WO2019172009A1 - Dispositif de communication et procédé d'estimation de position, programme d'estimation de position et système de communication - Google Patents

Dispositif de communication et procédé d'estimation de position, programme d'estimation de position et système de communication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019172009A1
WO2019172009A1 PCT/JP2019/007176 JP2019007176W WO2019172009A1 WO 2019172009 A1 WO2019172009 A1 WO 2019172009A1 JP 2019007176 W JP2019007176 W JP 2019007176W WO 2019172009 A1 WO2019172009 A1 WO 2019172009A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
communication
mobile station
area
radio
vehicle
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PCT/JP2019/007176
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
隆行 外山
利哲 具
幹博 大内
竜二 牟田
Original Assignee
パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2018230396A external-priority patent/JP7241296B2/ja
Application filed by パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 filed Critical パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
Priority to CN201980017269.1A priority Critical patent/CN111837049B/zh
Priority to EP19764018.8A priority patent/EP3764122A4/fr
Publication of WO2019172009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019172009A1/fr
Priority to US17/011,643 priority patent/US20200400776A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/12—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves by co-ordinating position lines of different shape, e.g. hyperbolic, circular, elliptical or radial
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07B—TICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00—Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/06—Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a communication device, a position estimation method, a position estimation program, and a communication system.
  • ETC Electronic Toll Collection
  • DSRC Dedicated Short Range Communications
  • Non-Patent Document 3 road pricing services using systems using the DSRC standard (Non-Patent Document 3) are being provided worldwide in Europe, South Korea, and the like.
  • 3GPP Three Generation Partnership Project
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • V2X Vehicle to Everything
  • Road-to-vehicle communication is also spreading to uses other than electronic toll collection systems that have already been put into practical use.
  • the non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure contributes to the provision of an improved communication device, a position estimation method, a position estimation program, and a communication system that estimate the position of a mobile station.
  • a communication apparatus includes a reception circuit that receives a radio signal transmitted by a mobile station, and a signal including information on at least two of the arrival direction, arrival time, and reception power of the radio signal And a processing circuit that estimates a position of the mobile station based on a waveform profile.
  • a position estimation method receives a radio signal transmitted from a mobile station, and includes a signal waveform profile including information on at least two of the arrival direction, arrival time, and reception power of the radio signal Is used to estimate the position of the mobile station.
  • a position estimation program is a computer that receives information on at least two of a process of receiving a radio signal transmitted from a mobile station and an arrival direction, arrival time, and reception power of the radio signal. And a process of estimating the position of the mobile station based on a signal waveform profile including
  • the communication system employs a configuration including a mobile station and a communication device according to the present disclosure.
  • an improved communication device a position estimation method, a position estimation program, and a communication system that estimate the position of a mobile station.
  • the figure which shows an example of a structure of the communication system used with an electronic bill collection system The figure which shows another example of a structure of the communication system used with an electronic bill collection system
  • the figure explaining the communication system which concerns on Embodiment 1 The figure which shows an example of the sequence of communication between a roadside apparatus and vehicle-mounted communication apparatus
  • the figure which shows another example of the sequence of communication between a roadside apparatus and vehicle-mounted communication apparatus The figure which shows another example of the sequence of communication between a roadside apparatus and vehicle-mounted communication apparatus.
  • Transform) shown in FIG. The figure explaining operation
  • movement of the response waveform generator shown by FIG. The figure explaining operation
  • movement of the response waveform generator shown by FIG. The figure explaining the relationship between the phase difference in the received signal of the radio wave of each antenna element and the arrival direction of the radio wave
  • the figure explaining an example of the steering vector used for estimation of the arrival direction of an electric wave The figure explaining the waveform which the spatial correlator of FIG. 5 produces
  • FIG. 5 produces
  • An electronic toll collection system (Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) System) is an example of an on-board device installed in a vehicle that has a roadside machine in the lane or lane and passes directly under the roadside machine or through the lane corresponding to the roadside machine Communicate with roadside equipment and charge for passing vehicles.
  • ETC Electronic Toll Collection
  • the gate of the lane next to the lane in which the vehicle-mounted device is traveling opens. System operation may be disrupted.
  • communication is established between a roadside device and an in-vehicle device mounted on a vehicle passing through an adjacent general road that is not a vehicle traveling on a toll road to be charged, There is a possibility that the vehicle passing through may be charged by mistake.
  • Measures for suppressing the occurrence of the above problem include, for example, preventing the communication area from extending to a lane other than the lane that the roadside machine should originally cover as the communication area.
  • an antenna having a sharp directivity may be used in a roadside machine.
  • a radio wave absorber may be attached to a radio wave obstacle so that the radio wave is not reflected irregularly by roadside blocks, guard rails, tollgate gate facilities, and the like that are radio wave obstacles in or near the communication area.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a communication system used in an electronic fee collection system.
  • the communication areas 11 and 21 of the roadside devices 10 and 20 are set for each toll gate lane.
  • the in-vehicle communication device 30 of the traveling vehicle traveling in the communication area 11 of the roadside device 10 does not start communication with the roadside device 20.
  • the traveling vehicle carrying the vehicle-mounted communication device 31 that travels in the communication area 21 of the roadside device 20 does not start communication with the roadside device 10.
  • the traveling vehicles 32 and 33 traveling outside the communication areas 11 and 21 are not charged. Considering these, the antenna directivity of the roadside devices 10 and 20 is formed, and the communication areas 11 and 21 of the roadside devices 10 and 20 are set.
  • the time required for a vehicle traveling at a speed of 100 km / h to pass through the narrow area is about 1 second.
  • the electronic toll collection system performs communication establishment, authentication, and billing processing for the in-vehicle communication device of the vehicle.
  • the time that can be allocated to establishment of communication with each vehicle, authentication, and billing processing is 200 msec.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another example of the configuration of the communication system used in the electronic toll collection system.
  • Vehicles traveling on the side road 40 are not subject to billing processing.
