２４号公報JP-A-9-236024
　非特許文献１では、中間冷却器により圧縮空気の温度を下げ、太陽熱による加熱を促進している。圧縮機の動力を減らす効果も期待される。だが、中間冷却器によりエネルギーが外系に放出されるため、熱効率が低下するデメリットがある。 In Non-Patent Document 1, the temperature of compressed air is lowered by an intercooler to promote heating by solar heat. The effect of reducing the power of the compressor is also expected. However, there is a demerit that the thermal efficiency decreases because the energy is released to the external system by the intercooler.
　特許文献１は、吸気される空気に噴霧した液滴の蒸発により空気を冷却するため、エネルギーが外系に放出されるデメリットは生じない。出力増大と効率向上が目的とされ、冷却された空気は消費される燃料を増やし、所定の温度に加熱される。しかし、太陽熱の利用は何ら考慮されていない。 In Patent Document 1, since air is cooled by evaporation of droplets sprayed on the sucked air, there is no demerit that energy is released to the external system. The purpose is to increase output and improve efficiency, and the cooled air increases the amount of fuel consumed and is heated to a predetermined temperature. However, the use of solar heat is not considered at all.
　本発明の目的は、圧縮機の中間冷却によるエネルギーの系外への放出を低減し、太陽熱を有効に利用できる太陽熱利用ガスタービンシステムを提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide a solar heat utilization gas turbine system capable of reducing the release of energy to the outside of the system due to the intermediate cooling of the compressor and effectively utilizing solar heat.
　上記目的を達成するために、吸気噴霧冷却により圧縮空気の温度を下げ、冷却された圧縮空気を太陽熱で加熱する。太陽熱で加熱された空気は所定の温度まで燃焼により再度加熱され、タービンで仕事が取り出される。 In order to achieve the above object, the temperature of the compressed air is lowered by intake spray cooling, and the cooled compressed air is heated by solar heat. The air heated by solar heat is heated again by combustion to a predetermined temperature, and work is taken out by the turbine.
　具体的には、本発明の太陽熱利用ガスタービンシステムは、空気を圧縮する圧縮機と、該前記圧縮機で圧縮された空気と燃料とを燃焼させる燃焼器と、該燃焼器で生成した燃焼ガスにより駆動されるタービンと、前記圧縮機の吸気に微細液滴を噴霧する噴霧装置と、前記圧縮機で圧縮された空気を太陽熱により加熱する空気加熱器とを備えたことを特徴とする。 Specifically, the solar heat utilization gas turbine system of the present invention includes a compressor that compresses air, a combustor that combusts air and fuel compressed by the compressor, and a combustion gas generated by the combustor. And a spray device for spraying fine droplets on the intake air of the compressor, and an air heater for heating the air compressed by the compressor by solar heat.
　本発明によれば、圧縮機の中間冷却によるエネルギーの系外への放出を低減し、太陽熱を有効に利用できる太陽熱利用ガスタービンシステムを提供することが可能となる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a solar heat utilization gas turbine system that can reduce the release of energy to the outside of the system due to the intermediate cooling of the compressor and can effectively use solar heat.
太陽熱利用ガスタービンシステムの構成図である（実施例１）。It is a block diagram of a solar heat utilization gas turbine system (Example 1). 太陽熱利用ガスタービンシステムの構成図である（実施例２）。(Example 2) which is a block diagram of a solar heat utilization gas turbine system. 太陽熱利用ガスタービンシステムの構成図である（実施例３）。(Example 3) which is a block diagram of a solar heat utilization gas turbine system. 太陽熱利用ガスタービンシステムの構成図である（実施例４）。(Example 4) which is a block diagram of a solar heat utilization gas turbine system.
