WO2019173958A1 - 外墙饰面层空鼓检测方法 - Google Patents

外墙饰面层空鼓检测方法 Download PDF

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WO2019173958A1
WO2019173958A1 PCT/CN2018/078780 CN2018078780W WO2019173958A1 WO 2019173958 A1 WO2019173958 A1 WO 2019173958A1 CN 2018078780 W CN2018078780 W CN 2018078780W WO 2019173958 A1 WO2019173958 A1 WO 2019173958A1
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image
temperature
area
suspected
infrared
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French (fr)
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王宗山
翟志强
端木琳
邵正建
乐思扬
黄茂荃
方天姿
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大连理工大学
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Priority to US16/619,394 priority Critical patent/US11367171B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2018/078780 priority patent/WO2019173958A1/zh
Publication of WO2019173958A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019173958A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • G06T7/0004Industrial image inspection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/8851Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/18Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating thermal conductivity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/72Investigating presence of flaws
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/90Determination of colour characteristics
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00Details of television systems
    • H04N5/30Transforming light or analogous information into electric information
    • H04N5/33Transforming infrared radiation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10048Infrared image

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  • the present invention belongs to the field of construction engineering safety detection technology, and the technical means for wall quality inspection is an on-site detection method for detecting whether a building facade layer, such as a ceramic tile, has an empty drum safety hazard .
  • Pasting exterior wall facing bricks is a common form of exterior wall decoration in current urban high-rise buildings, and has been widely used for its aesthetic and economic advantages, but may cause safety hazards due to empty drums.
  • the main problem is that the construction quality is not up to standard or ageing, and the bond strength between the veneer layer and the concrete or brick base layer will gradually decrease with time.
  • the adhesion is not up to the requirement, It may cause the finish layer to be partially detached from the base layer to form an empty drum; if it is not reinforced, the empty drum area will gradually increase, eventually leading to the detachment of the finish layer completely from the base layer and causing accidents such as falling from a height. Due to the large inspection area, the need for fine inspection defects, and the limited height of the façade, a means of rapid diagnosis and detection of defects in the facade of the building facade is required.
  • the detection of exterior wall finish defects of buildings mainly includes tapping method, drawing method and infrared thermal imaging method. Because the tapping method and the drawing method are accurate, the requirements for the high-rise building facade are required. For aerial work operations, the time required for inspection is long, the efficiency is low, and the subjective judgment of the inspectors is greatly affected. Compared with other methods, the infrared imaging method is characterized by high efficiency, intuitive and rapid human and material cost. In the census external wall facing brick hollow drum application has obvious advantages, the relevant departments have also issued relevant inspection procedures and standards, but the existing infrared method in the actual detection and application process, has been subject to many restrictions, the main problems are as follows:
  • the detection result determined by simply relying on the color difference of the infrared image taken by the infrared method is easily affected by meteorological conditions, especially the influence of solar radiation, forming a constraint of the detection condition.
  • this direction can be used to detect the empty wall of the outer wall, thereby improving the detection efficiency of the external wall hollow drum, when the bulb is reheated, the detection conditions such as power supply and distribution are required, which is cumbersome and the temperature of the outer wall surface. The increase is very small, the heat is not uniform, and the effect is not obvious.
  • the current technical means are to determine the defect position by using the difference in color of the detected infrared image.
  • the common problem that has always existed is that the color difference is affected by the color temperature selected during the post-image processing. Factors such as the range of values have a lot to do with the need for artificial adjustment. For the entire census of the building's external walls, labor costs and time consumption are greatly increased, and the efficiency is low.
  • the analysis method that can use the computer for batch calculation will overcome the identification. Subjectivity in the process to improve the reliability of detection and identification.
  • the object of the invention is:
  • the invention proposes to convert the original infrared temperature image into a temperature gradient image through data processing, and the temperature on the boundary between the normal zone and the abnormal zone is obviously stepped, and the temperature gradient of the position is obviously higher than the gradient in the zone.
  • the gradient image is filtered and combined with the visible light contour to filter out the texture contour, and further processing can identify the location and contour of the region where the defect may exist.
