WO2019170002A1 - 一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检方法和控制装置 - Google Patents

一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检方法和控制装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019170002A1
WO2019170002A1 PCT/CN2019/075672 CN2019075672W WO2019170002A1 WO 2019170002 A1 WO2019170002 A1 WO 2019170002A1 CN 2019075672 W CN2019075672 W CN 2019075672W WO 2019170002 A1 WO2019170002 A1 WO 2019170002A1
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Prior art keywords
thyristor
sub
module
valve group
bypass
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Application number
PCT/CN2019/075672
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
卢东斌
黄华
潘卫明
高晟辅
刘磊
杨帆
Original Assignee
南京南瑞继保电气有限公司
南京南瑞继保工程技术有限公司
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Application filed by 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司, 南京南瑞继保工程技术有限公司 filed Critical 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司
Priority to BR112020011470-7A priority Critical patent/BR112020011470A2/pt
Priority to EP19763364.7A priority patent/EP3706276B1/en
Priority to MX2020006009A priority patent/MX2020006009A/es
Priority to KR1020207016264A priority patent/KR102245054B1/ko
Priority to CA3089524A priority patent/CA3089524A1/en
Priority to US16/771,137 priority patent/US20210165034A1/en
Publication of WO2019170002A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019170002A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
    • G01R31/3277—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1203—Circuits independent of the type of conversion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/007—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
    • H02J3/0073—Arrangements for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources for providing alternative feeding paths between load and source when the main path fails, e.g. transformers, busbars
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/26—Testing of individual semiconductor devices
    • G01R31/2607—Circuits therefor
    • G01R31/263—Circuits therefor for testing thyristors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of flexible direct current transmission and high voltage direct current transmission, and particularly relates to a method and a control device for inspection of a bypass thyristor valve group.
  • the advantages of DC transmission based on voltage source converter are high controllability, can be connected to passive system, and do not require reactive power compensation device; the disadvantage is that the converter has large switching loss when the inverter side AC system or converter occurs. In the event of a fault, especially if the valve area between the converter and the converter transformer fails, a large voltage and current surge will be generated to the inverter, and in the event of a serious damage to the inverter.
  • the lightning arrester is generally connected in parallel with the bridge of the voltage source converter. Because the capacity required for the parallel connection of the voltage source converter bridge arm is large, the engineering implementation is difficult.
  • Patent "a hybrid DC power converter and DC power transmission device” application number CN201510010158.1, proposed a hybrid DC power converter, in which the voltage source valve group is connected to the inductor and then the bypass switch Parallel circuit, bypass switch adopts power electronic switch, this scheme protects the converter better, but it needs to monitor the power electronic switch to ensure normal conduction under severe fault conditions, thus protecting the voltage source converter.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a bypass thyristor valve group inspection method for patrolling a sub-module in a bypass thyristor valve group connected in parallel at both ends of a DC side of a voltage source converter to ensure serious fault conditions.
  • the lower bypass thyristor valve group can be normally turned on; at the same time, a bypass thyristor valve group inspection control device is provided for controlling the bypass thyristor valve group to realize the above inspection method.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a bypass thyristor valve group inspection method for patrolling a sub-module in a bypass thyristor valve group, and the bypass thyristor valve component is N sub-modules, Where N is greater than or equal to 2, N is a natural number; each sub-module is composed of one or more thyristors connected in series.
  • N is greater than or equal to 2
  • N is a natural number
  • each sub-module is composed of one or more thyristors connected in series.
  • the bypass thyristor valve group only includes one bridge arm, which is composed of a plurality of thyristors connected in series and includes a corresponding control and protection circuit; the bypass thyristor valve group is used for bypassing or paralleling the voltage source inverter connected thereto Voltage source converter on the branch.
  • the principle of the bypass thyristor valve component being N sub-modules is that when the single sub-module is turned on, the remaining sub-modules that are not turned on can withstand the forward voltage during normal operation.
  • each sub-module sequentially triggers each sub-module, or triggers each sub-module according to a certain probability algorithm, and needs to ensure that each sub-module is triggered at least once in the certain period of time; the above-mentioned certain period of time is Second level, or minute level, or hour level, or day level, or month level, or grade level.
  • each sub-module can work normally is determined by detecting that each sub-module is from an off state to an on state, or in an on state, or from an on state to an off state.
  • the normal operation of the above sub-module means that all the thyristors in the sub-module can be normally turned on, or the sub-module is set to a certain degree of redundancy.
  • the thyristor that cannot be turned on in the sub-module is less than the redundancy, continue Patrol inspection; when a bypass thyristor valve group is required to be applied, the thyristor that cannot be turned on achieves a current through a protective trigger or breakdown.
  • the above voltage source converter is any one or more of the following: a two-level inverter, a diode clamp type multi-level converter, a modular multi-level converter MMC, a hybrid multi-level converter
  • the HMC, a two-level cascade converter CSL or a stacked two-level converter CTL consists of a fully controllable power semiconductor that can be turned off.
