WO2019177144A1 - Antenna unit, window glass equipped with antenna unit, and matching body - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is an antenna unit to be used while attached to window glass of a building, wherein: the antenna unit is provided with an emission element, a waveguide member positioned on an outdoor side relative to the emission element, and a conductor positioned on an indoor side relative to the emission element; and a is (2.11 × ε_r - 1.82) mm or higher, where a is the distance between the emission element and the waveguide member, and ε_r is the dielectric constant of a transmission medium composed of an electroconductive member between the emission element and the waveguide member.

Description

Antenna unit, window glass with antenna unit and matching body

The present invention relates to an antenna unit, a window glass with an antenna unit, and a matching body.

Conventionally, a technique for improving radio wave transmission performance by using a radio wave transmission body having a three-layer structure covering an antenna as a building finishing material is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP-A-6-196915

∙ Planar antennas such as microstrip antennas radiate radio waves strongly in the front direction. However, as shown in FIG. 1, when the window glass 200 having a relatively high relative dielectric constant is in front (front direction) of the planar antenna 100, radio waves are reflected at the interface of the window glass 200. The radiation to the rear of 100 increases. As a result, the FB ratio (Front Back ratio) of the planar antenna 100 may decrease. The FB ratio represents a gain ratio between the main lobe and the side lobe having the largest gain within a range of ± 60 ° with respect to the direction opposite to the main lobe by 180 °.

Therefore, the present disclosure provides an antenna unit, a window glass with an antenna unit, and a matching body with an improved FB ratio.

In one aspect of the present disclosure,
An antenna unit used by being attached to a window glass for buildings,
A radiating element;
A waveguide member located on the outdoor side with respect to the radiating element;
A conductor located on the indoor side with respect to the radiating element,
When the distance between the radiating element and the waveguide member is a, and the relative dielectric constant of a medium made of a dielectric member between the radiating element and the waveguide member is ε _r ,
An antenna unit is provided in which a is (2.11 × ε _r −1.82) mm or more. Moreover, the window glass with an antenna unit provided with the said antenna unit is provided.

In another aspect of the disclosure,
An antenna unit used by being attached to a window glass for buildings,
A radiating element;
A waveguide member located on the outdoor side with respect to the radiating element;
A conductor located on the indoor side with respect to the radiating element,
Having a medium between the radiating element and the waveguide member;
The medium includes a space;
An antenna unit is provided in which a distance a between the radiating element and the waveguide member is 2.1 mm or more. Moreover, the window glass with an antenna unit provided with the said antenna unit is provided.

In another aspect of the disclosure,
An antenna unit used by being attached to a window glass for buildings,
A radiating element;
A waveguide member located on the outdoor side with respect to the radiating element;
A conductor located on the indoor side with respect to the radiating element,
When the distance between the radiating element and the waveguide member is a, the relative dielectric constant of the medium between the radiating element and the waveguide member is ε _r , and the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element is λg ,
An antenna unit is provided in which a is (0.031 × ε _r ² −0.065 × ε _r +0.040) × λg or more. Moreover, the window glass with an antenna unit provided with the said antenna unit is provided.

In another aspect of the disclosure,
An antenna unit used by being attached to a window glass for buildings,
A radiating element positioned so as to sandwich an alignment member between the window glass,
A conductor positioned so as to sandwich the radiating element between the alignment member,
.Epsilon.r 1 The dielectric constant of the window _glass, the relative dielectric constant of epsilon _{r 2} of said alignment member, when the relative dielectric constant epsilon _{r 3} of medium between the alignment member and the radiating element,
An antenna unit is provided wherein ε _r 1 is greater than ε _r 2 and ε _r 2 is greater than ε _r 3. Moreover, the window glass with an antenna unit provided with the said antenna unit is provided.

In yet another aspect of the present disclosure,
An antenna unit used by being attached to a window glass for buildings,
A radiating element positioned so as to sandwich an alignment member between the window glass,
A conductor positioned so as to sandwich the radiating element between the alignment member,
When the distance between the window glass and the radiating element is e, and the relative permittivity of the matching member is ε _r 2,
An antenna unit is provided, wherein e is (−0.57 × ε _r 2 + 30.1) mm or more. Moreover, the window glass with an antenna unit provided with the said antenna unit is provided.

In yet another aspect of the present disclosure,
An antenna unit used by being attached to a window glass for buildings,
A radiating element positioned so as to sandwich an alignment member between the window glass,
A conductor positioned so as to sandwich the radiating element between the alignment member,
When the distance between the window glass and the radiating element is e, the relative permittivity of the matching member is ε _r 2, and the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element is λg,
An antenna unit is provided, wherein e is (−0.002 × ε _r 2 ² + 0.0849 × ε _r 2 +0.2767) × λg or more. Moreover, the window glass with an antenna unit provided with the said antenna unit is provided.

In yet another aspect of the present disclosure,
An alignment body used by being sandwiched between a window glass for a building and an antenna unit,
The relative permittivity of the window glass is ε _r 1, the relative permittivity of the matching body is ε _r 2, and the relative permittivity of the medium between the matching body and the radiation element included in the antenna unit is ε _r 3. When
A matching body is provided where ε _r 1 is greater than ε _r 2 and ε _r 2 is greater than ε _r 3.

In yet another aspect of the present disclosure,
An alignment body used by being sandwiched between a window glass for a building and an antenna unit,
When the distance between the window glass and the radiating element included in the antenna unit is e, and the relative permittivity of the matching body is ε _r 2,
An alignment body is provided wherein e is (−0.57 × ε _r 2 + 30.1) mm or more.

In yet another aspect of the present disclosure,
An alignment body used by being sandwiched between a window glass for a building and an antenna unit,
When the distance between the window glass and the radiating element included in the antenna unit is e, the relative permittivity of the matching body is ε _r 2, and the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element is λg,
An alignment body is provided, wherein e is (−0.002 × ε _r 2 ² + 0.0849 × ε _r 2 +0.2767) × λg or more.

According to the present disclosure, the FB ratio can be improved.