  • an auxiliary technique for heating the surface by laser irradiation is performed, and the surface temperature difference is amplified to detect the defect.
  • the auxiliary means utilizes the long-distance transmission characteristics of the laser beam to realize non-contact detection, and the heating is rapid, the heating amount is uniform, the controllable adjustment and the accuracy, and the relationship between the temperature rise after the irradiation and the radiation amount can be used to identify and determine the empty drum. .
  • the identification determination method of whether or not the dummy defect of the veneer exists is performed by comparing the temperature difference in the temperature rise and fall process.
  • the surface of the drum is heated to form a "hot spot” when heated, and a "cold spot” is formed when the temperature is lowered when the temperature is lowered, and the temperature difference between the position of the empty drum defect and the normal surface occurs.
  • the variation characteristics of negative reversal exclude the influence of surface emissivity, wall material and other factors, and then confirm whether the empty drum exists.
  • the technical means improves the accuracy and reliability of the traditional infrared detection method identification, and avoids the danger of aerial work caused by the contact detection, and the detection efficiency is higher than the tapping method and the drawing method.
  • a method for detecting an outer wall veneer hollow drum the steps are as follows:
  • the method for detecting a defect of a building facade finish layer proposed by the present invention can realize remote detection in an actual detecting operation, avoiding dangerous work of a high altitude, and is easy to operate. In the data analysis and processing, it can not only overcome the subjectivity and instability caused by artificial color image color recognition, but also realize batch processing of image analysis through software, or perform real-time detection and analysis.
  • invention embodiment
