WO2019174326A1 - 永磁辅助同步磁阻电机及具有其的电动汽车 - Google Patents

永磁辅助同步磁阻电机及具有其的电动汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019174326A1
WO2019174326A1 PCT/CN2018/119875 CN2018119875W WO2019174326A1 WO 2019174326 A1 WO2019174326 A1 WO 2019174326A1 CN 2018119875 W CN2018119875 W CN 2018119875W WO 2019174326 A1 WO2019174326 A1 WO 2019174326A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
groove
stator
magnet slot
folding groove
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/119875
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡余生
陈彬
肖勇
童童
卢素华
Original Assignee
珠海格力电器股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 filed Critical 珠海格力电器股份有限公司
Priority to EP18910035.7A priority Critical patent/EP3767809A4/en
Priority to US16/976,942 priority patent/US11799333B2/en
Publication of WO2019174326A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019174326A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • H02K1/246—Variable reluctance rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
    • H02K19/103—Motors having windings on the stator and a variable reluctance soft-iron rotor without windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of vehicle equipment technology, and in particular to a permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor and an electric vehicle therewith.
  • Electric vehicles have the characteristics of energy saving and environmental protection, and have been rapidly developed.
  • Existing electric vehicle drive motors In order to realize the high power density and high efficiency of the motor, more and more motors use high performance rare earth permanent magnet motors.
  • Rare earth permanent magnet motors can achieve high efficiency and high power density, mainly relying on high-performance rare earth permanent magnets.
  • the most widely used NdFeB rare earth permanent magnets The most widely used NdFeB rare earth permanent magnets.
  • rare earth is a non-renewable resource, the price is relatively expensive, and the fluctuation of rare earth price is also large, which leads to high production cost of electric vehicle driving motor, which is very unfavorable for promoting the comprehensive development of electric vehicle.
  • a ferrite permanent magnet auxiliary synchronous reluctance motor is also applied to an electric vehicle, but the motor has problems of high noise, easy demagnetization, and low efficiency.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor and an electric vehicle therewith, which solves the problem of low efficiency of the prior art motor.
  • a permanent magnet auxiliary synchronous reluctance motor comprising: a stator portion including a stator core and a winding embedded in the stator core, the stator core having a stator The rotor portion and the stator slot; the rotor portion and the rotor portion are disposed in the stator portion, and the rotor body of the rotor portion is provided with a permanent magnet slot group, and the permanent magnet slot group is plural, and the plurality of permanent magnet slot groups are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor body.
  • each permanent magnet slot group is provided with a plurality of permanent magnet slots, and the distance between the ends of the permanent magnet slots between adjacent permanent magnet slot groups is less than or equal to the width of the stator teeth of the stator teeth, the motor
  • the number of slots per phase per pole is two or three.
  • the permanent magnet slot group includes an outer permanent magnet slot and an inner permanent magnet slot, and a magnetic conductive channel is formed between the outer permanent magnet slot and the inner permanent magnet slot, and an inner layer of the adjacent two permanent magnet slot groups
  • the permanent magnet slots are disposed adjacent to each other, and the width of the ends of the adjacent inner permanent magnet slots is less than or equal to the width of the stator teeth.
  • the plurality of permanent magnet slot sets include a first permanent magnet slot set and a second permanent magnet slot set, the first permanent magnet slot set including a first inner permanent magnet slot and a first outer permanent magnet slot, the first inner a first magnetic flux channel is formed between the layer permanent magnet slot and the first outer layer permanent magnet slot, and the second permanent magnet slot group includes a second inner permanent magnet slot and a second outer permanent magnet slot, and the second inner permanent magnet A second magnetic flux channel is formed between the slot and the second outer layer permanent magnet slot, and a third magnetic flux channel is formed between a portion of the first inner layer permanent magnet slot and a portion of the second outer layer permanent magnet slot.
  • the first permanent magnet slot group further includes: a first folding groove, the first end of the first folding groove is in communication with the first end of the first inner permanent magnet groove, and the second end of the first folding groove is facing the rotor Extending from an outer edge of the body, the first folding groove has a first cutting edge, and the first end of the first side is connected to a side wall of the first inner permanent magnet groove adjacent to the side of the first outer layer permanent magnet groove, a second end of the first side extends toward the outer edge of the rotor body and gradually away from the first outer layer permanent magnet slot, the second end of the first trimming edge and the first chamfer extending in the circumferential direction of the rotor body The side walls are connected.
  • the second permanent magnet slot group further includes: a second folding groove, the first end of the second folding groove is in communication with the first end of the second inner permanent magnet groove, and the first folding groove and the second folding groove are opposite to each other Adjacently disposed, the second end of the second folding groove extends toward the outer edge of the rotor body, the second folding groove has a second cutting edge, and the first end of the second cutting edge is adjacent to the second inner permanent magnet groove Two sidewalls of one side of the outer permanent magnet slot are connected, and a second end of the second trimming edge extends toward the outer edge of the rotor body and gradually moves away from the second outer layer permanent magnet slot, and the second end of the second trimming edge Connecting with the circumferential wall of the second folding groove extending along the circumferential direction of the rotor body, the distance between the second end of the first cutting edge and the second end of the second cutting edge is LA, and the width of the stator toothed shoe is LC Where LA ⁇ LC.
  • the first permanent magnet slot group further includes: a third folding groove, the first end of the first folding groove is in communication with the second end of the first inner layer permanent magnet groove, and the second end of the third folding groove is facing the rotor Extending from an outer edge of the body, the third folding groove is symmetrically disposed with respect to the first axis of the first permanent magnet groove group, and the geometric center line of the first or third folding groove and the first inner permanent magnet The geometric centerline in the length direction of the slot has a first angle.
  • the second permanent magnet slot group further includes: a fourth folding groove, the first end of the fourth folding groove is in communication with the second end of the second inner permanent magnet groove, and the second end of the fourth folding groove is facing the rotor Extending from an outer edge of the body, the fourth folding groove and the second folding groove are symmetrically disposed with respect to a straight axis of the second permanent magnet groove group, and the geometric center line of the second or fourth folding groove and the second inner permanent magnet The geometric centerline in the length direction of the slot has a second angle.
  • the first permanent magnet slot group further includes: a fifth folding groove, the first end of the fifth folding groove is in communication with the first end of the first outer layer permanent magnet groove, and the second end of the fifth folding groove is facing the rotor The outer edge of the body extends, and the fifth folding groove is disposed adjacent to the first folding groove.
  • the second permanent magnet slot group further includes: a sixth folding groove, the first end of the sixth folding groove is in communication with the first end of the second outer layer permanent magnet groove, and the second end of the sixth folding groove is facing the rotor Extending from an outer edge of the body, the sixth folding groove is disposed adjacent to the second folding groove, and the end of the fifth folding groove adjacent to the side of the straight axis side of the first permanent magnet groove group and the sixth folding groove
  • the angle between the line connecting the ends of the side walls on the side of the straight axis of the second permanent magnet groove group and the shaft hole of the rotor body is ⁇ b.
  • stator teeth are plural, and the plurality of stator teeth are evenly disposed along the inner circumferential surface of the stator body of the stator portion, and the plurality of stator portions include the first stator teeth, the second stator teeth, and the third stator teeth which are sequentially disposed.
  • the angle of the shaft hole formed by the shaft hole of the body is ⁇ c, where ⁇ b ⁇ ⁇ c.
  • the polarity of the poles corresponding to any two adjacent stator teeth is ⁇ c1, ⁇ b ⁇ ⁇ c1.