　先ず、各実施例に共通する本発明の基本原理について説明する。ガスタービン発電システムの圧縮機の吸気に液滴を噴霧する。液滴は噴霧直後から蒸発を開始し、蒸発潜熱に相当する分、空気を冷却する。これは最大で、蒸気分圧が飽和蒸気圧力になるまで続く。次に、冷却された空気は圧縮機段落へ流入する。圧縮機では空気が断熱圧縮され圧力だけでなく温度が上昇するが、これにより液滴が蒸発し空気を冷却するため、温度上昇が抑制される。液滴の蒸発に伴い空気と蒸気の混合ガスの質量流量が増加するが、体積流量が減少するため、圧縮機の動力が低減される。同時に、圧縮機から流出する圧縮空気の温度が低下する。 First, the basic principle of the present invention common to each embodiment will be described. Droplets are sprayed on the intake air of the compressor of the gas turbine power generation system. The droplets start to evaporate immediately after spraying, and cool the air by the amount corresponding to the latent heat of vaporization. This is a maximum and continues until the vapor partial pressure reaches the saturated vapor pressure. The cooled air then flows into the compressor stage. In the compressor, air is adiabatically compressed to increase not only the pressure but also the temperature. This causes the droplets to evaporate and cool the air, thereby suppressing the temperature increase. As the droplets evaporate, the mass flow rate of the mixed gas of air and steam increases, but the volume flow rate decreases, so the power of the compressor is reduced. At the same time, the temperature of the compressed air flowing out of the compressor decreases.
　一方、太陽光はミラーなどにより集光され、通常、流体である集熱媒体に集熱される。集熱媒体は冷温から高温に加熱される。太陽光が得られるのは昼間に限られ、また、日射量は天候により変動する。この変動の影響を緩和するため、高温となった集熱媒体は一旦、高温タンクに蓄えられ、先の圧縮空気を加熱する。低温となった集熱媒体は低温タンクに蓄えられる。 On the other hand, sunlight is collected by a mirror or the like and is usually collected by a heat collecting medium that is a fluid. The heat collection medium is heated from a cold temperature to a high temperature. Sunlight can be obtained only in the daytime, and the amount of solar radiation varies depending on the weather. In order to mitigate the influence of this fluctuation, the heat collection medium that has reached a high temperature is temporarily stored in a high-temperature tank and heats the previous compressed air. The low temperature heat collection medium is stored in a low temperature tank.
　加熱された圧縮空気は燃焼器に送られ、燃焼により所定の温度まで加熱される。次にタービンに送られ仕事を得る。 The heated compressed air is sent to the combustor and heated to a predetermined temperature by combustion. It is then sent to the turbine for work.
　本発明の実施例１を図１により説明する。図１は太陽熱利用ガスタービンシステムの基本構成を示す。本実施例におけるガスタービンシステムは、空気を圧縮する圧縮機１、圧縮機１で圧縮された空気と燃料とを燃焼させる燃焼器２、圧縮機で圧縮され燃焼器２に供給される空気を太陽熱によって加熱する空気加熱器３、燃焼器２で生成した燃焼ガスによって駆動されるタービン４、タービン４とシャフトを介して連結される発電機９により構成されている。本実施例ではさらに、圧縮機１に取り込まれる吸気である大気１０に微細液滴を噴霧する液スプレー１１（噴霧装置）、この液スプレー１１に供給する水を貯蔵する液タンク１２を備えている。また、太陽光を集光する集光ミラー２０、集光ミラー２０で集光され得られる太陽熱を集熱する集熱管２１、集熱管２１に供給される被加熱媒体を貯蔵する低温タンク７、集熱管２１で加熱され昇温した被加熱媒体を貯蔵する高温タンク６とを備えている。図１において圧縮機１，タービン４，発電機９はシャフトで繋がれ、タービン４で発生した動力は圧縮機１と発電機９に伝達される。圧縮機１の吸気側には液スプレー１１が設けられ、圧縮機１の吸気に微細な液滴（例、粒径１～５０μｍ）が噴霧される。液スプレー１１で噴霧された液滴は、その一部が圧縮機１に導入されるまでの間で気化するとともに、未気化の液滴が圧縮機内に導入され、その全ては圧縮機１内を流下（圧縮工程）中に蒸発する。一方、太陽光は集光ミラー２０により集光され集熱管２１に集まる。集熱管２１では集熱媒体が加熱され高温タンク６に蓄えられる。高温タンク６から空気加熱器３に高温の集熱媒体が送られ、圧縮空気を加熱する構成となっている。 Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 shows a basic configuration of a solar heat utilizing gas turbine system. The gas turbine system in the present embodiment includes a compressor 1 that compresses air, a combustor 2 that combusts air and fuel compressed by the compressor 1, and solar air that is compressed by the compressor and supplied to the combustor 2. It is comprised by the air heater 3 heated by the, the turbine 4 driven by the combustion gas produced | generated by the combustor 2, and the generator 9 connected with the turbine 4 through the shaft. In the present embodiment, a liquid spray 11 (a spraying device) that sprays fine droplets on the atmosphere 10 that