WO2019178784A1 - Ensemble palier et système de détection de charge de palier - Google Patents

Ensemble palier et système de détection de charge de palier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019178784A1
WO2019178784A1 PCT/CN2018/079896 CN2018079896W WO2019178784A1 WO 2019178784 A1 WO2019178784 A1 WO 2019178784A1 CN 2018079896 W CN2018079896 W CN 2018079896W WO 2019178784 A1 WO2019178784 A1 WO 2019178784A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearing
pressure sensing
sensing elements
sensing element
load detecting
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Application number
PCT/CN2018/079896
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄运生
马子魁
万里
Original Assignee
舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
黄运生
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Application filed by 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司, 黄运生 filed Critical 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司
Priority to PCT/CN2018/079896 priority Critical patent/WO2019178784A1/fr
Publication of WO2019178784A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019178784A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04—Bearings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of bearings, and in particular to bearing assemblies and bearing load detection systems.
  • the external load experienced by the bearing generally fluctuates with time.
  • the bearing is only subjected to static loads generated by the weight of the vehicle when the train is stationary, the external load of the bearing will fluctuate around the static load during the running of the train. Therefore, the detection of bearing load includes static detection and dynamic detection.
  • the external dynamic load is generally obtained by analyzing and calculating the mechanical system of the mounted bearing, and the final result obtained is not accurate.
  • the detecting component such as the resistance strain gauge directly detects the external load of the bearing, there is the following problem: the detection accuracy is related to the distance from the detecting component to the raceway, so in order to improve the detection accuracy, it is necessary to structurally damage the outer ring of the bearing. It affects the rigidity and life of the bearing; when applied to the more complicated working conditions of vibration shock, the reliability of the detecting component in the prior art is difficult to ensure.
  • the present invention has been made based on the above-described deficiencies of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a bearing assembly including a bearing and a bearing load detecting device capable of realizing a load without breaking the bearing structure. The reliability of the load detection and the accuracy of the results can be checked and ensured.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the pressure sensor is first placed on the surface of the bearing carrying the load, and then the pressure sensor can be used to detect the dynamic load of the bearing at multiple points, and then the obtained dynamic load signal is obtained by the following signal processing method. The data is analyzed and processed, and finally the radial/axial load bearing the bearing and the torque around the center are obtained.
  • a bearing assembly includes a bearing and bearing load detecting device having a plurality of pressure sensors having a sheet-shaped pressure sensing element and a wire corresponding to the pressure sensing element
  • a plurality of the pressure sensing elements are disposed along a surface of the bearing for detecting a load of a plurality of points on a surface of the bearing, and at least one of the pressure sensing elements is disposed at any point on a surface of the bearing.
  • a plurality of pressure sensing elements are disposed along an inner circumferential surface of the inner ring of the bearing or an outer circumferential surface of the outer ring.
  • a plurality of said pressure sensing elements are evenly arranged along the circumference of said bearing.
  • a plurality of columns of the pressure sensing elements are disposed in the axial direction of the bearing.
  • the bearing load detecting device has an annular member for fixing the pressure sensing element, and the annular member is disposed on an inner circumferential surface and/or an outer circumferential surface of the pressure sensing element.
  • At least two of the pressure sensing elements are located in a line parallel to the axial direction of the bearing.
  • a plurality of pressure sensing elements are disposed along one or both axial end faces of the inner and/or outer ring of the bearing.
  • the bearing load detecting device has an annular member for fixing the pressure sensing element, and the annular member is disposed on one side or both sides of the pressure sensing element in an axial direction of the bearing .
  • At least two pressure sensing elements are located on the same diameter of the same end face of the inner and/or outer ring of the bearing.
  • the plurality of pressure sensors are one-way force sensors or two-way force sensors.
  • a bearing load detecting system includes:
  • a bearing load detecting device having a plurality of pressure sensors having a sheet-shaped pressure sensing element and a wire corresponding to the pressure sensing element, respectively, and a plurality of along the surface of the bearing
  • the pressure sensing element is configured to detect a load of a plurality of points on a surface of the bearing, and at least one of the pressure sensing elements is disposed at any point on a surface of the bearing;
  • a signal amplification and acquisition device configured to amplify a signal output by the bearing load detecting device and to acquire the amplified signal
  • a signal processing device is configured to process the signal output by the signal amplification and acquisition device.
  • the signal amplifying and collecting device is capable of performing independent signal amplification and acquisition on signals output by each of the plurality of pressure sensors, thereby obtaining a plurality of signals.