  • outer permanent magnet slot and the inner permanent magnet slot are both disposed toward the outer edge of the rotor body, and the outer permanent magnet slot and the inner permanent magnet slot form an equal width gap with the outer edge of the rotor body. Magnetic bridge.
  • the distance from the end of the first outer permanent magnet slot to the outer edge of the rotor body is H
  • the width of the end of the first outer permanent magnet slot is M
  • the width of the magnetic bridge is H1, wherein 0.4 ⁇ M ⁇ (H-H1) ⁇ 2 ⁇ M.
  • an electric vehicle including a permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor, and the permanent magnet auxiliary synchronous reluctance motor is the above described permanent magnet auxiliary synchronous reluctance motor.
  • the distance between the ends between the adjacent permanent magnet slot sets is set to be less than or equal to the width of the stator teeth of the stator teeth.
  • the utility model can effectively reduce the blocking of the magnetic flux of the stator between the end portions of the permanent magnet slot group, improve the minimum torque in the instantaneous torque, reduce the motor torque ripple, reduce the motor noise, and improve the motor efficiency.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a first embodiment of a rotor structure according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a second embodiment of a rotor structure according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a third embodiment of a rotor structure according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a fourth embodiment of a rotor structure according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a fifth embodiment of a rotor structure according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a q-axis magnetic line walking path of an embodiment of a conventional rotor structure
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional structural view showing the sixth embodiment of the rotor structure according to the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a seventh embodiment of a rotor structure according to the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional structural view showing an eighth embodiment of a rotor structure according to the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a ninth embodiment of a rotor structure according to the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a tenth embodiment of a rotor structure according to the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a cross-sectional structural view showing the eleventh embodiment of the rotor structure according to the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the q-axis magnetic field traveling path of the twelfth embodiment of the rotor structure according to the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a thirteenth embodiment of a rotor structure according to the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view showing the influence of the length of the permanent groove of the rotor structure on the performance of the motor
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the relationship between the ratio of the thickness of the permanent magnet of the rotor structure and the torque
  • Fig. 17 is a view showing the influence of the ratio of the inner and outer permanent magnet groove area ratios of the rotor structure to the flux linkage.
  • stator portion 21, stator teeth; 211, first stator teeth; 212, second stator teeth; 213, third stator teeth;
  • the permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor includes a stator portion 20 including a stator core and a winding 50 embedded in the stator core, and a rotor portion 10 having stator teeth 21 and stator slots thereon, and a rotor portion 10.
  • the rotor portion 10 is disposed in the stator portion 20, and the rotor body of the rotor portion 10 is provided with a permanent magnet slot group, and the permanent magnet slot group is plural, and the plurality of permanent magnet slot groups are uniformly disposed along the circumferential direction of the rotor body, each The permanent magnet slot group is provided with a plurality of permanent magnet slots, and the distance between the ends of the permanent magnet slots between the adjacent permanent magnet slot groups is less than or equal to the width of the stator teeth 30 of the stator teeth 21, and each pole of the motor
  • the number of slots per phase is two or three.
  • the distance between the ends between the adjacent permanent magnet groove groups is set to be smaller than or equal to the width of the stator teeth 30 of the stator teeth 21.
  • the utility model can effectively reduce the blocking of the magnetic flux of the stator between the end portions of the permanent magnet slot group, improve the minimum torque in the instantaneous torque, reduce the motor torque ripple, and reduce the motor noise.
  • the permanent magnet slot group includes an outer permanent magnet slot 12 and an inner permanent magnet slot 11, and a magnetic conductive channel is formed between the outer permanent magnet slot 12 and the inner permanent magnet slot 11, and the adjacent two
  • the inner permanent magnet slots of the permanent magnet slot group are disposed adjacently, and the width of the end portions of the adjacent inner layer permanent magnet slots is less than or equal to the width of the stator teeth 21.
  • the utility model can effectively reduce the blocking of the magnetic flux of the stator between the end portions of the permanent magnet slot group, improve the minimum torque in the instantaneous torque, reduce the motor torque ripple, and reduce the motor noise.
  • the plurality of permanent magnet slot sets include a first permanent magnet slot set and a second permanent magnet slot set, the first permanent magnet slot set including a first inner permanent magnet slot 111 and a first outer layer
  • the first magnetic conductive channel 13 is formed between the first inner permanent magnet groove 111 and the first outer permanent magnet groove 121
  • the second permanent magnet groove group includes the second inner permanent magnet groove 112 and the second
  • a second magnetic flux channel 14 is formed between the outer permanent magnet slot 122, the second inner permanent magnet slot 112 and the second outer permanent magnet slot 122, a portion of the first inner permanent magnet slot 111 and a portion of the second outer portion
  • a third magnetic flux channel is formed between the layer permanent magnet slots 122. This arrangement can better guide the magnetic lines of force to effectively enter the respective magnetic conductive channels.
  • the first permanent magnet slot group further includes a first folding groove 31, the first end of the first folding groove 31 communicates with the first end of the first inner layer permanent magnet groove 111, and the second end of the first folding groove 31 The end extends toward the outer edge of the rotor body, and the first folding groove 31 has a first cutting edge 311, and the first end of the first cutting edge 311 is adjacent to the first inner permanent magnet groove 111 to the first outer layer permanent magnet groove 121.
  • the side walls of one side are connected, and the second end of the first trimming edge 311 extends toward the outer edge of the rotor body and gradually moves away from the first outer layer permanent magnet slot 121, and the second end of the first trimming edge 311 is first
  • the side walls of the groove 31 extending in the circumferential direction of the rotor body are connected. This arrangement can further adjust the magnetic field line distribution of each magnetic conductive channel and reduce local saturation. All rotor poles are evenly distributed over the circumference.
  • the second permanent magnet slot group further includes a second folding groove 32.
  • the first end of the second folding groove 32 communicates with the first end of the second inner layer permanent magnet groove 112, and the first folding groove 31 and the second folding groove 31
  • the second end of the second folding groove 32 extends toward the outer edge of the rotor body, the second folding groove 32 has a second cutting edge 321 , and the first end and the second inner side of the second cutting edge 321
  • the sidewall of the layer permanent magnet slot 112 adjacent to the side of the second outer layer permanent magnet slot 122 is connected, and the second end of the second trimming edge 321 extends toward the outer edge of the rotor body and gradually moves away from the second outer layer permanent magnet
  • the second end of the second cutting edge 321 is connected to the side wall of the second folding groove 32 extending along the circumferential direction of the rotor body, and the second end of the first cutting edge 311 and the second side of the second cutting edge 321
  • the distance between the ends is LA
  • the first permanent magnet slot group further includes a third folding groove 33.
  • the first end of the first folding groove 31 communicates with the second end of the first inner permanent magnet groove 111, and the third folding groove 33
  • the second end extends toward the outer edge of the rotor body, and the third fold groove 33 is symmetrically disposed with respect to the first axis of the first permanent magnet slot group (as shown in FIG. 2, the straight axis is in the figure)
  • the d-axis, the axis of intersection is the q-axis in the figure
  • the geometric center line of the first or third groove 31 or the third groove 33 has a first angle with the geometric center line of the longitudinal direction of the first inner-layer permanent magnet groove 111.
  • the second permanent magnet slot group further includes a fourth folding groove 34.
