WO2019166360A1 - Controlled radiation pattern antenna - Google Patents
Controlled radiation pattern antenna Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019166360A1 WO2019166360A1 PCT/EP2019/054556 EP2019054556W WO2019166360A1 WO 2019166360 A1 WO2019166360 A1 WO 2019166360A1 EP 2019054556 W EP2019054556 W EP 2019054556W WO 2019166360 A1 WO2019166360 A1 WO 2019166360A1
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- dielectric resonator
- antennas
- radiation pattern
- base plate
- antenna
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
- H01Q3/2611—Means for null steering; Adaptive interference nulling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0485—Dielectric resonator antennas
- H01Q9/0492—Dielectric resonator antennas circularly polarised
Definitions
- the invention relates to a controlled radiation pattern antenna.
- Such antennas are known in the art for use in GNSS navigation. They are able to suppress interference from unwanted or intentional sources of interference (such as attackers).
- the essential elements of a CRPA antenna are an antenna array, a frontend unit and a digital signal processor.
- the antenna arrangement has several individual antennas, from each of which GNSS signals can be received. With a suitable combination of the input signals, directions from which signals can be received worse can be placed in the direction of interfering signals, so that they are suppressed.
- the front-end unit converts the RF signals present at the output of the antennas into filtered intermediate frequency (IF) signals which are fed to the digital signal processor.
- IF intermediate frequency
- algorithms for interference suppression are used by analyzing the received signals for suppression of interferences. For example, suitable weighting vectors can be calculated at the antenna outputs, so that the interfering signals can be suppressed.
- CRPA antenna arrays known from the prior art are known, for example, the Novatel GAJT-710ML antenna system and the Raytheon's Landshield system.
- Antennas known from the prior art usually have large dimensions, so that they can not be integrated into mobile devices.
- prior art antennas have interference cancellation in both the GPS LI and L2 bands. This increases the complexity of the antenna since two non-adjacent bands must be accommodated in the same antenna. When the available size for the antenna is limited, the performance of each band often suffers. In order to achieve good performance in both bands, the antennas must be increased, but this negatively affects their usability in different devices.
- the suppression in both the LI and L2 bands increases the number of channels (which is the number of antennas multiplied by the number of bands for which interference is to be suppressed). This increases the computational complexity in the signal processing. If other bands such as L5 / E5a / E6 need to be considered, interference suppression can not be ensured due to the large increase in complexity and associated costs.
- the object of the invention is to provide a controlled radiation pattern antenna which has compact dimensions and at the same time provides the necessary bandwidths for all GNSS signals in the L band.
- the controlled radiation pattern antenna according to the invention has an electrically conductive base plate whose edge is preferably surrounded by a ring of RF-absorbing material.
- an RF-absorbing material may have dielectric losses greater than 0.01 (tangent delta).
- four Ll / El dielectric resonator antennas are provided, which are arranged on the base plate and their operation takes place in the Ll / El band.
- a central dielectric resonator antenna is provided, which is arranged centrally on the base plate in the radial direction between the four Ll / El di-electric resonator antennas and their operation in one of the bands E5 / L5 / L2 and / or E6 takes place.
- the four antennas mentioned can additionally receive signals in the Glonass GI band.
- the four Ll / El dielectric resonator antennas are arranged in the form of a square relative to each other, each of the four antennas forming one corner of the square. At the very center of this square is preferably the central DRA antenna.
- the invention takes advantage of the fact that CRPA functionality is absolutely necessary only in the Ll / El bands, while signal reception at lower bands (even with a single antenna without integrated interference suppression) can be used to increase availability and provide alternative signals in case of strong interference. Furthermore, in the lower bands (L2 / E5a), resistance to interference sources is already achieved by encryption of the signals for military purposes, so that antennas in these bands are less vulnerable.
- the antenna according to the invention makes it possible to receive all the signals in the GNSS bands, including the wideband signals, for example El, E5 in the Galileo system. Furthermore, interference suppression can take place for all Ll / El signals.
- the front-end and the digital signal processing can be simplified according to the invention, since it is not necessary to perform an interference suppression in all bands. It is preferred that the operation of the central dielectric resonator antennas is in the bands L2 and E6. This embodiment of the invention may be an independent invention.
- the operation of the central dielectric resonator antenna takes place in the bands L5 and E5a.
- This embodiment may also be an independent invention.
- all the dielectric resonator antennas are cylindrical and, in particular, have a circular cylindrical shape. They can also have a relative electrical permittivity of over 20.
- the dielectric resonator antennas it is preferable for the dielectric resonator antennas to comprise a glass-ceramic material. This allows a very compact construction of the antennas. It is further preferred that the side remote from the base plate side of the dielectric resonator antennas is covered with a particular circular copper plate. As a result, the miniaturization can be further improved. Furthermore, the fine tuning of the antennas can thereby be improved.
