Heat pump solar steam turbine generator unit combined heat and power generation circulating system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide circulating working medium heat pump solar steam turbine generator units, in particular to a heat pump solar steam turbine generator unit cogeneration circulating system.
Background
The heat pump technology utilizes the reverse Carnot cycle to convert low-grade heat energy in an air source (a water source and a ground source) into high-temperature domestic hot water, heating and industrial hot water, and is widely applied to the field. For an air source heat pump, the higher the ambient temperature is, the higher the heating efficiency of the heat pump unit is, especially in summer high-temperature weather, a huge amount of low-grade heat energy is stored in the air, the heating efficiency of the heat pump unit is very high, in addition, solar radiation heat energy in summer is very strong, the demands of people on domestic hot water and industrial hot water in summer are greatly reduced, the on-duty rate of the heat pump unit is very low, and especially the heat pump heating unit in the north is completely stopped running in high-temperature weather. In a traditional heat energy power plant, high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by a coal (gas) -fired heating boiler is used for driving an impeller of a steam turbine and a rotor to rotate to drive a rotor of a generator to rotate for generating electricity, and the steam discharged by the steam turbine is condensed by a water cooler and then is conveyed to the boiler through a high-pressure pump to be heated into the high-temperature and high-pressure steam to drive the steam turbine.
There are also many heat pump power generation patent technologies in China, for example, the invention patent with application number CN201710323183.4, which uses dynamic pressure (steam pressure) generated by vaporization and expansion of low boiling point liquid in an evaporator of a heat pump unit to drive a generator to operate through a pneumatic motor or a steam turbine to realize heat pump power generation. The patent technology with application number CN201820942167.3 utilizes a heat pump to heat hot water to generate steam for power generation and Stirling thermoelectric power generation. As is well known, the most mature technology for generating electricity by steam is to drive an impeller and a rotor to rotate through a through-flow part of a steam turbine so as to drive a generator rotor to rotate for generating electricity.
The invention provides a method for utilizing the higher heating energy efficiency of an air source heat pump unit under the condition of high ambient temperature and the radiation heat energy of the sun.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat pump solar steam turbine generator unit cogeneration cycle system, which adopts a carbon dioxide cycle working medium to absorb low-grade heat energy in air from an air source through low-temperature evaporation of an evaporator in an air source heat pump, forms high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide gas through compression of a compressor, further heats the high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide gas through sunlight focusing radiation heat energy, inputs the high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide gas in a gas storage tank to a high-pressure inlet of a steam turbine, drives an impeller and a rotor of the steam turbine to rotate to drive a generator to generate electricity, and produces hot water through heat exchange of the low-temperature and low-pressure cycle working medium gas discharged from the steam turbine through a water cooler.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a heat pump solar steam turbine generator unit cogeneration circulating system comprises a compressor, a high-pressure gas storage tank, a steam turbine, a water cooler, a heat exchanger, a throttling device and an evaporator, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a high-temperature channel and a low-temperature channel; the system comprises a compressor, a high-pressure gas storage tank, a steam turbine, a water cooler, a high-temperature channel of a heat exchanger, a throttling device, an evaporator, a low-temperature channel of the heat exchanger and the compressor are sequentially communicated through pipelines to form a circulation loop, and carbon dioxide circulation working media flow through the circulation loop; a solar radiation plate is arranged around the high-pressure gas storage tank; the rotor of the steam turbine is connected with the rotor of the generator through a coupling.
Furthermore, a fan is arranged on the evaporator to maintain the heat exchange between the evaporator and air in a convection manner.
Further, the steam turbine comprises an impeller and a rotor, and high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas in the high-pressure gas storage tank enters the through-flow part through a high-pressure inlet of the steam turbine to drive the impeller and the rotor to rotate; the turbine rotor drives the generator rotor to rotate to generate power.