  • the suspected defect parts and the surrounding area are summarized, the average temperature of the detection is measured a plurality of times, and the temperature difference is calculated. If it is found that the temperature difference has a significant positive or negative alternating phenomenon, it is determined that there is an empty drum defect in the suspected defect portion.
  • the external surface of the external wall to be inspected is irradiated by the laser surface light source for 2-5 minutes, and the temperature rise and recovery of the irradiation area are tracked by the infrared camera.
  • the overall change situation whether there is a temperature anomaly area in the observation area, if there is an abnormal area, select the area with obvious phenomena, perform image analysis processing through steps (1) - (3), and draw temperature changes of the abnormal area and the surrounding area. Curve; Calculate the heat transfer of the outer surface of the building using the laser emission power of the surface light source. If the calculation result is consistent with the actual test, it is determined that the area is the empty drum defect position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于建筑工程安全检测技术领域,提供了一种外墙饰面层空鼓检测方法。(1)利用红外温度梯度图像查找存在缺陷的可疑位置的方法。(2)对于检测条件不佳的场合,采用激光照射对表面进行加热的辅助技术手段,放大表面温差进行缺陷的检测。(3)对于存在温度异常的可疑区域,利用升温降温过程中的温差变化对比,进行饰面层空鼓缺陷是否存在的识别判定方法。本发明提出的建筑外立面饰面层缺陷的检测方法,在实际检测操作中可以实现远距离检测,避免人员高空危险作业,而且操作简便。在数据分析处理上不仅可以克服人为进行温度图像色彩识别带来的主观性和不稳定性,还可以通过软件实现图像分析的批量处理,或进行实时的检测分析。

Description

发明名称:外墙饰面层空鼓捡测方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于建筑工程安全检测技术领域, 墙体质量检测的技术手段, 为一种检 测建筑物外立面饰面层, 例如瓷砖等, 是否存在空鼓安全隐患的一种现场检测 方法。
背景技术
[0002] 粘贴外墙饰面砖是当前城市高层建筑中较为常见的一种外墙装饰形式, 并以其 美观、 经济等优点得到了广泛使用, 但是可能会形成空鼓脱落带来安全隐患。 其主要问题是因为施工质量不达标或年久老化, 造成饰面层与混凝土或砖墙基 层之间的粘结强度将会随时间的推移而逐渐下降, 当粘结力达不到要求时, 可 能造成饰面层首先会局部从基层脱开, 形成空鼓; 如果不进行加固, 空鼓面积 会逐渐增大, 最终导致饰面层完全从基层脱离并引发高处坠落等事故。 由于检 测面积大, 检测缺陷要求精细, 而且外立面高空作业受限, 需要一种能快速诊 断, 对建筑外立面饰面层进行缺陷普查的检测手段。
[0003] 目前对建筑物外墙饰面缺陷的检测主要有敲击法、 拉拔法和红外热像法, 因为 敲击法、 拉拔法虽然检测结果准确, 但是对于高层建筑外立面需要高空作业操 作, 检测所需的时间很长, 效率低, 并且受检测人员的主观判断影响较大; 而 红外成像法与其他方法相比, 因为其效率高, 直观快速人力物力成本低等特点 , 在普查外墙饰面砖空鼓应用上具有明显优势, 相关部门也颁布了检测相关规 程和标准, 但是现有红外法在实际检测应用过程中, 受到诸多限制, 存在的主 要问题有如下几点:
[0004] 1、 红外法检测外墙饰面砖空鼓时, 单纯依靠拍摄的红外图像色彩差异进行判 定的检测结果很容易受到气象条件, 尤其是太阳辐射的影响, 形成检测条件的 制约。