  • another traveling vehicle for example, a vehicle on which the vehicle-mounted communication device 31 is mounted
  • serves as a radio wave reflector and is mounted on a vehicle traveling on the side road 40 through the radio wave path 42.
  • Communication may be established between the communicator 41 and the roadside apparatus 10 and charged.
  • a radio wave absorption band 50 is installed between the toll road 60 to be charged and the side road 40.
  • the radio wave absorption band 50 By installing the radio wave absorption band 50, communication between the vehicle-mounted communication device 41 of the vehicle traveling on the side road 40 and the road-side device 10 is established, and the road-side device 10 places the vehicle-mounted communication device 41 thereon. The possibility of erroneously charging the vehicle can be reduced.
  • the radio wave absorption band 50 since the radio wave absorption band 50 is installed, a construction cost is required.
  • This disclosure provides a communication device, a communication method, a communication program, and a communication system applicable to an electronic fee collection system.
  • the electronic fee collection system is an example of a service to which the communication device, the communication method, the communication program, and the communication system of the present disclosure can be applied, and the present disclosure is between the mobile body or the communication device mounted on the mobile body. It can be applied to various systems that communicate with each other.
  • Embodiments 1 to 6 according to the present disclosure will be described.
  • communication with a terminal and signal analysis such as a direction in which a radio signal transmitted from the terminal arrives are performed independently.
  • Each of Embodiments 1 to 6 may be implemented in combination with at least a part of other embodiments. Further, two or more embodiments of Embodiments 1 to 6 may be combined.
  • FIG. 3A is a diagram for explaining the communication system 1 according to the first embodiment.
  • the communication system 1 includes roadside devices 10 and 10a and vehicle-mounted communication devices (communication terminals) 30, 31, 32, 33, and 41.
  • vehicle-mounted communication devices communication terminals
  • FIG. 3A although the two roadside apparatuses 10 and 10a are shown, the number of roadside apparatuses may be arbitrary numbers.
  • the roadside devices 10 and 10a communicate with the in-vehicle communication devices 30, 31, 32, 33, and 41 of a plurality of vehicles that travel in the communication area 11 as shown in FIG. 3A, and the in-vehicle communication devices 30, 31, 32, and 33 Is determined to be traveling on a toll road (for example, a highway) 60, and the vehicle is charged.
  • a toll road for example, a highway
  • FIG. 3A the communication area 11 of the roadside device 10 is indicated by a broken line, and the communication between the roadside device 10 and the vehicle-mounted communication devices 30, 31, 32, 33, 41 is indicated by a thick arrow.
  • An alternate long and short dash line arrow indicates communication with the in-vehicle communication device 33 at the farthest point from the roadside device 10 in the communication area 11 of the roadside device 10.
  • vehicles equipped with the in-vehicle communication devices 30, 31, 32, 33, and 41 are hereinafter denoted by reference numerals attached to the in-vehicle communication devices such as the vehicles 30, 31, 32, 33, and 41.
  • the in-vehicle communication devices 30, 31, 32, 33, and 41 communicate with the roadside devices 10 and 10a.
  • the signals transmitted by the in-vehicle communication devices 30, 31, 32, 33, 41 may illustratively include a reference signal and identification information.
  • the in-vehicle communication devices 30, 31, 32, 33, and 41 may be terminals conforming to a communication standard of 3GPP (3rd generation generation partnership partnership project), for example.
  • Non-limiting examples of communication standards include LTE, LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), 4G (4th generation mobile mobile communication system), and 5G (5th generation mobile mobile communication system).
  • 5G is sometimes called NR (new radio).
  • the reference signal may include, for example, a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and a sounding reference signal (SRS).
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • the identification information is information for uniquely identifying the in-vehicle communication devices 30, 31, 32, 33, and 41 in the communication area (for example, cell) 11, for example. In a random access procedure described later, a random access preamble may be used as identification information. Further, when the identification information is used for the charging process for the traveling vehicle, the identification information uniquely identifies the charging user who uses the in-vehicle communication devices 30, 31, 32, 33, and 41.
  • FIG. 3B shows an example of a communication sequence between the roadside apparatus 10 and the vehicle-mounted communication devices 30, 31, 32, 33, and 40.
  • eNB base station apparatus, gNB in 5G
  • UE terminal
  • communication in the direction from the roadside device to the vehicle-mounted communication device may be referred to as downlink (downlink; DL) communication, and vice versa
  • communication in the direction from the vehicle-mounted communication device to the roadside device is uplink (uplink; UL).
  • uplink uplink
  • UL uplink
  • the UE searches for a cell of the eNB to which the UE can connect (cell search).
  • the cell is, for example, the communication area 11 shown in FIG. 3A.
  • the UE finds a connectable cell (in other words, eNB) by receiving broadcast information (for example, system information block, SIB) transmitted by the eNB.
  • broadcast information for example, system information block, SIB
  • the UE transmits a connection request (for example, a random access preamble) to the connectable eNB discovered in the cell search in RACH (Random Access Channel, random access channel).
  • the UE establishes a connection with the eNB by receiving an RAR (Random Access Response) as a response to the connection request from the eNB, and completes the RACH procedure.
  • RAR Random Access Response
  • FIG. 3A shows the connection request which the vehicle-mounted communication apparatus 33 transmitted to the roadside apparatus 10 in the random access procedure, for example.
  • the UE executes an attach procedure for registering the UE in the core network with respect to the eNB that has established the connection.
  • the UE transmits an allocation request (scheduling request) for radio resources (for example, time and frequency) used by the UE for communication with the eNB to the eNB.
  • the eNB that has received the scheduling request transmits permission information (grant) indicating the radio resource allocation result to the UE when the radio resource can be allocated to the connection request source UE.
  • the UE transmits a data signal to the eNB using the radio resource indicated by the received grant.
  • a solid line arrow shown in FIG. 3A indicates, for example, a data signal transmitted from the in-vehicle communication device 30, 31, 32, 41 to the roadside device 10.