It is a figure which shows typically the case where a window glass exists in the front direction of a planar antenna. It is sectional drawing which shows typically an example of the laminated structure of the window glass with an antenna unit in 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows typically an example of the laminated structure of the window glass with an antenna unit in 2nd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows typically an example of the laminated structure of the window glass with an antenna unit in 3rd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows typically an example of the laminated structure of the window glass with an antenna unit in 4th Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows typically an example of the laminated structure of the window glass with an antenna unit in 5th Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows typically an example of the laminated structure of the window glass with an antenna unit in 6th Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows typically an example of the laminated structure of the window glass with an antenna unit in 7th Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows typically an example of the laminated structure of the window glass with an antenna unit in 8th Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows one specific example of a structure of the antenna unit in this embodiment. In the antenna unit shown in FIG. 10, it is a figure which shows the relationship between the distance a between a radiation element and a waveguide member, and the dielectric constant (epsilon) _r of the medium between a radiation element and a waveguide member. In the antenna unit shown in FIG. 10, it is a figure which shows the relationship between the distance e between a radiation element and a window glass, and the dielectric constant (epsilon) _r of a matching body. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between the distance a between a radiation element and a waveguide member, and FB ratio in the window glass with an antenna unit in which the waveguide member was provided in the outdoor side of the dielectric material member. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between the distance a between a radiation element and a waveguide member, and FB ratio in the window glass with an antenna unit in which the waveguide member was provided in the indoor side of the dielectric material member. FIG. 6 is a diagram (part 1) illustrating an example of a relationship between a distance a between a radiating element and a waveguide member and an FB ratio in a window glass with an antenna unit in which a waveguide member is provided on the outdoor side of a dielectric member; . FIG. 6 is a diagram (part 2) illustrating an example of a relationship between the distance a between the radiating element and the waveguide member and the FB ratio in the window glass with an antenna unit in which the waveguide member is provided on the outdoor side of the dielectric member. . FIG. 6 is a diagram (part 1) illustrating an example of a relationship between a distance a between a radiating element and a waveguide member and an FB ratio in a window glass with an antenna unit in which a waveguide member is provided on the indoor side of a dielectric member; . FIG. 6 is a diagram (part 2) illustrating an example of a relationship between the distance a between the radiating element and the waveguide member and the FB ratio in the window glass with an antenna unit in which the waveguide member is provided on the indoor side of the dielectric member. . In the antenna unit shown in FIG. 10, the relationship between the distance a between the radiating element and the waveguide member (normalized by λg) and the relative dielectric constant ε _r of the medium between the radiating element and the waveguide member is FIG. In the antenna unit shown in FIG. 10, it is a figure which shows the relationship between the distance e (normalized with (lambda) g) between a radiation element and a window glass, and the relative dielectric constant (epsilon) _r of a matching body. It is a top view which shows the structural example of the several radiation element contained in the antenna unit in this embodiment. It is a top view which shows the structural example of the waveguide member and dielectric material member which are contained in the antenna unit in this embodiment. It is a top view which shows the structural example of the waveguide member contained in the antenna unit in this embodiment. The relationship between a and D from which the effect of a waveguide member is obtained is shown. The relationship between a and D from which the effect of a waveguide member is obtained is shown. The relationship between a and D from which the effect of a waveguide member is obtained is shown. The relationship between a and D from which the effect of a waveguide member is obtained is shown. The relationship between a and D at which the antenna gain is 8 dBi or more is shown. The relationship between a and D at which the antenna gain is 8 dBi or more is shown. The relationship between a and D at which the antenna gain is 8 dBi or more is shown. The relationship between a and D at which the antenna gain is 8 dBi or more is shown.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction represent a direction parallel to the X-axis, a direction parallel to the Y-axis, and a direction parallel to the Z-axis, respectively. The X axis direction, the Y axis direction, and the Z axis direction are orthogonal to each other. The XY plane, YZ plane, and ZX plane are a virtual plane parallel to the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, a virtual plane parallel to the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, and a virtual plane parallel to the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction, respectively. Represents.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a laminated structure of the window glass with an antenna unit in the first embodiment. The window glass 301 with an antenna unit includes an antenna unit 101 and a window glass 201. The antenna unit 101 is attached to the indoor surface of the window glass 201 for buildings.

The antenna unit 101 is a device used by being installed on the indoor side of the window glass 201 for buildings. The antenna unit 101 is formed to be compatible with, for example, a wireless communication standard such as a fifth generation mobile communication system (so-called 5G), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) standard such as IEEE 802.11ac. Yes. The antenna unit 101 may be formed so as to be compatible with other standards.

The antenna unit 101 includes at least a radiating element 10, a waveguide member 20, and a conductor 30.

The radiating element 10 is an antenna conductor formed so as to be able to transmit and receive radio waves in a desired frequency band. Examples of the desired frequency band include an SHF (Super High Frequency) band with a frequency of 3 to 30 GHz, an EHF (Extremely High High Frequency) with a frequency of 30 to 300 GHz, and the like. The radiating element 10 functions as a radiator (radiator).

The waveguide member 20 is provided on the outdoor side with respect to the radiating element 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the waveguide member 20 is in a specific direction (more specifically, negative in the Y-axis direction) with respect to the radiating element 10. Side). The waveguide member 20 in the present embodiment is provided so as to be positioned between the window glass 201 and the radiating element 10, and is radiated from the radiating element 10 in the same manner as the waveguide member used in the Yagi-Uda antenna. It has a function of guiding the received radio wave in a specific direction (in the illustrated case, the negative side in the Y-axis direction). That is, the directivity of the antenna unit 101 can be arbitrarily formed by the waveguide member 20.

The conductor 30 is provided so as to be located indoors with respect to the radiating element 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the conductor 30 is provided so as to be located on the positive side in the Y-axis direction with respect to the radiating element 10.

Thus, since the waveguide unit 20 is disposed between the window glass 201 and the radiating element 10 in the antenna unit 101, the radio wave radiated from the radiating element 10 toward the window glass 201 is guided to the waveguide member 20. Therefore, the reflection of radio waves at the interface of the window glass 201 can be suppressed, and the FB ratio is improved.

Further, when the distance between the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member 20 is a, and the relative dielectric constant of the medium composed of the dielectric member 41 between the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member 20 is ε _r , a is , (2.11 × ε _r −1.82) mm or more is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the FB ratio. The present inventor has found that the FB ratio becomes 0 dB or more by setting the distance a in this way. An FB ratio of 0 dB or more means that the gain of the main lobe is equal to or larger than the gain of the side lobe having the largest gain within a range of ± 60 ° with respect to the direction opposite to the main lobe by 180 °. It represents that the maximum radiation direction in the directivity of the radiation element 10 is directed to the outdoor side. Although the upper limit of a is not specifically limited, a may be 100 mm or less, may be 50 mm or less, may be 30 mm or less, may be 20 mm or less, and may be 10 mm or less. If the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element 10 is λg, a may be 100 × λg / 85.7 or less, 50 × λg / 85.7 or less, and 30 × λg / 85.7. Or may be 20 × λg / 85.7 or less, and may be 10 × λg / 85.7 or less.

The operating frequency of the radiating element 10 is 0.7 to 30 GHz (preferably 1.5 to 6.0 GHz, more preferably 2.5 to 4.5 GHz, still more preferably 3.3 to 3.7 GHz, particularly preferably 3. In the case of 5 GHz), a is particularly preferably (2.11 × ε _r −1.82) mm or more from the viewpoint of improving the FB ratio.

The value obtained by dividing the area of the waveguide member 20 by the area of the window glass 201 is preferably 0.00001 to 0.001. When the value obtained by dividing the area of the waveguide member 20 by the area of the window glass 201 is 0.00001 or more, the FB ratio is improved. The value obtained by dividing the area of the waveguide member 20 by the area of the window glass 201 is more preferably 0.00005 or more, further preferably 0.0001 or more, and particularly preferably 0.0005 or more. Moreover, if the value which remove | divided the area of the waveguide member 20 by the area of the window glass 201 is 0.001 or less, the waveguide member 20 is not conspicuous and the design property is good. The value obtained by dividing the area of the waveguide member 20 by the area of the window glass 201 is more preferably 0.0008 or less, and further preferably 0.0007 or less.