  • the fully controllable power semiconductor that can be turned off is one or more of the following: insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT, integrated gate commutated thyristor IGCT, turn-off thyristor GTO, power FET Power MOSFET, electron injection enhancement Gate transistor IEGT, gate commutated thyristor GCT or silicon carbide enhanced junction field effect transistor SiC-JFET.
  • the invention also provides a bypass thyristor valve group inspection control device for patrolling a sub-module in a bypass thyristor valve group, the control device comprising a valve group control unit, a valve base electronic unit and a thyristor control unit, wherein:
  • the valve group control unit divides the bypass thyristor valve into N sub-modules, wherein N is greater than or equal to 2, and N is a natural number; each sub-module is composed of one or more thyristors connected in series, and detects that the bypass thyristor valve group is subjected to normal operation.
  • the forward voltage sequentially sends control pulses to the valve-based electronic unit of the different sub-modules of the bypass thyristor valve group according to a certain period of time, and receives the sub-module conduction signal of the valve-based electronic unit, if the sub-module of the valve-based electronic unit is not received When the signal is turned on, an alarm signal is issued;
  • the valve-based electronic unit receives the control pulse of the valve group control unit and the thyristor of the thyristor control unit receives the forward voltage signal, receives the thyristor conduction signal of the thyristor control unit, and sends a trigger pulse to the thyristor control unit to send to the valve group control unit Submodule turn-on signal;
  • the thyristor control unit includes a control circuit, a power take-off circuit and a RC discharge circuit; the control circuit is configured to receive a trigger pulse of the valve-based electronic unit, and send a thyristor to the valve-based electronic unit to receive a forward voltage signal, and send the signal to the valve-based electronic unit
  • the energy-receiving circuit includes at least two static grading resistors and a storage capacitor, and sufficient energy can be obtained to ensure normal opening of the thyristor before the thyristor is turned on;
  • the RC capacitor includes at least one resistor and one capacitor, In series, after the thyristor is turned on, sufficient energy can be obtained to ensure normal conduction of the thyristor.
  • the bypass thyristor valve group includes only one bridge arm, and is composed of a plurality of thyristors connected in series and includes a corresponding control protection circuit; the bypass thyristor valve group is used for bypassing or paralleling the voltage source converter connected thereto Voltage source converter on the road.
  • the principle that the above-mentioned bypass thyristor valve component is N sub-modules is that when a single sub-module is turned on, the remaining sub-modules that are not turned on can withstand the forward voltage during normal operation.
  • the above sending the control pulse to the valve-based electronic unit of the different sub-modules of the bypass thyristor valve group according to a certain period of time means: triggering each sub-module in sequence, or triggering each sub-module according to a certain probability algorithm, and ensuring that the certain sub-module is required Each sub-module is triggered at least once in the time period; the certain time period is a second level, or a minute level, or a hour level, or a day level, or a month level, or a grade level.
  • the valve group control unit receives the sub-module conduction signal of the valve-based electronic unit, and all the thyristors in the sub-module are turned on, or a certain redundancy is set, and the thyristor in the sub-module that does not exceed the redundancy is turned on;
  • the sub-module conduction signal that does not receive the valve-based electronic unit is that none of the sub-modules or thyristors are non-conducting, or the thyristors in the sub-modules that exceed the above redundancy are not conducting.
  • the thyristor conduction signal sent by the thyristor control unit to the valve-based electronic unit is such that the forward voltage signal disappears through the thyristor or the thyristor flows a current or the thyristor receives a forward voltage signal to reappear.
  • the control circuit of the thyristor control unit has a protective trigger function. When the thyristor does not receive the trigger pulse of the valve-based electronic unit, the thyristor is protectively triggered before the thyristor is broken down.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects of providing a bypass thyristor valve group inspection method and control device for detecting the state of each sub-module of the bypass thyristor valve group when the bypass thyristor valve group is not conducting, if the sub-module state is abnormal Then an alarm signal is issued, which effectively solves the problem of thyristor performance monitoring of the bypass thyristor valve group in the long-term non-conduction state.
  • 1 is a hybrid DC transmission circuit structure based on a grid commutating converter and a receiving end based on a voltage source converter;
  • 2 is a hybrid DC transmission circuit structure based on a grid commutating converter and a receiving end based on a voltage source converter;
  • Figure 5 is a thyristor control unit circuit of the present invention.
  • a bypass power electronic switch such as a bypass thyristor valve group
  • the bypass thyristor valve group connected in parallel at the DC side of the voltage source converter only conducts the discharge under severe fault conditions, it does not conduct during normal operation.
  • the bypass thyristor valve group needs to be tested according to a certain period of time to ensure normal conduction under severe fault conditions and protect the voltage source converter.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a hybrid DC power transmission based on a grid commutated inverter and a receiver based on a voltage source converter.
  • the rectification side power grid commutating converter 7 converts the alternating current of the alternating current system 8 into a direct current through the converter transformer 10, and sends it to the inverter side voltage source converter 1 through the DC line 5 via the current limiting reactance 4, and passes the direct current through the main transformer. 11 is converted to an alternating current to the alternating current system 9.
