WO2019170148A1 - 组合压模 - Google Patents

组合压模 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019170148A1
WO2019170148A1 PCT/CN2019/077530 CN2019077530W WO2019170148A1 WO 2019170148 A1 WO2019170148 A1 WO 2019170148A1 CN 2019077530 W CN2019077530 W CN 2019077530W WO 2019170148 A1 WO2019170148 A1 WO 2019170148A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure plate
slider
stamper
ring
mold
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/077530
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王德伟
Original Assignee
瓦房店金冠达轴承制造有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 瓦房店金冠达轴承制造有限公司 filed Critical 瓦房店金冠达轴承制造有限公司
Publication of WO2019170148A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019170148A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a stamper, and more particularly to a stamper for heat treatment of a ring member.
  • the heat treatment of the bearing sleeve is essential for dimensional stability, fatigue, stress, etc. during use of the bearing sleeve.
  • Carburizing can greatly improve the performance of the bearing sleeve.
  • the bearing sleeve needs to be quenched after the carburization is finished, that is, the carburized workpiece is heated to a certain temperature and kept for a certain time, and then cooled at an appropriate speed to obtain a surface of high carbon martensite and a slat inside. Martensitic material. Martensite generates internal stress during the phase transformation, which causes the bearing sleeve to deform during the secondary quenching process.
  • CN201424494Y discloses a heat treatment bearing sleeve semi-automatic carburizing and quenching mold, which comprises an upper pressing die and a lower pressing die.
  • the bearing sleeve is first sleeved on the outside of the lower die, and then the upper die is pressed against the bearing sleeve, and the downward pressure is generated by the self-weight of the upper die.
  • the upper die breaks down the pressure and transmits the component to the bearing sleeve.
  • the contraction force of the bearing sleeve and the radial component force transmitted by the tapered surface of the upper die cancel each other to prevent the deformation of the bearing sleeve. Due to the different materials of the bearing sleeve, the shrinkage force is also different. The pressure of relying on the weight of the upper die cannot fully prevent the shrinkage of the bearing sleeve.
  • CN2700335Y discloses a combined movable mold for heat treatment of a bearing sleeve, which comprises a positioning plate, a boom, an inverted cone and a plurality of sliders.
  • the boom is fixed in the middle of the positioning plate.
  • the middle of the inverted cone has a hole that fits over the boom.
  • a plurality of sliders are located outside the inverted cone, the inner side of which is matched with the tapered surface of the inverted cone, and the outer side surface cooperates with the inner wall of the bearing sleeve.
  • a groove is provided on the outer side surface of the slider, and a tension spring for locking the slider is disposed in the groove.
  • the disadvantage of the above combined movable mold is that the tension spring can only fix the radial position of the slider, and the circumferential position of the slider cannot be fixed before the cone is pressed in, and may be unevenly distributed along the circumferential direction, which may be affected during the heat treatment process.
  • the shape tolerance of the bearing sleeve is limited due to the short adjustment distance of the vertebral body.
  • CN205115554U discloses a telescopic carburized steel material bearing sleeve quenching die, which comprises a chassis, a core composed of eight identically configured mold lobes, a cone inserted into the core, a connecting plate, a lock nut and a boom , retaining iron, cylindrical spiral tension spring and guide column.
  • the inner surface of the core is machined into an inner tapered surface.
  • the outer surface of the cone is machined to an outer tapered surface that matches the core.
  • the upper part of the boom is screwed with a lock nut.
  • the lock nut housing has a lands. The lands are screwed to the top surface of the cone.
  • the lock nut is fixedly connected to the cone via the lands.
  • the above-mentioned telescopic carburized steel material bearing sleeve quenching mold has the disadvantage that although the cone can be finely adjusted up and down to adapt to different specifications of the bearing sleeve, the adaptability of the same set of sliders is due to the short adjustment distance of the vertebral body. limited.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to prevent the ring member from shrinking during heat treatment and to adapt the ring members of different specifications, thereby reducing the cost of switching between ring members of different specifications.
  • the present invention discloses a stamper for heat treatment of a ring member, comprising: a first press plate and a second press plate; an inner mold and an outer mold installed between the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate, the inner
  • the mold includes a cone formed of a plurality of stacked hollow cone rings, the outer mold including a plurality of sliders defining a plurality of circumferentially spaced slides for slidably receiving the plurality of sliders
  • the slider defines a work surface for contacting an inner surface of the ring, the die having a first mode and a second mode, in the first mode, the inner die is at the first platen
  • the second pressure plate is fixed between the two pressure plates so that the working surface is stationary. In the second mode, the working surface can be enlarged or reduced by replacing hollow cones and/or sliders of different sizes. .
  • an inner sleeve is mounted in the inner mold along a central axis, the inner sleeve including a plurality of laminated inner sleeve gaskets, an inner sleeve foundation ring, and the inner sleeve gasket and the
  • the inner collar ring is larger than the larger size positioning ring, the positioning ring is radially embedded in the inner mold to axially fix the inner mold and the inner sleeve, and the inner sleeve is fixed to the inner sleeve by bolts One or both of the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate.
  • the slides are equally spaced apart from each other and extend along a central axis, the slide having a T-section in cross section, wherein the wider portion is closer to the central axis and the narrower portion is away from the central axis And the slider includes a protrusion that is mounted in the slide in a form fit.
  • the slider is constructed from a plurality of stacked slider members.
  • the slider is coupled to an angle adjustment block to define an angle of the work surface relative to the central axis.
  • a groove is provided on the slider, the angle adjustment block includes a cylindrical portion that is pivotally received within the groove, and the slider and the angle
  • the adjustment block is also provided with a bolt and a wedge block to immobilize the slider relative to the angle adjustment block.
  • the present invention also discloses a stamper for heat treatment of a ring member, comprising: a first press plate and a second press plate; an inner mold and an outer mold installed between the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate,
  • the inner mold includes a cone composed of a plurality of stacked hollow cone rings, the outer mold including a plurality of sliders in contact with the cone, and a plurality of diameters defined in the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate
  • the slider defining a work surface for contacting an inner surface of the ring, the die having a first mode and a second mode, at the first In the mode, the inner mold is fixed between the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate to make the working surface stand still.
  • the second mode by replacing hollow cones of different sizes
  • the ring and/or the slider can expand or contract.
  • an inner sleeve is mounted in the inner mold along a central axis, the inner sleeve including a plurality of laminated inner sleeve gaskets, an inner sleeve foundation ring, and the inner sleeve gasket and the
  • the inner collar ring is larger than the larger size positioning ring, the positioning ring is radially embedded in the inner mold to axially fix the inner mold and the inner sleeve, and the inner sleeve is fixed to the inner sleeve by bolts One or both of the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate.