Next, the configuration including the waveguide member 20 will be described in more detail.

The antenna unit 101 includes a radiating element 10, a waveguide member 20, a conductor 30, a dielectric member 41, a dielectric member 50, and a support portion 60.

The radiating element 10 is, for example, a conductor formed in a planar shape. The radiating element 10 is Au (gold), Ag (silver), Cu (copper), Al (aluminum), Cr (chromium), Pd (lead), Zn (zinc), Ni (nickel), or Pt (platinum). It is made of a conductive material such as. The conductive material may be an alloy such as an alloy of copper and zinc (brass), an alloy of silver and copper, and an alloy of silver and aluminum. The radiating element 10 may be a thin film. The shape of the radiating element 10 may be rectangular or circular, but is not limited to these shapes. For example, at least one radiating element 10 is provided so as to be positioned between the waveguide member 20 and the conductor 30. In the illustrated embodiment, the dielectric element 10 is positioned between the waveguide member 20 and the conductor 30. It is formed on the surface of the body member 50 on the waveguide member 20 side. The radiating element 10 is fed by, for example, a feeding point with the conductor 30 as a ground reference. As the radiating element 10, for example, a patch element or a dipole element can be used.

The waveguide member 20 is a conductor formed in a planar shape, for example. The waveguide member 20 is made of Au (gold), Ag (silver), Cu (copper), Al (aluminum), Cr (chromium), Pd (lead), Zn (zinc), Ni (nickel), or Pt (platinum). ) Or the like. The conductive material may be an alloy such as an alloy of copper and zinc (brass), an alloy of silver and copper, and an alloy of silver and aluminum. The waveguide member 20 may be formed by attaching a conductive material to, for example, a glass substrate or a resin substrate. The waveguide member 20 may be a thin film. *

The conductor used for the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member 20 may be formed in a mesh shape in order to have optical transparency. Here, the mesh means a state in which a mesh-like through hole is formed in the plane of the conductor. *

When the conductor is formed in a mesh shape, the mesh eye may be square or rhombus. When the mesh eyes are formed in a square shape, the mesh eyes are preferably square. If the mesh eyes are square, the design is good. Moreover, the random shape by a self-organization method may be sufficient. Moire can be prevented by using a random shape. The line width of the mesh is preferably 5 to 30 μm, more preferably 6 to 15 μm. The mesh line interval is preferably 50 to 500 μm, more preferably 100 to 300 μm. The mesh line spacing is preferably 0.5λ or less, more preferably 0.1λ or less, and 0.01λ or less, where λ is the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element 10. Is more preferable. If the mesh line spacing is 0.5λ or less, the antenna performance is high. Further, the line spacing of the mesh may be 0.001λ or more.

The conductor 30 is, for example, a conductor plane formed in a planar shape. The shape of the radiating element 10 may be rectangular or circular, but is not limited to these shapes. For example, at least one conductor 30 is provided on the side opposite to the side where the waveguide member 20 is located with respect to the radiating element 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the conductor 30 is provided on the waveguide member 20 side. It is formed on the surface opposite to the surface.

The dielectric member 50 is, for example, a dielectric substrate whose main component is a dielectric. The dielectric member 50 may be a member (for example, a film) having a form different from that of the substrate. Specific examples of the dielectric member 50 include a glass substrate, acrylic, polycarbonate, PVB (polyvinyl butyral), COP (cycloolefin polymer), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), polyimide, ceramics, and sapphire. When the dielectric member 50 is formed of a glass substrate, examples of the material of the glass substrate include non-alkali glass, quartz glass, soda lime glass, borosilicate glass, alkali borosilicate glass, and aluminosilicate glass. Can do.

The antenna unit 101 in this embodiment has a configuration in which a dielectric member 50 is sandwiched between the radiating element 10 and the conductor 30 so that a microstrip antenna, which is a kind of planar antenna, is formed. Further, the plurality of radiating elements 10 may be arranged on the surface of the dielectric member 50 on the waveguide member 20 side so that an array antenna is formed.

The dielectric member 41 is a medium between the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member 20. In the present embodiment, the waveguide member 20 is provided on the dielectric member 41, and more specifically, is formed on the surface of the dielectric member 41 on the outdoor side. The dielectric member 41 is supported with respect to the dielectric member 50 so that the surface on the indoor side of the dielectric member 41 contacts the radiating element 10. The dielectric member 41 is, for example, a dielectric group whose main component is a dielectric having a relative dielectric constant greater than 1 and 15 or less (preferably 7 or less, more preferably 5 or less, particularly preferably 2.2 or less). It is a material. As the dielectric member 41, for example, a fluororesin, COC (cycloolefin copolymer), COP (cycloolefin polymer), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), polyimide, ceramics, sapphire, or a glass substrate can be used. When the dielectric member 41 is formed of a glass substrate, examples of the material of the glass substrate include non-alkali glass, quartz glass, soda lime glass, borosilicate glass, alkali borosilicate glass, and aluminosilicate glass. Can do. The relative dielectric constant is measured by, for example, a cavity resonator.

The support part 60 is a part that supports the antenna unit 101 with respect to the window glass 201. In the present embodiment, the support unit 60 supports the antenna unit 101 so that a space is formed between the window glass 201 and the waveguide member 20. The support unit 60 may be a spacer that secures a space between the window glass 201 and the dielectric member 50, or may be a housing of the antenna unit 101. The support part 60 is formed of a dielectric base material. As a material of the support part 60, for example, a known resin such as a silicone resin, a polysulfide resin, or an acrylic resin can be used. Further, a metal such as aluminum may be used.

The distance D between the window glass 201 and the radiating element 10 is preferably 0 to 3λ, where λ is the wavelength at the resonance frequency of the radiating element 10. If the distance D between the window glass 201 and the radiating element 10 is 0 to 3λ, reflection of radio waves at the glass interface can be reduced. The distance D between the window glass 201 and the radiating element 10 is more preferably 0.1λ or more, and further preferably 0.2λ or more. The distance D between the window glass 201 and the radiating element 10 is more preferably 2λ or less, further preferably λ or less, and particularly preferably 0.6λ or less.

The value obtained by dividing the area of the waveguide member 20 by the area of the dielectric member 50 is preferably 0.0001 to 0.01. If the value obtained by dividing the area of the waveguide member 20 by the area of the dielectric member 50 is 0.0001 or more, the FB ratio is improved. The value obtained by dividing the area of the waveguide member 20 by the area of the dielectric member 50 is more preferably 0.0005 or more, further preferably 0.001 or more, and particularly preferably 0.0013 or more. In addition, if the value obtained by dividing the area of the waveguide member 20 by the area of the dielectric member 50 is 0.01 or less, the waveguide member 20 is less noticeable and has good design. The value obtained by dividing the area of the waveguide member 20 by the area of the dielectric member 50 is more preferably 0.005 or less, and further preferably 0.002 or less.