  • the power grid commutating converter 7 is a six-pulse bridge circuit or a twelve-pulse bridge circuit, which is composed of a semi-controlled power semiconductor that cannot be turned off, generally adopts a non-turn-off thyristor; the voltage source converter 1 Two-level inverter, diode clamp type multilevel converter, modular multilevel converter MMC, hybrid multilevel converter HMC, two level cascade converter CSL or stack
  • the two-level converter CTL is composed of a fully controllable power semiconductor such as IGBT, IGCT, etc. that can be turned off.
  • the voltage source converter 1 does not need to exit, such as a single-phase AC ground fault, the rectification side grid commutated inverter 7, after detecting an overvoltage or overcurrent, adjusting the firing angle to suppress DC The current is increased and the overvoltage or overcurrent can be eliminated by the control capability of the rectification side.
  • the power of the inverter side voltage source converter 1 cannot be normally sent out, due to the rectification side grid commutating converter The adjustment angle is slower, and the rectification side power grid commutation converter 7 continues to charge the inverter side voltage source converter 1 , which may cause severe overvoltage and overcurrent phenomena on the inverter side voltage source converter 1 .
  • the bypass thyristor valve group 2 In order to avoid damage to the inverter side voltage source converter 1, it is detected that the AC system 9 is seriously faulty or the converter voltage and current exceed the threshold value, and the bypass thyristor valve group 2 is turned on, and the bypass thyristor valve group 2 and the voltage source are disconnected.
  • the connection switch 3 between the inverters 1 controls the bypass thyristor valve group 2 current to zero turn-off, and after the fault disappears, the connection switch 3 between the bypass thyristor valve group 2 and the voltage source converter 1 is applied.
  • the source converter 1 is connected.
  • the switch 6 on the neutral line of the main circuit can be disconnected when the direct current is small or zero, and the switch 6 is closed after the current crosses zero.
  • Figure 2 shows a hybrid DC transmission embodiment in which the feed end is based on a grid commutated inverter series configuration, the receiving end is based on a grid commutated inverter and a voltage source converter in series.
  • the rectification side grid commutating converter 7 converts the alternating current of the alternating current system 8 into a direct current through the converter transformer 10, and sends it to the inverter side grid commutating converter 7 and the voltage source converter 1 through the direct current line 5, and the direct current is
  • the main transformer 11 is converted into an alternating current to the alternating current system 9.
  • the cathode of the grid commutating converter 7 is connected to the anode of the voltage source converter 1.
  • the voltage source converter 1 does not need to exit, such as a single-phase AC ground fault, the inverter commutator 7 on the inverter side fails to commutate, and the voltage source converter 1 fails.
  • the rectification side power grid commutation converter receives the fault information sent by the inverter side, adjusts the trigger angle to suppress the increase of the DC current, and eliminates the overvoltage or overcurrent through the control capability of the rectification side.
  • the inverter side grid commutator 7 Since the rectification side inverter commutator 7 has a slower adjustment angle, the inverter side grid commutator 7 cannot deliver power, and the rectification side grid commutator 7 only supplies the inverter side voltage source converter 1 Charging will cause more serious overvoltage and overcurrent phenomena on the inverter side voltage source converter 1; in order to avoid damage to the inverter side voltage source converter 1, it is detected that the inverter system has a serious fault causing the inverter voltage, When the current exceeds the threshold, the bypass thyristor valve group 2 is input, the connection switch 3 between the bypass thyristor valve group 2 and the voltage source converter 1 is disconnected, and the bypass thyristor valve group 2 current is controlled to zero turn-off.
  • connection switch 3 between the bypass thyristor valve group 2 and the voltage source converter 1 is connected to the voltage source converter 1; in order to ensure the fast and reliable turn-off of the bypass thyristor valve group 2, the DC current can also be compared. Disconnect from the main loop when small or zero Line switches 6, 6 zero current through the switch before closing it.
  • the voltage source converter 1 When the voltage source converter 1 has a serious fault, the voltage source converter 1 needs to exit, if it is a fault that cannot be self-recovery instantaneously, such as the inverter itself failure, the voltage source converter 1 needs to exit and put into the bypass thyristor.
  • the valve block 2 disconnects the connection switch 3 between the bypass thyristor valve group 2 and the voltage source converter 1 to ensure that the grid commutating converter 7 continues to operate, and the bypass thyristor valve group 2 continues to flow current or
  • the bypass switch 13 provides a current path.
  • FIG. 3 is a bypass thyristor valve group inspection method according to the present invention, which patrols the voltage source converter 1 of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 or the bypass thyristor valve group 2 of the voltage source converter 1 series branch in parallel.
  • the bypass thyristor valve component is N sub-modules, and each sub-module is composed of one or more thyristors connected in series. When a single sub-module is turned on, the remaining sub-modules can withstand the forward voltage during normal operation.
  • the sub-module is not triggered to conduct a high voltage alarm signal; if the voltage is higher than the bypass thyristor valve group The value triggers the sub-module of the entire bypass thyristor valve group; if the voltage source converter is input to the bypass thyristor valve group command, the inspection is stopped, and the sub-module of the entire bypass thyristor valve group is triggered.