  • 3C and 3D show another example of a communication sequence between the roadside device 10 and the vehicle-mounted communication devices 30, 31, 32, 33, and 41.
  • eNB corresponds to the roadside device 10
  • UE corresponds to the in-vehicle communication devices 30, 31, 32, 33, and 41.
  • the sequence up to the attach procedure shown in FIG. 3C and FIG. 3D is the same as the sequence up to the attach procedure shown in FIG.
  • the UE transmits, for example, an SRS (Sounding Reference Signal) after the attach procedure.
  • SRS is used for quality measurement of UL transmission from UE in eNB, for example.
  • the eNB may preferentially allocate UL radio resources to UEs having relatively high UL transmission quality.
  • a periodic mode shown in FIG. 3C UE transmits SRS to eNB for every fixed period.
  • the UE transmits an SRS to the eNB in response to a transmission request from the eNB.
  • the roadside device 10 can establish a communication session with the vehicle-mounted communication devices 30, 31, 32, 33, 41 from an earlier time.
  • establishment of communication with the vehicle-mounted communication devices 30, 31, 32, and 33 of many vehicles traveling on the toll road 60 can be performed with more margin.
  • the roadside device 10 is a vehicle-mounted communication device 30, 31, 32, 32 for a traveling vehicle in which the vehicle-mounted communication devices 30, 31, 32, 33, 41 communicate with the roadside device 10 (hereinafter referred to as a traveling vehicle in communication).
  • 33 and 41 feature quantities relating to information on the direction, time and intensity of arrival of radio waves are extracted.
  • the roadside apparatus 10 determines whether or not the traveling vehicle in communication is traveling on the toll road 60 based on the feature amount.
  • the roadside device 10 is registered in advance with, for example, the charging user uniquely identified by the identification information with respect to the in-vehicle communication devices 30, 31, and 32 of the vehicle determined to be traveling on the toll road 60.
  • the in-vehicle communication devices 30, 31, 32 of the vehicle are charged.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of the relationship between the communication device 401 according to Embodiment 1 and the uplink radio signal 400 received from the traveling vehicle.
  • the communication device 401 is, for example, a base station device (eNodeB).
  • the communication device 401 receives an uplink radio signal 400 from an in-vehicle communication device (for example, an LTE user terminal) mounted on a traveling vehicle.
  • the communication device 401 demodulates and decodes the received uplink radio signal 400 and outputs an IP (Internet Protocol) packet 402.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of the configuration of the communication apparatus 401 according to the first embodiment.
  • the communication device 401 is, for example, a base station device (eNodeB) configured as one unit of an LTE system (3GPP TS 36) having high affinity for a multipath environment.
  • the communication device 401 uses the same uplink radio signal input from a plurality of antennas.
  • an explanation will be given taking as an example input from four antennas.
  • the communication apparatus 401 includes a down converter 501 (501-1, 501-2, 501-3), an AD (analog-to-digital) converter 502 (502-1, 502-2, 502-3), a channel filter 503 (503-1, 503-2, 503-3), FFT 504 (504-1, 504-2, 504-3), frame timing generator 505, and demapper 506 (506-1, 506-2, 506-3), a decoder 507, a response waveform generator 701 (701-1, 701-2, 701-3), a spatial correlator 702, and a user terminal area determination unit 703.
  • a processing circuit configured using, for example, a semiconductor element.
  • the processing circuit may include a memory and execute a program stored in the memory. Further, the processing circuit may execute a program read from the connected external storage device.
  • Down converter 501 (501-1, 501-2, 501-3) converts a radio signal to a baseband frequency.
  • the AD converter 502 (502-1, 502-2, 502-3) converts the frequency-converted signal into a digital signal, and generates a discretized data signal.
  • the channel filter 503 (503-1, 503-2, 503-3) limits the discretized data signal to the frequency band of the desired signal.
  • the FFT 504 (504-1, 504-2, 504-3) converts the band-limited discretized data signal into a frequency domain signal. Details of the processing of the FFT 504 (504-1, 504-2, 504-3) will be described later with reference to FIG.
  • the frame timing generator 505 generates the frame timing of the downlink radio signal transmitted by the communication apparatus 401 that is a base station apparatus, for example. In one example, the conversion timing of the FFT 504 follows the frame timing generated by the frame timing generator 505.
  • the demapper 506 (506-1, 506-2, 506-3) extracts data to be demodulated from the frequency domain signal.
  • the decoder 507 performs a decoding process on the target data and extracts an IP packet.
  • the IP packet includes, for example, in-vehicle communication device identification information.
  • Down converter 501 (501-1, 501-2, 501-3), AD converter 502 (502-1, 502-2, 502-3), and channel filter 503 (503-1, 503-2, 503-3) 3), FFT 504 (504-1, 504-2, 504-3), frame timing generator 505, demapper 506 (506-1, 506-2, 506-3), and decoder 507 Among these, the contents described above are the same as those in the normal LTE uplink reception process. If necessary, processing specific to SC-FDMA (Single Channel-Frequency-Division Multiple Access) such as 1/2 subcarrier shift processing may be executed.
  • SC-FDMA Single Channel-Frequency-Division Multiple Access
  • the demapper 506 (506-1, 506-2, 506-3) takes out the reference signal 605 (see FIG. 6) mapped to the resource (block) used by the traveling vehicle in communication for communication. Next, the demapper 506 (506-1, 506-2, 506-3) outputs the extracted reference signals 605 to the response waveform generators 701 (701-1, 701-2, 701-3), respectively.
  • the response waveform generator 701 (701-1, 701-2, 701-3) performs Fourier transform (or discrete Fourier transform) on the product of a known reference signal and the reference signal received through each antenna, and generates an impulse response waveform. Generate.
  • the processing contents of the response waveform generator 701 (701-1, 701-2, 701-3) will be described later with reference to FIG.
  • Spatial correlator 702 correlates the impulse response waveform generated by response waveform generator 701 (701-1, 701-2, 701-3) and the steering vector for each time sample, and generates a spatiotemporal profile. .