The waveguide member 20 may be provided in contact with the indoor side surface of the window glass 201. In this case, the dielectric member 41 may or may not be present, and the relative dielectric constant of the medium between the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member 20 is preferably lower than the relative dielectric constant of the window glass 201. The relative dielectric constant of the window glass 201 may be 10 or less, 9 or less, 7 or less, or 5 or less.

Further, the window glass 201 is not limited to a single layer glass (single glass plate), and may be a double layer glass or a laminated glass.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a laminated configuration of the window glass with an antenna unit in the second embodiment. Descriptions of configurations and effects similar to those of the above-described embodiment are omitted or simplified by using the above description. The window glass 302 with the antenna unit includes the antenna unit 102 and the window glass 201. The antenna unit 102 is attached to the indoor surface of the window glass 201 for buildings.

As in the above-described embodiment, since the waveguide member 20 is disposed between the window glass 201 and the radiating element 10 in the antenna unit 102, the FB ratio is improved.

In the antenna unit 102, the dielectric member 41 is supported by the spacer 61 with respect to the dielectric member 50 so that the surface on the indoor side of the dielectric member 41 does not contact the radiating element 10. That is, the dielectric member 41 is positioned such that a space 42 is formed between the dielectric element 41 and the medium between the radiation element 10 and the waveguide member 20. Both are included. Although air exists in the space 42, a gas other than air may be used. The space 42 may be a vacuum. Since the radiating element 10 is not in contact with the dielectric member 41, the resonance frequency is hardly affected by the dielectric member 41, and the FB ratio is improved.

Since the antenna unit 102 is positioned such that the space 42 is formed between the dielectric member 41 and the radiating element 10, a is preferably 2.1 mm or more from the viewpoint of improving the FB ratio. The distance a is determined by the effective relative permittivity of the dielectric member 41 and the space 42. The inventor has found that when the dielectric member 41 is positioned so that the space 42 is formed between the dielectric member 41 and the radiating element 10, the FB ratio becomes 0 dB or more by setting the distance a in this way. It was.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the laminated configuration of the window glass with an antenna unit in the third embodiment. Descriptions of configurations and effects similar to those of the above-described embodiment are omitted or simplified by using the above description. The window glass 303 with an antenna unit includes an antenna unit 103 and a window glass 201. The antenna unit 103 is attached to the indoor surface of the window glass 201 for buildings.

As in the above-described embodiment, since the waveguide member 20 is disposed between the window glass 201 and the radiating element 10 in the antenna unit 103, the FB ratio is improved.

In the antenna unit 103, the dielectric member 41 is supported by the dielectric member 50 by the spacer 61 so that the waveguide member 20 formed on the indoor surface of the dielectric member 41 does not contact the radiating element 10. Yes. That is, the antenna unit 103 includes a dielectric member 41 that is an example of a dielectric that is located on the opposite side of the radiating element 10 from the waveguide member 20. The waveguide member 20 is located between the dielectric member 41 and the radiating element 10. The waveguide member 20 provided on the surface of the dielectric member 41 on the indoor side is positioned so that a space 42 is formed between the radiation element 10 and a medium between the radiation element 10 and the waveguide member 20. Includes only the space 42. Although air exists in the space 42, a gas other than air may be used. The space 42 may be a vacuum. Since the radiating element 10 is not in contact with the dielectric member 41 and the medium between the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member 20 is only the space 42, the resonance frequency is hardly affected by the dielectric member 41, and the FB ratio is improved. To do.

In the antenna unit 103, since the medium between the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member 20 includes only the space 42, a is 2.3 mm or more in terms of improving the FB ratio. preferable. The present inventor has found that when the medium between the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member 20 includes only the space 42, the FB ratio becomes 0 dB or more by setting the distance a in this way. It was.

Although the dielectric member 41 is supported by the spacer 61 with respect to the dielectric member 50, the dielectric member 41 may be supported by the support portion 60. Further, the dielectric member 41 may not be provided, and only a space may be provided between the waveguide member 20 and the window glass 201. When the space between the waveguide member 20 and the window glass 201 is only a space, the waveguide member 20 is supported by the support portion 60 or the spacer 61, for example.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a laminated structure of the window glass with an antenna unit in the fourth embodiment. Descriptions of configurations and effects similar to those of the above-described embodiment are omitted or simplified by using the above description. The window glass 304 with the antenna unit includes the antenna unit 104 and the window glass 201. The antenna unit 104 is attached to the indoor surface of the window glass 201 for buildings.

As in the above-described embodiment, the antenna unit 104 has the waveguide member 20 disposed between the window glass 201 and the radiating element 10, so that the FB ratio is improved.

In the antenna unit 104, the waveguide member 20 is formed on the support wall on the window glass 201 side of the support portion 60 so as not to contact the radiating element 10, and is formed on the inner wall surface facing the indoor side of the support wall. ing. That is, the antenna unit 104 includes a support portion 60 (support wall thereof) that is an example of a dielectric that is located on the opposite side of the radiating element 10 with respect to the waveguide member 20. The waveguide member 20 is located between the support wall and the radiating element 10. The waveguide member 20 provided on the support wall of the support unit 60 is positioned such that a space 42 is formed between the radiating element 10 and the medium between the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member 20 includes a space. Only 42 is included. Although air exists in the space 42, a gas other than air may be used. The space 42 may be a vacuum. Since the medium between the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member 20 is only the space 42, the FB ratio is improved.

In the antenna unit 104, since only the space 42 is included in the medium between the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member 20, a is 2.3 mm or more in terms of improving the FB ratio. preferable.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the laminated structure of the window glass with an antenna unit in the fifth embodiment. Descriptions of configurations and effects similar to those of the above-described embodiment are omitted or simplified by using the above description. The window glass 305 with an antenna unit includes an antenna unit 105 and a window glass 201. The antenna unit 105 is attached to the outdoor surface of the building window glass 201.

The antenna unit 105 has the same stacked structure as the antenna unit 101 (see FIG. 2). However, the antenna unit 105 is different from the antenna unit 101 in that the radiating element 10 is provided between the window glass 201 and the waveguide member 20.

As described above, the antenna unit 105 has the waveguide member 20 disposed on the opposite side (that is, on the outdoor side) with respect to the window glass 201 located on the indoor side with respect to the radiating element 10. The radio wave radiated from the outdoor side to the outdoor side can be narrowed by the waveguide member 20, and reflection of the radio wave at the interface of the window glass 201 located on the indoor side with respect to the radiating element 10 can be suppressed. The ratio is improved. As a result, the gain of radio waves incident in the normal direction with respect to the surface of the window glass 201 is increased, and reflection toward the rear (indoor side) of the radiating element 10 is reduced, so that the FB ratio is improved. Further, a is preferably (2.11 × ε _r −1.82) mm or more from the viewpoint of improving the FB ratio.

The antenna unit attached to the outdoor side of the window glass 201 is not limited to the antenna unit 105 in FIG. For example, an antenna unit having the same stacked configuration as the antenna unit 102 in FIG. 3, the antenna unit 103 in FIG. 4, or the antenna unit 104 in FIG. 5 may be attached to the outdoor side of the window glass 201.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a laminated configuration of the window glass with an antenna unit according to the sixth embodiment. Descriptions of configurations and effects similar to those of the above-described embodiment are omitted or simplified by using the above description. The window glass 401 with an antenna unit includes an antenna unit 501 and a window glass 201. The antenna unit 501 is attached to the indoor surface of the window glass 201 for buildings.