Further, the working method of the air source heat pump, the solar energy and the cogeneration cycle system of the steam turbine generator unit comprises the following steps:
s1, operating a compressor, sucking carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas from a low-temperature channel into the compressor through a gas return pipe, and compressing the carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas into high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide gas;
s2, outputting the high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide gas into a high-pressure gas storage tank through an exhaust pipe of the compressor, and focusing solar radiation heat energy onto the high-pressure gas storage tank by using a solar radiation plate to heat the carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas;
s3, allowing the high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas to enter a circulating part of the steam turbine to drive a steam turbine impeller and a rotor to rotate, and driving a generator rotor to rotate to generate power;
s4, outputting the carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas subjected to temperature and pressure reduction through the through-flow part of the steam turbine to an internal pipeline of a water cooler through an exhaust port of the steam turbine for cooling, and adjusting the heating efficiency of the circulating system by adjusting the water inlet temperature of the water cooler;
s5, inputting the cooled carbon dioxide circulating working medium into a high-temperature channel of the heat exchanger, and performing heat exchange with low-temperature carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas input from a low-temperature channel of the heat exchanger;
s6, the carbon dioxide circulating working medium in the high-temperature channel releases heat and is cooled to form a liquid circulating working medium, the liquid circulating working medium is depressurized by a throttling device and enters an evaporator, and low-temperature evaporation is carried out after low-grade heat energy from an air source is absorbed by a pipeline;
and S7, the carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas after low-temperature evaporation in the evaporator pipeline enters a low-temperature channel of the heat exchanger, is subjected to heat exchange and is sucked into the compressor through the air return pipe for compression.
The evaporator of the carbon dioxide circulating working medium heat pump system absorbs low-grade heat energy from an air source, the compressor compresses and applies work to form high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide gaseous circulating working medium, the critical point temperature of the carbon dioxide circulating working medium is 31.1 ℃, the exhaust temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide circulating working medium compressor can reach the range of 80-120 ℃, the exhaust pressure can reach the range of 8-13 Mpa, the supercritical high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas exhausted by the compressor is input into a high-pressure gas storage tank, solar radiation heat energy is focused to the high-pressure gas storage tank through a solar energy concentrating radiation plate to further heat the carbon dioxide gas in the high-pressure gas storage tank, the high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide gas in the high-pressure gas storage tank is input into a high-pressure inlet of a steam turbine, and an impeller and a rotor are driven to rotate through a through-flow part of the steam turbine to drive a generator rotor to rotate to generate electricity. The supercritical high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas is subjected to work by a steam turbine, partial heat energy of the supercritical high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas is converted into mechanical energy for rotating a steam turbine rotor to drive a generator rotor to rotate to generate electricity, the temperature and the pressure of the carbon dioxide circulating working medium discharged from an exhaust port of the steam turbine can be reduced to a lower range, the carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas is input into a water cooler to be cooled, the carbon dioxide circulating working medium cooled by the water cooler is input into a high-temperature channel of a heat exchanger to exchange heat with low-temperature carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas from an outlet of an evaporator in a low-temperature channel of the heat exchanger, the exhaust temperature of the evaporator is far lower than the critical temperature (31.1 ℃) of carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide circulating working medium in the high-temperature channel can further release heat to be cooled to be lower than the critical temperature of the carbon dioxide to form liquid carbon dioxide (or supercooled carbon dioxide liquid) circulating working medium, the liquid carbon dioxide circulating working medium is reduced in the pressure by a throttling device and then enters a pipeline in the evaporator to absorb low-grade heat energy in an air source for low-temperature evaporation, and the evaporator carries out convective heat exchange with air through a fan; the low-temperature carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas from the exhaust pipe of the evaporator absorbs the heat released by the carbon dioxide circulating working medium in the high-temperature channel in the low-temperature channel of the heat exchanger to be heated, then enters the return air port of the compressor, the energy efficiency of the compressor is improved after the return air temperature of the compressor is raised, and the cogeneration cycle of the carbon dioxide circulating working medium air source heat pump solar turbo generator unit can be realized through the cycle.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows:
the invention absorbs and converts low-grade heat energy in an air source into supercritical high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas through a heat pump technology, further heats the circulating working medium gas through sunlight focusing radiation heat energy, converts the heat energy in the supercritical carbon dioxide circulating working medium into electric energy and hot water through a turbo generator set and a water cooler thereof to realize cogeneration, and provides a new way for generating power and producing hot water by using the low-grade heat energy and the solar radiation heat energy in the air source.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of a combined heat and power generation circulation system of an air source heat pump, solar energy and a steam turbine generator unit.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the air source heat pump, solar energy, and turbo-generator set cogeneration cycle system of the present invention.