is intake air taken into the compressor 1 and a liquid tank 12 that stores water supplied to the liquid spray 11 are further provided. . Further, a collecting mirror 20 that collects sunlight, a heat collecting tube 21 that collects solar heat collected by the collecting mirror 20, a low-temperature tank 7 that stores a heated medium supplied to the heat collecting tube 21, And a high-temperature tank 6 for storing a heated medium heated by the heat tube 21 and heated. In FIG. 1, the compressor 1, the turbine 4, and the generator 9 are connected by a shaft, and the power generated in the turbine 4 is transmitted to the compressor 1 and the generator 9. A liquid spray 11 is provided on the intake side of the compressor 1, and fine droplets (for example, a particle diameter of 1 to 50 μm) are sprayed on the intake air of the compressor 1. The droplets sprayed by the liquid spray 11 are vaporized until part of the droplets are introduced into the compressor 1, and unvaporized droplets are introduced into the compressor, and all of the droplets pass through the compressor 1. It evaporates during the flow down (compression process). On the other hand, sunlight is collected by the collecting mirror 20 and collected in the heat collecting tube 21. In the heat collecting tube 21, the heat collecting medium is heated and stored in the high temperature tank 6. A high temperature heat collecting medium is sent from the high temperature tank 6 to the air heater 3 to heat the compressed air.
　圧縮機１の吸気に噴霧された液滴は噴霧直後から蒸発を開始し、蒸発潜熱に相当する分、空気を冷却する。これは最大で、蒸気分圧が飽和蒸気圧力になるまで続く。次に、冷却された空気は圧縮機１の段落へ流入する。圧縮機１では空気が断熱圧縮され圧力だけでなく温度が上昇するが、これにより液滴が蒸発し空気を冷却する。このため、温度上昇が抑制される。液滴の蒸発に伴い空気と蒸気の混合ガスの質量流量が増加するが、体積流量が減少するため、圧縮機１の動力が低減される。同時に、圧縮機１から流出する圧縮空気の温度が低下する。 The droplets sprayed into the intake air of the compressor 1 start to evaporate immediately after spraying, and cool the air by an amount corresponding to the latent heat of evaporation. This is a maximum and continues until the vapor partial pressure reaches the saturated vapor pressure. Next, the cooled air flows into the paragraph of the compressor 1. In the compressor 1, the air is adiabatically compressed and the temperature rises as well as the pressure. As a result, the droplets evaporate to cool the air. For this reason, a temperature rise is suppressed. As the droplets evaporate, the mass flow rate of the mixed gas of air and steam increases, but the volume flow rate decreases, so the power of the compressor 1 is reduced. At the same time, the temperature of the compressed air flowing out from the compressor 1 decreases.
　一方、太陽光はミラー２０により集熱管２１に集光される。集熱管２１で集熱媒体は冷温から高温に加熱される。太陽光が得られるのは昼間に限られ、また、日射量は天候により変動する。このため、本実施例では高温タンク６と低温タンク７を設けることによりこの変動の影響を緩和している。すなわち、日射量の多いときは高温タンク６に蓄熱し、日射量の少ない、あるいは無いときは蓄熱された熱を消費する。高温の集熱媒体は空気加熱器３で圧縮空気を加熱する。低温となった集熱媒体は低温タンク７に蓄えられる。 On the other hand, sunlight is condensed on the heat collecting tube 21 by the mirror 20. The heat collecting medium is heated from the cold temperature to the high temperature by the heat collecting tube 21. Sunlight can be obtained only in the daytime, and the amount of solar radiation varies depending on the weather. For this reason, in this embodiment, the influence of this variation is mitigated by providing the high temperature tank 6 and the low temperature tank 7. That is, heat is stored in the high temperature tank 6 when the amount of solar radiation is large, and the stored heat is consumed when the amount of solar radiation is small or absent. The high temperature heat collection medium heats the compressed air by the air heater 3. The low temperature heat collection medium is stored in the low temperature tank 7.