The antenna unit 501 includes a radiating element 10 positioned so as to sandwich the matching member 70 with the window glass 201, and a conductor 30 positioned so as to sandwich the radiating element 10 between the matching member 70.

The matching member 70 is an example of a matching body that matches a deviation in impedance between the window glass 201 and a medium existing between the radiating element 10 and the window glass 201. By matching the impedance deviation, radio waves radiated from the radiating element 10 toward the window glass 201 can be prevented from being reflected at the interface of the window glass 201, so that the FB ratio is improved.

Further, when the relative permittivity of the window glass 201 is ε _r 1, the relative permittivity of the matching member 70 is ε _r 2, and the relative permittivity of the medium between the matching member 70 and the radiating element 10 is ε _r 3, It is preferable that ε _r 1 is larger than ε _r 2 and ε _r 2 is larger than ε _r 3. Thereby, the radio wave radiated from the radiating element 10 passes through the medium between the matching member 70 and the radiating element 10, the matching member 70, and the window glass 201 in this order while suppressing reflection loss, thereby improving the FB ratio.

Further, when the distance between the window glass 201 and the radiating element 10 is e, and the relative permittivity of the matching member 70 is ε _r 2, e is (−0.57 × ε _r 2 +30.1) mm or more. It is preferable in terms of improving the FB ratio. The inventor has found that the FB ratio becomes 0 dB or more by setting the distance e in this way. Although the upper limit of e is not particularly limited, e may be 100 mm or less, 50 mm or less, 30 mm or less, 20 mm or less, or 10 mm or less. ε _r 2 may be 100 or less, 50 or less, or 20 or less.

Next, the configuration including the alignment member 70 will be described in more detail.

The alignment member 70 is provided on the window glass 201. In the present embodiment, the alignment member 70 is provided on the indoor surface of the window glass 201. The antenna unit 501 is attached to the indoor side surface of the window glass 201 via an alignment member 70.

The dielectric member 41 is an example of a medium between the matching member 70 and the radiating element 10. In the window glass 401 with the antenna unit, the dielectric member 41 is disposed between the matching member 70 and the radiating element 10, but it may not be in contact.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a laminated structure of the window glass with an antenna unit in the seventh embodiment. Descriptions of configurations and effects similar to those of the above-described embodiment are omitted or simplified by using the above description. The window glass with antenna unit 402 includes an antenna unit 502 and a window glass 201. The antenna unit 502 is attached to the indoor surface of the building window glass 201. The antenna unit 502 is different from the antenna unit 501 in that the medium between the matching member 70 and the radiating element 10 is the space 42. A gas such as air exists in the space 42. The space 42 may be a vacuum.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the laminated structure of the window glass with an antenna unit in the eighth embodiment. Descriptions of configurations and effects similar to those of the above-described embodiment are omitted or simplified by using the above description. The window glass 403 with an antenna unit includes an antenna unit 503 and a window glass 201. The antenna unit 503 is attached to the indoor surface of the window glass 201 for buildings.

The antenna unit 503 has the same stacked structure as the antenna unit 103 (see FIG. 4). That is, the antenna unit 503 is used by being attached to the window glass 201 so that the alignment member 70 is sandwiched between the window glass 201 and the waveguide member 20.

As in the above-described embodiment, a is preferably (2.11 × ε _r −1.82) mm or more from the viewpoint of improving the FB ratio. Further, when the relative permittivity of the window glass 201 is ε _r 1, the relative permittivity of the matching member 70 is ε _r 2, and the relative permittivity of the medium between the matching member 70 and the radiating element 10 is ε _r 3, From the viewpoint of improving the FB ratio, it is preferable that ε _r 1 is larger than ε _r 2 and ε _r 2 is larger than ε _r 3.

The antenna unit attached to the indoor side of the window glass 201 via the alignment member 70 is not limited to the antenna unit 503 in FIG. For example, the antenna unit having the same stacked configuration as the antenna unit 101 in FIG. 2, the antenna unit 102 in FIG. 3, or the antenna unit 104 in FIG. 5 may be attached to the indoor side of the window glass 201 via the matching member 70. .

Also, the window glass with an antenna unit shown in FIGS. 7 to 9 may be provided with a conductor between the alignment member 70 and the window glass 201. By providing a conductor between the matching member 70 and the window glass 201, the thickness of the matching member 70 can be reduced. The conductor provided between the matching member 70 and the window glass 201 is, for example, a frequency-selective surface (FSS: Frequency Selective) on which a mesh-like or slit-like pattern is formed so as to transmit radio waves having a predetermined frequency band. A conductive pattern having a surface). The conductor provided between the alignment member 70 and the window glass 201 may be a metasurface. There may be no conductor between the alignment member 70 and the window glass 201.

In addition, when the distance between the radiating element 10 and the conductor 30 is d and the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element 10 is λ _g , d is preferably λ _g / 4 or less from the viewpoint of improving the FB ratio.

The thickness of the window glass 201 is preferably 1.0 to 20 mm. If the thickness of the window glass 201 is 1.0 mm or more, it has sufficient strength for attaching the antenna unit. Moreover, if the thickness of the window glass 201 is 20 mm or less, the radio wave transmission performance is good. The thickness of the window glass 201 is more preferably 3.0 to 15 mm, and further preferably 9.0 to 13 mm.

The area of the dielectric member 50 is preferably 0.01 to 4 m ² . If the area of the dielectric member 50 is 0.01 m ² or more, it is easy to form the radiating element 10, the conductor 30, and the like. Moreover, if it is 4 m < ² > or less, an antenna unit is not conspicuous on the external appearance, and the design property is good. The area of the dielectric member 50 is more preferably 0.05 to 2 m ² .

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a specific example of the configuration of the antenna unit in the present embodiment. The radiating element 10 is fed by a feeding point 11. The waveguide member 20 is a plurality of (specifically, four) line-segment conductor elements arranged in parallel to each other.

FIG. 11 shows the distance a between the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member 20 and the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member in the simulation mode in which the antenna unit shown in FIG. 10 is attached to the window glass 201 as shown in FIG. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a relationship with a relative dielectric constant ε _r of a medium between 20 and 20; The broken line shown in FIG. 11 represents a regression curve with an FB ratio of 0 dB. When a is (2.11 × ε _r −1.82) mm or more, the FB ratio is 0 dB or more.

In addition, the calculation conditions of FIG.
Radiating element 10: Square patch with a length of 18.0 mm and a width of 18.0 mm Waveguide member 20: A line segment shape with a length of 30.0 mm and a width of 2.0 mm (four)
Window glass 201: A glass plate having a length of 300 mm and a width of 300 mm and a thickness of 6 mm. Dielectric member 50: A glass substrate having a length of 200 mm and a width of 200 mm, a thickness of 0.76 mm, and an inner layer of a polyvinyl butyral having an inner layer of 200 mm. 200 mm in length and 200 mm in width Square support portion 60: None, the distance a between the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member 20 is in the range of 0.5 to 9.0 mm, and between the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member 20 The simulation was performed in a range where the relative dielectric constant ε _r of the medium in the range of 1.0 to 2.2. Note that the simulation was performed at an operating frequency of the radiating element 10 of 3.5 GHz. The simulation was performed using an electromagnetic field simulator (CST Microwave Studio (registered trademark)).