  • the first end of the fourth folding groove 34 communicates with the second end of the second inner layer permanent magnet groove 112, and the second end of the fourth folding groove 34 Extending toward the outer edge of the rotor body, the fourth folding groove 34 and the second folding groove 32 are symmetrically disposed with respect to the straight axis of the second permanent magnet groove group, and the geometric center line of the second folding groove 32 or the fourth folding groove 34 is The geometric centerline of the length direction of the second inner permanent magnet slot 112 has a second angle. This arrangement facilitates efficient introduction of magnetic lines of force within the magnetically conductive passage.
  • the first permanent magnet slot group further includes a fifth folding groove 35.
  • the first end of the fifth folding groove 35 communicates with the first end of the first outer layer permanent magnet groove 121, and the fifth folding groove 35
  • the second end extends toward the outer edge of the rotor body, and the fifth folded groove 35 is disposed adjacent to the first folded groove 31.
  • the second permanent magnet slot group further includes: a sixth folding groove 36, the first end of the sixth folding groove 36 is in communication with the first end of the second outer layer permanent magnet groove 122, and the sixth folding groove
  • the second end of the 36 extends toward the outer edge of the rotor body
  • the sixth hinge groove 36 is disposed adjacent to the second folding groove
  • the side wall of the fifth folding groove 35 is adjacent to the side of the first axis of the first permanent magnet groove group.
  • the angle between the end portion and the end of the side wall of the sixth folding groove 36 adjacent to the side of the straight axis of the second permanent magnet groove group and the shaft hole of the rotor body are ⁇ b. This arrangement can better guide the stator magnetic lines to enter the magnetic channels more evenly.
  • the plurality of stator portions 20 include first stator teeth 211 and second stator teeth 212 which are sequentially disposed. And a third stator tooth 213, a point on the end of the stator toothed shoe 30 of the first stator tooth 211 remote from the second stator tooth 212 and a distance from the second stator tooth 212 of the stator toothed shoe 30 of the third stator tooth 213
  • the angle between the line between the points on the end and the shaft hole of the rotor body is ⁇ c, where ⁇ b ⁇ ⁇ c.
  • the polarity of the poles of any two adjacent stator teeth 21 is ⁇ c1, ⁇ b ⁇ ⁇ c1. This arrangement can better guide the stator magnetic lines to enter the magnetic channels more evenly.
  • the ends of the outer permanent magnet slot and the inner permanent magnet slot are both disposed toward the outer edge of the rotor body, and the outer permanent magnet slot and the inner permanent magnet slot form a width at the outer edge of the rotor body.
  • Equal magnetic bridge 40 This setting allows the magnetic field lines to be guided better and achieves a larger q-axis inductance.
  • the distance from the end of the first outer permanent magnet slot 121 to the outer edge of the rotor body is H
  • the width of the end of the first outer permanent magnet slot 121 is M
  • the width of the magnetic bridge 40 is H1, wherein , 0.4 ⁇ M ⁇ (H - H1) ⁇ 2 ⁇ M.
  • the motor structure in the above embodiment may also be used in the technical field of vehicle equipment, that is, according to another aspect of the present invention, an electric vehicle is provided, including a permanent magnet auxiliary synchronous reluctance motor, and the permanent magnet auxiliary synchronous reluctance motor is A permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor according to any of the embodiments.
  • the electric machine comprises a stator portion 20 and a rotor portion 10, the stator comprising a stator core and a winding 50 of the embedded stator core, the rotor comprising a permanent magnet 60 and a permanent magnet 60 placed in the groove, the rotor
  • the same magnetic pole includes two layers of permanent magnets 60, which can make the motor obtain a large reluctance torque and have strong anti-demagnetization capability.
  • the permanent magnets 60 in the same magnetic pole have the same polarity toward the stator direction, and the permanent magnet slots have a shape convex toward the inner side of the rotor.
  • Both ends of the permanent magnet slots are close to the outer circumference of the rotor, and the center of the permanent magnet slots is close to the inner side of the rotor.
  • the number of slots per phase (Q/m/2P) is 2 or 3, which can effectively reduce the harmonic content of the stator field and obtain a better winding rule.
  • the distance LA between the outer apexes of the ends of the two innermost permanent magnet slots adjacent to the rotor is no greater than the stator tooth width LC.
  • the angle ⁇ b formed by the outer apex of the outer permanent magnet slot of the rotor adjacent to the two magnetic poles and the center of the rotor is not larger than the angle formed by the outer apex of the two stator teeth spaced apart from the stator teeth and the center of the rotor.
  • ⁇ c can further reduce the resistance of the magnetic flux line at the end of the rotor magnetic channel, improve the minimum torque in the instantaneous torque, and reduce the motor torque ripple.
  • the angle ⁇ b formed by the outer apex of the outer permanent magnet slot of the two adjacent poles of the rotor and the center of the rotor is not more than the pole arc angle ⁇ c1 occupied by the two stator teeth, which can reduce the torque ripple of the motor, and It can increase the q-axis inductance of the motor and increase the reluctance torque of the motor.
  • the rotor inner layer permanent magnet slot and the outer layer permanent magnet slot and the end edge line form a magnetic isolation bridge with a thickness equal to the outer circumference of the rotor, which can reduce the leakage of the permanent magnet 60 end portion. magnetic.
  • the q-axis magnetic flux lines respectively enter the three magnetic conductive channels of the rotor from the stator teeth, and the magnetic conductive path f3 is formed between the innermost permanent magnet slots of two adjacent magnetic poles, and the magnetic conductive path f2 It is formed by the innermost permanent magnet slot and the second permanent magnet slot, and the magnetic conductive path f1 is formed by the magnetic conductive region between the second permanent magnet slot and the outer circumference of the rotor, because the magnetic lines of force are not on the stator teeth.
  • the magnetic flux lines entering the magnetic flux guiding channel f3 are the most, the magnetic flux lines entering the magnetic conductive channel f1 are the least, and the magnetic paths of the magnetic conductive channel f3 and the magnetic conductive channel f2 are relatively saturated.
  • the motor load is heavy, the q-axis inductance of the motor is large. The amplitude decreases, affecting the reluctance torque utilization of the motor.
  • a permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor using a ferrite is more severe in that the permanent magnet 60 is thicker and the width of the magnetic flux path is hard to increase in order to improve the efficiency and anti-demagnetization capability of the motor.
  • the solution proposes a turning of the end of the magnetic flux guiding channel toward the inner permanent magnet 60, and the distribution of the q-axis magnetic flux f of the motor is shown in FIG.
  • the orientation of the q-axis magnetic field f of the stator can be effectively guided, and the magnetic lines of force originally entering the high magnetic saturation region, as shown in the magnetic field of the magnetic channel f2,
  • the magnetic channel f1 in the figure generates more magnetic flux under the same excitation current, which improves the q-axis inductance of the motor, increases the reluctance torque of the motor, and improves the magnetic resistance. Motor efficiency and power density.
  • the innermost permanent magnet of the rotor is the first layer
  • the end of the second permanent magnet slot calculated from the inside to the outside has a turn deflected toward the end of the inner permanent magnet slot, as shown in FIG.
  • the deflection of the end of the magnet slot can better guide the stator magnetic lines to enter the magnetic channels more evenly.
  • the width of the turning portion at the end of the permanent magnet slot gradually increases from the outer surface of the rotor toward the inside.
  • the midpoint of the end of the second permanent magnet slot after the turning and the transition before the transition is defined as A, and the width of the untransformed portion of the second layer of permanent magnet slots near the end of the rotor is M, 0.6 M ⁇ A.
  • the shape before the end of the magnetic flux channel is not converted is determined by the following method.