  • the slide rails are equiangularly spaced apart from each other, the slide rails extend radially outward from the centers of the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate, respectively, and have a T-shaped cross section, wherein The wide portion is remote from the slider and the narrower portion is adjacent the slider, and the slider includes a protrusion that is mounted in the slide in a form fit.
  • the slider is constructed from a plurality of stacked slider members.
  • the slider is coupled to an angle adjustment block to define an angle of the work surface relative to the central axis.
  • a groove is provided on the slider, the angle adjustment block includes a cylindrical portion that is pivotally received within the groove, and the slider and the angle Bolts and wedges are also provided between the adjustment blocks to immobilize the slider relative to the angle adjustment block.
  • the stamper is also provided with a combination gasket for adapting the height of the different ring members between the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate.
  • the invention also discloses a stamper for heat treatment of a ring member, comprising: a first pressure plate and a second pressure plate; a tapered inner mold and an outer mold installed between the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate,
  • the outer mold includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced sliders in contact with the inner mold, the tapered inner mold being fixed relative to the second pressure plate, the first pressure plate including means for guiding the slider diameter
  • the slider defines a working surface for contacting the inner surface of the ring
  • the stamper further comprising a spacer fixedly contacted between the tapered inner mold and the first pressure plate
  • the mold has a first mode and a second mode, in which the first platen cannot move relative to the second platen such that the face is stationary, in the second In the mode, the first pressure plate is movable relative to the second pressure plate so that the work surface can be enlarged or reduced by replacing the spacers of different sizes.
  • the stamper of the present invention can prevent the ring member from shrinking during heat treatment and fit the ring members of different specifications, thereby being able to reduce the cost of switching between the ring members of different specifications.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a system for heat treatment of a ring in accordance with the present invention, wherein the system is in an operational mode.
  • Figure 2 shows a top view of the system of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the system of Figure 1 taken along line A-A of Figure 2 .
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a system in accordance with the present invention wherein the system is in a discharge mode.
  • Figure 5 shows a partial enlarged schematic view of the stripping device of the system of Figure 1.
  • Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a stamper in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the inner mold and the outer mold in the stamper of Fig. 6 in the other direction.
  • Figure 8 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a stamper in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figures 9a, 9b, 9c and 9d respectively show a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a stamper according to the invention, a front view and a side view of an angle adjustment block and a side view of another angle adjustment block.
  • Figure 10 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a stamper in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 11 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a stamper in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 12 shows a plan view of the first pressure plate in the stamper of Figure 11 .
  • Figure 13 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a stamper in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 14 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a stamper in accordance with the present invention.
  • System 100 includes a vessel 104 for containing a heat treatment liquid, such as quenching oil, a suspension device 102 fixedly disposed over the opening of the vessel 104, a self-suspension device 102 extending downwardly and rotatably coupled to the suspension device 102.
  • the lift rotary device 101 is capable of driving the console 103 to selectively move up and down relative to the container and/or about the central axis X.
  • a stamper 1 for arranging a fixed ring member (for example, a bearing sleeve) is carried on the console 103.
  • the console 103 is switchable between an operation mode in which the stamper 1 is immersed in the heat treatment solution and a discharge mode in which the stamper 1 leaves the heat treatment solution.
  • System 100 also includes a clamping device 120 that is operatively coupled to console 103 and stamper 1.
  • the clamping device 120 is for clamping the ring member on the stamper 1 and includes a first one that is operatively coupled to the stamper 1 and that is movable relative to each other along the central axis X by a mechanical transmission (eg, a worm gear) or a hydraulic drive
  • the clamping member 121 and the second clamping member 122 The specific operation of the clamping and unwinding of the ring on the stamper 1 is described in detail below.
  • System 100 also includes a return device 18 disposed on console 103.
  • the stripping device 18 is operatively coupled to the lifting and lowering device 101 and is controlled to be actuated only in the unloading mode to assist the ring member in discharging the stamper 1.
  • the stripping device 18 includes a return pin 107 operatively coupled to the stamper 1, a support disc 108 supporting the return pin 107, and a power sleeve operatively coupled to the support disc 108 for providing the force required to return the material. 109.
  • the System 100 also includes an additional cooling device 116.
  • the additional cooling device 116 includes an injection port and an infusion tube 117 disposed in the console 103, a pump 118 disposed on the suspension device 102, and a hose 119 having one end connected to the infusion tube 117 and the other end connected to the pump 118.
  • the main function of the additional cooling device 116 is to eject the heat treatment solution inside the stamper 1 in the operation mode so that the heat treatment solution comes into contact with the inner wall of the ring member on the stamper 1 to accelerate the cooling of the ring member.
  • FIG. 2 shows a top view of the system of Figure 1.
  • the container 104 is provided on the side wall with a plurality of agitators 113 for driving the flow of the heat treatment solution in the container 104, in particular, forming a vortex around the central axis X to make the heat treatment solution more fully contact with the workpiece, thereby improving the heat treatment efficiency.
  • the lifting and rotating device 101 includes a console bracket 115 that rotatably supports the console 103, and a rotating column 105, a lifting column 106, and a positioning column 112 disposed along the inner circumference of the suspension device 102.
  • the rotating column 105 is operatively coupled to a rotary transmission 114 and a return transmission 110 disposed on the console bracket 115.
  • the lift rotary device 101 is arranged to rotate about the central axis X by the rotary column 105 and the rotary transmission 114 driving the console 103 in the operating mode.
  • the lifting and rotating device 101 is arranged to rotate the power sleeve 109 around the central axis X by the rotating column 105 and the unloading transmission 110 in the unloading mode to assist the ring member in discharging the stamper 1.
  • the rotating column 105 includes a spline portion and a smooth portion.
  • the lift rotary device 101 is arranged to connect the rotary transmission 114 to the spline portion of the rotary column 105 in the operating mode and the return transmission 110 is coupled to the smooth portion of the rotary column 105, and is also arranged to connect the rotary transmission 114 in the discharge mode To the smooth portion of the rotating column 105 and the return conveyor 110 is coupled to the splined portion of the rotating column 105.
  • Such a configuration enables the console 103 to rotate only in the operating mode, while the unloading device 18 only functions in the unloading mode.
  • the lift column 106 is operatively coupled to the console bracket 115.