  • the above sub-module is normally turned on, and all the thyristors in the sub-module are turned on, or the sub-module is set with a certain redundancy.
  • the patrol is continued.
  • a bypass thyristor valve block is required to be applied, the thyristor that cannot be turned on achieves a current through a protective trigger or breakdown.
  • bypass thyristor valve group inspection control device comprising: a valve group control unit VCU14, a valve base electronic unit VBE15, and a thyristor control unit TCU16, and patrolling the voltage source of FIG. 1 and FIG.
  • the bypass thyristor valve group 2 is connected in parallel with the device 1.
  • the bypass thyristor valve components are sub-module 1, sub-module 2, ... sub-module N, each sub-module is composed of one or more thyristors connected in series; when a single sub-module is turned on, the remaining sub-modules that are not turned on can withstand normal Forward voltage during operation.
  • the valve group control unit VCU14 detects the forward voltage of the bypass thyristor valve group under normal operation, and supplies the valve base electronic unit VBE15 of the bypass thyristor valve sub-module 1, sub-module 2, ... sub-module N according to a certain period of time.
  • the control pulse CP is sent and the sub-module conduction signal of the valve-based electronic unit is received. If the sub-module conduction signal of the valve-based electronic unit is not received, an alarm signal is issued.
  • the valve-based electronic unit VBE 15, the control pulse CP of the receiving valve group control unit VCU14 and the thyristor of the thyristor control unit TCU16 are subjected to the forward voltage signal IP and the thyristor conduction signal CS, and send a trigger pulse FP and a valve to the thyristor control unit TCU16.
  • the group control unit transmits a sub-module turn-on signal.
  • the submodule turn-on signal is that all thyristors in the submodule are turned on.
  • FIG. 5 shows a circuit structure diagram thereof, including control circuit 17, energy-carrying circuit 18 and RC discharge circuit 19; control circuit 17 receives the trigger pulse FP of valve-based electronic unit VBE15, and the valve The base electronic unit VBE15 sends a thyristor to receive the forward voltage signal IP and the thyristor conduction signal CS; the power take-off circuit 18 includes at least two static voltage equalizing resistors R1, R2 and a storage capacitor C1, which can obtain sufficient before the thyristor is turned on.