  • the two edges of the permanent magnet slot are extended, and the distance between the outer edge of the permanent magnet slot and the outer circumference of the rotor is close to the outer circumference of the rotor.
  • the distance of the outer circle is the same as after the transition.
  • the near-outer end point of the corner end edge of the second layer permanent magnet slot after the turning is closer to the q-axis of the rotor than the end point of the end edge of the second layer permanent magnet slot before the turning. This setting is for better magnetic line guiding.
  • the distance between the end point of the end of the second permanent magnet slot after the turning and the end point of the end of the second permanent magnet slot before the turning is Ga, and the distance of Ga is substantially equal to the length of the stator air gap g. Integer multiple.
  • the length of the end portion of the second layer permanent magnet slot is H-H1
  • the width of the end portion of the non-turned portion of the permanent magnet slot is M, which satisfies 0.4 ⁇ M ⁇ (H-H1).
  • H is the distance from the outer edge of the permanent magnet slot turning portion to the outer circumference of the rotor
  • H1 is the thickness of the magnetic bridge formed by the rotor turning portion of the permanent magnet 60 and the outer circumference of the rotor
  • the width of the end of the unfolded portion of the permanent magnet slot is M.
  • the length of the permanent magnet groove turning part has a great influence on the motor q-axis inductance and the motor flux linkage.
  • the q-axis inductance can be significantly improved, but greater than 2 ⁇ M, which causes the magnetic flux area of the second layer of permanent magnets to decrease, resulting in a drop in the no-load flux linkage of the motor. Therefore, preferably, 0.4 ⁇ M ⁇ (H - H1) ⁇ 2 ⁇ M.
  • the permanent groove of the permanent magnet slot does not place a permanent magnet, which can effectively slow down the local demagnetization of the terminal permanent magnet and improve the anti-demagnetization capability of the motor.
  • the permanent magnet of the rotor of the motor is a ferrite permanent magnet
  • the center of the rotor is a circular arc as a circular arc
  • the arc passes through a center point P from the outermost edge of the outermost permanent magnet, and the total thickness of the permanent magnet of the arc at the arc and the arc
  • the ratio of circumference length is 55%-65%.
  • one or more magnetic isolation bridges are provided in the middle of each layer of permanent magnet slots.
  • the number of permanent magnet layers of the rotor is two, and the outer permanent magnet slots are generally V-shaped.
  • the length of one permanent magnet in the V-type permanent magnet slot is L, and the maximum width of the V-shaped permanent magnets is C, satisfies 0.8 ⁇ C ⁇ L.
  • the outer permanent magnet slot is generally U-shaped and is composed of at least three permanent magnets.
  • the surface area ratio of the outer permanent magnet and the inner permanent magnet to the outer side of the rotor is S1/S2, and the outer permanent magnet and the inner permanent magnet are close to the outer rotor.
  • the angle between the outer apex of the surface end and the center of the rotor is 2 ⁇ ⁇ 1, 2 ⁇ ⁇ 2, respectively, and satisfies the following relationship: 1.3 ⁇ (sin ⁇ 1 / sin ⁇ 2) ⁇ S1/S2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ (sin ⁇ 1 / sin ⁇ 2).
  • the proportion of the magnetic lines entering the outer permanent magnet and directly entering the stator portion 20 in the magnet is more reasonable, which increases the permanent magnet flux linkage of the motor, and improves the efficiency and power factor of the motor.