  • the lifting and rotating device 101 is arranged to drive the console bracket 115 up and down along the central axis X by the lifting column 106 during the switching between the operating mode and the discharging mode.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the system of Figure 1 taken along line A-A of Figure 2 .
  • the locating post 112 is slidably coupled (eg, by a ball bearing) to the console bracket 115 such that the console bracket 115 can only move along the central axis X.
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a system in accordance with the present invention.
  • the upper half of the stamper 1 is lifted away from the console 103 along with the workpiece in the unloading mode for workpiece replacement.
  • the system 100 is arranged to move the lower half of the stamper 1 along the retractable rail 111 provided on the suspension device 102 in the unloading mode. The radial direction is removed for the replacement of the workpiece.
  • the embodiment of Figure 5 is typically used for small workpieces, with the advantage that the space occupied by the replacement of the workpiece is small compared to the embodiment of Figure 1.
  • Figure 5 shows a partial enlarged schematic view of the stripping device of the system of Figure 1.
  • the power sleeve 109 is connected to the corresponding ratchets on the support disc 108 by the ratchet teeth disposed along the circumference thereof and the balls disposed in the ratchet teeth, so that the power sleeve 109 can be rotated without a full circumference.
  • the height h required for the upward movement of 108 is to urge the movement of the withdrawal pin 107 on the support disk 108, thereby assisting the ring member to discharge the die 1.
  • Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a stamper 1 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the stamper 1 includes a first platen 4 and a second platen 5, and an inner mold 2 and an outer mold 6 installed between the first pressure plate 4 and the second pressure plate 5.
  • the inner mold 2 includes two cones composed of a plurality of stacked hollow cone rings.
  • the outer mold 6 includes a plurality of sliders 14 that define a working surface S for contacting the inner surface of the ring.
  • the cone defines a plurality of circumferentially spaced slides to slidably receive the plurality of sliders 14.
  • the purpose of using a plurality of stacked hollow cone rings is to replace the hollow cone rings of different sizes (for example to remove the hollow cone ring a and to provide a larger hollow cone on the side of the hollow cone ring b opposite the hollow cone ring a)
  • the size of the inner mold 2 is changed by the ring c).
  • An inner sleeve 3 is mounted in the inner mold 2 along the central axis X.
  • the inner sleeve 3 comprises a plurality of laminated inner sleeve spacers 7, an inner sleeve base ring 8 and a larger size positioning ring 9 than the inner sleeve spacer 7 and the inner sleeve base ring 8.
  • the positioning ring 9 is radially embedded in the inner mold 2 to axially fix the inner mold 2 and the inner sleeve 3.
  • the inner sleeve 3 is fixed to the first pressure plate 4 and the second pressure plate 5 by bolts. It should be noted that the inner sleeve 3 can also be fixed to the first pressure plate 4 only by bolts or only to the second pressure plate 5 by bolts.
  • the first clamping member 121 acts on the first pressure plate 4 and the second clamping member 122 acts on the second pressure plate 5.
  • the first clamping member 121 and the second clamping member 122 utilize mechanical transmission (in this case)
  • the worm (or worm) or the hydraulic drive is brought close to each other such that the first platen 4 and the second platen 5 are close to each other to clamp the ring.
  • the first clamping member 121 and the second clamping member 122 utilize the machine.
  • the transmissions (in this embodiment using worm gears) or hydraulic transmissions are remote from one another such that the first pressure plate 4 and the second pressure plate 5 are moved away from one another to release the ring.
  • the ring member In the unloading mode, the ring member is removed from the stamper 1.
  • the ring member shrinks due to its own stress after the heat treatment, so that it is necessary to overcome the friction between the ring member and the stamper 1 to remove the ring member.
  • the top pin 123 which is now stationary relative to the first clamping member 121 and also relative to the first pressure plate 4, acts on the ring member along the central axis X such that the ring member is separated from the upper half of the stamper 1. The ring member is thereby removed from the stamper 1.
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the inner mold and the outer mold in the stamper of Fig. 6 in the other direction.
  • the runners are equally spaced apart from one another and extend along a central axis X.
  • the cross section of the slide is T-shaped or other shape in which the wider portion is close to the central axis X and the narrower portion is away from the central axis X.
  • the slider 14 includes a projection 21 that is mounted in a slide fit in a form fit.
  • the slider 14 is provided with a work block 15 on a surface opposite to the inner mold 2.
  • a gap serving as a liquid guiding groove exists between adjacent working blocks 15 to promote contact of the heat treatment liquid with the workpiece during the heat treatment, thereby improving heat treatment efficiency.
  • the outer circumference of the working block 15 of the slider 14 defines a working surface S.
  • the slider 14 is composed of a plurality of stacked slider members. The purpose of employing a plurality of stacked slider members is to replace the different slider members (for example, to remove the slider member d, and to provide a larger slider member on the opposite side of the slider member e from the slider member d) f) changing the size of the outer mold 6.
  • the stamper 1 has a first mode and a second mode.
  • the first platen 4 and the second platen 5 press the inner mold 2 such that the inner mold 2 is fixed between the first pressure plate 4 and the second pressure plate 5; the outer mold 6 is supported by the inner mold 2 A reaction force against the contraction force of the workpiece is generated to make the working surface S stand still and prevent the ring member from contracting during heat treatment.
  • the working surface S can be enlarged or reduced by replacing hollow cones and/or sliders 14 of different sizes to accommodate different sizes of rings.
  • the inner mold 2 includes a needle roller (not shown) composed of a plurality of rollers on the surface of the slide near the central axis X to assist in sliding of the slider 14 during the return.
  • the stamper 1 After the end of the first mode (eg, the quenching process), the stamper 1 enters the second mode.
  • the first platen 4 and the second platen 5 no longer press the inner mold 2, and the contraction force generated by the workpiece in the first mode at this time produces an axial component along the central axis X at the contact surface of the outer mold 6 and the inner mold 2.
  • the outer mold 6 is separated from the workpiece.
  • Figure 8 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a stamper 1 according to the invention. The difference from the embodiment of Fig. 6 is that the inner mold 2 comprises only one vertebral body.
  • Figure 9a shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a stamper 1 according to the invention.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 9a differs from the first embodiment of Fig. 6 in that the slider 14 is connected with an angle adjustment block 16 to define an angle a of the working surface S with respect to the central axis X.
  • Figures 9b and 9c show front and side views, respectively, of the angle adjustment block 16.
  • a groove is provided in the slider 14, and the angle adjustment block 16 includes a cylindrical portion that is pivotally received within the groove.
  • Bolts and wedges 17 are also provided between the slider 14 and the angle adjustment block 16 to immobilize the slider 14 relative to the angle adjustment block 16.