  • the energy-assured thyristor T1 is normally turned on; the RC-capacitor discharge circuit 19 includes at least one resistor R3 and one capacitor C2, which are connected in series, and after the thyristor T1 is turned on, sufficient energy can be obtained to ensure normal conduction of the thyristor.
  • the thyristor conduction signal CS is indirectly judged by the thyristor with the forward voltage signal IP.
  • the valve group control unit VCU14 sends the control pulse CP
  • the thyristor control unit TCU16 detects that the thyristor is subjected to the forward voltage signal IP in a short time. It is proved that the thyristor T1 undergoes a process of receiving a forward voltage from on to off.
  • the control circuit 17 of the thyristor control unit TCU16 has a protective trigger function.
  • the thyristor T1 does not receive the trigger pulse of the valve-based electronic unit, the thyristor T1 is protectively triggered before the thyristor T1 is broken down.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检方法和控制装置，用于巡检旁通晶闸管阀组中的子模块，具体为：将旁通晶闸管阀组分为N个子模块，其中N大于等于2，N为自然数；每个子模块由一个或多个晶闸管串联组成，在晶闸管阀组承受正常正向电压情况下，旁通晶闸管阀组控制装置按照一定时间周期依次触发各个子模块，检测各个子模块是否能够正常工作，如果不能正常工作，则发出报警信号。上述旁通晶闸管阀组巡检方法和控制装置有效解决了旁通晶闸管阀组在长期不工作情况下的晶闸管性能监测问题，保证所保护的电压源换流器安全运行。

Description

一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检方法和控制装置 技术领域
本发明属于柔性直流输电、高压直流输电领域，具体涉及一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检方法和控制装置。
背景技术
基于电压源换流器的直流输电优点为可控性高，可接入无源系统，不需要无功补偿装置；缺点为换流器开关损耗大，当逆变侧交流系统或换流器发生故障时，特别是换流器与换流变压器之间的阀区发生故障时，会对换流器产生较大的电压和电流冲击，严重时甚至会损坏换流器。为了避免整流侧带来的直流电压和直流电流冲击，一般通过在电压源换流器桥臂并联避雷器，由于在电压源换流器桥臂并联避雷器需要的容量较大，工程实现难度较大。专利“一种混合直流输电换流器及直流输电装置”，申请号为CN201510010158.1，提出了一种混合直流输电换流器，其中，电压源型阀组与电感连接后再与旁通开关并联电路，旁通开关采用电力电子开关，此方案保护换流器效果更优，但是需要对电力电子开关进行监测，保证在严重故障工况下能正常导通，从而保护电压源换流器。
发明内容
本发明的目的，在于提供一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检方法，用于巡检在电压源换流器直流侧两端并联的旁通晶闸管阀组中的子模块，保证在严重故障工况下旁通晶闸管阀组能正常导通；同时提供一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检控制装置，用于控制旁通晶闸管阀组来实现上述巡检方法。
为了达成上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检方法，用于巡检旁通晶闸管阀组中的子模块，将旁通晶闸管阀组分为N个子模块，其中N大于等于2，N为自然数；每个子模块由一个或多个晶闸管串联组成，在旁通晶闸管阀组承受正常运行时的正向电压情况下，按照一定时间周期依次触发各个子模块，检测各个子模块是否能够正常工作，如果不能正常工作，则发出报警信号。
上述方案中：旁通晶闸管阀组只包含一个桥臂，由多个晶闸管串联组成，并包含相应的控制保护电路；旁通晶闸管阀组用于旁通与其并联的电压源换流器或者与其并联支路上的电压源换流器。旁通晶闸管阀组分为N个子模块的原则是：满足单个子模块导通时，剩余没有导通的子模块能够承受正常运行时的正向电压。
上述按照一定时间周期依次触发各个子模块是按照顺序触发各个子模块，或者是按照一定概率算法触发各个子模块，需要保证在所述一定时间周期中每个子模块至少触发一次；上述一定时间周期是秒级、或者分钟级、或者小时级、或者天级、或者月级、或者年级。
上述检测各个子模块是否能够正常工作是通过检测各个子模块从断态到通态、或者处于通态、或者从通态到断态来判断。
上述子模块正常工作是指子模块中所有晶闸管都能正常导通，或者子模块设置一定的冗余度，当检测到子模块中不能导通的晶闸管个数少于该冗余度时，继续巡检；需要投入旁通晶闸管阀组时，不能导通的晶闸管通过保护性触发或者击穿来实现流过电流。