  • the effect of the surface area ratio of the inner and outer permanent magnets on the motor flux linkage is shown in the figure.
  • the surface area ratio of the inner and outer permanent magnets can obtain a larger motor no-load flux linkage.
  • the inner and outer rectangular permanent magnets form unequal widths of the magnetic conductive channels, and the width of the magnetic conductive channels is smaller near the outer surface of the rotor.
  • the end of the inner permanent magnet slot has a turning point toward the deflection of the magnetic pole boundary line, which can better distribute the number of magnetic lines entering the magnetic conductive path f2 and the magnetic conductive path f3, reduce the local saturation of the magnetic conductive channel, and improve the magnetic resistance of the motor.
  • All the ends of the permanent magnet slots have a transition point toward the deflection of the magnetic pole boundary line, which can further adjust the magnetic field line distribution of each magnetic conductive channel and reduce local saturation. All rotor poles are evenly distributed over the circumference.
  • the permanent magnet auxiliary synchronous reluctance motor is used as the driving motor of the electric vehicle, which can effectively reduce the cost of the motor and reduce the dependence of the new energy electric vehicle on the rare earth resources.
  • the motor takes into account the high efficiency of the rare earth permanent magnet motor. And the high reliability of asynchronous motors can better promote the development of new energy vehicles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

一种永磁辅助同步磁阻电机及具有其的电动汽车，永磁辅助同步磁阻电机包括定子部（20）和转子部（10），定子部（20）包括定子铁芯及其嵌入定子铁芯的绕组（50），定子铁芯上具有定子齿（21）和定子槽。转子部（10）设置于定子部（20）内，转子部（10）的转子本体上开设有永磁体槽组，永磁体槽组为多个，多个永磁体槽组沿转子本体的周向均匀地设置，每个永磁体槽组内设置有多层永磁体槽，相邻永磁体槽组之间的永磁体槽的端部之间的距离小于或等于定子齿（21）的定子齿靴（30）的宽度，电机的每极每相槽数为两个或者三个。该方案可以有效减少永磁体槽组之间的端部对定子的磁通的阻挡，提升瞬时转矩中的最小转矩，减少电机转矩脉动，降低电机噪声，提高电机效率。

Description

永磁辅助同步磁阻电机及具有其的电动汽车 技术领域
本发明涉及车辆设备技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种永磁辅助同步磁阻电机及具有其的电动汽车。
背景技术
电动汽车具有节能、环保等特点，得到了迅速的发展。现有的电动汽车驱动电机为了实现电机的高功率密度、高效率等功能，越来越多的电机采用高性能稀土永磁电机。稀土永磁电机能够实现高效率和高功率密度，主要依赖于高性能的稀土永磁体，目前应用最多的是钕铁硼稀土永磁体。但稀土是一种不可再生资源，价格较为昂贵，并且稀土价格的波动也较大，导致电动汽车驱动电机的生产成本较高，这对于推动电动汽车全面发展是非常不利的。进一步地，现有技术中了还将铁氧体永磁辅助同步磁阻电机应用于电动汽车，但该种电机存在噪声大、易退磁、效率低等问题。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种永磁辅助同步磁阻电机及具有其的电动汽车，以解决现有技术中电机效率低的问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，包括：定子部，定子部包括定子铁芯及其嵌入定子铁芯的绕组，定子铁芯上具有定子齿和定子槽；转子部，转子部设置于定子部内，转子部的转子本体上开设有永磁体槽组，永磁体槽组为多个，多个永磁体槽组沿转子本体的周向均匀地设置，每个永磁体槽组内设置有多层永磁体槽，相邻永磁体槽组之间的永磁体槽的端部之间的距离小于或等于定子齿的定子齿靴的宽度，电机的每极每相槽数为两个或者三个。
进一步地，永磁体槽组包括外层永磁体槽和内层永磁体槽，外层永磁体槽与内层永磁体槽之间形成导磁通道，相邻的两个永磁体槽组的内层永磁体槽相邻地设置，相邻的内层永磁体槽的端部的宽度小于或等于定子齿的宽度。
进一步地，多个永磁体槽组包括第一永磁体槽组和第二永磁体槽组，第一永磁体槽组包括第一内层永磁体槽和第一外层永磁体槽，第一内层永磁体槽和第一外层永磁体槽之间形成第一导磁通道，第二永磁体槽组包括第二内层永磁体槽和第二外层永磁体槽，第二内层永磁体槽和第二外层永磁体槽之间形成第二导磁通道，部分的第一内层永磁体槽和部分的第二外层永磁体槽之间形成第三导磁通道。
进一步地，第一永磁体槽组还包括：第一折槽，第一折槽的第一端与第一内层永磁体槽的第一端相连通，第一折槽的第二端朝向转子本体的外边沿处延伸，第一折槽具有第一切边， 第一切边的第一端与第一内层永磁体槽的靠近第一外层永磁体槽一侧的侧壁相连接，第一切边的第二端朝向转子本体的外边沿处延伸设置并逐渐远离第一外层永磁体槽，第一切边的第二端与第一折槽的沿转子本体的周向延伸的侧壁相连接。
进一步地，第二永磁体槽组还包括：第二折槽，第二折槽的第一端与第二内层永磁体槽的第一端相连通，第一折槽与第二折槽相邻地设置，第二折槽的第二端朝向转子本体的外边沿处延伸，第二折槽具有第二切边，第二切边的第一端与第二内层永磁体槽的靠近第二外层永磁体槽一侧的侧壁相连接，第二切边的第二端朝向转子本体的外边沿处延伸设置并逐渐远离第二外层永磁体槽，第二切边的第二端与第二折槽的沿转子本体的周向延伸的侧壁相连接，第一切边的第二端与第二切边的第二端之间的距离为LA，定子齿靴的宽度为LC，其中，LA≤LC。
进一步地，第一永磁体槽组还包括：第三折槽，第一折槽的第一端与第一内层永磁体槽的第二端相连通，第三折槽的第二端朝向转子本体的外边沿处延伸，第三折槽与第一折槽关于第一永磁体槽组的直轴对称地设置，第一折槽或第三折槽的几何中心线与第一内层永磁体槽的长度方向的几何中心线具有第一夹角。
进一步地，第二永磁体槽组还包括：第四折槽，第四折槽的第一端与第二内层永磁体槽的第二端相连通，第四折槽的第二端朝向转子本体的外边沿处延伸，第四折槽与第二折槽关于第二永磁体槽组的直轴对称地设置，第二折槽或第四折槽的几何中心线与第二内层永磁体槽的长度方向的几何中心线具有第二夹角。