In the figure: the method comprises the following steps of 1-a compressor, 2-a steam turbine, 3-a generator, 4-a water cooler, 5-a throttling device, 6-an evaporator, 7-a fan, 8-a heat exchanger, 9-a high-temperature channel, 10-a low-temperature channel, 11-a high-pressure air storage tank and 12-a solar radiation plate.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the air source heat pump, solar energy and steam turbine generator unit cogeneration cycle system comprises a compressor 1, a high pressure gas storage tank 11, a steam turbine 2, a water cooler 4, a heat exchanger 8, a throttling device 5 and an evaporator 6, wherein the heat exchanger 8 comprises a high temperature channel 9 and a low temperature channel 10; the system comprises a compressor 1, a high-pressure gas storage tank 11, a steam turbine 2, a water cooler 4, a high-temperature channel 9 of a heat exchanger 8, a throttling device 5, an evaporator 6, a low-temperature channel 10 of the heat exchanger 8 and the compressor 1 which are sequentially communicated through pipelines to form a circulation loop, wherein carbon dioxide circulation working media flow through the circulation loop; a solar radiation plate 12 is arranged around the high-pressure gas storage tank 11; the rotor of the steam turbine 2 is connected with the rotor of the generator 3 through a coupling; the evaporator 6 is provided with a fan 7.
Specifically, a low-temperature channel 10 in the heat exchanger 8 is connected with a compressor 1 through an air return pipe, the compressor 1 is communicated with a high-pressure gas storage tank 11 through an exhaust pipe, solar radiation plates 12 focus solar radiation heat energy into the high-pressure gas storage tank 11 to heat carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas in the high-pressure gas storage tank 11, an outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank 11 is connected to a high-pressure inlet of a turbine 2, high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas enters a through-flow part through the high-pressure inlet of the turbine 2 to drive an impeller and a rotor of the turbine 2 to rotate, the rotor of the turbine drives a rotor of a generator 3 to rotate to generate power, and an exhaust port of the turbine 2 is connected with a water cooler 4.
Referring to fig. 2, the working method of the air source heat pump, solar energy and steam turbine generator unit cogeneration cycle system comprises the following steps:
s1, operating a compressor, sucking carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas from a low-temperature channel into the compressor through a gas return pipe, and compressing the carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas into high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide gas.
And S2, outputting the high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide gas into a high-pressure gas storage tank through an exhaust pipe of the compressor, and focusing solar radiation heat energy onto the high-pressure gas storage tank by using a solar radiation plate to heat the carbon dioxide cycle working medium gas.
S3, allowing the high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas to enter a circulating part of the steam turbine to drive a steam turbine impeller and a rotor to rotate, and driving a generator rotor to rotate to generate power; the steam turbine 2 converts part of heat energy in the high-temperature high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide cycle working medium gas into mechanical energy for rotating the rotor of the steam turbine 2, and the rotor of the steam turbine 2 drives the rotor of the generator 3 to rotate for generating power.
S4, outputting the carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas subjected to temperature and pressure reduction through the through-flow part of the steam turbine to an internal pipeline of a water cooler through an exhaust port of the steam turbine for cooling, and adjusting the heating efficiency of the circulating system by adjusting the water inlet temperature of the water cooler; the cooling water absorbs the waste heat of the carbon dioxide circulating working medium to form hot water which is discharged out of the water cooler, the temperature of the carbon dioxide circulating working medium is further reduced after passing through the water cooler 4, and the carbon dioxide circulating working medium is cooled by the water cooler and then keeps in a gaseous state under the condition of high environmental temperature when the temperature of the cooling water is higher than the temperature of the carbon dioxide critical point because the temperature of the carbon dioxide critical point is 31.1 ℃.