  • the user terminal area determiner 703 estimates the position of the user terminal based on the spatiotemporal profile generated by the spatial correlator 702. Furthermore, the user terminal area determination unit 703 determines whether the traveling vehicle in communication is traveling on the toll road 60 based on the estimated position. Next, when the user terminal area determination unit 703 determines that the traveling vehicle in communication is traveling on the toll road 60, the user terminal area determination unit 703 charges the traveling vehicle; otherwise, the user terminal area determination unit 703 allocates to the in-vehicle communication device of the traveling vehicle. Free up resources.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of baseband data frequency-domained by the FFT 504 (504-1, 504-2, 504-3) shown in FIG.
  • the X axis is a time axis
  • the Y axis is a frequency axis.
  • the time width of one radio frame 600 is, for example, 10 milliseconds.
  • One radio frame 600 has ten subframes 602 for each band.
  • One radio frame 600 has a plurality of resource blocks 601 along the frequency axis direction.
  • the plurality of resource blocks 601 are 6, 15, 25, 50, 75, and 100 resources for 6 bands of 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz, respectively.
  • One resource block 603 has 14 symbols 604.
  • Symbol 604 has 12 subcarriers. Each subcarrier is modulated by QPSK (Quadrature Phase Keying), 16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), 64QAM, or the like.
  • QPSK Quadrature Phase Keying
  • 16QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
  • 64QAM 64QAM, or the like.
  • the user terminal that is an in-vehicle communication device transmits data using one resource block 603 assigned by the base station device.
  • the resource block 603 includes a reference signal 605 used for data demodulation.
  • the base station apparatus equalizes and demodulates the signal in units of subcarriers using the reference signal 605.
  • FIG. 7A to 7C are diagrams for explaining the operation of the response waveform generator 701 (701-1, 701-2, 701-3) shown in FIG.
  • the received waveform 801 of the reference signal 605 received from each antenna and taken out by the demapper 506 is not a direct wave in the radio wave propagation environment between the in-vehicle communication device mounted on the traveling vehicle in communication and the base station device.
  • Subject to frequency selective fading is caused by a reflected wave reflected by a radio wave obstacle present in the propagation environment.
  • Equation (1) the Fourier transform (or discrete Fourier transform) is performed on the product of the reception waveform 801 of the reference signal 605 (FIG. 7A) and the frequency waveform 802 (FIG. 7B) of the reference signal 605 itself. ), A time correlation waveform 803 (FIG. 7C) can be obtained.
  • Hrx (k) is a function representing the received waveform of the reference signal 605, and the received waveform 801 represents the power waveform.
  • Hrep (k) is a function representing the reference signal, and the frequency waveform 802 represents the power waveform.
  • h (l) is a function representing the impulse response waveform, and the time correlation waveform 803 represents the power waveform.
  • the time correlation waveform 803 is generally called a delay profile.
  • NSC is the number of points for performing (discrete) Fourier transform, and is 300, for example, in the LTE system bandwidth: 5 MHz.
  • f SC represents a subcarrier interval
  • T S represents the symbol duration. For example, if the LTE, employed subcarrier interval f SC is 15 kHz, the symbol period T S is approximately 66 microseconds.
  • FIG. 8A is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the phase difference in the received signal of the radio wave 910 of the antenna elements 901 to 904 and the arrival direction of the radio wave 910.
  • An array antenna 900 shown in FIG. 9 includes four antenna elements 901 to 904 as an example.
  • the antenna elements 901 to 904 are evenly arranged on the straight line at intervals of the distance L, and constitute the array antenna 900.
  • the radio wave 910 arriving at the array antenna 900 is sufficiently away from the transmission source of the radio wave 910, it can be regarded as a plane wave.
  • the phase difference between the antenna elements 901 to 904 is an integral multiple of ⁇ ⁇ sin ⁇ radians with the leftmost antenna element 901 as a reference.
  • FIG. 8B is a diagram for explaining an example of the steering vector AP ( ⁇ , k) used for estimating the direction of arrival of the radio wave 910.
  • the steering vector AP ( ⁇ , k) is a k-th (antenna element number k) counted from the left with the received signal of the plane wave arriving from the direction ⁇ at the leftmost antenna element and the leftmost as the 0th. ) Represents the phase difference from the received signal at the antenna element.
  • FIG. 9A to 9C are diagrams illustrating waveforms generated by the spatial correlator 702 of FIG.
  • the delay profile waveform graph 1000 shown in FIG. 9A shows the power of impulse response (delay response) waveforms 1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040 after Fourier transform of the reference signal received by the four receiving antennas of the base station apparatus. (Amplitude) Waveform is plotted. Since the antenna elements 901 to 904 shown in FIG. 8A receive substantially plane waves, the impulse response waveforms 1010, 1020, 1030, and 1040 have substantially the same waveform.
  • each of the impulse response waveforms 1010, 1020, 1030, 1040 has two peaks (peak 1011 and peak 1012, peak 1021 and peak 1022, peak 1031 and peak 1032, peak 1041 and peak 1042).
  • Peak 1011 and peak 1012, peak 1021 and peak 1022, peak 1031 and peak 1032, peak 1041 and peak 1042 Have Two peaks indicate that there are two arrival paths for the received signal.
  • each received signal received by the antenna elements 901 to 904 has a phase difference corresponding to a distance difference that is an integral multiple of the distance l shown in FIG. 8A, depending on the direction in which the received signal arrives.
  • the delay profile waveform graph 1000 is a plot of the power (amplitude) waveform, the actually generated phase difference (phase information) appears in the delay profile waveform graph 1000. Note that there is no.
  • the spatial correlator 702 shown in FIG. 5 has a waveform h ( ⁇ , k) of the same sample time ⁇ of the impulse response received by each antenna element and the steering vector shown in FIG. Take inner product Ang ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) with AP ( ⁇ , k).
  • K is the number of antenna elements of the base station apparatus
  • k is the antenna element number
  • ⁇ is the direction of arrival.