进一步地，第一永磁体槽组还包括：第五折槽，第五折槽的第一端与第一外层永磁体槽的第一端相连通，第五折槽的第二端朝向转子本体的外边沿处延伸，第五折槽与第一折槽相邻地设置。
进一步地，第二永磁体槽组还包括：第六折槽，第六折槽的第一端与第二外层永磁体槽的第一端相连通，第六折槽的第二端朝向转子本体的外边沿处延伸，第六折槽与第二折槽相邻地设置，第五折槽的靠近第一永磁体槽组的直轴一侧的侧壁的端部与第六折槽的靠近第二永磁体槽组的直轴一侧的侧壁的端部之间的连线与转子本体的转轴孔形成的转轴孔角为θb。
进一步地，定子齿为多个，多个定子齿沿定子部的定子本体的内周面均匀地设置，多个定子部包括依次设置的第一定子齿、第二定子齿和第三定子齿，第一定子齿的定子齿靴的远离第二定子齿的端部上的点与第三定子齿的定子齿靴的远离第二定子齿的端部上的点之间的连线与转子本体的转轴孔形成的转轴孔角为θc，其中，θb≤θc。
进一步地，任意两个相邻的定子齿对应的几极弧度为θc1，θb≤θc1。
进一步地，外层永磁体槽和内层永磁体槽的端部均朝向转子本体的外边缘处设置，外层永磁体槽和内层永磁体槽与转子本体的外边缘处形成宽度相等的隔磁桥。
进一步地，第一外层永磁体槽的端部至转子本体的外边沿的距离为H，第一外层永磁体槽的端部的宽度为M，隔磁桥的宽度为H1，其中，0.4×M≤(H-H1)≤2×M。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种电动汽车，包括永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，永磁辅助同步磁阻电机为上述的永磁辅助同步磁阻电机。
应用本发明的技术方案，通过设置相邻永磁体槽组之间的端部之间的距离小于或等于定子齿的定子齿靴的宽度。可以有效减少永磁体槽组之间的端部对定子的磁通的阻挡，提升瞬时转矩中的最小转矩，减少电机转矩脉动，降低电机噪声，提高电机效率。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的转子结构的实施例一的剖视结构示意图；
图2示出了根据本发明的转子结构的实施例二的剖视结构示意图；
图3示出了根据本发明的转子结构的实施例三的剖视结构示意图；
图4示出了根据本发明的转子结构的实施例四的剖视结构示意图；
图5示出了根据本发明的转子结构的实施例五的剖视结构示意图；
图6示出了现有转子结构的实施例的q轴磁力线行走路径示意图；
图7示出了根据本发明的转子结构的实施例六的剖视结构示意图；
图8示出了根据本发明的转子结构的实施例七的剖视结构示意图；
图9示出了根据本发明的转子结构的实施例八的剖视结构示意图；
图10示出了根据本发明的转子结构的实施例九的剖视结构示意图；
图11示出了根据本发明的转子结构的实施例十的剖视结构示意图；
图12示出了根据本发明的转子结构的实施例十一的剖视结构示意图；
图13示出了根据本发明的转子结构的实施例十二的q轴磁力线行走路径示意图；
图14示出了根据本发明的转子结构的实施例十三的剖视结构示意图；
图15示出了转子结构的永磁体槽末端折槽长度对电机性能影响的示意图；
图16示出了转子结构的永磁体厚度占比与转矩关系的示意图；
图17示出了转子结构的内、外层永磁体槽面积比值对磁链影响示意图。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
10、转子部；11、内层永磁体槽；111、第一内层永磁体槽；112、第二内层永磁体槽；12、外层永磁体槽；121、第一外层永磁体槽；122、第二外层永磁体槽；13、第一导磁通道；14、第二导磁通道；
20、定子部；21、定子齿；211、第一定子齿；212、第二定子齿；213、第三定子齿；
30、定子齿靴；
31、第一折槽；32、第二折槽；33、第三折槽；34、第四折槽；35、第五折槽；36、第六折槽；
40、隔磁桥；
50、绕组；
60、永磁体。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
结合图1至图5，图7至图17所示，根据本发明的实施例，提供了一种永磁辅助同步磁阻电机。具体地，该永磁辅助同步磁阻电机包括定子部20和转子部10，定子部20包括定子铁芯及其嵌入定子铁芯的绕组50，定子铁芯上具有定子齿21和定子槽。转子部10设置于定子部20内，转子部10的转子本体上开设有永磁体槽组，永磁体槽组为多个，多个永磁体槽组沿转子本体的周向均匀地设置，每个永磁体槽组内设置有多层永磁体槽，相邻永磁体槽组之间的永磁体槽的端部之间的距离小于或等于定子齿21的定子齿靴30的宽度，电机的每极每相槽数为两个或者三个。
在本实施例中，通过设置相邻永磁体槽组之间的端部之间的距离小于或等于定子齿21的定子齿靴30的宽度。可以有效减少永磁体槽组之间的端部对定子的磁通的阻挡，提升瞬时转矩中的最小转矩，减少电机转矩脉动，降低电机噪声。
在本实施例中，永磁体槽组包括外层永磁体槽12和内层永磁体槽11，外层永磁体槽12与内层永磁体槽11之间形成导磁通道，相邻的两个永磁体槽组的内层永磁体槽相邻地设置，相邻的内层永磁体槽的端部的宽度小于或等于定子齿21的宽度。可以有效减少永磁体槽组之间的端部对定子的磁通的阻挡，提升瞬时转矩中的最小转矩，减少电机转矩脉动，降低电机噪声。
如图1和图2所示，多个永磁体槽组包括第一永磁体槽组和第二永磁体槽组，第一永磁体槽组包括第一内层永磁体槽111和第一外层永磁体槽121，第一内层永磁体槽111和第一外层永磁体槽121之间形成第一导磁通道13，第二永磁体槽组包括第二内层永磁体槽112和第二外层永磁体槽122，第二内层永磁体槽112和第二外层永磁体槽122之间形成第二导磁通道 14，部分的第一内层永磁体槽111和部分的第二外层永磁体槽122之间形成第三导磁通道。这样设置可以更好的引导磁力线有效地进入各导磁通道。
进一步地，第一永磁体槽组还包括第一折槽31，第一折槽31的第一端与第一内层永磁体槽111的第一端相连通，第一折槽31的第二端朝向转子本体的外边沿处延伸，第一折槽31具有第一切边311，第一切边311的第一端与第一内层永磁体槽111的靠近第一外层永磁体槽121一侧的侧壁相连接，第一切边311的第二端朝向转子本体的外边沿处延伸设置并逐渐远离第一外层永磁体槽121，第一切边311的第二端与第一折槽31的沿转子本体的周向延伸的侧壁相连接。这样设置可以进一步调节各导磁通道的磁力线分布，减少局部饱和。所有转子磁极在圆周上均匀分布。
另外，第二永磁体槽组还包括第二折槽32，第二折槽32的第一端与第二内层永磁体槽112的第一端相连通，第一折槽31与第二折槽32相邻地设置，第二折槽32的第二端朝向转子本体的外边沿处延伸，第二折槽32具有第二切边321，第二切边321的第一端与第二内层永磁体槽112的靠近第二外层永磁体槽122一侧的侧壁相连接，第二切边321的第二端朝向转子本体的外边沿处延伸设置并逐渐远离第二外层永磁体槽122，第二切边321的第二端与第二折槽32的沿转子本体的周向延伸的侧壁相连接，第一切边311的第二端与第二切边321的第二端之间的距离为LA，定子齿靴30的宽度为LC，其中，LA≤LC。这样设置可以有效地减少永磁体槽组之间的端部对定子的磁通的阻挡，提升瞬时转矩中的最小转矩，减少电机转矩脉动，降低电机噪声。
如图2所示，第一永磁体槽组还包括第三折槽33，第一折槽31的第一端与第一内层永磁体槽111的第二端相连通，第三折槽33的第二端朝向转子本体的外边沿处延伸，第三折槽33与第一折槽31关于第一永磁体槽组的直轴对称地设置(如图2所示，直轴为图中的d轴，交轴为图中的q轴)，第一折槽31或第三折槽33的几何中心线与第一内层永磁体槽111的长度方向的几何中心线具有第一夹角。这样设置便于导磁通道内的磁力线高效的导入。
其中，第二永磁体槽组还包括第四折槽34，第四折槽34的第一端与第二内层永磁体槽112的第二端相连通，第四折槽34的第二端朝向转子本体的外边沿处延伸，第四折槽34与第二折槽32关于第二永磁体槽组的直轴对称地设置，第二折槽32或第四折槽34的几何中心线与第二内层永磁体槽112的长度方向的几何中心线具有第二夹角。这样设置便于导磁通道内的磁力线高效的导入。
在本实施例中，第一永磁体槽组还包括第五折槽35，第五折槽35的第一端与第一外层永磁体槽121的第一端相连通，第五折槽35的第二端朝向转子本体的外边沿处延伸，第五折槽35与第一折槽31相邻地设置。这样设置便于导磁通道内的磁力线高效的导入。
在本实施例中，第二永磁体槽组还包括：第六折槽36，第六折槽36的第一端与第二外层永磁体槽122的第一端相连通，第六折槽36的第二端朝向转子本体的外边沿处延伸，第六折槽36与第二折槽相邻地设置，第五折槽35的靠近第一永磁体槽组的直轴一侧的侧壁的端部 与第六折槽36的靠近第二永磁体槽组的直轴一侧的侧壁的端部之间的连线与转子本体的转轴孔形成的转轴孔角为θb。这样设置可以更好的引导定子磁力线更均匀的进入各导磁通道。