　加熱された圧縮空気は燃焼器２に送られ、燃焼により所定の温度まで加熱される。次にタービン４に送られ仕事を得る。 The heated compressed air is sent to the combustor 2 and heated to a predetermined temperature by combustion. Next, it is sent to the turbine 4 to obtain work.
　本実施例によれば、液スプレー１１で圧縮機の吸気を噴霧冷却させ、さらに圧縮機内を流下中に液滴を蒸発させるため、中間冷却器でエネルギーを系外に放出するタイプ（非特許文献１）のように熱効率が低下するデメリットが無く、太陽熱を効果的に利用できる。さらに、燃焼により所定の温度まで再加熱するため、ガスタービンシステムの計画設計点での稼動を可能とする。これにより、天候に伴う日射量によらず安定した出力を得られる。太陽熱は補助的に使われるが、一般的にガスタービンシステムの熱効率はスケールメリットにより大規模なほど高い。このため、大規模なガスタービンシステムへ本発明を適用することにより、太陽熱の利用効率の大幅な向上を期待できる。 According to the present embodiment, the liquid spray 11 sprays and cools the intake air of the compressor, and further evaporates the liquid droplets while flowing through the compressor, so that the intermediate cooler releases energy to the outside of the system (non-patent document). There is no demerit that the thermal efficiency is reduced as in 1), and solar heat can be used effectively. Furthermore, since the gas is reheated to a predetermined temperature by combustion, the gas turbine system can be operated at a planned design point. Thereby, a stable output can be obtained regardless of the amount of solar radiation accompanying the weather. Solar heat is used as an auxiliary, but in general, the thermal efficiency of gas turbine systems is higher at larger scales due to the merit of scale. For this reason, applying the present invention to a large-scale gas turbine system can be expected to greatly improve the utilization efficiency of solar heat.
　本発明の実施例２を図２により説明する。図２はタービン４の排熱を回収し蒸気タービンを稼動させるコンバインド発電プラントへの適用した構成図である。本実施例により追加された構成は、蒸気タービン５，排熱回収ボイラ１５，復水器１６である。タービン４の排気はなお高温であり、排熱回収ボイラ１５で排熱により蒸気を生成する。蒸気は蒸気タービン５に送られ出力を得、最終的に復水器１６で凝縮する。 Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram applied to a combined power plant that recovers exhaust heat of the turbine 4 and operates a steam turbine. The components added by the present embodiment are a steam turbine 5, an exhaust heat recovery boiler 15, and a condenser 16. The exhaust from the turbine 4 is still hot, and steam is generated by the exhaust heat in the exhaust heat recovery boiler 15. The steam is sent to the steam turbine 5 to obtain an output, and is finally condensed in the condenser 16.
　本実施例によれば、コンバインド発電プラントに投入された太陽熱はタービン４を経由し、蒸気タービン５に送られるため、高い熱効率を得る。また、良く知られている太陽熱の利用は蒸気タービン単独、あるいはコンバインドプラントの蒸気タービンへ蒸気を供給するのが一般的であるが、本実施例ではガスタービンを経由するため、太陽熱の利用効率をより高めることが可能である。 According to the present embodiment, the solar heat input to the combined power plant is sent to the steam turbine 5 via the turbine 4, so that high thermal efficiency is obtained. Furthermore, the well-known use of solar heat is generally to supply steam to a steam turbine alone or to a combined plant steam turbine. It is possible to increase it further.
　本発明の実施例３を図３により説明する。図３は中間冷却型のガスタービンを用いたコンバインド発電プラントへの適用した構成図である。圧縮機１は低圧圧縮機１ａと高圧圧縮機１ｂに分離され、その間に空気冷却器１７が新たに設けられる。これに合わせ、液スプレー１１は低圧圧縮機１ａの吸気用１１ａと、高圧圧縮機１ｂの吸気用１１ｂが設けられる。 Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram applied to a combined power plant using an intercooled gas turbine. The compressor 1 is separated into a low-pressure compressor 1a and a high-pressure compressor 1b, and an air cooler 17 is newly provided between them. In accordance with this, the liquid spray 11 is provided with an intake 11a for the low-pressure compressor 1a and an intake 11b for the high-pressure compressor 1b.