  • the arrival direction ⁇ is taken on the horizontal axis (X axis), the time ⁇ is taken in the depth direction (Y axis), and the magnitude of Ang ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is plotted on the vertical axis (Z axis).
  • the direction-of-arrival waveform graphs 1050 and 1060 shown in FIG. 9B and FIG. 9C are obtained.
  • the graph 1050 is a graph of the arrival direction waveform viewed from the Y-axis direction
  • the graph 1060 is the graph of the arrival direction waveform viewed from the Z-axis direction. Therefore, the graph 1050 is plotted on the same plane even if the arrival direction waveforms of the received signals that actually arrive at different times.
  • the arrival direction is taken on the X axis
  • the arrival time is taken on the Y axis
  • the received power intensity is taken on the Z axis, or the received power is shaded or colored on the XY plane.
  • the data representing the strength of the data or the data expressing them is called a spatio-temporal profile.
  • the arrival direction waveform 1051 reflects the correlation calculation result between the delayed wave corresponding to the peaks 1011, 1021, 1031 and 1041 and the steering vector.
  • the arrival direction waveform 1052 reflects the correlation calculation result between the delayed wave corresponding to the peaks 1012, 1022, 1032, and 1042 and the steering vector.
  • the incoming wave represented by the spatio-temporal profile 1061 corresponds to the incoming wave represented by the arrival direction waveform 1051.
  • An incoming wave represented by a spatio-temporal profile 1062 corresponds to an incoming wave represented by an arrival direction waveform 1052.
  • the communication system 1, the method for realizing the communication system 1, and the program according to the first embodiment equalize a plurality of received signals transmitted from a traveling vehicle in communication in the frequency domain independently of a communication circuit. An impulse response waveform is obtained and a spatiotemporal profile is generated. Next, the communication system 1, the method for realizing the communication system 1, and the program determine whether or not the traveling vehicle in communication is to be charged based on the spatiotemporal profile. According to the first embodiment, the billing area can be determined for the billing area set independently of the communication area.
  • the communication device and processing with the in-vehicle communication devices 30, 31, 32 of the traveling vehicle and the direction in which the reception received from the in-vehicle communication devices 30, 31, 32 of the traveling vehicle arrives are analyzed.
  • the antenna and processing are separated.
  • the determination processing of the in-vehicle communication devices 30, 31, and 32 of the traveling vehicle to be charged can be executed in parallel at higher speed. Therefore, it is possible to charge for more communicating traveling vehicles traveling on the toll road 60.
  • the communication system 1 is used for the in-vehicle communication device 41 of the traveling vehicle outside the toll road 60 that should not be charged even when there is no special construction (for example, a radio wave absorption band) for controlling the electric field strength. On the other hand, it can be determined not to charge.
  • a radio wave absorption band for controlling the electric field strength.
  • the frequency domain is basically described. However, it is also possible to obtain an impulse response waveform by performing a convolution operation between a replica and a received signal in the time domain.
  • the response waveform generator 701 (701-1, 701-2, 701-3) performs Fourier transform on the frequency domain signal input from the demapper 506 (506-1, 506-2, 506-3), and Obtain the received signal in the time domain.
  • the response waveform generator 701 (701-1, 701-2, 701-3) may obtain an impulse response waveform by performing a convolution operation on the received signal in the time domain with a replica.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the user terminal area determiner 703 according to the second embodiment.
  • the chargeable area 1110 on the travel road is included in the communication area 11 of the roadside device 10.
  • Spatiotemporal profile waveforms 1121, 1122, 1123, and 1124 are obtained at four points P1, P2, P3, and P4 in the billing target area 1110, respectively.
  • the spatio-temporal profile waveforms 1121, 1122, 1123, and 1124 in the billing target area 1110 can be clearly distinguished from each other by using features different from the spatiotemporal profile outside the billing target area 1110.
  • the user terminal area determination unit 703 determines whether or not a traveling vehicle in communication is a charging target by determining whether or not a plurality of spatio-temporal profiles have the characteristics of the spatio-temporal profile in the charging target area 1110. Determine.
  • the criterion for determining whether or not the spatiotemporal profile waveforms 1121, 1122, 1123, and 1124 have the spatiotemporal profile characteristics in the billing area 1110 is a combination of the spatiotemporal profile waveforms 1121, 1122, 1123, and 1124. Whether the waveform falls within the area determined by the arrival waveform of the received signal and its delay time. The area determined by the arrival waveform of the received signal and its delay time is, for example, the area 1131 within the frame 1130.
  • the criteria for determining whether or not the spatiotemporal profile waveforms 1121, 1122, 1123, and 1124 have the spatiotemporal profile characteristics in the billing area 1110 are the spatiotemporal profile waveforms 1121, 1122, 1123, and 1124. Among them, whether or not the number of signals that fall within the area determined by the arrival waveform of the received signal and its delay time exceeds a certain threshold value. By setting the threshold appropriately, the reliability of the determination can be improved.
  • a plurality of spatiotemporal profiles are used in area determination such as a billing area.
  • area determination is performed using a spatio-temporal profile created by equalizing other multiple received signals transmitted from a traveling vehicle in communication in the frequency domain to obtain an impulse response waveform. Also good.
  • the billing target area 1110 shown in FIG. 10 actually shields or reflects radio waves such as fixed obstacles such as guardrails and signs, and moving obstacles such as other traveling vehicles traveling around the area. There are many obstacles that do or both.
  • the user terminal shown in FIG. The possibility of erroneous determination by the area determiner 703 increases. Therefore, in the third embodiment, more spatiotemporal profiles are handled as image data and learned.
  • the chargeable area 1110 can be distinguished from other areas by using the learning result (model) for determination.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining an example of the operation of the learning device 1200 according to the third embodiment.
  • a user terminal area determination unit 703 according to Embodiment 3 includes a learning unit 1200.