其中，定子齿21为多个，多个定子齿21沿定子部20的定子本体的内周面均匀地设置，多个定子部20包括依次设置的第一定子齿211、第二定子齿212和第三定子齿213，第一定子齿211的定子齿靴30的远离第二定子齿212的端部上的点与第三定子齿213的定子齿靴30的远离第二定子齿212的端部上的点之间的连线与转子本体的转轴孔形成的转轴孔角为θc，其中，θb≤θc。这样设置可以进一步减少转子磁通道端部对定子磁力线的阻挡，提升瞬时转矩中的最小转矩，减少电机转矩脉动。
在本实施例中，任意两个相邻的定子齿21对应的几极弧度为θc1，θb≤θc1。这样设置可以更好的引导定子磁力线更均匀的进入各导磁通道。
如图4所示，外层永磁体槽和内层永磁体槽的端部均朝向转子本体的外边缘处设置，外层永磁体槽和内层永磁体槽与转子本体的外边缘处形成宽度相等的隔磁桥40。这样设置可以使得磁力线的引导效果更佳，获得更大的q轴电感。
其中，第一外层永磁体槽121的端部至转子本体的外边沿的距离为H，第一外层永磁体槽121的端部的宽度为M，隔磁桥40的宽度为H1，其中，0.4×M≤(H-H1)≤2×M。这样设置可以使得磁力线的引导效果更佳，获得更大的q轴电感。
上述实施例中的电机结构还可以用于车辆设备技术领域，即根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种电动汽车，包括永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，永磁辅助同步磁阻电机为上述实施例中任一项的永磁辅助同步磁阻电机。
在本实施例中，电机包含定子部20和转子部10，定子包含定子铁芯及其嵌入的定子铁芯的绕组50，转子上含有放置永磁体槽以及放置在槽中的永磁体60，转子同一个磁极上包含两层永磁体60，可以使得电机获得较大的磁阻转矩，并且具有较强的抗退磁能力。同一磁极内的永磁体60朝定子方向具有相同的极性，永磁体槽具朝转子内侧凸起的形状，永磁体槽的两端靠近转子外圆，永磁体槽的中心靠近转子内侧，电机每极每相槽数(Q/m/2P)为2或3，可以有效减少定子磁场谐波含量，并且获得较好的绕组嵌线工艺。转子相邻两个最内层永磁体槽末端外顶点之间的距离LA不大于定子齿靴宽度LC。通过将转子两个相邻内层永磁体槽的端部宽度设置成不大于定子齿靴，可以有效减少永磁体槽末端对定子磁通的阻挡，提升瞬时转矩中的最小转矩，减少电机转矩脉动，降低电机噪声。
如图2所示，转子相邻两个磁极的外层永磁体槽末端外顶点与转子中心形成的夹角θb不大于定子中间相隔定子齿的两个定子齿外顶点与转子中心形成的夹角θc，可以进一步减少转子磁通道末端对定子磁力线的阻挡，提升瞬时转矩中的最小转矩，减少电机转矩脉动。
进一步的，转子相邻两个磁极的外层永磁体槽末端外顶点与转子中心形成的夹角θb不大于两个定子齿所占的极弧角θc1，不但可以减少电机的转矩脉动，还可以提升电机的q轴电感，增加电机的磁阻转矩。
进一步的，为达到更好提升转矩的效果，转子内层永磁体槽和外层永磁体槽与末端边线与转子外圆形成一段厚度大致相等的隔磁桥，可以减少永磁体60端部漏磁。
研究发现电机定子部20通入三相对称的交流电时，定子部20各个齿上的磁力线并不均匀，越靠近分界线的位置，定子部20齿上的磁力线越多。
如图6所示，q轴磁链线分别从定子齿进入转子的3个导磁通道，导磁通道f3是由两个相邻磁极的最内层永磁体槽之间形成，导磁通道f2是由最内层永磁体槽和第二层永磁体槽之间形成，导磁通道f1是第二层永磁体槽到转子外圆之间的导磁区域形成，由于磁力线在定子齿上的不均匀分布，进入导磁通道f3的磁力线最多，进入导磁通道f1的磁力线最少，导磁通道f3和导磁通道f2的磁路较为饱和，当电机负载较重时，电机的q轴电感会大幅度下降，影响电机的磁阻转矩利用。尤其是采用铁氧体的永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，为了提升电机的效率和抗退磁能力，永磁体60较厚，导磁通道的宽度很难增加时，这一现象变得更为严重。为此，本方案提出了导磁通道末端朝内层永磁体60方向偏转的转折，该电机的q轴磁力线f分布示意图如图13所示。通过在导磁通道末端设置一段朝内层永磁体槽末端偏转的转折，可以有效引导定子q轴磁力线f的走向，将原来进入高磁饱和区域的磁力线，如图中进入磁通道f2的磁力线，改为进入低磁饱和区域，如图中的磁通道f1，在相同的激磁电流下产生了更多的磁通，提高了电机的q轴电感，增大了电机的磁阻转矩，提高了电机的效率和功率密度。
另外，以转子最内层永磁体为第一层，从内朝外计算的第二层永磁体槽的末端具有一段朝内层永磁体槽末端方向偏转的转折，如图10所示，通过永磁体槽末端的偏转，可以更好的引导定子磁力线更均匀的进入各导磁通道。
进一步的，永磁体槽末端发生转折部分的宽度从靠近转子外表面朝里逐渐增加。通过将永磁体槽转折部分的宽度设置成外窄内宽，一方面可以减少永磁体槽偏转后，导磁通道f2入口宽度变小，导致的q轴磁通下降，另一方面还可以更好的引导原从进入导磁通道f2的磁力线，变成从导磁通道f3进入转子。
如图5所示，为了更好的引导磁力线从高磁饱和导磁通道通过转为从低磁饱和导磁通道通过，将转折后的第二层永磁体槽末端边线的中点与转折前第二层永磁体槽末端边线的中点的距离定义为A，第二层永磁体槽未转折部分靠近过转子末端的宽度为M，0.6M≤A。导磁通道末端未转折前的形状由下述方法确定，当永磁体槽内安装平板永磁体60时，延长永磁体槽的两条边线，永磁体槽靠近转子的外边线与转子外圆的距离与永磁体槽转折后相同；当永磁体槽内安装弧形永磁体60时，在弧形永磁体槽的端点作弧形的相切线，并延长切线，永磁体槽靠近转子的外边线与转子外圆的距离与转折后相同。通过控制永磁体槽末端偏转的幅度，将A设置成大于等于0.6M，可以使得磁力线的引导效果更佳，获得更大的q轴电感。
在本实施例中，转折后的第二层永磁体槽末端边线的靠近外侧的端点与转折前的第二层永磁体槽末端边线的靠近内侧的端点相比，更靠近转子的q轴。这样设置是为了实现更好的磁力线引导效果。
进一步的，转折后的第二层永磁体槽末端边线靠近外侧的端点与转折前的第二层永磁体槽末端边线靠近内侧的端点的距离为Ga，Ga的距离大致等于定转子气隙长度g的整数倍。通过将Ga的距离设置成定转子气隙长度g的整数倍，有可以有效减少气隙的谐波磁场含量，降低电机的谐波损耗和转矩脉动，这里范围是0.95倍到1.05倍。
进一步的，第二层永磁体槽末端转折部位的长度为H-H1，永磁体槽未转折部分末端的宽度为M，满足0.4×M≤(H-H1)。其中H为永磁体槽转折部分的外边线到转子外圆的距离，H1为永磁体60转子转折部分与转子外圆形成的磁桥厚度，永磁体槽未转折部分末端的宽度为M。
如图15所示，研究发现永磁体槽转折部分的长度对电机q轴电感和电机磁链有较大影响，当0.4×M≤(H-H1)时，可以明显提升q轴电感，但大于2×M，会导致第二层永磁体磁通面积减少，导致电机空载磁链下降，因此，优选地，0.4×M≤(H-H1)≤2×M。
另外，永磁体槽的折槽不放置永磁体，可以有效减缓末端永磁体的局部退磁，提升电机的抗退磁能力。
其中，电机转子永磁体为铁氧体永磁体，以转子中心为转轴孔作圆弧，圆弧经过从最外层永磁体外边线的中心点P，圆弧处转子永磁体厚度的总和与该圆弧圆周长的比值为55％-65％。在电机转子永磁体为铁氧体时，通过将永磁体的厚度设置在这个范围内，使得永磁体厚度比导磁通道厚度的比值处于比较优的范围，既可以保证永磁体工作点较高，获得较大的抗退磁能力和较高的电机空载磁链，又可以使得电机获得较大的交、直轴电感差值，提升电机的磁阻转矩。
在本实施例中，为了增强转子的机械强度，各层永磁体槽中间具有1个或多个隔磁桥。
如图10所示，转子永磁体层数为两层，外层永磁体槽大致程V型，V型永磁体槽中一侧永磁体的长度为L，V型排布永磁体的最大宽度为C，满足0.8×C≤L。外层永磁体槽大致程U型，至少由三段永磁体组成，外层永磁体和内层永磁体靠近转子外侧的表面积比值为S1/S2，外层永磁体和内层永磁体靠近转子外表面末端的外侧顶点与转子中心形成的夹角分别为2×θ1、2×θ2，满足以下关系：1.3×(sinθ1/sinθ2)≤S1/S2≤2×(sinθ1/sinθ2)。通过将外层永磁体的排布形状以及内、外层永磁体面积比值的设置，可以更好的调整永磁体的工作点，使得内、外层永磁的平均工作电机更高，内层永磁体中磁力线进入外层永磁体和直接进入定子部20的比例更加合理，增加了电机的永磁体磁链，提升了电机的效率和功率因数。内、外层永磁体表面积比值对电机磁链的影响如图所示，通过将内、外层永磁体表面积比值设置成1.3×(sinθ1/sinθ2)≤S1/S2≤2×(sinθ1/sinθ2)，可以获得较大的电机空载磁链。优选地，1.5×(sinθ1/sinθ2)≤S1/S2≤1.8×(sinθ1/sinθ2)。