  • Figure 9d shows a side view of another angle adjustment block 16'.
  • Another angle adjustment block 16' is wedge-shaped and fastened to the slider 14 by bolts.
  • Figure 10 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a stamper 1 according to the invention.
  • the embodiment of Figure 10 differs from the embodiment of Figure 9a in that the inner mold 2 comprises only one vertebral body.
  • Figure 11 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a stamper 1 according to the invention.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 11 differs from the embodiment of Fig. 9a in that a plurality of radial slides are defined in the first pressure plate 4 and the second pressure plate 5 in order to slidably receive the plurality of sliders 14.
  • Figure 12 shows a plan view of the first pressure plate 4 in the stamper of Figure 11 .
  • the chutes are equiangularly spaced apart from each other and extend radially outward from the centers of the first platen 4 and the second platen 5, respectively (only the first platen 4 is shown in Fig. 7), and the cross section is T-shaped (not shown) Out), wherein the wider portion is away from the slider 14, and the narrower portion is closer to the slider 14.
  • Figure 13 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a stamper 1 according to the invention.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 13 differs from the embodiment of Fig. 11 in that the unloading pin 107 and the topping pin 123 do not act on the ring member, but act on the lower half and the upper half of the inner mold 2, respectively, and the stamper 1
  • a combination spacer 19 for adapting the height of the different ring members is also provided between the first pressure plate 4 and the second pressure plate 5.
  • the lower half and the upper half of the inner mold 2 are fixed to the inner sleeve 3 by fixing bolts 125 and spacer sets 124, 127 of adjustable thickness, respectively, so as to adjust the inner mold 2 by replacing the spacer sets 124, 127 of different thicknesses.
  • the axial position of the lower half and the upper half allows the working surface S to expand or contract, achieving the purpose of processing a ring member whose radial dimension varies within a small range.
  • the ring member is removed from the stamper 1.
  • the unloading pin 107 ejects the lower half of the inner mold 2
  • the lower half of the outer mold 6 is disposed in the ring member and around the outer mold 6 due to the slidable contact between the inner mold 2 and the outer mold 6.
  • the contraction force of the retaining spring 126 is gradually displaced from the lower half of the inner mold 2, so that the lower half of the outer mold 6 is no longer separated from the annular member against the contracting force of the annular member.
  • the ring member is still fastened to the upper half of the stamper 1 due to the frictional force.
  • the top pin 123 which is held stationary relative to the first platen 4, then acts on the shim group 127 and the inner sleeve 3 along the central axis X such that the shim pack 127 and the inner shroud 3 are separated from the second platen 5 by a small distance.