  • the learning device 1200 learns the spatio-temporal profile of the traveling vehicle in communication and the correct determination result as to whether or not the traveling vehicle is traveling in the chargeable area 1110.
  • the learning device 1200 is, for example, a deep learning device or a support vector machine using a neural network.
  • the learning device 1200 may learn image data representing a spatiotemporal profile.
  • the image data is a plurality of image data 1210 individually representing the spatiotemporal profile waveforms 1121, 1122, 1123, and 1124 at predetermined positions in the billing target area 1110.
  • the image data is one image data 1220 in which spatio-temporal profile waveforms 1121, 1122, 1123, and 1124 at predetermined positions in the chargeable area 1110 are arranged in time series.
  • a plurality of spatiotemporal profiles in an area are learned as image data for area determination, and charge determination is performed using the generated model.
  • the reliability of the determination result by the user terminal area determiner 703 can be improved.
  • area determination is performed using a spatio-temporal profile created by equalizing a plurality of other received signals transmitted from a traveling vehicle in communication in the frequency domain to obtain an impulse response waveform. Also good.
  • a plurality of spatio-temporal profiles are used to reduce the probability of erroneous determination.
  • a plurality of spatiotemporal profiles in which spatiotemporal profiles are generated using a plurality of devices are used.
  • FIG. 12A is a diagram illustrating an example of a roadside apparatus 1320 according to the fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 12B is a diagram showing an example of spatiotemporal profiles (1331 to 1334 and 1341 to 1344) according to Embodiment 4.
  • the roadside apparatus 1320 forms a communication area 1321.
  • the spatio-temporal profile (1331 to 1334) of the in-vehicle communication device 30 of the traveling vehicle in communication generated by the roadside device 10 is obtained.
  • the determination accuracy of the determination result by the user terminal area determination unit 703 can be increased.
  • the number of roadside devices is two has been described, but the number of roadside devices may be an arbitrary number of two or more.
  • the determination criterion is multidimensionalized by using a plurality of communication devices for generating a spatiotemporal profile. According to Embodiment 4, the reliability of the determination result can be improved.
  • a spatio-temporal profile is acquired using a plurality of roadside devices 10 and 1320.
  • the RRH is installed in a place separated from the base station body by separating a part of the functions of the base station apparatus.
  • the base station body is referred to as a baseband unit (BBU), for example.
  • BBU baseband unit
  • an optical interface such as CPRI (common public radio interface) may be used.
  • RRH may be called RRE (remote radio equipment) or DU (distributed unit).
  • the BBU may also be called CBBU (centralized BBU) or CU (central unit).
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a roadside device 1400 according to the fifth embodiment.
  • the roadside device 1400 according to Embodiment 5 includes a terminal remote radio head (RRH) 1421, an intermediate remote radio head 1422, and a baseband unit (communication device) 1430.
  • the remote radio head at the end is a remote head that does not have an upstream remote head among serially connected remote radio heads.
  • the intermediate remote radio head is a remote head other than the most upstream remote head among serially connected remote radio heads.
  • An intermediate remote radio head 1422 is provided downstream of the distal remote radio head 1421.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a case where there is one intermediate remote radio head 1422, but there may be a plurality of intermediate remote radio heads 1422.
  • a plurality of remote radio heads 1421 at the end may be provided in parallel upstream of the baseband unit 1430 without providing the intermediate remote radio head 1422.
  • the baseband unit 1430 decodes the uplink radio signal 1411 received by the terminal remote radio head 1421 and the uplink radio signal 1412 received by the intermediate remote radio head 1422 to generate an IP packet 1440.
  • the remote radio heads 1421 and 1422 generate a spatio-temporal profile using the reference signal 605 on the resource block 603 used for communication by the in-vehicle communication device of the target traveling vehicle.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining an example of the configuration of the terminal remote radio head 1421 according to the fifth embodiment.
  • the remote radio head 1421 at the end includes a downlink radio frame timing generator 1600 instead of the frame timing generator 505, and the result in the spatial correlator 702 is an intermediate result.
  • the remote radio head 1422 is output to the remote terminal 1422 and the user terminal area determination unit 703 is not provided. Description of points common to the communication apparatus 401 illustrated in FIG. 5 is omitted.
  • One of the channel filters 503 (eg, channel filter 503) (eg, channel filter 503) is a baseband (analog or digital) from one of the four antennas (eg, antenna # 1). ) Signal is passed to the baseband multiplexer 1701 of the intermediate remote radio head 1422, which will be described later with reference to FIG. Note that instead of one of the channel filters 503 (503-1, 503-2, 503-3) passing the baseband (analog or digital) signal to the intermediate remote radio head 1422, all the channel filters 503,503 -1,503-2, 503-3 may pass the baseband (analog or digital) signal to the intermediate remote radio head 1422.
  • the downlink radio frame timing generator 1600 receives the downlink signal transmitted from the baseband unit 1430 and performs synchronization processing to regenerate the frame timing synchronized with the radio frame timing.
  • the conversion timing of the FFT 504 (504-1, 504-2, 504-3) follows the frame timing generated by the downlink radio frame timing generator 1600.
  • the spatial correlator 702 correlates the impulse response waveform generated by the response waveform generator 701 (701-1, 701-2, 701-3) and the steering vector for each time sample, and generates a spatiotemporal profile.
  • the generated space-time profile is passed to the intermediate remote radio head 1422.
  • spatio-temporal profiles at a plurality of positions can be generated from reference signals on the same resource block using a plurality of remote radio heads 1421, 1422.
  • the user terminal area determination unit 703 can determine whether or not the traveling vehicle in communication is in the billing target area 1110 shown in FIG. 10 using a plurality of spatiotemporal profiles.
  • the radio frame timing is detected from the downlink signal, and the timing for generating the spatio-temporal profile is acquired.
  • a spatial profile can be generated.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining an example of the configuration of the intermediate remote radio head 1422 according to the fifth embodiment.