[0005] 在受到较强的太阳辐射强度照射下外墙表面空鼓区域和正常区域的温度差异不 断随时间变化, 在 《红外热像法检测建筑外墙饰面粘结质量技术规程》 (JGJ/T2 77-2012) 中只对全国部分城市适宜的检测时段做出了规定, 但缺乏普遍性通用 性的准则。 申请号为 201610523425.X (—种外墙空鼓缺陷的红外质量检测方法 ) 的中国专利提出对整个墙面在阳光照射后喷冷却液进行降温的方法, 来减少 检测误差的方法。 虽然可行但是需要对外墙表面降温 5-15分钟, 并且喷洒均匀, 实际执行过程中操作难度相对大、 费用成本较高。
[0006] 在气象条件不佳时 (如阴天, 大雾) , 墙面的温差会十分微小, 尤其是北向外 立面红外热像仪的检测效果会大大降低; 申请号为 200810207217.4的中国专利公 开了检验古代壁画空鼓位置的非接触无损检测方法, 通过灯泡对外墙表面进行 加温, 通过红外线热成像获得热像图, 从而判定热量上升不明显区域为空鼓区 。 这种方向虽然能使用到外墙空鼓的检测上, 从而提高对外墙空鼓的检测效率 , 但灯泡进行再加温时, 需要供配电等检测条件, 比较繁琐, 而且外墙表面的 温度上升幅度非常的小, 受热不均匀, 效果不明显。
[0007] 2、 目前的技术手段都是利用温度差异造成检测到的红外图像的色彩差异进行 缺陷位置的判定, 一直存在的共性问题就是, 显色差异受到后期图像处理过程 中选择的显色温度取值范围等因素有很大关系, 需要人为的设置调整, 对于建 筑外墙的整个普查来说人力成本、 时间消耗大大增加, 效率低下, 能够利用计 算机进行批处理计算的分析方法将能够克服识别过程中的主观性, 提高检测识 别的可靠性。
[0008] 3、 红外法检测外墙饰面砖空鼓时, 周围环境辐射、 墙面外表面的发射率、 表 面颜色、 拍摄角度会对检测结果产生很大的影响, 红外图片上可能会出现不是 空鼓造成的温度异常区, 这样单纯依赖红外热像图和可见光图像对比存在较高 的误判率, 为此不能充分确定饰面层粘结缺陷, 还需要采用锤击法、 拉拔法等 其他辅助检测方法进行必要的验证。
发明概述
技术问题
[0009] 本发明的目的是:
[0010] (1) 利用红外温度梯度图像查找存在缺陷的可疑位置的方法。
[0011] 由于红外相机温度测试精度虽然不高, 但是其温度的分辨率可以达到 50mK以 上, 本发明提出将原始的红外温度图像通过数据处理转化为温度梯度图像, 在 正常区和异常区的边界上的温度出现明显阶跃, 其位置的温度梯度将明显高于 区域内的梯度, 将梯度图像进行滤波处理, 和可见光轮廓线对比两种手段结合 , 过滤掉纹理轮廓, 进一步处理, 可标识出可能存在缺陷的区域位置和轮廓。
[0012] (2) 对于检测条件不佳的场合, 尤其北立面或者太阳辐照强度不理想的情况 下, 采用激光照射对表面进行加热的辅助技术手段, 放大表面温差进行缺陷的 检测。 该种辅助手段利用激光束远距离传输特性实现非接触检测, 并且加热迅 速, 加热量均匀, 可控调节并且准确, 利用照射后的温升情况与辐射量的关系 即可进行空鼓的识别判定。
[0013] (3) 对于存在温度异常的可疑区域, 利用升温降温过程中的温差变化对比, 进行饰面层空鼓缺陷是否存在的识别判定方法。
[0014] 由于存在饰面层空鼓的区域, 在加热时空鼓表面升温快形成“热斑”, 降温时降 温快会形成“冷斑”, 利用空鼓缺陷位置与正常表面的温差会出现正负反转的变化 特征, 排除表面发射率、 墙体材质等其他因素的影响, 进而确认空鼓是否存在 。 该技术手段提高了传统红外检测方法识别的准确性和可靠性, 相比敲击法、 拉拔法避免了接触式检测带来的高空作业危险, 而且检测效率较高。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0015] 本发明的技术方案:
[0016] 一种外墙饰面层空鼓检测方法, 步骤如下:
[0017] ( 1) 当待检测外墙处于太阳辐照条件好时, 在表面升温阶段进行建筑外立面 的红外温度图像测试, 获取原始可见光图像和红外图像, 记录每张图像的编号 、 对应的拍摄位置信息以及太阳辐射强度信息;
[0018] 依据拍摄角度, 参照可见光图像的标识点, 对原始可见光图像和红外图像进行 图像整形校准, 校准为正对拍摄的平面图像;
[0019] (2) 将上一步处理得到的红外图像转化成温度梯度图像, 依据测试情况进行 调整滤波, 去除温度梯度图像表面纹理影响, 得到表面温度异常区域轮廓图, 然后与原始可见光图像轮廓进行比较, 进而从红外图像中标识出立面原始区块 轮廓线, 剩余的其他轮廓线封闭区域表示为缺陷可疑区块;
[0020] (3) 筛选出存在缺陷可疑区块的图像, 将得到的缺陷可疑区块对应的可疑轮 廓线标识在红外图像及原始可见光图像上, 并分别计算该缺陷可疑区块与其周 围区块的面积和平均温度;
[0021] (4) 根据记录图像的编号、 拍摄位置信息以及原始可见光图像上标识的缺陷 可疑区域, 对建筑存在可疑缺陷部位进行定位后; 针对可疑缺陷部位在降温时 间段进行再次诊察, 重复上述步骤 ( 1) - (3) 的操作;