S5, inputting the cooled carbon dioxide circulating working medium into a high-temperature channel of the heat exchanger, and performing heat exchange with the low-temperature carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas input from a low-temperature channel of the heat exchanger; the temperature of the low-temperature carbon dioxide working medium gas in the low-temperature channel 10 in the heat exchanger 8 is increased after absorbing the waste heat released by the carbon dioxide circulating working medium in the high-temperature channel 9, and the carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas after being heated in the low-temperature channel 10 enters the compressor 1 through the air return pipe of the compressor 1.
S6, the carbon dioxide circulating working medium in the high-temperature channel releases heat and is cooled to form liquid circulating working medium (or supercooling circulating working medium), the liquid circulating working medium is depressurized by a throttling device and enters an evaporator, and low-temperature evaporation is carried out after low-grade heat energy from an air source is absorbed by a pipeline; the evaporator 6 absorbs low-grade heat energy in an air source through the convection heat exchange of the fan 7 and air, and the carbon dioxide circulating working medium continuously circulates in the pipeline.
And S7, the carbon dioxide circulating working medium gas after low-temperature evaporation in the evaporator pipeline enters a low-temperature channel of the heat exchanger, is subjected to heat exchange and is sucked into the compressor through the air return pipe for compression. The heat exchange of the carbon dioxide circulating working medium of the high-temperature channel 9 and the low-temperature channel 10 in the heat exchanger 8 belongs to the heat exchange in the system, on one hand, the temperature of the low-temperature carbon dioxide circulating working medium in the low-temperature channel 10, namely the return air temperature of the compressor 1, can be improved, the energy efficiency of the compressor 1 can be further improved, on the other hand, the temperature (or supercooling degree) of the carbon dioxide circulating working medium in the high-temperature channel 9 can be reduced, and further, the capacity of the evaporator 6 for absorbing low-grade heat energy can be improved. Under the condition of high environmental temperature, when the water inlet temperature of the water cooler 4 is 31.1 ℃ higher than the critical point temperature of carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide circulating working medium is in a gaseous state after passing through the water cooler 4, the gaseous carbon dioxide circulating working medium enters the high-temperature channel 9 and exchanges heat with the low-temperature carbon dioxide circulating working medium in the low-temperature channel 10, the carbon dioxide circulating working medium in the high-temperature channel 9 is changed from the gaseous state into the liquid state after the temperature of the carbon dioxide circulating working medium in the high-temperature channel 9 is reduced after heat exchange, latent heat released by phase change is absorbed by the low-temperature carbon dioxide circulating working medium in the low-temperature channel 10, the return air temperature of the compressor 1 is increased, and the efficiency of the compressor is improved. When the water inlet temperature of the water cooler 4 is low (lower than the critical point temperature of carbon dioxide by 31.1 ℃), the carbon dioxide circulating working medium is possibly cooled into liquid carbon dioxide in the water cooler, latent heat released by phase change of the gaseous carbon dioxide circulating working medium is absorbed by cooling water, the carbon dioxide liquid working medium is further cooled after entering the high-temperature channel 9 of the heat exchanger 8 to form carbon dioxide super-cooled liquid circulating working medium, the super-cooled carbon dioxide liquid circulating working medium is depressurized by the throttling device 5 and enters the inner pipeline of the evaporator 6 for low-temperature evaporation, more low-grade heat energy can be absorbed, and the heating efficiency of the system is improved. In addition, the solar energy condensing radiation plate is used for focusing solar radiation heat energy to the high-pressure gas storage tank to further heat the carbon dioxide gas in the high-pressure gas storage tank, so that the solar radiation heat energy can be better utilized; the invention can more flexibly adjust the heating efficiency of the circulating system by setting the water inlet temperature of the water cooler.