  • the processing by the signal processing device on the plurality of signals output by the signal amplification and acquisition device comprises performing a summation averaging of data respectively included in the plurality of signals at the same time.
  • the present invention relates to a bearing assembly and a bearing load detecting system, for example, for use in a railway, wherein the dynamic load of the measuring point is measured, for example, by selecting a piezoelectric ceramic element or a silicon piezoresistive element. Then, the results of the multiple detection units are processed, and the radial load, axial load, bending moment, etc. of the bearing can be obtained in real time. Since the shape of the pressure sensor can be designed according to the bearing installation conditions, the detection can be realized without breaking the bearing structure. In other words, the surfaces of the inner and outer rings of the bearing according to the present invention maintain a flat curved surface without providing recesses for accommodating the sensor as in the prior art.
  • test results are more accurate due to the direct contact type of the load bearing the bearing.
  • the piezoelectric ceramic component and the silicon piezoresistive component have high hardness and shock vibration resistance, the bearing stiffness requirement of the bearing can be satisfied, and the reliability of the load detection is ensured.
  • the method of averaging multiple points of multiple planes of the bearing is used to ensure accurate and reliable results.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a bearing assembly including a bearing and bearing load sensing device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a bearing assembly in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, which also includes bearing and bearing load sensing devices.
  • Figure 3 shows an axial cross-sectional view of the bearing assembly.
  • Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a bearing load detecting device according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which an annular member is provided on both the inner side and the outer side of the pressure sensing element.
  • Figure 5 shows the piezoelectric effect of a piezoelectric ceramic component.
  • Figure 6 shows the distribution of forces in a cross-sectional view of a bearing assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the decomposition of force in a cross-sectional view of a bearing assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of the calculation of the bending moment.
  • Figure 9 shows an axial cross-sectional view of a bearing assembly in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, also showing the axle box and shaft.
  • Figure 10 shows a perspective view of the bearing assembly according to Figure 9 without the axle box and shaft of Figure 9 being shown.
  • Fig. 11 shows an axial sectional view of Fig. 10.
  • Figure 12 shows an axial cross-sectional view of a bearing assembly in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a perspective view showing a bearing load detecting device according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which an annular member is provided on both axial sides of the pressure sensing element.
  • Figure 14 shows the various components of a bearing load detection system in accordance with the present invention.
  • 1 bearing load detecting device 1 outer ring; 3 rolling elements; 4 inner ring; 5 axis box; 6 axis;
  • the bearing load detecting device 1 has a plurality of pressure sensors having a sheet-shaped pressure sensing element 10 and wires (not shown) corresponding to the pressure sensing elements 10, respectively, for each pressure
  • the sensing elements 10 each have their own respective wires.
  • the pressure sensing element 10 is disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the outer ring 2 of the bearing for detecting the load received by the outer circumferential surface, and the plurality of pressure sensing elements 10 may be disposed on the inner circumference of the inner ring 4 of the bearing. In this way, the bearing load detecting device 1 can detect the load at a plurality of points on the inner circumferential surface of the inner ring 4 of the bearing.
  • the plurality of pressure sensing elements 10 are piezoelectric ceramic elements which are fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the bearing outer ring 2 by, for example, bonding.
  • a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic elements are circumferentially distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the outer ring 2 of the bearing, and each piezoelectric ceramic element can individually detect the dynamic load at the measuring point.
  • the outer ring 2 of the bearing is kept stationary, and the piezoelectric ceramic element is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring 2, and the outer peripheral surface is engaged with the bearing housing. Since each piezoelectric ceramic component can be independently tested and subjected to signal acquisition, each piezoelectric ceramic component requires structural design, parameter calculation, and test circuit design.
  • the general parameters mainly include: 1.
  • the geometrical dimensions of the piezoelectric ceramic components need to ensure that the sensor can meet the pressure requirements of the application conditions. 2.
  • the plurality of pressure sensing elements 10 can be a one-way force sensor or a two-way force sensor.
  • the bearing load detecting device 1 of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 has only one row of pressure sensing elements 10 in the axial direction of the bearing, which is suitable for single row bearings.
  • the pressure sensing element 10 does not have to extend over the entire axial length of the bearing as shown.
  • Two or more columns of pressure sensing elements 10 are typically provided for double or multi-row bearings, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a bearing assembly in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a plurality of columns (here, exemplarily 5 columns) of pressure sensing elements 10 are provided in the axial direction of the bearing for detecting loads at a plurality of points in the axial direction.
  • This embodiment can be used for bearings having a single row of rolling bodies, as well as bearings having a plurality of rows of rolling bodies in the axial direction.