- a cover made of solid material which in the region of the dielectric resonator antennas has, in particular, cylindrical recesses for receiving the respective dielectric resonator antenna.
- This covering hood is not hollow, but consists of solid material and has only the recesses mentioned for receiving the dielectric resonator antennas, so that an improved mechanical stability can be achieved.
- the cover can be made of Plexiglas or synthetic resin. Furthermore, it may be made of a plastic material, optionally by a 3D printer. Furthermore is the use of a low-loss dielectric material is preferred.
- the four fastening screws can each be surrounded in the radial direction by a ring of RF-absorbing material.
- the four fastening screws are arranged in the form of a square relative to each other, wherein each fastening screw is arranged at a corner of the square.
- the square preferably has a side length of 4.8 cm. This corresponds to the individual antennas currently in use, such as the GPS S67-1575 antenna.
- the retrofitting of the antenna according to the invention in existing platforms is thus simplified.
- the fastening screws may comprise a metallic material which has been taken into account in the calculation of the electromagnetic properties of the antenna. The influence of the electromagnetic properties on the metallic material of the screws can be reduced by the RF-absorbing material surrounding the screws.
- FIGS. 1 a - 1 c show a first embodiment of the antenna according to the invention
- FIGS. 2a-2c show a second embodiment of the antenna according to the invention
- FIGS. 3a-3c show a third embodiment of the antenna according to the invention.
- the CRPA antenna according to the invention has an electrically conductive base plate 12, the edge of which is surrounded by a ring 15 of RF-absorbing material.
- the electric base plate 12 is preferably circular.
- the antenna 10 has exactly four Ll / El dielectric resonator antennas 14a-14d, which are arranged on the base plate 12. The operation of these antennas takes place in the Ll / El band. This means that the dimensions and the material of these antennas are selected such that their resonance frequency lies in the said bands.
- Each of these antennas is covered on its side remote from the base plate 12 side with a circular copper plate 18a - 18d.
- a central dielectric resonator antenna 16 is arranged, the operation of which takes place in one of the bands E5 / L5 / L2 and / or E6, preferably in L2 / E6.
- Each of the dielectric resonator antennas 14a-14d, 16 is supplied by two electrical leads connected to electrical components disposed below the metallic base plate 12. Each of these electrical supply lines 19a-19d excites a linear component of the electromagnetic field.
- the signals from the two feeders are then combined in the electrical circuit below the baseplate 12 by a broadband 90 ° hybrid circuit. RHCP and LHCP polarized output signals are generated from the two linear components. These are then routed to the front end and the digital signal processor. This is done by RF connectors, which may preferably be MMBX connectors.
- the antenna 10 has a covering hood 24 made of solid material. This has circular cylindrical recesses for each DRA antenna 14a - 14d, 16, so that the mechanical stability of the antenna 10 can be increased.
- the first embodiment of the antenna 10 may have a diameter of about 150 mm and an axial height of less than 20 mm.
- the diameter for the four Ll / El dielectric resonator antennas 14a-14d may be 15-25 mm in all embodiments of the invention.
- the diameter for the central antenna 16 may be 25-30 mm in all embodiments of the invention.
- the height of all antennas may be 5-20 mm in the first embodiment and 5-20 mm or 5-30 mm in the second and third embodiments.
- the pitch of the four dielectric Ll / El antennas 14a-14d from the center of the base plate 12 may be 40-60 mm. In the second and third embodiments, this distance may be 15-30 mm.
- the central DRA antenna 16 is operated in the L2 / E6 band and can optionally additionally be operated in the L5 / E5A band.
- the second embodiment of the antenna according to the invention as shown in FIGS. 2a-2c is fundamentally of a similar construction, with the four Ll / El DRA antennas 14a-14d being at a smaller distance from the central antenna.
- the screws 22a-22d are arranged in the radial direction outside the four Ll / El DRA antennas 14a-14d, that is to say the center of each screw is located radially further outward than the center point of the screw respective DRA antennas 14a-14d. Accordingly, the fixing screws 22a-22d do not have a ring of RF-absorbing material, as was the case with the first embodiment. In contrast, in this first embodiment, the fixing screws 22a-22d are disposed in the radial direction within the four dielectric resonator antennas 14a-14d.
- the second embodiment of the antenna 10 may have a diameter of about 90 millimeters and an axial height of less than 20 millimeters.
- the second embodiment may have all the features described in connection with the first embodiment.
- FIGS. 3a-3c A third embodiment of the antenna 10 according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 3a-3c.
- the fastening screws 22a-22d are arranged in the radial direction outside the DRA antennas 14a-14d.
- the cover 24 (see Figure 3c) is curved and thus has an improved mechanical stability.
- the central antenna 16 in the third embodiment is operated in L5 / E5A band and can optionally be additionally operated in the L2 / E6 band.
- the third embodiment of the antenna may have a diameter of about 90 mm and a height of less than 30 mm.