  • the intermediate remote radio head 1422 differs from the terminal remote radio head 1421 shown in FIG. 14 in that it includes a baseband multiplexer 1701 and a space-time profile multiplexer 1702. The description of the intermediate remote radio head 1422 is omitted with respect to the points in common with the terminal remote radio head 1421.
  • the baseband multiplexer 1701 multiplexes the baseband signal received from the remote radio head (for example, the remote radio head 1421 at the end) provided on the end side of the intermediate remote radio head 1422 and the baseband signal output from the channel filter 503. Then, the multiplexed baseband signal is passed to a remote radio head (not shown) or baseband unit 1430 provided on the baseband unit 1430 side. Similarly, the space-time profile multiplexer 1702 generates the space-time profile received from the remote radio head (for example, the remote radio head 1421 at the end) provided on the end side of the intermediate remote radio head 1422 and the space correlator 702 generates.
  • the spatiotemporal profile is multiplexed, and the multiplexed spatiotemporal profile is passed to the remote radio head or baseband unit 1430 provided on the baseband unit 1430 side.
  • Multiplexing may be, for example, time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), code division multiplexing (CDM), or space division multiplexing (SDM).
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining an example of the configuration of the baseband unit 1430 according to the fifth embodiment.
  • the baseband unit 1430 includes a signal selector 1501, an FFT 504, a frame timing generator 505, a demapper 506, a decoder 507, and a user terminal area determiner 703.
  • the signal selector 1501 selects the uplink baseband signal to be decoded from the uplink received signals from all the remote radio heads 1421, 1422.
  • the frame timing generator 505 generates frame timing in synchronization with the timing at which the baseband unit 1430 transmits a downlink signal.
  • the FFT 504 converts the uplink baseband signal to be decoded into a frequency domain baseband signal based on the frame timing generated by the frame timing generator 505.
  • the demapper 506 extracts a resource block to be decoded from the frequency domain baseband signal.
  • the decoder 507 extracts the IP packet that has been decoded at the above.
  • the baseband unit 1430 may further perform processing specific to SC-FDMA such as 1/2 subcarrier shift processing.
  • All connected remote radio heads 1421 and 1422 generate a spatio-temporal profile waveform using reference signals from the vehicle-mounted devices of all the traveling vehicles in communication, and transmit them to the baseband unit 1430.
  • the user terminal area determination unit 703 of the baseband unit 1430 determines whether or not the traveling vehicle in communication is within the billing target area, and outputs the determination result.
  • the spatio-temporal profile waveform is generated using the remote radio heads 1421, 1422.
  • an embodiment using the array antenna and the spatial correlator 702 can be considered as in the second embodiment.
  • user terminal area determiner 703 determines whether or not a traveling vehicle in communication exists within billing target area 1110 using a spatiotemporal profile having three-dimensional information.
  • the spatio-temporal profile information having three-dimensional information including arrival angle resolution, delay time resolution, and amplitude resolution information has a large amount of information.
  • the arrival angle is an angle indicating the arrival direction. The greater the amount of information, the longer it takes to determine whether or not the user terminal area determination unit 703 can charge, and the higher the information transmission means, the higher the communication cost and the calculation cost.
  • the delay spread and the angular spread are calculated.
  • the delay spread and the angular spread are calculated.
  • FIG. 17A and FIG. 17B are diagrams for explaining an example of compression of the spatiotemporal profile according to the sixth embodiment.
  • the spatio-temporal profile 1800 includes two delayed waves 1801 and 1802.
  • a dispersion 1811 in the delay direction and a dispersion 1812 in the arrival angle (angle indicating the arrival direction) are obtained for the two delayed waves 1801 and 1802.
  • the dispersion 1811 in the delay direction is called a delay spread Ds, and can be obtained by the following equations (3) to (5).
  • P (t) represents the strength of the received power at the discrete time t
  • T represents the maximum value of the observation time of the received power
  • the dispersion in the angular direction is called an angular spread As and can be obtained by the following equations (6) to (8).
  • P ( ⁇ ) represents the strength of the received power at the arrival angle (angle indicating the arrival direction) ⁇
  • ⁇ min and ⁇ max represent the minimum value and the maximum value of the observed arrival angle of the received power, respectively.
  • the user terminal area determiner 703 performs machine learning or multivariate analysis on the compressed set of spatiotemporal profiles 1830.
  • the multivariate analysis is, for example, multiple regression analysis, principal component analysis, factor analysis, canonical correlation analysis, or discriminant analysis.
  • the user terminal area determination unit 703 determines that the traveling vehicle in communication is in the chargeable area based on a smaller amount of information as compared with the set of uncompressed spatiotemporal profiles. It is determined whether it is inside.
  • machine learning or multivariate analysis is performed on the delay dispersion value (delay spread) and the arrival angle dispersion value (angle spread) extracted from the spatiotemporal profile. Then, using the result of machine learning or multivariate analysis, it is determined whether or not the traveling vehicle in communication is within the chargeable area. According to the sixth embodiment, the reliability of the determination result by the user terminal area determiner 703 can be improved.
  • the user terminal area determination unit 703 identifies and charges a vehicle determined to travel on a toll road. Instead of this, an embodiment in which processing other than charging is performed is also conceivable. For example, an embodiment in which the user terminal area determination unit 703 determines a person who passes through a specific passage, identifies the person who passes through, and records the passerby is also conceivable.
  • the array antenna 900 may be a two-dimensional array antenna. By using a two-dimensional array antenna, the direction of arrival can be detected in two dimensions.
  • the user terminal area determination unit 703 identifies and identifies the mobile terminal of the visitor determined to be in a specific area.
  • An embodiment in which information related to a specific area is provided to the mobile terminal is also conceivable.
  • the user terminal area determination unit 703 identifies and charges a vehicle determined to travel on a toll road. Instead, a charging device provided separately from the user terminal area determination unit 703 may perform a charging process for the vehicle.
  • the present disclosure has been described with respect to an example configured using hardware.
  • the present disclosure can also be realized by software in cooperation with hardware.