[0022] 汇总每个可疑缺陷部位及周围区域, 多次测量检测的平均温度, 并计算温差, 若发现温差出现明显正负交替现象, 则判定该可疑缺陷部位存在空鼓缺陷。 发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0023] 本发明的有益效果: 本发明提出的建筑外立面饰面层缺陷的检测方法, 在实际 检测操作中可以实现远距离检测, 避免人员高空危险作业, 而且操作简便。 在 数据分析处理上不仅可以克服人为进行温度图像色彩识别带来的主观性和不稳 定性, 还可以通过软件实现图像分析的批量处理, 或者进行实时的检测分析。 发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0024] 以下结合技术方案, 进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例
[0025] 外墙饰面层空鼓检测方法, 步骤如下:
[0026] ( 1) 当待检测外墙处于太阳辐照条件好时, 在表面升温阶段进行建筑外立面 的红外温度图像测试, 获取原始可见光图像和红外图像, 记录每张图像的编号 、 对应的拍摄位置信息以及太阳辐射强度信息;
[0027] 依据拍摄角度, 参照可见光图像的标识点, 对原始可见光图像和红外图像进行 图像整形校准, 校准为正对拍摄的平面图像;
[0028] (2) 将上一步处理得到的红外图像转化成温度梯度图像, 依据测试情况进行 调整滤波, 去除温度梯度图像表面纹理影响, 得到表面温度异常区域轮廓图, 然后与原始可见光图像轮廓进行比较, 进而从红外图像中标识出立面原始区块 轮廓线, 剩余的其他轮廓线封闭区域表示为缺陷可疑区块;
[0029] (3) 筛选出存在缺陷可疑区块的图像, 将得到的缺陷可疑区块对应的可疑轮 廓线标识在红外图像及原始可见光图像上, 并分别计算该缺陷可疑区块与其周 围区块的面积和平均温度;
[0030] (4) 根据记录图像的编号、 拍摄位置信息以及原始可见光图像上标识的缺陷 可疑区域, 对建筑存在可疑缺陷部位进行定位后; 针对可疑缺陷部位在降温时 间段进行再次诊察, 重复上述步骤 ( 1) - (3) 的操作;
[0031] 汇总每个可疑缺陷部位及周围区域, 多次测量检测的平均温度, 并计算温差, 若发现温差出现明显正负交替现象, 则判定该可疑缺陷部位存在空鼓缺陷。
[0032] 对于要求的检测时间内, 气象条件不好, 表面温度没有明显差异的情况下, 利 用激光面光源照射待检测外墙 2-5分钟, 并用红外相机跟踪记录照射区域的温度 上升和恢复的整体变化情况, 观察区域内是否出现温度异常区域, 若出现异常 区, 选取现象明显的区域面, 通过步骤 ( 1) - (3) 进行图像分析处理, 并绘制 异常区域与周围区域的温度变化曲线; 利用面光源的激光发射功率进行建筑外 表面传热计算, 如计算结果与实际测试吻合, 则判定该区域为空鼓缺陷位置。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种外墙饰面层空鼓检测方法, 其特征在于, 步骤如下:
(D 当待检测外墙处于太阳辐照条件好时, 在表面升温阶段进行建 筑外立面的红外温度图像测试, 获取原始可见光图像和红外图像, 记 录每张图像的编号、 对应的拍摄位置信息以及太阳辐射强度信息; 依据拍摄角度, 参照可见光图像的标识点, 对原始可见光图像和红外 图像进行图像整形校准, 校准为正对拍摄的平面图像;
(2) 将上一步处理得到的红外图像转化成温度梯度图像, 依据测试 情况进行调整滤波, 去除温度梯度图像表面纹理影响, 得到表面温度 异常区域轮廓图, 然后与原始可见光图像轮廓进行比较, 进而从红外 图像中标识出立面原始区块轮廓线, 剩余的其他轮廓线封闭区域表示 为缺陷可疑区块;
(3) 筛选出存在缺陷可疑区块的图像, 将得到的缺陷可疑区块对应 的可疑轮廓线标识在红外图像及原始可见光图像上, 并分别计算该缺 陷可疑区块与其周围区块的面积和平均温度;
(4) 根据记录图像的编号、 拍摄位置信息以及原始可见光图像上标 识的缺陷可疑区域, 对建筑存在可疑缺陷部位进行定位后; 针对可疑 缺陷部位在降温时间段进行再次诊察, 重复上述步骤 ( 1) - (3) 的 操作;
汇总每个可疑缺陷部位及周围区域, 多次测量检测的平均温度, 并计 算温差, 若发现温差出现明显正负交替现象, 则判定该可疑缺陷部位 存在空鼓缺陷。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的外墙饰面层空鼓检测方法, 其特征在于, 对于 要求的检测时间内, 气象条件不好, 表面温度没有明显差异的情况下 , 利用激光面光源照射待检测外墙 2-5分钟, 并用红外相机跟踪记录 照射区域的温度上升和恢复的整体变化情况, 观察区域内是否出现温 度异常区域, 若出现异常区, 选取现象明显的区域面, 通过步骤 ( 1 ) - (3) 进行图像分析处理, 并绘制异常区域与周围区域的温度变化 曲线; 利用面光源的激光发射功率进行建筑外表面传热计算, 如计算 结果与实际测试吻合, 则判定该区域为空鼓缺陷位置。
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