- the antenna according to the invention it is possible to provide more than four Ll / El dielectric resonator antennas.
- an antenna can also be used for the Glonass GI band.
- the said bands can cover the following frequencies:
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Abstract
Description
Controlled Radiation Pattern Antenne Controlled radiation pattern antenna
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Controlled Radiation Pattern Antenne. The invention relates to a controlled radiation pattern antenna.
Derartige Antennen sind aus dem Stand der Technik zur Verwendung in der GNSS-Navigation bekannt. Sie sind in der Lage, Interferenzen von ungewollten oder gewollten Störquellen (beispielsweise Angreifern) zu unterdrücken. Such antennas are known in the art for use in GNSS navigation. They are able to suppress interference from unwanted or intentional sources of interference (such as attackers).
Die wesentlichen Elemente einer CRPA-Antenne sind eine Antennenanordnung, eine Frontend-Einheit und ein digitaler Signalprozessor. Die Antennenanord- nung weist mehrere einzelne Antennen auf, von denen jeweils GNSS-Signale empfangen werden können. Bei geeigneter Kombination der Eingangssignale können Richtungen, aus denen Signale schlechter empfangen werden können, in die Richtung von interferierenden Signalen gelegt werden, so dass diese unterdrückt werden. Die Frontend-Einheit überführt die RF-Signale, die am Ausgang der Antennen anliegen, in gefilterte Intermediate Frequency (IF)- Signale, die dem digitalen Signalprozessor zugeführt werden. Hier werden Al- gorithmen zur Interferenzunterdrückung verwendet, indem die empfangenen Signale für die Unterdrückung der Interferenzen analysiert werden. Beispiels- weise können an den Antennenausgängen geeignete Gewichtungsvektoren berechnet werden, so dass die interferierenden Signale unterdrückt werden können. Aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte CRPA-Antennenanordnungen sind zum Beispiel das Novatel GAJT-710ML Antennensystem und das Raytheon's Lands- hield System bekannt. The essential elements of a CRPA antenna are an antenna array, a frontend unit and a digital signal processor. The antenna arrangement has several individual antennas, from each of which GNSS signals can be received. With a suitable combination of the input signals, directions from which signals can be received worse can be placed in the direction of interfering signals, so that they are suppressed. The front-end unit converts the RF signals present at the output of the antennas into filtered intermediate frequency (IF) signals which are fed to the digital signal processor. Here, algorithms for interference suppression are used by analyzing the received signals for suppression of interferences. For example, suitable weighting vectors can be calculated at the antenna outputs, so that the interfering signals can be suppressed. CRPA antenna arrays known from the prior art are known, for example, the Novatel GAJT-710ML antenna system and the Raytheon's Landshield system.
Aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Antennen weisen üblicherweise große Abmessungen auf, so dass sie nicht in mobile Geräte integriert werden kön- nen. Weiterhin weisen aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Antennen eine Interferenzunterdrückung sowohl im GPS LI- als auch im L2-Band auf. Dies erhöht die Komplexität der Antenne, da zwei nicht benachbarte Bänder in der- selben Antenne untergebracht werden müssen. Wenn die zur Verfügung ste- hende Größe für die Antenne beschränkt ist, leidet häufig die Leistungsfähig- keit bei jedem Band. Um eine gute Leistungsfähigkeit in beiden Bändern zu erreichen, müssen die Antennen vergrößert werden, was jedoch ihre Ver- wendbarkeit in verschiedenen Geräten negativ beeinflusst. Außerdem wird durch die Unterdrückung sowohl im LI- als auch im L2-Band die Anzahl der Kanäle erhöht (die sich aus der Anzahl der Antennen multipliziert mit der An- zahl der Bänder ergibt, bei denen die Interferenzen unterdrückt werden sol- len). Dies erhöht die Berechnungskomplexität in der Signalverarbeitung. Wenn weitere Bänder wie zum Beispiel L5/E5a/E6 berücksichtigt werden müssen, kann eine Unterdrückung von Interferenzen aufgrund des starken Anstiegs der Komplexität und der damit verbundenen Kosten nicht gewährleistet werden. Antennas known from the prior art usually have large dimensions, so that they can not be integrated into mobile devices. Furthermore, prior art antennas have interference cancellation in both the GPS LI and L2 bands. This increases the complexity of the antenna since two non-adjacent bands must be accommodated in the same antenna. When the available size for the antenna is limited, the performance of each band often suffers. In order to achieve good performance in both bands, the antennas must be increased, but this negatively affects their usability in different devices. In addition, the suppression in both the LI and L2 bands increases the number of channels (which is the number of antennas multiplied by the number of bands for which interference is to be suppressed). This increases the computational complexity in the signal processing. If other bands such as L5 / E5a / E6 need to be considered, interference suppression can not be ensured due to the large increase in complexity and associated costs.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Controlled Radiation Pattern Antenne be- reitzustellen, die kompakte Abmessungen aufweist und gleichzeitig die not- wendigen Bandbreiten für alle GNSS-Signale im L-Band bereitstellt. The object of the invention is to provide a controlled radiation pattern antenna which has compact dimensions and at the same time provides the necessary bandwidths for all GNSS signals in the L band.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe erfolgt erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des An- spruchs 1. The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.