19 shows a simulation form in which the antenna unit shown in FIG. 10 is attached to the window glass 201 as shown in FIG. 2, and the distance a between the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member 20, and the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a relationship with a relative dielectric constant ε _r of a medium between 20 and 20; The broken line shown in FIG. 19 represents a regression curve in which the FB ratio becomes 0 dB when a shown in FIG. 11 is normalized with one wavelength (= 85.7 mm) of the operating frequency 3.5 GHz of the radiating element 10. When the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element 10 is λg, when a is (0.031 × ε _r ² −0.065 × ε _r +0.040) × λg or more, the FB ratio is 0 dB or more. The calculation conditions in FIG. 19 are the same as those in FIG.

FIG. 12 shows the distance e between the radiating element 10 and the window glass 201 and the matching member in the simulation mode in which the antenna unit shown in FIG. 10 is attached to the window glass 201 via the matching member 70 as shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship with the dielectric constant (epsilon) _{r2 of} 70. The broken line shown in FIG. 12 represents a regression curve with an FB ratio of 0 dB. When e becomes (−0.57 × ε _r 2 +30.1) mm or more, the FB ratio becomes 0 dB or more.

Note that the measurement conditions in FIG. 12 are the same as those in FIG. 11 except that the waveguide member 20 is not present, and the distance e between the radiating element 10 and the window glass 201 is in the range of 20 to 40 mm. The simulation was performed in the range of ε _{r of the} member 70 of 1.0 to 11.0.

FIG. 20 shows the distance e between the radiating element 10 and the window glass 201 and the matching member in the simulation mode in which the antenna unit shown in FIG. 10 is attached to the window glass 201 via the matching member 70 as shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship with the dielectric constant (epsilon) _{r2 of} 70. The broken line shown in FIG. 20 represents a regression curve in which the FB ratio becomes 0 dB when e shown in FIG. 12 is normalized with one wavelength (= 85.7 mm) of the operating frequency 3.5 GHz of the radiating element 10. When the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element 10 and the lambda] g, e _{is, (- 0.002 × ε r 2} 2 + 0.0849 × ε r 2 + 0.2767) becomes more than × lambda] g, FB ratio is more than 0dB . The calculation conditions in FIG. 20 are the same as those in FIG.

FIG. 13 shows the radiating element 10 and the conductive member 20 when the relative permittivity ε _r of the dielectric member 41 is changed in the window glass 302 with the antenna unit provided on the outdoor side of the dielectric member 41. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between the distance a between the wave members 20, and FB ratio. FIG. 14 shows the radiating element 10 and the conductor 10 when the relative permittivity ε _r of the dielectric member 41 is changed in the window glass 303 with the antenna unit provided on the indoor side of the dielectric member 41. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between the distance a between the wave members 20, and FB ratio. 13 and 14, the thickness of the dielectric member 41 is 1 mm.

In the configuration of FIG. 13, when the distance a is set to about 2.1 mm or more, the FB ratio is 0 dB or more. In the configuration of FIG. 14, when the distance a is set to about 2.3 mm or more, the FB ratio becomes 0 dB or more.

15 and 16 show that the radiating element 10 and the waveguide when the thickness of the dielectric member 41 is changed in the window glass 302 with an antenna unit provided on the outdoor side of the dielectric member 41. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between the distance a between the members 20, and FB ratio. The relative dielectric constant of the dielectric member 41 is 3 in the case of FIG. 15 and 4 in the case of FIG. In the case of FIG. 15 where the relative dielectric constant is 3 in the range where the distance a is 2.5 mm or more and 6 mm or less, the FB ratio is higher when the thickness is thinner, while the thickness is higher when the relative dielectric constant is 4 in FIG. The thicker the thickness, the higher the FB ratio.

FIGS. 17 and 18 show that the radiating element 10 and the waveguide when the thickness of the dielectric member 41 is changed in the window glass 303 with the antenna unit provided on the indoor side of the dielectric member 41. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between the distance a between the members 20, and FB ratio. The relative dielectric constant of the dielectric member 41 is 3 in the case of FIG. 17 and 4 in the case of FIG. In the range where the distance a is 3.0 mm or more and 4 mm or less, in the case of FIG. 17 where the relative dielectric constant is 3, the FB ratio is significantly higher when the thickness is thinner than in the case of FIG. Become.

21 to 23 are plan views partially showing a configuration example of the antenna unit 1 in the present embodiment. FIG. 21 is a plan view showing a configuration example of a plurality of radiating elements 10 included in the antenna unit 1 in the present embodiment. FIG. 22 is a plan view showing a configuration example of the waveguide member 20 and the dielectric member 50 included in the antenna unit 1 in the present embodiment. FIG. 23 is a plan view illustrating a configuration example of the waveguide member 20 included in the antenna unit 1 according to the present embodiment.

The antenna unit 1 shown in FIGS. 21 to 23 has a configuration in which a dielectric member 50 is sandwiched between the radiating element 10 and the conductor 30 so that a microstrip antenna is formed. In the antenna unit 1, four radiating elements 10 are arranged on the surface of the dielectric member 50 on the waveguide member 20 side so that an array antenna is formed. The radiating element 10 is fed by a feeding point 11. The waveguide member 20 is a plurality of (specifically, four) line-segment conductor elements arranged in parallel to each other.

24 to 27 show the effects of the waveguide member 20 when the antenna unit 1 is attached to the window glass 201 as shown in FIG. 2 (however, the dielectric member 41 is not provided) and the FB ratio is 0 dB or more. The relationship between a and D in which the antenna gain is higher than that in the configuration without the wave member 20 is shown. The distance a represents the distance between the radiating element 10 and the waveguide member 20, and the distance D represents the distance between the radiating element 10 and the window glass 201.

By changing a and D, the antenna gains of the form with the waveguide member 20 attached and the form without the waveguide member are calculated, respectively, and the antenna gain becomes higher compared to the form without the form with the waveguide member 20 attached. When the pair of D and D is plotted, the upper and lower limit lines as shown in the figure are obtained. 24 to 27 show a form in which the waveguide member 20 is attached when a and D are normalized by one wavelength (= 85.7 mm) of the operating frequency 3.5 GHz of the radiating element 10. And a regression curve in which the antenna gains of the non-attached form are substantially the same.

In FIG. 24, when the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element 10 is λg and the thickness of the window glass 201 is 8 mm or more and 12 mm or less,
a is (−27.27 × D ⁴ + 23.64 × D ³ −6.57 × D ² + 0.87 × D−0.02) × λg or more (−8.70 × D ³ + 4.23 × D) ² + 0.31 × D + 0.02) × λg or less,
When D is 0.06 × λg or more and 0.35 × λg or less, the antenna gain is higher than the configuration in which the waveguide member 20 is not mounted.