  • n (n ⁇ 2) column pressure sensing elements can be provided, each column having m (m ⁇ 1) pressure sensing elements. The larger the value of n and m, the more the load can be detected.
  • Figure 3 shows an axial section of the bearing assembly, the bearing shown here being a tapered roller bearing.
  • the various forces detected by the plurality of pressure sensing elements 10 are schematically shown, and the force analysis calculation is performed according to the method further explained below, thereby obtaining radial loads F rj and bending of a plurality of points on the outer circumferential surface of the bearing.
  • FIG 4 shows a perspective view of a bearing load detecting device 1 according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which a ring member 11 is provided on both the radially inner side and the radially outer side of the plurality of pressure sensing elements 10 for fixing Pressure sensing element 10. It is also possible to provide the annular part only on the radially inner side or only on the radially outer side. The radially inner annular part can also be formed by the outer ring of the bearing.
  • the pressure sensing element can be embedded in the ring member 11 for ease of use and installation. When using this structure, the bearing and housing can be used without any other changes while ensuring normal fit. The pressure sensing element can be well protected by the annular member 11 to increase the reliability of the sensor use.
  • the working principle of the bearing load detecting device will be described below by taking a piezoelectric ceramic component as an example.
  • Figure 5 shows the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics.
  • the external force to be measured can be converted into an electrical signal based on the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic element.
  • the piezoelectric material is linearly related to the amount of charge Q generated by the pressure:
  • d is the piezoelectric coefficient of the piezoelectric ceramic component
  • F is the external load to which the piezoelectric ceramic component is subjected.
  • the dynamic load signal measured by the piezoelectric ceramic component requires a certain mechanical calculation to obtain the dynamic radial load and torque required for engineering calculation.
  • the obtained results can be used for bearing state evaluation and bearing life calculation.
  • the specific calculation method is as follows:
  • the piezoelectric ceramic components are loaded as:
  • F max is inversely pushed by a plurality of measured values F i and then averaged to obtain a final result. According to the load value of each piezoelectric ceramic component, it can be obtained:
  • k is the total number of piezoelectric ceramic elements in the circumferential direction, and the resultant force direction is the direction of F max .
  • the radial load is obtained according to the aforementioned method (formula (4)). As shown in Fig. 7, at a certain moment, the radial load of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is generally decomposed into vertical vertical force F y and longitudinal force F x , which can be obtained:
  • the direction of the vertical force is opposite to the direction of gravity.
  • the bearing surface can be simultaneously measured at the same angle as the vertical force.
  • the radial load of at least two points (O 1 , O 2 ) can be obtained by the same method (Equation (5), Eq. (6)) for the decomposition forces F y1 , F x1 , F y2 of the two radial loads.
  • F x2 where F y1 , F x1 represent the vertical force and the longitudinal force of the first radial load, and F y2 , F x2 represent the vertical force and the longitudinal force of the second radial load, as shown in FIG.
  • the bending moments around the center of symmetry are:
  • lO12 is a distance from O 1 to O 2 .
  • the combined torque around the center is:
  • l aj is the axial distance from the axial center of the bearing to the jth load F rj .
  • the design can measure the radial load of multiple axial planes of the bearing, and multiple bending moments can obtain the radial load and bending moment of the bearing more finely, and the result is more comprehensive and reliable.
  • the above piezoelectric ceramic elements are generally used to detect dynamic fluctuations in bearing loads and can be applied under conditions where static loads are known.
  • static loads are known.
  • the bearing static load is unknown, consider using a silicon piezoresistive unit to detect the static load of the bearing.
  • the two units can be combined to obtain a more accurate bearing external load. Therefore, the bearing load detecting device according to the present invention can detect dynamic radial load and dynamic bending moment during use of the bearing.
  • Figure 9 shows an axial cross-sectional view of a bearing assembly in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a plurality of pressure sensing elements 10 are fixed at both axial ends of the outer ring 2 of the double row tapered roller bearing capable of withstanding biaxial axial loads, thereby detecting bidirectional axial loads.
  • the axle box 5 and the shaft 6 are also shown in this figure.
  • such a bearing load detecting device according to the present invention is applicable to other bearings that can withstand axial loads: for example, angular contact ball bearings, tapered roller bearings, thrust ball bearings, and thrust roller bearings.
  • two sets of pressure sensing elements are designed at both ends of the outer ring of the bearing.
  • Each group consists of Z piezoelectric ceramic components, typically an even number, to facilitate signal processing of the measured data. Under the conditions that the processing technology can meet, as many sensor units as possible can be arranged to improve the measurement accuracy.