Die erfindungsgemäße Controlled Radiation Pattern Antenne weist eine elektrisch leitende Grundplatte auf, deren Kante bevorzugt von einem Ring aus RF-absorbierendem Material umgeben ist. In sämtlichen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung kann ein RF-absorbierendes Material beispielsweise dielektrische Verluste von mehr als 0,01 (Tangens Delta) aufweisen. Weiterhin sind vier Ll/El dielelektrische Resonator-Antennen vorgesehen, die auf der Grundplatte angeordnet sind und deren Betrieb im Ll/El-Band erfolgt. Es ist weiterhin eine mittige dielelektrische Resonator-Antenne vorgesehen, die mittig auf der Grundplatte in radialer Richtung zwischen den vier Ll/El di-elelektrischen Re- sonator-Antennen angeordnet ist und deren Betrieb in einem der Bänder E5/L5/L2 und/oder E6 erfolgt. Die genannten vier Antennen können ferner zu- sätzlich Signale im Glonass Gl-Band empfangen. The controlled radiation pattern antenna according to the invention has an electrically conductive base plate whose edge is preferably surrounded by a ring of RF-absorbing material. In all embodiments For example, in accordance with the invention, an RF-absorbing material may have dielectric losses greater than 0.01 (tangent delta). Furthermore, four Ll / El dielectric resonator antennas are provided, which are arranged on the base plate and their operation takes place in the Ll / El band. Furthermore, a central dielectric resonator antenna is provided, which is arranged centrally on the base plate in the radial direction between the four Ll / El di-electric resonator antennas and their operation in one of the bands E5 / L5 / L2 and / or E6 takes place. The four antennas mentioned can additionally receive signals in the Glonass GI band.
Es ist bevorzugt, dass die vier Ll/El dielelektrischen Resonator-Antennen in Form eines Quadrats relativ zueinander angeordnet sind, wobei jede der vier Antennen jeweils eine Ecke des Quadrats ausbildet. Genau im Mittelpunkt die- ses Quadrats befindet sich bevorzugt die mittige DRA-Antenne. It is preferable that the four Ll / El dielectric resonator antennas are arranged in the form of a square relative to each other, each of the four antennas forming one corner of the square. At the very center of this square is preferably the central DRA antenna.
Die Erfindung macht sich die Tatsache zunutze, dass die CRPA-Funktionalität nur in den Ll/El-Bändern unbedingt notwendig ist, während der Signalemp- fang bei niedrigeren Bändern (selbst mit einer einzelnen Antenne ohne inte- grierte Interferenzunterdrückung) dazu verwendet werden kann, die Verfüg- barkeit zu erhöhen und alternative Signale im Fall von starken Interferenzen bereitzustellen. Ferner wird in den niedrigeren Bändern (L2/E5a) eine Wider- standsfähigkeit gegen Störquellen bereits durch die Verschlüsselung der Sig- nale für militärische Zwecke erreicht, so dass Antennen in diesen Bändern we niger angreifbar sind. The invention takes advantage of the fact that CRPA functionality is absolutely necessary only in the Ll / El bands, while signal reception at lower bands (even with a single antenna without integrated interference suppression) can be used to increase availability and provide alternative signals in case of strong interference. Furthermore, in the lower bands (L2 / E5a), resistance to interference sources is already achieved by encryption of the signals for military purposes, so that antennas in these bands are less vulnerable.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Antenne ist es möglich, alle Signale in den GNSS- Bändern zu empfangen, einschließlich der Breitbandsignale, zum Beispiel El, E5 im Galileo-System. Ferner kann eine Interferenzunterdrückung für alle Ll/El-Signale stattfinden. The antenna according to the invention makes it possible to receive all the signals in the GNSS bands, including the wideband signals, for example El, E5 in the Galileo system. Furthermore, interference suppression can take place for all Ll / El signals.
Das Frontend und die digitale Signalverarbeitung können erfindungsgemäß vereinfacht werden, da es nicht notwendig ist, in allen Bändern eine Interfe- renzunterdrückung vorzunehmen. Es ist bevorzugt, dass der Betrieb der mittigen dielelektrischen Resonator- Antennen in den Bändern L2 und E6 erfolgt. Bei dieser Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann es sich um eine eigenständige Erfindung handeln. The front-end and the digital signal processing can be simplified according to the invention, since it is not necessary to perform an interference suppression in all bands. It is preferred that the operation of the central dielectric resonator antennas is in the bands L2 and E6. This embodiment of the invention may be an independent invention.