　吸気噴霧流量は液スプレー１１ａと液スプレー１１ｂをそれぞれ独立に設定できる。中間冷却の冷却媒体の流量も目的に合わせ設定できる。非特許文献１に対して液スプレー１１ａ，１１ｂがあることにより、低圧圧縮機１ａと高圧圧縮機１ｂの段落内部でも冷却でき、低圧圧縮機１ａ，高圧圧縮機１ｂの動力をより効果的に低減できる。高圧圧縮機１ｂの段落内部での冷却は圧縮空気の温度をさらに低下させる。空気冷却器１７の冷却媒体を無くし液スプレー１１ａからの吸気噴霧のみにしても良い。この場合、運転条件に合わせ、吸気噴霧流量を液スプレー１１ａと液スプレー１１ｂで変えられる。例えば、高緯度地域では寒冷時、大気温度が氷点以下となり液スプレーができない恐れがあるが、高圧圧縮機１ｂ用にはその限りでない。低圧圧縮機１ａでの断熱圧縮により空気温度が上昇するためである。 The intake spray flow rate can be set independently for the liquid spray 11a and the liquid spray 11b. The flow rate of the cooling medium for intermediate cooling can also be set according to the purpose. By providing the liquid sprays 11a and 11b with respect to Non-Patent Document 1, cooling can be performed even inside the paragraphs of the low-pressure compressor 1a and the high-pressure compressor 1b, and the power of the low-pressure compressor 1a and the high-pressure compressor 1b is more effectively reduced. it can. Cooling inside the paragraph of the high-pressure compressor 1b further reduces the temperature of the compressed air. The cooling medium of the air cooler 17 may be eliminated and only the intake spray from the liquid spray 11a may be used. In this case, the intake spray flow rate can be changed between the liquid spray 11a and the liquid spray 11b in accordance with the operating conditions. For example, in a high latitude area, when cold, the atmospheric temperature may be below the freezing point and liquid spraying may not be possible, but this is not the case for the high-pressure compressor 1b. This is because the air temperature rises due to adiabatic compression in the low-pressure compressor 1a.
　本発明の実施例４を図４により説明する。図４は他の廃熱を併用した構成図であり、新たな構成としては廃熱回収部３０を設けた点と、高温タンク６を第１の高温タンク６ａと第２の高温タンク６ｂに分割して設けた点である。本実施例により、低温タンク７から供給される集熱媒体は、廃熱回収部３０で昇温された後、第１の高温タンク６ａを経由して空気加熱器３に供給する系統と、廃熱回収部３０を経由後に集熱管２１で太陽熱により更に加熱する系統が構成される。 Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram in which other waste heat is used together. As a new configuration, a waste heat recovery unit 30 is provided, and the high temperature tank 6 is divided into a first high temperature tank 6a and a second high temperature tank 6b. It is a point provided. According to the present embodiment, the heat collection medium supplied from the low temperature tank 7 is heated by the waste heat recovery unit 30, and then supplied to the air heater 3 via the first high temperature tank 6a. A system for further heating by solar heat in the heat collecting tube 21 after passing through the heat recovery unit 30 is configured.
　廃熱回収部３０で回収する廃熱としては、工場或いはごみ焼却炉の廃熱を想定する。これらは一日の中で太陽熱より安定して長時間得られる。このため、ベースとして廃熱回収部３０からの廃熱を用い、太陽熱が利用できる期間は、さらに高温の集熱媒体を得、燃料消費を低減できる。 The waste heat recovered by the waste heat recovery unit 30 is assumed to be waste heat from a factory or a waste incinerator. These can be obtained more stably than solar heat for a long time during the day. For this reason, the waste heat from the waste heat recovery unit 30 is used as a base, and during a period in which solar heat can be used, a higher temperature heat collection medium can be obtained and fuel consumption can be reduced.