  • the bolts that fix the inner sleeve 3 to the second pressure plate 5 are disposed such that the inner sleeve 3 can be separated from the second pressure plate 5 by a small distance). Since the upper half of the outer mold 6 (the slider 14) is slidably received in the slide of the second pressure plate 5, and the inner mold 2 is slidably contacted with the outer mold 6, the upper half of the outer mold 6 is in the ring shape.
  • the contracting force of the member and the circlip 126 is gradually displaced from the upper half of the inner mold 2, so that the upper half of the outer mold 6 is no longer separated from the annular member against the contracting force of the annular member.
  • the ring member can be removed from the stamper 1.
  • Figure 14 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a stamper 1 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the stamper 1 includes a first platen 4, a second platen 5, and a tapered inner mold 52 and an outer mold 6 mounted between the first pressure plate 4 and the second pressure plate 5.
  • the outer mold 6 includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced sliders 14 that are in contact with the inner mold 52.
  • the tapered inner mold 52 is fixed relative to the second pressure plate 5.
  • the first pressure plate 4 includes a guiding structure 18 for guiding the radial movement of the slider 14.
  • the slider 14 defines a work surface S for contacting the inner surface of the ring.
  • the stamper 1 further includes a spacer 53 that is fixedly contacted between the tapered inner mold 52 and the first pressure plate 4.
  • the stamper 1 has a first mode and a second mode.
  • the first platen 4 cannot move relative to the second platen 5 so that the work surface S is stationary.
  • the first pressure plate 4 is movable relative to the second pressure plate 5 so that the work surface S is enlarged or contracted by replacing the spacers 53 of different sizes.

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Abstract

用于环形件热处理的压模（1），包括：第一压板（4）与第二压板（5）之间的内模（2）和外模（6），内模（2）包括由多个层叠的空心锥环构成的锥体，外模（6）包括多个滑块（14），滑块（14）限定接触环形件内表面的工作面（S）。在第一模式中，内模（2）固定不动，以使工作面（S）不动；在第二模式中，通过更换不同尺寸的空心锥环和/或滑块（14），工作面（S）能够扩大或缩小。可防止环形件收缩，适配不同规格的环形件。

Description

组合压模 技术领域
本发明涉及一种压模，特别是一种用于环形件热处理的压模。
背景技术
轴承套的热处理对于轴承套使用过程中的尺寸稳定性、疲劳、应力等至关重要。渗碳处理能够大大改善轴承套的使用性能。轴承套在渗碳结束后需要进行二次淬火，即，将渗碳后的工件加热到某一温度并且保持一定时间，然后以适当速度冷却，获得表面为高碳马氏体且内部为板条状马氏体的材料。马氏体在相变过程中会产生内应力，从而导致轴承套在二次淬火过程中产生变形。热处理后的轴承套变形越大，就需要在后续的机械加工中去除掉越多的材料，以获得理想的尺寸及形状公差。因此，减小热处理后的轴承套变形能够减小后续的机械加工成本，同时还能够维持轴承套的渗碳层厚度不至于过薄，从而延长轴承套的使用寿命。
针对中小型轴承套的渗碳处理，现有技术中普遍采用压模淬火的热处理方法。
CN201424494Y公开了一种热处理轴承套半自动渗碳淬火模具，其包括上压模和下压模。在热处理过程中，首先将轴承套套在下压模外面，然后将上压模压在轴承套上，通过上压模的自重产生向下的压力。上压模将压力分解，将分力传递给轴承套。轴承套的收缩力与上压模的锥面传递的径向分力相互抵消，达到防止轴承套变形的目的。由于轴承套的材料不同，收缩力的大小也不同。倚靠上压模自重的压力无法起到完全防止轴承套收缩的效果。
CN2700335Y公开了一种用于轴承套热处理的组合活动模具，其包括定位盘、吊杆、倒锥体以及多个滑块。吊杆固定在定位盘的中部。倒锥体中部具有孔，套在吊杆上。多个滑块位于倒锥体的外部，其内侧和倒锥体的锥面相配合，外侧面与轴承套内壁相配合。在滑块的外侧面上设置有凹 槽，凹槽内设置有用于锁紧滑块的拉簧。上述组合活动模具的缺点在于，拉簧仅能够固定滑块的径向位置，而滑块的周向位置在锥体压入之前无法固定，可能会沿周向分布不均匀，在热处理过程中影响轴承套的形状公差。此外，虽然锥体可上下微调以适应不同规格的轴承套，但是由于椎体上下调节距离很短，所以同一套滑块的适应性有限。
CN205115554U公开了一种伸缩式渗碳钢材料轴承套淬火模具，其包括底盘、由八个结构相同的模瓣组成的模芯、插入模芯内的锥体、连接盘、锁紧螺母、吊杆、挡铁、圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧和导向柱。模芯的内表面加工成内锥面。锥体外表面加工成与模芯相匹配的外锥面。吊杆上部旋装有锁紧螺母。锁紧螺母外套有连接盘。连接盘采用螺钉固定在锥体顶面。锁紧螺母通过连接盘与锥体固定连接。旋转锁紧螺母可使锥体沿吊杆上下移动。挡铁安装在锥体的上端面上，用于锁紧螺母定位。类似地，上述伸缩式渗碳钢材料轴承套淬火模具的缺点在于，虽然锥体可上下微调以适应不同规格的轴承套，但是由于椎体上下调节距离很短，所以同一套滑块的适应性有限。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，防止热处理时环形件收缩，并且适配不同规格的环形件，从而降低在不同规格的环形件之间切换的成本。