其中，内、外层矩形永磁体形成导磁通道宽度不相等，导磁通道宽度靠近转子外表面宽度越小。通过逐渐变小的导磁通道宽度设计，可以更好的调节内、外层永磁体的磁通面积，实现内、外层永磁体工作点的一致性调节。内层永磁体槽末端具有一段朝磁极分界线向偏转的转折，可以更好的分配进入导磁通道f2和导磁通道f3的磁力线数量，减少导磁通道的局部 饱和，提升电机的磁阻转矩。所有永磁体槽末端具有一段朝磁极分界线向偏转的转折，可以进一步调节各导磁通道的磁力线分布，减少局部饱和。所有转子磁极在圆周上均匀分布。
在本实施例中，永磁辅助同步磁阻电机作为电动汽车的驱动电机，可以有效降低电机的成本，减少新能源电动汽车对稀土资源的依赖，同时，本电机兼顾了稀土永磁体电机效率高和异步电机可靠性高的特点，可以更好的推动新能源汽车的发展。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，其特征在于，包括：
    定子部(20)，所述定子部(20)包括定子铁芯及其嵌入所述定子铁芯的绕组(50)，所述定子铁芯上具有定子齿(21)和定子槽；
    转子部(10)，所述转子部(10)设置于所述定子部(20)内，所述转子部(10)的转子本体上开设有永磁体槽组，所述永磁体槽组为多个，多个所述永磁体槽组沿所述转子本体的周向均匀地设置，每个永磁体槽组内设置有多层永磁体槽，相邻所述永磁体槽组之间的永磁体槽的端部之间的距离小于或等于所述定子齿(21)的定子齿靴(30)的宽度，所述电机的每极每相槽数为两个或者三个。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，其特征在于，所述永磁体槽组包括外层永磁体槽和内层永磁体槽，所述外层永磁体槽与所述内层永磁体槽之间形成导磁通道，相邻的两个所述永磁体槽组的所述内层永磁体槽相邻地设置，相邻的所述内层永磁体槽的端部的宽度小于或等于所述定子齿(21)的宽度。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，其特征在于，多个所述永磁体槽组包括第一永磁体槽组和第二永磁体槽组，所述第一永磁体槽组包括第一内层永磁体槽(111)和第一外层永磁体槽(121)，所述第一内层永磁体槽(111)和所述第一外层永磁体槽(121)之间形成第一导磁通道(13)，所述第二永磁体槽组包括第二内层永磁体槽(112)和第二外层永磁体槽(122)，所述第二内层永磁体槽(112)和所述第二外层永磁体槽(122)之间形成第二导磁通道(14)，部分的所述第一内层永磁体槽(111)和部分的所述第二外层永磁体槽(122)之间形成第三导磁通道。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，其特征在于，所述第一永磁体槽组还包括：
    第一折槽(31)，所述第一折槽(31)的第一端与所述第一内层永磁体槽(111)的第一端相连通，所述第一折槽(31)的第二端朝向所述转子本体的外边沿处延伸，所述第一折槽(31)具有第一切边(311)，所述第一切边(311)的第一端与所述第一内层永磁体槽(111)的靠近所述第一外层永磁体槽(121)一侧的侧壁相连接，所述第一切边(311)的第二端朝向所述转子本体的外边沿处延伸设置并逐渐远离所述第一外层永磁体槽(121)，所述第一切边(311)的第二端与所述第一折槽(31)的沿所述转子本体的周向延伸的侧壁相连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，其特征在于，所述第二永磁体槽组还包括：
    第二折槽(32)，所述第二折槽(32)的第一端与所述第二内层永磁体槽(112)的第一端相连通，所述第一折槽(31)与所述第二折槽(32)相邻地设置，所述第二折槽(32)的第二端朝向所述转子本体的外边沿处延伸，所述第二折槽(32)具有第二切边(321)，所述第二切边(321)的第一端与所述第二内层永磁体槽(112)的靠近所述第 二外层永磁体槽(122)一侧的侧壁相连接，所述第二切边(321)的第二端朝向所述转子本体的外边沿处延伸设置并逐渐远离所述第二外层永磁体槽(122)，所述第二切边(321)的第二端与所述第二折槽(32)的沿所述转子本体的周向延伸的侧壁相连接，所述第一切边(311)的第二端与所述第二切边(321)的第二端之间的距离为LA，所述定子齿靴(30)的宽度为LC，其中，LA≤LC。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，其特征在于，所述第一永磁体槽组还包括：
    第三折槽(33)，所述第一折槽(31)的第一端与所述第一内层永磁体槽(111)的第二端相连通，所述第三折槽(33)的第二端朝向所述转子本体的外边沿处延伸，所述第三折槽(33)与所述第一折槽(31)关于所述第一永磁体槽组的直轴对称地设置，所述第一折槽(31)或所述第三折槽(33)的几何中心线与所述第一内层永磁体槽(111)的长度方向的几何中心线具有第一夹角。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，其特征在于，所述第二永磁体槽组还包括：
    第四折槽(34)，所述第四折槽(34)的第一端与所述第二内层永磁体槽(112)的第二端相连通，所述第四折槽(34)的第二端朝向所述转子本体的外边沿处延伸，所述第四折槽(34)与所述第二折槽(32)关于所述第二永磁体槽组的直轴对称地设置，所述第二折槽(32)或所述第四折槽(34)的几何中心线与所述第二内层永磁体槽(112)的长度方向的几何中心线具有第二夹角。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，其特征在于，所述第一永磁体槽组还包括：
    第五折槽(35)，所述第五折槽(35)的第一端与所述第一外层永磁体槽(121)的第一端相连通，所述第五折槽(35)的第二端朝向所述转子本体的外边沿处延伸，所述第五折槽(35)与所述第一折槽(31)相邻地设置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，其特征在于，所述第二永磁体槽组还包括：
    第六折槽(36)，所述第六折槽(36)的第一端与所述第二外层永磁体槽(122)的第一端相连通，所述第六折槽(36)的第二端朝向所述转子本体的外边沿处延伸，所述第六折槽(36)与所述第二折槽相邻地设置，所述第五折槽(35)的靠近所述第一永磁体槽组的直轴一侧的侧壁的端部与所述第六折槽(36)的靠近所述第二永磁体槽组的直轴一侧的侧壁的端部之间的连线与所述转子本体的转轴孔形成的转轴孔角为θb。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，其特征在于，所述定子齿(21)为多个，多个所述定子齿(21)沿所述定子部(20)的定子本体的内周面均匀地设置，多个所述定子部(20)包括依次设置的第一定子齿(211)、第二定子齿(212)和第三定子齿(213)， 所述第一定子齿(211)的定子齿靴(30)的远离所述第二定子齿(212)的端部上的点与所述第三定子齿(213)的定子齿靴(30)的远离所述第二定子齿(212)的端部上的点之间的连线与所述转子本体的转轴孔形成的转轴孔角为θc，其中，θb≤θc。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，其特征在于，任意两个相邻的所述定子齿(21)对应的几极弧度为θc1，θb≤θc1。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，其特征在于，所述外层永磁体槽和所述内层永磁体槽的端部均朝向所述转子本体的外边缘处设置，所述外层永磁体槽和所述内层永磁体槽与所述转子本体的外边缘处形成宽度相等的隔磁桥(40)。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，其特征在于，所述第一外层永磁体槽(121)的端部至所述转子本体的外边沿的距离为H，所述第一外层永磁体槽(121)的端部的宽度为M，所述隔磁桥(40)的宽度为H1，其中，0.4×M≤(H-H1)≤2×M。
  14. 一种电动汽车，包括永磁辅助同步磁阻电机，其特征在于，所述永磁辅助同步磁阻电机为权利要求1至13中任一项所述的永磁辅助同步磁阻电机。
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