Weiterhin ist es bevorzugt, dass der Betrieb der mittigen dielelektrischen Re- sonator-Antenne in den Bändern L5 und E5a erfolgt. Bei dieser Ausführungs- form kann es sich ebenfalls um eine eigenständige Erfindung handeln. Furthermore, it is preferred that the operation of the central dielectric resonator antenna takes place in the bands L5 and E5a. This embodiment may also be an independent invention.
Es ist weiterhin bevorzugt, dass alle dielelektrischen Resonator-Antennen zy - lindrisch ausgebildet sind und insbesondere eine kreiszylindrische Form auf- weisen. Sie können weiterhin eine relative elektrische Permettivität von über 20 aufweisen. It is furthermore preferred that all the dielectric resonator antennas are cylindrical and, in particular, have a circular cylindrical shape. They can also have a relative electrical permittivity of over 20.
Weiterhin ist es bevorzugt, dass die dielelektrischen Resonator-Antennen ein glaskeramisches Material aufweisen. Hierdurch wird ein sehr kompakter Auf- bau der Antennen ermöglicht. Es ist weiterhin bevorzugt, dass die von der Grundplatte abgewandte Seite der dielelektrischen Resonator-Antennen mit einer insbesondere kreisrunden Kupferplatte bedeckt ist. Hierdurch kann die Miniaturisierung weiter verbessert werden. Weiterhin kann hierdurch die Fein- abstimmung der Antennen verbessert werden. Furthermore, it is preferable for the dielectric resonator antennas to comprise a glass-ceramic material. This allows a very compact construction of the antennas. It is further preferred that the side remote from the base plate side of the dielectric resonator antennas is covered with a particular circular copper plate. As a result, the miniaturization can be further improved. Furthermore, the fine tuning of the antennas can thereby be improved.
Zur Verbesserung der mechanischen Stabilität und zum Schutz gegen äußere Einwirkungen kann ferner eine Abdeckhaube aus massivem Material vorgese- hen sein, die im Bereich der dielelektrischen Resonator-Antennen insbesonde- re zylindrische Ausnehmungen zur Aufnahme der jeweiligen dielelektrischen Resonator-Antenne aufweist. Diese Abdeckhaube ist nicht hohl, sondern be- steht aus Vollmaterial und weist lediglich die genannten Ausnehmungen zur Aufnahmen der dielelekrischen Resonator-Antennen auf, so dass eine verbes- serte mechanische Stabilität erreicht werden kann. Die Abdeckhaube kann aus Plexiglas oder Kunstharz gefertigt sein. Weiterhin kann sie aus einem Plastik- material gegebenenfalls durch einen 3D-Drucker hergestellt sein. Weiterhin ist die Verwendung eines dielelektrischen Materials mit niedrigen Verlusten be- vorzugt. In order to improve the mechanical stability and to protect against external influences, it is furthermore possible to provide a cover made of solid material, which in the region of the dielectric resonator antennas has, in particular, cylindrical recesses for receiving the respective dielectric resonator antenna. This covering hood is not hollow, but consists of solid material and has only the recesses mentioned for receiving the dielectric resonator antennas, so that an improved mechanical stability can be achieved. The cover can be made of Plexiglas or synthetic resin. Furthermore, it may be made of a plastic material, optionally by a 3D printer. Furthermore is the use of a low-loss dielectric material is preferred.
Es sind weiterhin bevorzugt, vier Befestigungsschrauben zur Befestigung der CRPA-Antenne an einer darunterliegenden Oberfläche vorgesehen. Die vier Befestigungsschrauben können in radialer Richtung jeweils von einem Ring aus RF-absorbierendem Material umgeben sein. It is further preferred to provide four mounting screws for mounting the CRPA antenna to an underlying surface. The four fastening screws can each be surrounded in the radial direction by a ring of RF-absorbing material.
Es ist bevorzugt, dass die vier Befestigungsschrauben in Form eines Quadrats relativ zueinander angeordnet sind, wobei jede Befestigungsschraube an einer Ecke des Quadrats angeordnet ist. Das Quadrat hat bevorzugt eine Seitenlän- ge von 4,8 cm. Dies entspricht den derzeit in Gebrauch befindlichen Einzelan- tennen, wie zum Beispiel der GPS S67-1575 Antenne. Die Nachrüstung der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne bei bestehenden Plattformen wird somit verein- facht. Die Befestigungsschrauben können ein metallisches Material aufweisen, das bei der Berechnung der elektromagnetischen Eigenschaften der Antenne berücksichtigt wurde. Die Beeinflussung der elektromagnetischen Eigenschaf- ten durch das metallische Material der Schrauben kann durch das RF- absorbierende Material reduziert werden, das die Schrauben umgibt. It is preferred that the four fastening screws are arranged in the form of a square relative to each other, wherein each fastening screw is arranged at a corner of the square. The square preferably has a side length of 4.8 cm. This corresponds to the individual antennas currently in use, such as the GPS S67-1575 antenna. The retrofitting of the antenna according to the invention in existing platforms is thus simplified. The fastening screws may comprise a metallic material which has been taken into account in the calculation of the electromagnetic properties of the antenna. The influence of the electromagnetic properties on the metallic material of the screws can be reduced by the RF-absorbing material surrounding the screws.