  • each functional block used in the description of each of the above embodiments is typically realized as an LSI (large-scale integration) that is an integrated circuit.
  • the integrated circuit may control each functional block used in the description of the above embodiment, and may include an input and an output. These may be individually made into one chip, or may be made into one chip so as to include a part or all of them.
  • LSI large-scale integration
  • IC integrated circuit
  • system LSI super LSI
  • ultra LSI depending on the degree of integration.
  • the method of circuit integration is not limited to LSI, and implementation using a dedicated circuit or a general-purpose processor is also possible.
  • An FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • a Reconfigurable Processor that can reconfigure the connection or setting of circuit cells inside the LSI may be used.
  • the present disclosure can be implemented in all kinds of apparatuses, devices, and systems (collectively referred to as communication apparatuses) having a communication function.
  • communication devices include telephones (cell phones, smartphones, etc.), tablets, personal computers (PCs) (laptops, desktops, notebooks, etc.), cameras (digital still / video cameras, etc.) ), Digital players (digital audio / video players, etc.), wearable devices (wearable cameras, smart watches, tracking devices, etc.), game consoles, digital book readers, telehealth telemedicine (remote health) Care / medicine prescription) devices, vehicles with communication functions or mobile transportation (cars, airplanes, ships, etc.), and combinations of the various devices described above.
  • Communication devices are not limited to those that are portable or movable, but any kind of devices, devices, systems, such as smart home devices (home appliances, lighting equipment, smart meters or non-portable or fixed) Measurement equipment, control panels, etc.), vending machines, and any other “things” that may exist on the IoT (Internet of Things) network.
  • smart home devices home appliances, lighting equipment, smart meters or non-portable or fixed
  • Measurement equipment control panels, etc.
  • vending machines and any other “things” that may exist on the IoT (Internet of Things) network.
  • Communication includes data communication by a combination of these in addition to data communication by a cellular system, a wireless LAN (local area network) system, a communication satellite system, and the like.
  • Communication devices also include devices such as controllers and sensors that are connected or coupled to communication devices that perform the communication functions described in this disclosure. For example, a controller or a sensor that generates a control signal or a data signal used by a communication device that executes a communication function of the communication apparatus is included.
  • the communication apparatus includes infrastructure equipment such as a base station, an access point, and any other apparatus, device, or system that communicates with or controls the various non-limiting apparatuses described above. .
  • a communication apparatus is based on a reception circuit that receives a radio signal transmitted by a mobile station, and a signal waveform profile that includes information on at least two of the arrival direction, arrival time, and reception power of the radio signal. And a processing circuit for estimating the position of the mobile station.
  • the processing circuit determines whether the mobile station is moving in an identification target area based on the estimated position, and the mobile station moves in the identification target area. If it is determined that the mobile station is present, the mobile station is identified based on identification information included in the radio signal.
  • the area to be identified is an area to be charged, and the processing circuit performs a charging process on the identified mobile station.
  • the mobile station includes a plurality of antennas
  • the processing circuit uses the reference waveform included in the radio signals respectively received by the plurality of antennas as the signal waveform profile.
  • a spatio-temporal profile representing the relationship between the arrival direction, the arrival time, and the received power is generated.
  • the processing circuit learns a plurality of the spatio-temporal profiles when the mobile station is moving in an area to be identified, and based on the radio signal received by the receiving circuit Based on the generated spatiotemporal profile and the learning result, it is determined whether or not the mobile station is moving in the area to be identified.
  • the processing circuit receives a signal waveform profile generated based on radio signals received by the other communication device via a plurality of antennas from another communication device, and the processing circuit generates The position of the mobile station is estimated based on the received signal waveform profile and the received signal waveform profile.
  • the other communication device is a remote radio head.
  • the processing circuit generates the signal waveform profile according to a radio frame timing of a downlink radio signal transmitted to the mobile station.
  • the processing circuit detects a value indicating dispersion of the delay amount and a value indicating dispersion of the arrival angle that is an angle indicating the arrival direction from the spatiotemporal profile, and Based on the value indicating dispersion and the value indicating dispersion of the arrival angle, it is determined whether or not the mobile station is moving in the area to be identified.
  • the position estimation method of the present disclosure receives a radio signal transmitted by a mobile station, and based on a signal waveform profile including information on at least two of the arrival direction, arrival time, and reception power of the radio signal, Estimating the position of the mobile station.
  • a position estimation program includes a signal waveform including information on at least two of a process of receiving a radio signal transmitted from a mobile station and an arrival direction, an arrival time, and reception power of the radio signal in a computer. And a process of estimating the position of the mobile station based on the profile.
  • the communication system of the present disclosure includes a mobile station and a communication device according to the present disclosure.
  • One aspect of the present disclosure is useful for charging a vehicle traveling on a toll road adjacent to a general road.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de communication pourvu d'un circuit de réception qui reçoit un signal radio émis par une station mobile, et un circuit de traitement qui estime la position de la station mobile sur la base d'un profil de forme d'onde de signal comprenant des informations relatives à au moins deux éléments parmi une direction d'arrivée, une heure d'arrivée et une puissance de réception du signal radio. Le procédé d'estimation de position reçoit un signal radio émis par une station mobile, et estime la position de la station mobile sur la base d'un profil de forme d'onde de signal comprenant des informations relatives à au moins deux éléments parmi une direction d'arrivée, une heure d'arrivée et une puissance de réception du signal radio. Le système de communication est pourvu d'une station mobile et du dispositif de communication selon la présente invention.
PCT/JP2019/007176 2018-03-08 2019-02-26 Dispositif de communication et procédé d'estimation de position, programme d'estimation de position et système de communication WO2019172009A1 (fr)

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EP19764018.8A EP3764122A4 (fr) 2018-03-08 2019-02-26 Dispositif de communication et procédé d'estimation de position, programme d'estimation de position et système de communication
US17/011,643 US20200400776A1 (en) 2018-03-08 2020-09-03 Communication device, position estimating method, non-transitory recording medium, and communication system

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