In FIG. 25, when the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element 10 is λg and the thickness of the window glass 201 is 8 mm or more and 14 mm or less,
a is (−69.2 × D ⁴ + 57.9 × D ³ −15.9 × D ² + 1.9 × D−0.1) × λg or more (−83.92 × D ⁴ + 43.52 × D) ^{3 -6.67 × D 2 + 1.19 ×} D-0.01) and by × lambda] g or less,
When D is 0.06 × λg or more and 0.35 × λg or less, the antenna gain is higher than the configuration in which the waveguide member 20 is not mounted.

In FIG. 26, when the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element 10 is λg and the thickness of the window glass 201 is 8 mm or more and 19 mm or less,
a is (−41.962 × D ⁴ + 32.098 × D ³ −7.094 × D ² + 0.640 × D + 0.004) × λg or more (167.8 × D ⁴ −132.7 × D ³ +33) .6 × D ² −2.4 × D + 0.1) × λg or less,
When D is 0.06 × λg or more and 0.35 × λg or less, the antenna gain is higher than the configuration in which the waveguide member 20 is not mounted.

In FIG. 27, when the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element 10 is λg and the thickness of the window glass 201 is 6 mm or more and 19 mm or less,
a is (−4.9 × D ³ + 4.4 × D ² −0.8 × D + 0.1) × λg or more (545.50 × D ⁴ −514.11 × D ³ + 171.26 × D ² − 22.95 × D + 1.11) × λg or less,
When D is 0.12 × λg or more and 0.35 × λg or less, the antenna gain is higher than the configuration in which the waveguide member 20 is not mounted.

FIGS. 28 to 31 show the relationship between a and D in which the antenna gain is 8 dBi or more in the simulation mode (with no dielectric member 41) in which the antenna unit 1 is attached to the window glass 201 as shown in FIG. If the antenna gain is 8 dBi or more, a good communication area can be formed.

When a and D pairs are obtained by changing a and D and antenna gain of 8 dBi or more is plotted, upper and lower limit lines as shown are obtained. The lower limit broken line and the upper limit broken line shown in FIGS. 28 to 31 are regression curves in which the antenna gain is 8 dBi when a and D are normalized with one wavelength (= 85.7 mm) of the operating frequency 3.5 GHz of the radiating element 10. Represents.

In FIG. 28, when the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element 10 is λg and the thickness of the window glass 201 is 10 mm or more and 14 mm or less,
a is (15.70 × D ⁴ -16.01 × D ³ + 4.76 × D ² −0.31 × D + 0.03) × λg or more (−2629.9 × D ⁶ + 4534.4 × D ⁵ − 3037.8 × D ⁴ + 999.0 × D ³ -167.1 × D ² + 14.1 × D−0.4) × λg or less,
When D is 0.06 × λg or more and 0.58 × λg or less, an antenna gain of 8 dBi or more can be obtained.

In FIG. 29, when the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element 10 is λg and the thickness of the window glass 201 is 8 mm or more and 14 mm or less,
a is (6.53 × D ³ −5.79 × D ² + 1.27 × D + 0.04) × λg or more (11505.6 × D ⁶ −3005.4 × D ⁵ + 31611.0 × D ⁴ -17154 3 × D ³ + 5073.7 × D ² −775.0 × D + 47.9) × λg or less,
When D is 0.23 × λg or more and 0.58 × λg or less, an antenna gain of 8 dBi or more can be obtained.

In FIG. 30, when the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element 10 is λg and the thickness of the window glass 201 is 6 mm or more and 14 mm or less,
a is (9.2 × D ³ −9.4 × D ² + 2.8 × D−0.2) × λg or more (−629.4 × D ⁴ + 995.0 × D ³ −580.3 × D ² + 149.6 × D-14.2) × λg or less,
When D is 0.29 × λg or more and 0.58 × λg or less, an antenna gain of 8 dBi or more can be obtained.

In FIG. 31, when the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element 10 is λg and the thickness of the window glass 201 is 6 mm or more and 19 mm or less,
a is (19.6 × D ³ −23.0 × D ² + 8.4 × D−0.9) × λg or more (−3105.2 × D ⁴ + 5562.2 × D ³ −3696.8 × D ² + 1082.0 × D-117.6) × λg or less,
When D is 0.35 × λg or more and 0.58 × λg or less, an antenna gain of 8 dBi or more can be obtained.

As mentioned above, although the antenna unit, the window glass with the antenna unit, and the matching body have been described in the embodiment, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Various modifications and improvements such as combinations and substitutions with some or all of the other embodiments are possible within the scope of the present invention.

This international application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-050042 filed on March 16, 2018. The entire contents of Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-050042 are hereby incorporated by reference. Incorporated into.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Antenna unit 10 Radiation element 11 Feeding point 20 Waveguide member 30 Conductor 41 Dielectric member 42 Space 50 Dielectric member 60 Support part 70 Matching member 100 Planar antennas 101 to 105, 501 to 503 Antenna units 200 and 201 Window glass 301 to 305, 401-403 Window glass with antenna

Claims (27)