Im Folgenden werden bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung anhand von Figuren erläutert. Es zeigen : In the following, preferred embodiments of the invention will be explained with reference to figures. Show it :
Figuren la - lc eine erste Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen An- tenne, FIGS. 1 a - 1 c show a first embodiment of the antenna according to the invention,
Figuren 2a - 2c eine zweite Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen An- tenne, FIGS. 2a-2c show a second embodiment of the antenna according to the invention,
Figuren 3a - 3c eine dritte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen An- tenne. In der ersten Ausführungsform gemäß den Figuren la - lc weist die erfin- dungsgemäße CRPA-Antenne eine elektrisch leitende Grundplatte 12 auf, de- ren Kante von einem Ring 15 aus RF-absorbierendem Material umgeben ist. Die elektrische Grundplatte 12 ist bevorzugt kreisrund ausgebildet. Die Anten- ne 10 weist genau vier Ll/El dielektrische Resonator-Antennen 14a - 14d auf, die auf der Grundplatte 12 angeordnet sind. Der Betrieb dieser Antennen er- folgt im Ll/El-Band. Dies bedeutet, dass die Abmessungen und das Material dieser Antennen derart gewählt sind, dass ihre Resonanzfrequenz in den ge- nannten Bändern liegt. FIGS. 3a-3c show a third embodiment of the antenna according to the invention. In the first embodiment according to FIGS. 1 lc, the CRPA antenna according to the invention has an electrically conductive base plate 12, the edge of which is surrounded by a ring 15 of RF-absorbing material. The electric base plate 12 is preferably circular. The antenna 10 has exactly four Ll / El dielectric resonator antennas 14a-14d, which are arranged on the base plate 12. The operation of these antennas takes place in the Ll / El band. This means that the dimensions and the material of these antennas are selected such that their resonance frequency lies in the said bands.
Jede dieser Antennen ist an ihrer von der Grundplatte 12 abgewandten Seite mit einer kreisrunden Kupferplatte 18a - 18d bedeckt. Each of these antennas is covered on its side remote from the base plate 12 side with a circular copper plate 18a - 18d.
In der Mitte der elektrisch leitenden Grundplatte 12 ist eine mittige dielektri- sche Resonator-Antenne 16 angeordnet, deren Betrieb in einem der Bänder E5/L5/L2 und/oder E6, bevorzugt in L2/E6 erfolgt. In the center of the electrically conductive base plate 12, a central dielectric resonator antenna 16 is arranged, the operation of which takes place in one of the bands E5 / L5 / L2 and / or E6, preferably in L2 / E6.
Jede der dielektrischen Resonator-Antennen 14a - 14d, 16 wird durch zwei elektrische Leitungen versorgt, die mit elektrischen Komponenten verbunden sind, die unterhalb der metallischen Grundplatte 12 angeordnet sind. Jede die- ser elektrischen Zuführleitungen 19a - 19d regt eine lineare Komponente des elektromagnetischen Felds an. Die Signale der zwei Zuführleitungen werden dann in der elektrischen Schaltung unterhalb der Grundplatte 12 durch eine Breitband 90° Hybridschaltung kombiniert. Es werden RHCP- und LHCP- polarisierte Ausgangssignale aus den zwei linearen Komponenten generiert. Diese werden dann an das Frontend und den digitalen Signalprozessor gelei- tet. Dies erfolgt durch RF-Verbinder, die bevorzugt MMBX-Verbinder sein kön- nen. Each of the dielectric resonator antennas 14a-14d, 16 is supplied by two electrical leads connected to electrical components disposed below the metallic base plate 12. Each of these electrical supply lines 19a-19d excites a linear component of the electromagnetic field. The signals from the two feeders are then combined in the electrical circuit below the baseplate 12 by a broadband 90 ° hybrid circuit. RHCP and LHCP polarized output signals are generated from the two linear components. These are then routed to the front end and the digital signal processor. This is done by RF connectors, which may preferably be MMBX connectors.
Es ist möglich, in sämtlichen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung nur das RHCP- Ausgangssignal weiterzuleiten, während das LHCP-Ausgangssignal blockiert wird. Dies kann beispielsweise durch einen 50 Ohm Widerstand erfolgen. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, sowohl das RHCP-Ausgangssignal als auch das LHCP- Ausgangssignal am Ausgang der Antenne bereitzustellen, so dass diese Signa- le in Anwendungen verwendet werden können, die polarimetrische Messungen verwenden (beispielsweise Multipath Mitigation). It is possible in all embodiments of the invention to pass only the RHCP output signal while blocking the LHCP output signal. This can be done for example by a 50 ohm resistor. It is however, it is also possible to provide both the RHCP output and the LHCP output at the output of the antenna so that these signals can be used in applications that use polarimetric measurements (eg, multipath mitigation).