上述电压源换流器是以下任一种或多种：两电平换流器、二极管箝位型多电平换流器、模块化多电平换流器MMC、混合多电平换流器HMC、两电平级联型换流器CSL或堆叠式两电平换流器CTL，其由可关断的全控型功率半导体组成。可关断的全控型功率半导体是以下任一种或多种：绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGBT、集成门极换流晶闸管IGCT、可关断晶闸管GTO、电力场效应管Power MOSFET、电子注入增强栅晶体管IEGT、门极换流晶闸管GCT或碳化硅增强型结型场效应晶体管SiC-JFET。
本发明还提供一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检控制装置，用于巡检旁通晶闸管阀组中的子模块，控制装置包括阀组控制单元、阀基电子单元和晶闸管控制单元，其中：
阀组控制单元，将旁通晶闸管阀组分为N个子模块，其中N大于等于2，N为自然数；每个子模块由一个或多个晶闸管串联组成，检测旁通晶闸管阀组承受正常运行时的正向电压，按照一定时间周期依次向旁通晶闸管阀组不同子模块的阀基电子单元发送控制脉冲，接收阀基电子单元的子模块导通信号，如果未收到阀基电子单元的子模块导通信号，则发出报警信号；
阀基电子单元，接收阀组控制单元的控制脉冲和晶闸管控制单元的晶闸管承受正向电压信号，接收晶闸管控制单元的晶闸管导通信号，并向晶闸管控制单元发送触发脉冲，向阀组控制单元发送子模块导通信号；
晶闸管控制单元，包括控制电路、取能回路和阻容放电回路；控制电路用于接收阀基电子单元的触发脉冲，并向阀基电子单元发送晶闸管承受正向电压信号，向阀基电子单元发送晶闸管导通信号；取能回路至少包括两个静态均压电阻和一个储能电容，在晶闸管开通前，能获得足够的能量保证晶闸管正常开通；阻容放电回路至少包括一个电阻和一个电容，二者串联，在晶闸管开通后，能获得足够的能量保证晶闸管正常导通。
上述旁通晶闸管阀组只包含一个桥臂，由多个晶闸管串联组成，并包含相应的控制保护电路；所述旁通晶闸管阀组用于旁通与其并联的电压源换流器或者与其并联支路上的电压源换流器。上述旁通晶闸管阀组分为N个子模块的原则是：满足单个子模块导通时，剩余没有导通的子模块能够承受正常运行时的正向电压。
上述按照一定时间周期依次向旁通晶闸管阀组不同子模块的阀基电子单元发送控制脉冲是指：按照顺序触发各个子模块，或者是按照一定概率算法触发各个子模块，需要保证在所述一定时间周期中每个子模块至少触发一次；所述一定时间周期是秒级、或者分钟级、或者小时级、或者天级、或者月级、或者年级。
上述阀组控制单元接收阀基电子单元的子模块导通信号是子模块中所有晶闸管都导通，或者设置一定的冗余度，子模块中不超过上述冗余度的晶闸管都导通；上述未收到阀基电子单元的子模块导通信号是子模块中任一个或多个晶闸管不导通，或者子模块中超过上述冗余度的晶闸管不导通。
上述晶闸管控制单元向阀基电子单元发送的晶闸管导通信号是通过晶闸管承受正向电压信号消失或者晶闸管流过电流或者晶闸管承受正向电压信号重新出现。上述晶闸管控制单元的控制电路具有保护性触发功能，当晶闸管未收到阀基电子单元的触发脉冲，在晶闸管被击穿前，对晶闸管进行保护性触发。
本发明的有益效果是：提出一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检方法和控制装置，用于在旁通晶闸管阀组不导通时检测旁通晶闸管阀组每个子模块状态，如果子模块状态异常则发出报警信号，有效解决了旁通晶闸管阀组在长期不导通状态下的晶闸管性能监测问题。
附图说明
图1是送端是基于电网换相换流器、受端是基于电压源换流器的混合直流输电电路结构；
图2是送端是基于电网换相换流器、受端是基于电压源换流器的混合直流输电电路结构；
图3是本发明的一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检方法；
图4是本发明的一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检控制装置；
图5是本发明的一种晶闸管控制单元电路。
具体实施方式
借助以下附图对本发明的实施例进行描述，其中，相同的组件使用相同的附图标记。
基于电压源换流器的直流输电系统在逆变侧交流系统或换流器发生故障时，特别是换流器与换流变压器之间的阀区发生故障时，会对换流器产生较大的电压和电流冲击，严重时甚至会损坏换流器。为了避免整流侧带来的直流电压和直流电流冲击，采用在电压源换流器直流侧两端并联旁通电力电子开关，如旁通晶闸管阀组。由于并联在电压源换流器直流侧两端的旁通晶闸管阀组只有在严重故障工况下才导通泄流，正常工作时不导通。为了确保旁通晶闸管阀组始终处于正常状态，需要按照一定时间周期对旁通晶闸管阀组进行检测，保证在严重故障工况下能正常导通，保护电压源换流器。
图1示出了送端是基于电网换相换流器、受端是基于电压源换流器的混合直流输电实施例。整流侧电网换相换流器7将交流系统8的交流电经换流变压器10转换为直流电，通过直流线路5经限流电抗4送到逆变侧电压源换流器1，将直流电经主变压器11转换为交流电送给交流系统9。其中，电网换相换流器7为六脉动桥式电路或十二脉动桥式电路，其由不可关断的半控型功率半导体组成，一般采用不可关断的晶闸管；电压源换流器1为两电平换流器、二极管箝位型多电平换流器、模块化多电平换流器MMC、混合多电平换流器HMC、两电平级联型换流器CSL或堆叠式两电平换流器CTL，其由可关断的全控型功率半导体如IGBT、IGCT等组成。
当交流系统9发生轻微故障，电压源换流器1不需要退出时，如单相交流接 地故障，整流侧电网换相换流器7，检测到过压或过流后，调节触发角抑制直流电流增加，通过整流侧的控制能力即可消除过压或过流。
当交流系统9发生严重故障，电压源型换流器2需要退出时，如三相交流短路故障，逆变侧电压源换流器1的功率不能正常送出，由于整流侧电网换相换流器调节角度较慢，整流侧电网换相换流器7继续向逆变侧电压源换流器1充电，会导致逆变侧电压源换流器1出现严重过压、过流现象。为了避免逆变侧电压源换流器1损坏，检测到交流系统9发生严重故障或者换流器电压、电流超过阈值，投入旁通晶闸管阀组2，断开旁通晶闸管阀组2与电压源换流器1之间的连接开关3，控制旁通晶闸管阀组2电流到零关断，故障消失后，合旁通晶闸管阀组2与电压源换流器1之间的连接开关3，电压源换流器1接入。为了保证旁通晶闸管阀组2快速可靠关断，还可以在直流电流较小或零时断开主回路中性线上的开关6，电流过零后再合上开关6。