1. An antenna unit used by being attached to a window glass for buildings,
   A radiating element;
   A waveguide member located on the outdoor side with respect to the radiating element;
   A conductor located on the indoor side with respect to the radiating element,
   When the distance between the radiating element and the waveguide member is a, and the relative dielectric constant of a medium made of a dielectric member between the radiating element and the waveguide member is ε _r ,
   a is an antenna unit that is (2.11 × ε _r −1.82) mm or more.
2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the waveguide member is provided on the dielectric member.
3. An antenna unit used by being attached to a window glass for buildings,
   A radiating element;
   A waveguide member located on the outdoor side with respect to the radiating element;
   A conductor located on the indoor side with respect to the radiating element,
   Having a medium between the radiating element and the waveguide member;
   The medium includes a space;
   An antenna unit, wherein a distance a between the radiating element and the waveguide member is 2.1 mm or more.
4. The antenna unit according to claim 3, wherein the medium further includes a dielectric member.
5. The medium consists of space,
   The antenna unit according to claim 3, wherein a distance a between the radiating element and the waveguide member is 2.3 mm or more.
6. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the waveguide member is positioned between the window glass and the radiating element.
7. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the radiating element is located between the window glass and the waveguide member.
8. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the antenna unit is used by being attached to the window glass so that a matching member is sandwiched between the window glass and the waveguide member.
9. When the relative permittivity of the window glass is ε _r 1, the relative permittivity of the matching member is ε _r 2, and the relative permittivity of the medium between the matching member and the radiating element is ε _r 3,
   The antenna unit according to claim 8, wherein ε _r 1 is greater than ε _r 2 and ε _r 2 is greater than ε _r 3.
10. An antenna unit used by being attached to a window glass for buildings,
    A radiating element;
    A waveguide member located on the outdoor side with respect to the radiating element;
    A conductor located on the indoor side with respect to the radiating element,
    When the distance between the radiating element and the waveguide member is a, the relative dielectric constant of the medium between the radiating element and the waveguide member is ε _r , and the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element is λg ,
    a is an antenna unit equal to or greater than (0.031 × ε _r ² −0.065 × ε _r +0.040) × λg.
11. The distance between the radiating element and the waveguide member is a, the distance between the radiating element and the window glass is D, the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element is λg, and the thickness of the window glass is 8 mm. When not less than 12 mm,
    a is (−27.27 × D ⁴ + 23.64 × D ³ −6.57 × D ² + 0.87 × D−0.02) × λg or more (−8.70 × D ³ + 4.23 × D) ² + 0.31 × D + 0.02) × λg or less,
    The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein D is 0.06 × λg or more and 0.35 × λg or less.
12. The distance between the radiating element and the waveguide member is a, the distance between the radiating element and the window glass is D, the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element is λg, and the thickness of the window glass is 8 mm. When not less than 14 mm,
    a is (−69.2 × D ⁴ + 57.9 × D ³ −15.9 × D ² + 1.9 × D−0.1) × λg or more (−83.92 × D ⁴ + 43.52 × D) ^{3 -6.67 × D 2 + 1.19 ×} D-0.01) and by × lambda] g or less,
    The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein D is 0.06 × λg or more and 0.35 × λg or less.
13. The distance between the radiating element and the waveguide member is a, the distance between the radiating element and the window glass is D, the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element is λg, and the thickness of the window glass is 8 mm. When not less than 19 mm,
    a is (−41.962 × D ⁴ + 32.098 × D ³ −7.094 × D ² + 0.640 × D + 0.004) × λg or more (167.8 × D ⁴ −132.7 × D ³ +33) .6 × D ² −2.4 × D + 0.1) × λg or less,
    The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein D is 0.06 × λg or more and 0.35 × λg or less.
14. The distance between the radiating element and the waveguide member is a, the distance between the radiating element and the window glass is D, the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element is λg, and the thickness of the window glass is 6 mm. When not less than 19 mm,
    a is (−4.9 × D ³ + 4.4 × D ² −0.8 × D + 0.1) × λg or more (545.50 × D ⁴ −514.11 × D ³ + 171.26 × D ² − 22.95 × D + 1.11) × λg or less,
    The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein D is 0.12 × λg or more and 0.35 × λg or less.
15. The distance between the radiating element and the waveguide member is a, the distance between the radiating element and the window glass is D, the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element is λg, and the thickness of the window glass is 10 mm. When not less than 14 mm,
    a is (15.70 × D ⁴ -16.01 × D ³ + 4.76 × D ² −0.31 × D + 0.03) × λg or more (−2629.9 × D ⁶ + 4534.4 × D ⁵ − 3037.8 × D ⁴ + 999.0 × D ³ -167.1 × D ² + 14.1 × D−0.4) × λg or less,
    The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein D is 0.06 × λg or more and 0.58 × λg or less.
16. The distance between the radiating element and the waveguide member is a, the distance between the radiating element and the window glass is D, the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element is λg, and the thickness of the window glass is 8 mm. When not less than 14 mm,
    a is (6.53 × D ³ −5.79 × D ² + 1.27 × D + 0.04) × λg or more (11505.6 × D ⁶ −3005.4 × D ⁵ + 31611.0 × D ⁴ -17154 3 × D ³ + 5073.7 × D ² −775.0 × D + 47.9) × λg or less,
    The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein D is 0.23 × λg or more and 0.58 × λg or less.
17. The distance between the radiating element and the waveguide member is a, the distance between the radiating element and the window glass is D, the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element is λg, and the thickness of the window glass is 6 mm. When not less than 14 mm,
    a is (9.2 × D ³ −9.4 × D ² + 2.8 × D−0.2) × λg or more (−629.4 × D ⁴ + 995.0 × D ³ −580.3 × D ² + 149.6 × D-14.2) × λg or less,
    The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein D is 0.29 × λg or more and 0.58 × λg or less.
18. The distance between the radiating element and the waveguide member is a, the distance between the radiating element and the window glass is D, the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element is λg, and the thickness of the window glass is 6 mm. When not less than 19 mm,
    a is (19.6 × D ³ −23.0 × D ² + 8.4 × D−0.9) × λg or more (−3105.2 × D ⁴ + 5562.2 × D ³ −3696.8 × D ² + 1082.0 × D-117.6) × λg or less,
    The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein D is 0.35 × λg or more and 0.58 × λg or less.
19. An antenna unit used by being attached to a window glass for buildings,
    A radiating element positioned so as to sandwich an alignment member between the window glass,
    A conductor positioned so as to sandwich the radiating element between the alignment member,
    .Epsilon.r 1 The dielectric constant of the window _glass, the relative dielectric constant of epsilon _{r 2} of said alignment member, when the relative dielectric constant epsilon _{r 3} of medium between the alignment member and the radiating element,
    ε _r 1 is greater than ε _r 2 and ε _r 2 is greater than ε _r 3.
20. When the distance between the window glass and the radiating element is e,
    20. The antenna unit according to claim 19, wherein e is (−0.57 × ε _r 2 + 30.1) mm or more.
21. An antenna unit used by being attached to a window glass for buildings,
    A radiating element positioned so as to sandwich an alignment member between the window glass,
    A conductor positioned so as to sandwich the radiating element between the alignment member,
    When the distance between the window glass and the radiating element is e, and the relative permittivity of the matching member is ε _r 2,
    e is an antenna unit of (−0.57 × ε _r 2 + 30.1) mm or more.
22. An antenna unit used by being attached to a window glass for buildings,
    A radiating element positioned so as to sandwich an alignment member between the window glass,
    A conductor positioned so as to sandwich the radiating element between the alignment member,
    When the distance between the window glass and the radiating element is e, the relative permittivity of the matching member is ε _r 2, and the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element is λg,
    e is an antenna unit that is equal to or greater than (−0.002 × ε _r 2 ² + 0.0849 × ε _r 2 +0.2767) × λg.
23. When the distance between the radiating element and the conductor is d, and the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element is λ _g ,
    The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein d is λ _g / 4 or less.
24. A window glass with an antenna unit, comprising the antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 23 and the window glass.
25. An alignment body used by being sandwiched between a window glass for a building and an antenna unit,
    The relative permittivity of the window glass is ε _r 1, the relative permittivity of the matching body is ε _r 2, and the relative permittivity of the medium between the matching body and the radiation element included in the antenna unit is ε _r 3. When
    ε _r 1 is greater than ε _r 2 and ε _r 2 is greater than ε _r 3.
26. An alignment body used by being sandwiched between a window glass for a building and an antenna unit,
    When the distance between the window glass and the radiating element included in the antenna unit is e, and the relative permittivity of the matching body is ε _r 2,
    e is a matched body of (−0.57 × ε _r 2 + 30.1) mm or more.
27. An alignment body used by being sandwiched between a window glass for a building and an antenna unit,
    When the distance between the window glass and the radiating element included in the antenna unit is e, the relative permittivity of the matching body is ε _r 2, and the wavelength at the operating frequency of the radiating element is λg,
    e is a matched body of (−0.002 × ε _r 2 ² + 0.0849 × ε _r 2 +0.2767) × λg or more.

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