Wie in Figur lc sichtbar, weist die Antenne 10 eine Abdeckhaube 24 aus Voll- material auf. Diese weist kreiszylindrische Ausnehmungen für jede DRA- Antenne 14a - 14d, 16 auf, so dass die mechanische Stabilität der Antenne 10 erhöht werden kann. As can be seen in FIG. 1c, the antenna 10 has a covering hood 24 made of solid material. This has circular cylindrical recesses for each DRA antenna 14a - 14d, 16, so that the mechanical stability of the antenna 10 can be increased.
Die erste Ausführungsform der Antenne 10 kann einen Durchmesser von ca. 150 mm und eine axiale Höhe von weniger als 20 mm aufweisen. Der Durchmesser für die vier Ll/El dielektrischen Resonator-Antennen 14a - 14d kann bei allen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung 15 - 25 mm betragen. Der Durchmesser für die mittige Antenne 16 kann bei allen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung 25 - 30 mm betragen. Die Höhe aller Antennen kann bei der ersten Ausführungsform 5 - 20 mm und bei der zweiten und dritten Ausführungs- form 5 - 20 mm oder 5 - 30 mm betragen. Bei der ersten Ausführungsform kann der Abstand der vier dielektrischen Ll/El Antennen 14a - 14d vom Mit- telpunkt der Grundplatte 12 40 - 60 mm betragen. Bei der zweiten und dritten Ausführungsform kann dieser Abstand 15 - 30 mm betragen. The first embodiment of the antenna 10 may have a diameter of about 150 mm and an axial height of less than 20 mm. The diameter for the four Ll / El dielectric resonator antennas 14a-14d may be 15-25 mm in all embodiments of the invention. The diameter for the central antenna 16 may be 25-30 mm in all embodiments of the invention. The height of all antennas may be 5-20 mm in the first embodiment and 5-20 mm or 5-30 mm in the second and third embodiments. In the first embodiment, the pitch of the four dielectric Ll / El antennas 14a-14d from the center of the base plate 12 may be 40-60 mm. In the second and third embodiments, this distance may be 15-30 mm.
In der ersten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne 10 wird die mittige DRA-Antenne 16 im L2/E6 Band betrieben und kann optional zusätzlich im L5/E5A Band betrieben werden. In the first embodiment of the antenna 10 according to the invention, the central DRA antenna 16 is operated in the L2 / E6 band and can optionally additionally be operated in the L5 / E5A band.
Die zweite Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne gemäß den Figu- ren 2a - 2c ist grundsätzlich ähnlich aufgebaut, wobei hier die vier Ll/El DRA- Antennen 14a - 14d einen geringeren Abstand zur mittigen Antenne aufwei sen. In der zweiten Ausführungsform gemäß den Figuren 2a - 2c sind die Schrau- ben 22a - 22d in radialer Richtung außerhalb der vier Ll/El DRA- Antennen 14a - 14d angeordnet, das heißt der Mittelpunkt jeder Schraube befindet sich radial weiter außen als der Mittelpunkt der jeweiligen DRA- Antenne 14a - 14d. Dementsprechend weisen die Befestigungsschrauben 22a - 22d keinen Ring aus RF-absorbierendem Material auf, wie dies noch bei der ersten Ausführungsform der Fall war. In dieser ersten Ausführungsform sind die Befestigungs-schrauben 22a - 22d dagegen in radialer Richtung innerhalb der vier dielektrischen Resonator-Antennen 14a - 14d angeordnet. The second embodiment of the antenna according to the invention as shown in FIGS. 2a-2c is fundamentally of a similar construction, with the four Ll / El DRA antennas 14a-14d being at a smaller distance from the central antenna. In the second embodiment according to FIGS. 2a-2c, the screws 22a-22d are arranged in the radial direction outside the four Ll / El DRA antennas 14a-14d, that is to say the center of each screw is located radially further outward than the center point of the screw respective DRA antennas 14a-14d. Accordingly, the fixing screws 22a-22d do not have a ring of RF-absorbing material, as was the case with the first embodiment. In contrast, in this first embodiment, the fixing screws 22a-22d are disposed in the radial direction within the four dielectric resonator antennas 14a-14d.
Die zweite Ausführungsform der Antenne 10 kann einen Durchmesser von ca. 90 Millimetern und eine axiale Höhe von weniger als 20 Millimetern aufweisen. The second embodiment of the antenna 10 may have a diameter of about 90 millimeters and an axial height of less than 20 millimeters.
Die zweite Ausführungsform kann sämtliche Merkmale aufweisen, die in Zu- sammenhang mit der ersten Ausführungsform beschrieben wurden. The second embodiment may have all the features described in connection with the first embodiment.