本发明公开了一种用于环形件热处理的压模，包括：第一压板和第二压板；在所述第一压板与所述第二压板之间安装的内模和外模，所述内模包括由多个层叠的空心锥环构成的锥体，所述外模包括多个滑块，所述锥体限定多个周向间隔的滑道，以便能够滑动地接收所述多个滑块，所述滑块限定用于接触环形件内表面的工作面，所述压模具有第一模式以及第二模式，在所述第一模式中，所述内模在所述第一压板与所述第二压板之间固定不动，以使得所述工作面静止不动，在所述第二模式中，通过更换不同尺寸的空心锥环和/或滑块，所述工作面能够扩大或缩小。
根据可选的实施方式，在所述内模中沿中心轴线安装有内套，所述内套包括多个层叠的内套垫片、内套基础环以及与所述内套垫片和所述内套基础环相比尺寸更大的定位环，所述定位环径向嵌入所述内模中，以将所 述内模与所述内套轴向固定，以及所述内套通过螺栓固定到所述第一压板和所述第二压板中的一个或两个。
根据可选的实施方式，所述滑道彼此等间距间隔开，并且沿中心轴线延伸，所述滑道的截面为T型，其中较宽的部分靠近中心轴线，而较窄的部分远离中心轴线，以及所述滑块包括以形状配合的方式安装在所述滑道中的凸部。
根据可选的实施方式，所述滑块由多个层叠的滑块构件构成。
根据可选的实施方式，所述滑块连接有角度调节块，以限定所述工作面相对于中心轴线的角度。
根据可选的实施方式，在所述滑块上设有凹槽，所述角度调节块包括在所述凹槽内能够枢转地接收的圆柱形部，以及在所述滑块与所述角度调节块还设有螺栓和楔形块，以使得所述滑块相对于所述角度调节块固定不动。
本发明还公开了一种用于环形件热处理的压模，包括：第一压板和第二压板；在所述第一压板与所述第二压板之间安装的内模和外模，所述内模包括由多个层叠的空心锥环构成的锥体，所述外模包括与所述锥体接触的多个滑块，在所述第一压板和所述第二压板中限定多个径向滑道，以便能够滑动地接收所述多个滑块，所述滑块限定用于接触环形件内表面的工作面，所述压模具有第一模式以及第二模式，在所述第一模式中，所述内模在所述第一压板与所述第二压板之间固定不动，以使得所述工作面静止不动，在所述第二模式中，通过更换不同尺寸的空心锥环和/或滑块，所述工作面能够扩大或缩小。
根据可选的实施方式，在所述内模中沿中心轴线安装有内套，所述内套包括多个层叠的内套垫片、内套基础环以及与所述内套垫片和所述内套基础环相比尺寸更大的定位环，所述定位环径向嵌入所述内模中，以将所述内模与所述内套轴向固定，以及所述内套通过螺栓固定到所述第一压板和所述第二压板中的一个或两个。
根据可选的实施方式，所述滑道彼此等角度间隔开，所述滑道分别从所述第一压板和所述第二压板的中心径向向外延伸，并且截面为T型，其中较宽的部分远离所述滑块，而较窄的部分靠近所述滑块，以及所述滑块 包括以形状配合的方式安装在所述滑道中的凸部。
根据可选的实施方式，所述滑块由多个层叠的滑块构件构成。
根据可选的实施方式，所述滑块连接有角度调节块，以限定所述工作面相对于中心轴线的角度。
根据可选的实施方式，在所述滑块上设有凹槽，所述角度调节块包括在所述凹槽内能够枢转地接收的圆柱形部，以及在所述滑块与所述角度调节块之间还设有螺栓和楔形块，以使得所述滑块相对于所述角度调节块固定不动。
根据可选的实施方式，所述压模还在第一压板与第二压板之间设置有用于适应不同环形件高度的组合式垫片。
本发明还公开了一种用于环形件热处理的压模，包括：第一压板和第二压板；在所述第一压板与所述第二压板之间安装的锥形内模和外模，所述外模包括与所述内模接触的多个周向间隔的滑块，所述锥形内模相对于所述第二压板固定，所述第一压板包括用于引导所述滑块径向移动的引导结构，所述滑块限定用于接触环形件内表面的工作面，所述压模还包括在所述锥形内模与所述第一压板之间接触固定的垫块，所述压模具有第一模式以及第二模式，在所述第一模式中，所述第一压板相对于所述第二压板无法移动，以使得所述工作面静止不动，在所述第二模式中，所述第一压板相对于所述第二压板能够移动，以便通过更换不同尺寸的垫块，所述工作面能够扩大或缩小。
本发明的压模能够实现防止热处理时环形件收缩，并且适配不同规格的环形件，从而能够降低在不同规格的环形件之间切换的成本。
附图说明
图1示出根据本发明的用于环形件热处理的系统的剖视图，其中所述系统处于工作模式中。
图2示出图1的系统的俯视图。
图3示出图1的系统沿图2的A-A线的剖视图。
图4示出根据本发明的系统的另一实施方式的剖视图，其中所述系统处于卸料模式中。
图5示出图1的系统的退料装置的局部放大示意图。
图6示出根据本发明的压模的剖视图。
图7示出图6的压模中的内模和外模的沿另一方向的剖视图。
图8示出根据本发明的压模的另一实施方式的剖视图。
图9a、9b、9c和9d分别示出根据本发明的压模的另一实施方式的剖视图、角度调节块的正视图和侧视图以及另一种角度调节块的侧视图。
图10示出根据本发明的压模的另一实施方式的剖视图。
图11示出根据本发明的压模的另一实施方式的剖视图。
图12示出图11的压模中的第一压板的俯视图。
图13示出根据本发明的压模的另一实施方式的剖视图。
图14示出根据本发明的压模的另一实施方式的剖视图。
在所有附图中，相同或对应的部件具有相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明的用于环形件热处理的系统100的剖视图。系统100包括：用于容纳热处理液体(诸如淬火油)的容器104；固定地置于容器104开口上方的悬架装置102；自悬架装置102向下延伸并且可旋转地连接到悬架装置102底部的升降旋转装置101；与升降旋转装置101操作性相连的控制台103。
升降旋转装置101能够驱动控制台103选择性地相对于容器升降和/或围绕中心轴线X旋转。在控制台103上承载有用于套设固定环形件(例如轴承套)的压模1。控制台103能够在压模1浸入热处理溶液内的工作模式与压模1离开热处理溶液的卸料模式之间切换。
系统100还包括与控制台103和压模1操作性相连的夹紧装置120。夹紧装置120用于将环形件夹紧在压模1上，并且包括与压模1操作性相连并且能够利用机械传动(例如涡轮蜗杆)或液压传动而沿中心轴线X彼此相对运动的第一夹紧构件121和第二夹紧构件122。环形件在压模1上的夹紧和退料的具体操作过程在下文中详细描述。
系统100还包括在控制台103上设置的退料装置18。退料装置18与升降旋转装置101操作性相连并被控制成仅在卸料模式中被致动，以辅助环 形件卸出压模1。
退料装置18包括可操作地连接到压模1的退料销107、支撑退料销107的支撑盘108、可操作地连接到支撑盘108以为其提供退料所需的力的动力套筒109。
系统100还包括附加冷却装置116。附加冷却装置116包括设置在控制台103中的喷射口和输液管117、设置在悬架装置102上的泵118、以及一端连接到输液管117并且另一端连接到泵118的软管119。附加冷却装置116的主要功能是在工作模式中将热处理溶液在压模1内部喷出，使得热处理溶液与压模1上的环形件的内壁接触，加速环形件的冷却。
图2示出图1的系统的俯视图。容器104在侧壁上设置有多个搅拌器113，用于驱动容器104中的热处理溶液流动，特别是形成围绕中心轴线X的涡流，以使得热处理溶液与工件更充分地接触，从而提高热处理效率。升降旋转装置101包括可旋转地支撑控制台103的控制台支架115以及沿悬架装置102内周设置的旋转立柱105、升降立柱106和定位立柱112。
旋转立柱105可操作地连接到设置在控制台支架115上的旋转变速器114和退料变速器110。升降旋转装置101设置成在工作模式中通过旋转立柱105和旋转变速器114驱动控制台103围绕中心轴线X旋转。升降旋转装置101设置成在卸料模式中通过旋转立柱105和退料变速器110驱动动力套筒109围绕中心轴线X旋转，以辅助环形件卸出压模1。