图2示出了送端是基于电网换相换流器串联结构、受端是基于电网换相换流器和电压源换流器串联的混合直流输电实施例。整流侧电网换相换流器7将交流系统8的交流电经换流变压器10转换为直流电，通过直流线路5送到逆变侧电网换相换流器7和电压源换流器1，将直流电经主变压器11转换为交流电送给交流系统9。电网换相换流器7的阴极和电压源换流器1的正极相连。
当交流系统9发生轻微故障，电压源换流器1不需要退出时，如单相交流接地故障，逆变侧的电网换相换流器7发生换相失败，电压源换流器1实现故障穿越，整流侧电网换相换流器接收到逆变侧送来的故障信息后，调节触发角抑制直流电流增加，通过整流侧的控制能力即可消除过压或过流。
当交流系统9发生严重故障，电压源换流器1需要退出时，如果是瞬时能自恢复的故障，如三相交流瞬时短路故障，逆变侧电压源换流器1的功率瞬时不能正常送出，由于整流侧电网换相换流器7调节角度较慢，逆变侧电网换相换流器7不能送出功率，整流侧电网换相换流器7只向逆变侧电压源换流器1充电，会导致逆变侧电压源换流器1出现更加严重地过压、过流现象；为了避免逆变侧电压源换流器1损坏，检测到交流系统发生严重故障引起换流器电压、电流超过阈值，投入旁通晶闸管阀组2，断开旁通晶闸管阀组2与电压源换流器1之间的连接开关3，控制旁通晶闸管阀组2电流到零关断，故障消失后，合旁通晶闸管阀组2与电压源换流器1之间的连接开关3，电压源换流器1接入；为了保证旁 通晶闸管阀组2快速可靠关断，还可以在直流电流较小或零时断开主回路中性线上的开关6，电流过零后再合上开关6。
当电压源换流器1发生严重故障，电压源换流器1需要退出时，如果是瞬时不能自恢复的故障，如换流器自身故障，电压源换流器1需要退出，投入旁通晶闸管阀组2，断开旁通晶闸管阀组2与电压源换流器1之间的连接开关3，为了保证电网换相换流器7继续运行，旁通晶闸管阀组2继续流过电流或者合旁通开关13提供电流通路。当逆变侧交流系统9或电网换相换流器7发生严重故障，电网换相换流器7需要退出时，投电网换相换流器7的旁通对，合旁通开关12为电压源换流器1提供电流通路。
图3为本发明提出的一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检方法，巡检图1和图2的电压源换流器1或电压源换流器1串联支路并联的旁通晶闸管阀组2，将旁通晶闸管阀组分为N个子模块，每个子模块由一个或多个晶闸管串联组成，单个子模块导通时，剩余子模块能承受正常运行时的正向电压。初始化程序，计数器t＝0，如果旁通晶闸管阀组承受正常运行时的正向电压，计数器从t开始增加，如果t增加到T1，则触发子模块1，如果子模块1正常导通，则继续巡检其他子模块，如果子模块1故障，则发出子模块1故障报警信号，停止巡检；如果t增加到2*T1，则触发子模块2，如果子模块2正常导通，则继续巡检其他子模块，如果子模块2故障，则发出子模块2故障报警信号，停止巡检；如果无故障，t继续增加，如果t增加到N*T1，则触发子模块N，如果子模块N正常导通，则继续巡检其他子模块，如果子模块N故障，则发出子模块N故障报警信号，停止巡检；如果t>N*T1，则t＝0，重新巡检子模块1。如果旁通晶闸管阀组承受很低的正向电压，则不触发子模块导通，并发出电压低报警信号。如果旁通晶闸管阀组承受很高的正向电压但低于投旁通晶闸管阀组定值，则不触发子模块导通，发出电压高报警信号；如果电压高于投旁通晶闸管阀组定值，则触发整个旁通晶闸管阀组的子模块；如果收到电压源换流器投入旁通晶闸管阀组命令，则停止巡检，触发整个旁通晶闸管阀组的子模块。上述子模块正常导通是子模块中所有晶闸管都导通，或者子模块设置一定的冗余度，当检测到子模块中不能导通的晶闸管个数少于该冗余度时，继续巡检；需要投入旁通晶闸管阀组时，不能导通的晶闸管通过保护性触发或者击穿来实现流过电流。
图4为本发明提出的一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检控制装置，包括：阀组控制单 元VCU14、阀基电子单元VBE15和晶闸管控制单元TCU16，巡检图1和图2的电压源换流器1并联的旁通晶闸管阀组2。旁通晶闸管阀组分为子模块1、子模块2、……子模块N，每个子模块由一个或多个晶闸管串联组成；单个子模块导通时，剩余没有导通的子模块能够承受正常运行时的正向电压。
阀组控制单元VCU14，检测旁通晶闸管阀组承受正常运行时的正向电压，按照一定时间周期向旁通晶闸管阀组子模块1、子模块2、……子模块N的阀基电子单元VBE15发送控制脉冲CP并接收阀基电子单元的子模块导通信号，如果未收到阀基电子单元的子模块导通信号，则发出报警信号。
阀基电子单元VBE 15，接收阀组控制单元VCU14的控制脉冲CP和晶闸管控制单元TCU16的晶闸管承受正向电压信号IP和晶闸管导通信号CS，并向晶闸管控制单元TCU16发送触发脉冲FP和向阀组控制单元发送子模块导通信号。子模块导通信号是子模块中所有晶闸管都导通。
晶闸管控制单元TCU16，图5示出了其一种电路结构图，包括控制电路17、取能回路18和阻容放电回路19；控制电路17接收阀基电子单元VBE15的触发脉冲FP，并向阀基电子单元VBE15发送晶闸管承受正向电压信号IP、晶闸管导通信号CS；取能回路18至少包括两个静态均压电阻R1、R2和一个储能电容C1，在晶闸管开通前，能获得足够的能量保证晶闸管T1正常开通；阻容放电回路19，至少包括一个电阻R3和一个电容C2，二者串联，在晶闸管T1开通后，能获得足够的能量保证晶闸管正常导通。
可选地，晶闸管导通信号CS用晶闸管承受正向电压信号IP间接判断，当阀组控制单元VCU14发送控制脉冲CP，在短时间内检测到晶闸管控制单元TCU16出现晶闸管承受正向电压信号IP，证明晶闸管T1发生了一次从导通到关断承受正向电压的过程。
晶闸管控制单元TCU16的控制电路17具有保护性触发功能，当晶闸管T1未收到阀基电子单元的触发脉冲，在晶闸管T1被击穿前，对晶闸管T1进行保护性触发。