Eine dritte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne 10 ist in Figu- ren 3a - 3c dargestellt. Auch hier sind die Befestigungsschrauben 22a - 22d in radialer Richtung außerhalb der DRA-Antennen 14a - 14d angeordnet. A third embodiment of the antenna 10 according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 3a-3c. Here, too, the fastening screws 22a-22d are arranged in the radial direction outside the DRA antennas 14a-14d.
Die Abdeckhaube 24 (s. Figur 3c) ist gewölbt und weist somit eine verbesserte mechanische Stabilität auf. Die mittige Antenne 16 in der dritten Ausführungs- form wird in L5/E5A Band betrieben und kann optional zusätzlich im L2/E6 Band betrieben werden. The cover 24 (see Figure 3c) is curved and thus has an improved mechanical stability. The central antenna 16 in the third embodiment is operated in L5 / E5A band and can optionally be additionally operated in the L2 / E6 band.
Die dritte Ausführungsform der Antenne kann einen Durchmesser von ca. 90 mm und eine Höhe von unter 30 mm aufweisen. The third embodiment of the antenna may have a diameter of about 90 mm and a height of less than 30 mm.
In allen Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne ist es möglich, mehr als vier Ll/El dielektrischen Resonator-Antennen vorzusehen. Beispiels- weise kann zusätzlich eine Antenne für das Glonass Gl-Band verwendet wer- den. In allen Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Antennen können die ge- nannten Bänder die folgenden Frequenzen abdecken : In all embodiments of the antenna according to the invention, it is possible to provide more than four Ll / El dielectric resonator antennas. For example, an antenna can also be used for the Glonass GI band. In all embodiments of the antennas according to the invention, the said bands can cover the following frequencies:
Ll/El : 1559-1591 MHz; L5/E5a : 1164-1189MHz; L2: 1215-1239 MHz; E6: 1260-1300 MHz, Glonass Gl-Band : 1593-1610 MHz L1 / El: 1559-1591 MHz; L5 / E5a: 1164-1189MHz; L2: 1215-1239 MHz; E6: 1260-1300 MHz, Glonass GI band: 1593-1610 MHz
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018203191.6A DE102018203191A1 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2018-03-02 | Controlled radiation pattern antenna |
| DE102018203191.6 | 2018-03-02 |
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| WO2019166360A1 true WO2019166360A1 (en) | 2019-09-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/EP2019/054556 Ceased WO2019166360A1 (en) | 2018-03-02 | 2019-02-25 | Controlled radiation pattern antenna |
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| DE (4) | DE102018203191A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2019166360A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5880695A (en) * | 1998-02-05 | 1999-03-09 | Astron Corporation | Antenna system for wireless comunication systems |
| EP1674882A1 (en) * | 2004-12-27 | 2006-06-28 | TDK Corporation | Radar device |
| WO2016061187A1 (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-04-21 | Rogers Corporation | Array apparatus, circuit material, and assembly having the same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6292141B1 (en) * | 1999-04-02 | 2001-09-18 | Qualcomm Inc. | Dielectric-patch resonator antenna |
| US20150346345A1 (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2015-12-03 | Ohio University | Global navigation systems antenna |
| DE102015220372B3 (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-10-06 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Multiband GNSS antenna |
-
2018
- 2018-03-02 DE DE102018203191.6A patent/DE102018203191A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2018-04-20 DE DE202018002095.8U patent/DE202018002095U1/en active Active
- 2018-04-20 DE DE202018002096.6U patent/DE202018002096U1/en active Active
- 2018-04-20 DE DE202018002041.9U patent/DE202018002041U1/en active Active
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5880695A (en) * | 1998-02-05 | 1999-03-09 | Astron Corporation | Antenna system for wireless comunication systems |
| EP1674882A1 (en) * | 2004-12-27 | 2006-06-28 | TDK Corporation | Radar device |
| WO2016061187A1 (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-04-21 | Rogers Corporation | Array apparatus, circuit material, and assembly having the same |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| CAIZZONE STEFANO ET AL: "Compact 6+1 antenna array for robust GNSS applications", 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOCALIZATION AND GNSS (ICL-GNSS), IEEE, 28 June 2016 (2016-06-28), pages 1 - 4, XP032938918, DOI: 10.1109/ICL-GNSS.2016.7533853 * |
| VOLAKIS JOHN L ET AL: "Small and Adaptive Antennas and Arrays for GNSS Applications", PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, IEEE. NEW YORK, US, vol. 104, no. 6, 1 June 2016 (2016-06-01), pages 1221 - 1232, XP011610462, ISSN: 0018-9219, [retrieved on 20160518], DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2016.2528165 * |
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| DE202018002041U1 (en) | 2019-03-06 |
| DE202018002096U1 (en) | 2019-03-06 |
| DE202018002095U1 (en) | 2019-03-07 |
| DE102018203191A1 (en) | 2019-09-05 |
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