需要注意的是，旋转立柱105包括花键部分和光滑部分。升降旋转装置101设置成在工作模式中使得旋转变速器114连接到旋转立柱105的花键部分并且退料变速器110连接到旋转立柱105的光滑部分，还设置成在卸料模式中使得旋转变速器114连接到旋转立柱105的光滑部分并且退料变速器110连接到旋转立柱105的花键部分。这样的构造能够使得控制台103仅在工作模式中旋转，而退料装置18仅在卸料模式中起作用。
升降立柱106可操作地连接到控制台支架115。升降旋转装置101设置成在工作模式与卸料模式相互切换期间通过升降立柱106驱动控制台支架115沿中心轴线X升降。
图3示出图1的系统沿图2的A-A线的剖视图。定位立柱112可滑动地(例如通过滚珠轴承)连接到控制台支架115，以使得控制台支架115 仅能够沿中心轴线X运动。
图4示出根据本发明的系统的另一实施方式的剖视图。在图1的实施方式中，压模1的上半部分在卸料模式中连同工件一起被吊离控制台103，以进行工件的更换。与上述实施方式相比，在图4中的实施方式中，系统100设置成在卸料模式中将压模1的下半部分借助于设置在悬架装置102上的可伸缩的滑轨111沿径向方向移出，以进行工件的更换。图5的实施方式通常用于小型工件，其优点在于更换工件所占用的空间与图1实施方式相比较小。
图5示出图1的系统的退料装置的局部放大示意图。动力套筒109通过沿其周向设置的棘齿和设置在棘齿中的滚珠连接到支撑盘108上的相对应的棘齿，以使得动力套筒109无需旋转一整周即可令支撑盘108向上运动所需的高度h，以推动支撑盘108上的退料销107运动，从而辅助环形件卸出压模1。
图6示出根据本发明的压模1的剖视图。压模1包括第一压板4和第二压板5，以及在所述第一压板4与所述第二压板5之间安装的内模2和外模6。内模2包括由多个层叠的空心锥环构成的两个锥体。外模6包括多个滑块14，其限定用于接触环形件内表面的工作面S。锥体限定多个周向间隔的滑道，以便能够滑动地接收多个滑块14。采用多个层叠的空心锥环的目的在于通过更换不同尺寸的空心锥环(例如将空心锥环a拆除，并且在空心锥环b的与空心锥环a相反的一侧设置更大的空心锥环c)而改变内模2的尺寸。
在内模2中沿中心轴线X安装有内套3。内套3包括多个层叠的内套垫片7、内套基础环8以及与内套垫片7和内套基础环8相比尺寸更大的定位环9。定位环9径向嵌入内模2中，以将内模2与内套3轴向固定。内套3通过螺栓固定到第一压板4和第二压板5。应当注意的是，内套3也可以仅通过螺栓固定到第一压板4或仅通过螺栓固定到第二压板5。
在此描述环形件在压模1上的夹紧和退料的具体操作过程。
第一夹紧构件121作用在第一压板4上，而第二夹紧构件122作用在第二压板5上。在需要将环形件夹紧在压模1上的情况下，例如在压模1将要浸入热处理溶液内的工作模式之前，第一夹紧构件121和第二夹紧构 件122利用机械传动(在这个实施方式中是利用涡轮蜗杆)或液压传动彼此靠近，从而使得第一压板4和第二压板5彼此靠近，以夹紧环形件。在需要将环形件松开以便于接下来将要进行的退料操作的情况下，例如在压模1离开热处理溶液的卸料模式之前，第一夹紧构件121和第二夹紧构件122利用机械传动(在这个实施方式中是利用涡轮蜗杆)或液压传动彼此远离，从而使得第一压板4和第二压板5彼此远离，以将环形件松开。
在卸料模式中，需将环形件从压模1上取下。环形件在热处理之后会由于自身的应力而收缩，从而需要克服环形件与压模1之间的摩擦力才能够将环形件取下。在退料销107将环形件顶出之后，环形件仅与压模1的下半部分分离，而由于摩擦力的缘故仍与压模1的上半部分紧固在一起。此时相对于第一夹紧构件121并且也相对于第一压板4保持不动的顶料销123沿中心轴线X作用在环形件上，以使得环形件与压模1的上半部分分离。环形件由此得以从压模1上取下。
图7示出图6的压模中的内模和外模的沿另一方向的剖视图。滑道彼此等间距间隔开并且沿中心轴线X延伸。滑道的截面为T型或其他形状，其中较宽的部分靠近中心轴线X，而较窄的部分远离中心轴线X。滑块14包括以形状配合的方式安装在滑道中的凸部21。滑块14在与内模2相反的表面上设置有工作块15。相邻的工作块15之间存在用作导液槽的间隙，以在热处理期间促进热处理液与工件的接触，提高热处理效率。滑块14的工作块15的外周限定工作面S。滑块14由多个层叠的滑块构件构成。采用多个层叠的滑块构件的目的在于通过更换不同的滑块构件(例如将滑块构件d拆除，并且在滑块构件e的与滑块构件d相反的一侧设置更大的滑块构件f)而改变外模6的尺寸。
压模1具有第一模式以及第二模式。在第一模式中，第一压板4和第二压板5将内模2压紧，使得内模2在第一压板4与第二压板5之间固定不动；外模6借助于内模2产生抵抗工件收缩力的反作用力，以使得工作面S静止不动，防止热处理时环形件收缩。在第二模式中，通过更换不同尺寸的空心锥环和/或滑块14，工作面S能够扩大或缩小，以适配不同规格的环形件。根据可选的实施方式，内模2在滑道的靠近中心轴线X的表面上包括由多个滚柱构成的滚针板(未示出)，以协助滑块14的退料时滑动。
在第一模式(例如淬火过程)结束之后，压模1进入第二模式。第一压板4和第二压板5不再压紧内模2，此时工件在第一模式中产生的收缩力在外模6与内模2的接触面上产生沿中心轴线X的轴向分力，使得外模6脱离工件。借助于上述结构，能够仅借助于较少的辅助操作使得工件与外模6脱离，从而在第二模式中减少工件由于辅助操作(例如通过退料装置18施加的力)而产生的变形。
图8示出根据本发明的压模1的另一实施方式的剖视图。与图6的实施方式的区别在于，内模2仅包括一个椎体。
图9a示出根据本发明的压模1的另一实施方式的剖视图。图9a的实施方式与图6的第一实施方式的区别在于，滑块14连接有角度调节块16，以限定工作面S相对于中心轴线X的角度α。
图9b和9c分别示出角度调节块16的正视图和侧视图。在滑块14上设有凹槽，角度调节块16包括在凹槽内能够枢转地接收的圆柱形部。在滑块14与角度调节块16之间还设有螺栓和楔形块17，以使得滑块14相对于角度调节块16固定不动。
图9d示出另一种角度调节块16’的侧视图。另一种角度调节块16’为楔形，并且通过螺栓紧固到滑块14。
图10示出根据本发明的压模1的另一实施方式的剖视图。图10的实施方式与图9a的实施方式的区别在于，内模2仅包括一个椎体。
图11示出根据本发明的压模1的另一实施方式的剖视图。图11的实施方式与图9a的实施方式的区别在于，在第一压板4和第二压板5中限定多个径向滑道，以便能够滑动地接收所述多个滑块14。
图12示出图11的压模中的第一压板4的俯视图。滑道彼此等角度间隔开，并且分别从第一压板4和第二压板5的中心径向向外延伸(图7中仅示出第一压板4的情况)，并且截面为T型(未示出)，其中较宽的部分远离滑块14，而较窄的部分靠近滑块14。
图13示出根据本发明的压模1的另一实施方式的剖视图。图13的实施方式与图11的实施方式的区别在于，退料销107和顶料销123并非作用于环形件，而是分别作用于内模2的下半部分和上半部分，并且压模1还在第一压板4与第二压板5之间设置有用于适应不同环形件高度的组合式 垫片19。内模2的下半部分和上半部分分别通过固定螺栓125和能够调节厚度的垫片组124，127固定到内套3上，以便通过更换不同厚度的垫片组124，127调节内模2的下半部分和上半部分的轴向位置，使得工作面S扩大或缩小，实现适合于加工径向尺寸在小范围内变化的环形件的目的。
在卸料模式中，需将环形件从压模1上取下。在退料销107将内模2的下半部分顶出之后，由于内模2与外模6之间的可滑动的接触，外模6的下半部分在环形件和围绕外模6设置的卡簧126的收缩力作用下与内模2的下半部分逐渐错开，从而使得外模6的下半部分不再抵抗环形件的收缩力而与环形件分离。此时由于摩擦力的缘故，环形件仍与压模1的上半部分紧固在一起。相对于第一压板4保持不动的顶料销123随后沿中心轴线X作用在垫片组127和内套3上，使得垫片组127和内套3被顶离第二压板5一段小距离(在这个实施方式中，将内套3固定到第二压板5的螺栓设置成使得内套3能够离开第二压板5一段小距离)。由于外模6的上半部分(滑块14)可滑动地接收在第二压板5的滑道中，并且内模2与外模6之间可滑动地接触，外模6的上半部分在环形件和卡簧126的收缩力作用下与内模2的上半部分逐渐错开，从而使得外模6的上半部分不再抵抗环形件的收缩力而与环形件分离。环形件得以从压模1上取下。