以上实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检方法，用于巡检旁通晶闸管阀组中的子模块，其特征在于：将旁通晶闸管阀组分为N个子模块，其中N大于等于2，N为自然数；每个子模块由一个或多个晶闸管串联组成，在旁通晶闸管阀组承受正常运行时的正向电压情况下，按照一定时间周期依次触发各个子模块，检测各个子模块是否能够正常工作，如果不能正常工作，则发出报警信号。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检方法，其特征在于：所述旁通晶闸管阀组只包含一个桥臂，由多个晶闸管串联组成，并包含相应的控制保护电路；所述旁通晶闸管阀组用于旁通与其并联的电压源换流器或者与其并联支路上的电压源换流器。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检方法，其特征在于：所述旁通晶闸管阀组分为N个子模块的原则是：满足单个子模块导通时，剩余没有导通的子模块能够承受正常运行时的正向电压。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检方法，其特征在于：所述按照一定时间周期依次触发各个子模块是指：按照顺序触发各个子模块，或者是按照一定概率算法触发各个子模块，需要保证在所述一定时间周期中每个子模块至少触发一次；所述一定时间周期是秒级、或者分钟级、或者小时级、或者天级、或者月级、或者年级。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检方法，其特征在于：所述检测各个子模块是否能够正常工作是通过检测各个子模块从断态到通态、或者处于通态、或者从通态到断态来判断。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检方法，其特征在于：所述子模块正常工作是指子模块中所有晶闸管都能正常导通，或者子模块设置一定的冗余度，当检测到子模块中不能导通的晶闸管个数少于该冗余度时，继续巡检；需要投入旁通晶闸管阀组时，不能导通的晶闸管通过保护性触发或者击穿来实现流过电流。
  7. 一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检控制装置，用于巡检旁通晶闸管阀组中的子模块，其特征在于：所述控制装置包括阀组控制单元、阀基电子单元和晶闸管控制单元，其中：
    阀组控制单元，将旁通晶闸管阀组分为N个子模块，其中N大于等于2，N为自然数；每个子模块由一个或多个晶闸管串联组成，检测旁通晶闸管阀组承受正常运行时的正向电压，按照一定时间周期依次向旁通晶闸管阀组不同子模块的阀基电子单元发送控制脉冲，接收阀基电子单元的子模块导通信号，如果未收到阀基电子单元的子模块导通信号，则发出报警信号；
    阀基电子单元，接收阀组控制单元的控制脉冲和晶闸管控制单元的晶闸管承受正向电压信号，接收晶闸管控制单元的晶闸管导通信号，并向晶闸管控制单元发送触发脉冲，向阀组控制单元发送子模块导通信号；
    晶闸管控制单元，包括控制电路，用于接收阀基电子单元的触发脉冲，并向阀基电子单元发送晶闸管承受正向电压信号，向阀基电子单元发送晶闸管导通信号。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检控制装置，其特征在于：所述晶闸管控制单元还包括取能回路和阻容放电回路；所述取能回路至少包括两个静态均压电阻和一个储能电容，在晶闸管开通前，能获得足够的能量保证晶闸管正常开通；所述阻容放电回路至少包括一个电阻和一个电容，二者串联，在晶闸管开通后，能获得足够的能量保证晶闸管正常导通。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检控制装置，其特征在于：所述旁通晶闸管阀组只包含一个桥臂，由多个晶闸管串联组成，并包含相应的控制保护电路；所述旁通晶闸管阀组用于旁通与其并联的电压源换流器或者与其并联支路上的电压源换流器。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检控制装置，其特征在于：所述旁通晶闸管阀组分为N个子模块的原则是：满足单个子模块导通时，剩余没有导通的子模块能够承受正常运行时的正向电压。
  11. 如权利要求7所述的一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检控制装置，其特征在于：所述按照一定时间周期依次向旁通晶闸管阀组不同子模块的阀基电子单元发送控制脉冲是指：按照顺序触发各个子模块，或者是按照一定概率算法触发各个子模块，需要保证在所述一定时间周期中每个子模块至少触发一次；所述一定时间周期是秒级、或者分钟级、或者小时级、或者天级、或者月级、或者年级。
  12. 如权利要求7所述的一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检控制装置，其特征在于：所述阀组控制单元接收阀基电子单元的子模块导通信号是子模块中所有晶闸管 都导通，或者设置一定的冗余度，子模块中不超过所述冗余度的晶闸管都导通；所述未收到阀基电子单元的子模块导通信号是子模块中任一个或多个晶闸管不导通，或者子模块中超过所述冗余度的晶闸管不导通。
  13. 如权利要求7所述的一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检控制装置，其特征在于：所述晶闸管控制单元向阀基电子单元发送的晶闸管导通信号是通过晶闸管承受正向电压信号消失或者晶闸管流过电流或者晶闸管承受正向电压信号重新出现。
  14. 如权利要求7所述的一种旁通晶闸管阀组巡检控制装置，其特征在于：所述晶闸管控制单元的控制电路具有保护性触发功能，当晶闸管未收到阀基电子单元的触发脉冲，在晶闸管被击穿前，对晶闸管进行保护性触发。
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