　ガスタービンに太陽熱を適用したガスタービンシステムとして利用することが可能である。 It can be used as a gas turbine system that applies solar heat to a gas turbine.
１　圧縮機
１ａ　低圧圧縮機
１ｂ　高圧圧縮機
２　燃焼器
３　空気加熱器
４　タービン
５　蒸気タービン
６　高温タンク
７　低温タンク
９　発電機
１０　大気
１１　液スプレー
１２　液タンク
１５　排熱回収ボイラ
１６　復水器
１７　空気冷却器
２０　集光ミラー
２１　集熱管
３０　廃熱回収部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Compressor 1a Low pressure compressor 1b High pressure compressor 2 Combustor 3 Air heater 4 Turbine 5 Steam turbine 6 High temperature tank 7 Low temperature tank 9 Generator 10 Atmosphere 11 Liquid spray 12 Liquid tank 15 Waste heat recovery boiler 16 Condenser 17 Air cooler 20 Condensing mirror 21 Heat collecting tube 30 Waste heat recovery section

Claims (6)

  1. 　空気を圧縮する圧縮機と、該前記圧縮機で圧縮された空気と燃料とを燃焼させる燃焼器と、該燃焼器で生成した燃焼ガスにより駆動されるタービンと、前記圧縮機の吸気に微細液滴を噴霧する噴霧装置と、前記圧縮機で圧縮された空気を太陽熱により加熱する空気加熱器とを備えたことを特徴とする太陽熱利用ガスタービンシステム。 A compressor that compresses air; a combustor that combusts air and fuel compressed by the compressor; a turbine that is driven by combustion gas generated by the combustor; A solar-heated gas turbine system comprising: a spraying device that sprays droplets; and an air heater that heats air compressed by the compressor by solar heat.
  2. 　前記噴霧装置は、前記圧縮機に導入されるまでの間に噴霧された液滴の一部を気化させ、前記空気と共に前記圧縮機内に導入された未気化の液滴を前記圧縮機内を流下中に気化させることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の太陽熱利用ガスタービンシステム。 The spraying device vaporizes a part of the sprayed droplets before being introduced into the compressor, and the unvaporized droplets introduced into the compressor together with the air are flowing down through the compressor. The gas turbine system using solar heat according to claim 1, wherein the gas turbine system is vaporized.
  3. 　ガスタービン排ガスから排熱を回収する排熱回収ボイラと、該排熱回収ボイラで発生した蒸気により駆動される蒸気タービンとを備えたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の太陽熱利用ガスタービンシステム。 The solar heat utilization gas turbine system according to claim 1, comprising: an exhaust heat recovery boiler that recovers exhaust heat from the gas turbine exhaust gas; and a steam turbine that is driven by steam generated in the exhaust heat recovery boiler. .
  4. 　前記圧縮機を低圧段と高圧段に分割し、その間に中間冷却部を設け、該中間冷却部に液滴を噴霧する第２の噴霧装置を備えたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の太陽熱利用ガスタービンシステム。 2. The compressor according to claim 1, further comprising: a second spraying device that divides the compressor into a low-pressure stage and a high-pressure stage, and provides an intermediate cooling unit therebetween, and sprays droplets on the intermediate cooling unit. Solar thermal gas turbine system.
  5. 　ガスタービンの系外の排熱を回収する廃熱回収部を備え、該廃熱回収部で加熱された媒体を太陽熱で更に加熱して前記空気加熱器に供給することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の太陽熱利用ガスタービンシステム。 The waste heat recovery part which collects exhaust heat outside the system of a gas turbine is provided, The medium heated by this waste heat recovery part is further heated with solar heat, and is supplied to the air heater. The solar heat utilization gas turbine system described in 1.
  6. 　前記空気加熱器は、廃熱回収部で加熱された媒体と、前記廃熱回収部と太陽熱とで加熱された媒体とが切替えて供給されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の太陽熱利用ガスタービンシステム。 2. The solar heat utilization according to claim 1, wherein the air heater is supplied by switching between a medium heated by a waste heat recovery unit and a medium heated by the waste heat recovery unit and solar heat. Gas turbine system.
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