  • the contact force at one end of the outer ring of the bearing is measured.
  • the contact load of a single pressure sensing element can be obtained in any axial plane AA as shown in Fig.
  • the total axial force experienced by the bearing center is:
  • d au is the diameter of the contact point of the ceramic piece in the axial plane of the bearing.
  • a plurality of pressure sensing elements 10 may be provided only on one axial end face of the bearing outer ring 2. At this time, the resultant force in the axial direction of the AA plane is:
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view showing a bearing load detecting device according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which an annular member is provided on both axial sides of the pressure sensing element for fixing the pressure sensing element.
  • the bearing and housing can be used without any other changes while ensuring normal fit.
  • the pressure sensing element can be well protected to increase the reliability of the sensor.
  • Figure 14 shows the various components of a bearing load detection system in accordance with the present invention, namely, a bearing load detecting device, a signal amplifying and collecting device, and a signal processing device.
  • the bearing load detection system may be a bearing radial load detection system or a bearing axial load detection system. Since the internal resistance of the piezoelectric sheet is high and the original electrical signal generated during the loading is weak, it is preferable that the external amplifying circuit amplifies the signal output from the pressure sensing element.
  • the inspection system and wiring can be designed according to the specific bearing and its installation conditions.
  • the signals detected by the sensors are generally further used by signal acquisition and signal processing, and conventional signal acquisition and processing systems can be applied to the bearing load detection system according to the present invention.
  • the pressure sensing element may be provided at at least two of the outer circumferential surface of the outer ring, the inner circumferential inner circumferential surface, the outer circumferential end surface, and the inner circumferential end surface of the bearing at the same time.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un ensemble palier, comprenant un palier et un dispositif de détection de charge de palier (1) ; le dispositif de détection de charge de palier (1) est pourvu d'une pluralité de capteurs de pression, et les capteurs de pression sont dotés d'éléments de détection de pression en forme de feuille (10) et de fils correspondant respectivement aux éléments de détection de pression (10) ; une pluralité d'éléments de détection de pression (10) sont disposés le long d'une surface du palier, étant utilisés pour détecter les charges de points multiples sur une surface du palier, au plus un élément de détection de pression (10) étant disposé à un point quelconque sur la surface du palier. La présente invention porte également sur un système de détection de charge de palier. Le dispositif de détection de charge de palier selon la présente invention ne nécessite pas l'endommagement d'une structure de palier et peut assurer la fiabilité de la détection de charge et la précision des résultats.
PCT/CN2018/079896 2018-03-21 2018-03-21 Ensemble palier et système de détection de charge de palier WO2019178784A1 (fr)

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PCT/CN2018/079896 WO2019178784A1 (fr) 2018-03-21 2018-03-21 Ensemble palier et système de détection de charge de palier

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PCT/CN2018/079896 WO2019178784A1 (fr) 2018-03-21 2018-03-21 Ensemble palier et système de détection de charge de palier

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1488072A (zh) * 2000-11-30 2004-04-07 SKF�����о����Ĺ�˾ 用于测量径向力和/或轴向力的测量设备
CN101675343A (zh) * 2007-03-12 2010-03-17 Skf公司 带有传感器的轴承单元
EP2362200A1 (fr) * 2010-02-25 2011-08-31 Bernd Futterer Unternehmensberatung GmbH Douille de mesure de force ainsi que de dispositif de mesure de force
CN102265046A (zh) * 2008-12-22 2011-11-30 Skf公司 传感器化的轴承单元
EP2527809A1 (fr) * 2011-05-27 2012-11-28 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Dispositif de détection
CN204025326U (zh) * 2014-08-29 2014-12-17 山东天泽轴承有限公司 一种嵌入受力与振动检测和发送模块的超低音深沟球轴承

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1488072A (zh) * 2000-11-30 2004-04-07 SKF�����о����Ĺ�˾ 用于测量径向力和/或轴向力的测量设备
CN101675343A (zh) * 2007-03-12 2010-03-17 Skf公司 带有传感器的轴承单元
CN102265046A (zh) * 2008-12-22 2011-11-30 Skf公司 传感器化的轴承单元
EP2362200A1 (fr) * 2010-02-25 2011-08-31 Bernd Futterer Unternehmensberatung GmbH Douille de mesure de force ainsi que de dispositif de mesure de force
EP2527809A1 (fr) * 2011-05-27 2012-11-28 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Dispositif de détection
CN204025326U (zh) * 2014-08-29 2014-12-17 山东天泽轴承有限公司 一种嵌入受力与振动检测和发送模块的超低音深沟球轴承

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