图14示出根据本发明的压模1的另一实施方式的剖视图。压模1包括第一压板4，第二压板5，以及在第一压板4与第二压板5之间安装的锥形内模52和外模6。外模6包括与内模52接触的多个周向间隔的滑块14。锥形内模52相对于第二压板5固定。第一压板4包括用于引导滑块14径向移动的引导结构18。滑块14限定用于接触环形件内表面的工作面S。压模1还包括在锥形内模52与第一压板4之间接触固定的垫块53。压模1具有第一模式以及第二模式。在第一模式中，第一压板4相对于第二压板5无法移动，以使得工作面S静止不动。在第二模式中，第一压板4相对于第二压板5能够移动，以便通过更换不同尺寸的垫块53使得工作面S扩大或缩小。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种用于环形件热处理的压模(1)，包括：
    第一压板(4)和第二压板(5)；
    在所述第一压板(4)与所述第二压板(5)之间安装的内模(2)和外模(6)，所述内模(2)包括由多个层叠的空心锥环构成的锥体，所述外模(6)包括多个滑块(14)，所述锥体限定多个周向间隔的滑道，以便能够滑动地接收所述多个滑块(14)，所述滑块(14)限定用于接触环形件内表面的工作面(S)，所述压模具有第一模式以及第二模式，在所述第一模式中，所述内模(2)在所述第一压板(4)与所述第二压板(5)之间固定不动，以使得所述工作面(S)静止不动，在所述第二模式中，通过更换不同尺寸的空心锥环和/或滑块(14)，所述工作面(S)能够扩大或缩小。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的压模(1)，其特征在于，
    在所述内模(2)中沿中心轴线(X)安装有内套(3)，
    所述内套(3)包括多个层叠的内套垫片(7)、内套基础环(8)以及与所述内套垫片(7)和所述内套基础环(8)相比尺寸更大的定位环(9)，
    所述定位环(9)径向嵌入所述内模(2)中，以将所述内模(2)与所述内套(3)轴向固定，以及
    所述内套(3)通过螺栓固定到所述第一压板(4)和所述第二压板(5)中的一个或两个。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的压模(1)，其特征在于，
    所述滑道彼此等间距间隔开，并且沿中心轴线(X)延伸，
    所述滑道的截面为T型，其中较宽的部分靠近中心轴线(X)，而较窄的部分远离中心轴线(X)，以及
    所述滑块(14)包括以形状配合的方式安装在所述滑道中的凸部(21)。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的压模(1)，其特征在于，
    所述滑块(14)由多个层叠的滑块构件构成。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的压模(1)，其特征在于，
    所述滑块(14)连接有角度调节块(16)，以限定所述工作面(S)相对于中心轴线(X)的角度。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的压模(1)，其特征在于，
    在所述滑块(14)上设有凹槽，
    所述角度调节块(16)包括在所述凹槽内能够枢转地接收的圆柱形部，以及
    在所述滑块(14)与所述角度调节块(16)还设有螺栓和楔形块，以使得所述滑块(14)相对于所述角度调节块(16)固定不动。
  7. 一种用于环形件热处理的压模(1)，包括：
    第一压板(4)和第二压板(5)；
    在所述第一压板(4)与所述第二压板(5)之间安装的内模(2)和外模(6)，所述内模(2)包括由多个层叠的空心锥环构成的锥体，所述外模(6)包括与所述锥体接触的多个滑块(14)，在所述第一压板(4)和所述第二压板(5)中限定多个径向滑道，以便能够滑动地接收所述多个滑块(14)，所述滑块(14)限定用于接触环形件内表面的工作面(S)，所述压模具有第一模式以及第二模式，在所述第一模式中，所述内模(2)在所述第一压板(4)与所述第二压板(5)之间固定不动，以使得所述工作面(S)静止不动，在所述第二模式中，通过更换不同尺寸的空心锥环和/或滑块(14)，所述工作面(S)能够扩大或缩小。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的压模(1)，其特征在于，
    在所述内模(2)中沿中心轴线(X)安装有内套(3)，
    所述内套(3)包括多个层叠的内套垫片(7)、内套基础环(8)以及与所述内套垫片(7)和所述内套基础环(8)相比尺寸更大的定位环(9)，
    所述定位环(9)径向嵌入所述内模(2)中，以将所述内模(2)与所述内套(3)轴向固定，以及
    所述内套(3)通过螺栓固定到所述第一压板(4)和所述第二压板(5)中的一个或两个。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的压模(1)，其特征在于，
    所述滑道彼此等角度间隔开，
    所述滑道分别从所述第一压板(4)和所述第二压板(5)的中心径向向外延伸，并且截面为T型，其中较宽的部分远离所述滑块(14)，而较窄的部分靠近所述滑块(14)，以及
    所述滑块(14)包括以形状配合的方式安装在所述滑道中的凸部。
  10. 根据权利要求7或8所述的压模(1)，其特征在于，
    所述滑块(14)由多个层叠的滑块构件构成。
  11. 根据权利要求7或8所述的压模(1)，其特征在于，
    所述滑块(14)连接有角度调节块(16)，以限定所述工作面(S)相对于中心轴线(X)的角度。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的压模(1)，其特征在于，
    在所述滑块(14)上设有凹槽，
    所述角度调节块(16)包括在所述凹槽内能够枢转地接收的圆柱形部，以及
    在所述滑块(14)与所述角度调节块(16)之间还设有螺栓和楔形块，以使得所述滑块(14)相对于所述角度调节块(16)固定不动。
  13. 根据权利要求7或8所述的压模(1)，其特征在于，
    所述压模(1)还在第一压板(4)与第二压板(5)之间设置有用于适应不同环形件高度的组合式垫片(19)。
  14. 一种用于环形件热处理的压模(1)，包括：
    第一压板(4)和第二压板(5)；
    在所述第一压板(4)与所述第二压板(5)之间安装的锥形内模(52)和外模(6)，所述外模(6)包括与所述内模(52)接触的多个周向间隔的滑块(14)，所述锥形内模(52)相对于所述第二压板(5)固定，所述第一压板(4)包括用于引导所述滑块(14)径向移动的引导结构(18)，所述滑块(14)限定用于接触环形件内表面的工作面(S)，所述压模(1)还包括在所述锥形内模(52)与所述第一压板(4)之间接触固定的垫块(53)，所述压模(1)具有第一模式以及第二模式，在所述第一模式中，所述第一压板(4)相对于所述第二压板(5)无法移动，以使得所述工作面(S)静止不动，在所述第二模式中，所述第一压板(4)相对于所述第二压板(5)能够移动，以便通过更换不同尺寸的垫块(53)，所述工作面(S)能够扩大或缩小。
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