WO2019161639A1 - 一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统 - Google Patents

一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019161639A1
WO2019161639A1 PCT/CN2018/096522 CN2018096522W WO2019161639A1 WO 2019161639 A1 WO2019161639 A1 WO 2019161639A1 CN 2018096522 W CN2018096522 W CN 2018096522W WO 2019161639 A1 WO2019161639 A1 WO 2019161639A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
slag
granulation
moving bed
air
waste heat
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PCT/CN2018/096522
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王树众
马立伟
赵军
张茜
孟海鱼
吴志强
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西安交通大学
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Publication of WO2019161639A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019161639A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
    • C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
    • C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
    • C21B3/08—Cooling slag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D15/00—Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D15/00—Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor
    • F27D15/02—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/02—Physical or chemical treatment of slags
    • C21B2400/022—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag
    • C21B2400/026—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag using air, inert gases or removable conductive bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/02—Physical or chemical treatment of slags
    • C21B2400/034—Stirring or agitating by pressurised fluids or by moving apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/05—Apparatus features
    • C21B2400/052—Apparatus features including rotating parts
    • C21B2400/054—Disc-shaped or conical parts for cooling, dispersing or atomising of molten slag rotating along vertical axis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/08—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes with energy recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of high temperature liquid slag waste heat recovery, and particularly relates to a system for dry centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery and utilization of liquid slag.
  • the water quenching method is a conventional blast furnace slag treatment method, and can be specifically classified into Inbafa, Tulafa, bottom filtration, Lhasa, and Mintek according to the process flow.
  • the treatment process wastes a lot of water resources, generates harmful gases such as SO 2 and H 2 S, and cannot effectively recover high-quality waste heat resources contained in high-temperature liquid slag.
  • the water quenching method not only wastes the high-quality waste heat resources contained in the high-temperature liquid slag, but also consumes a large amount of water resources and causes serious pollution to the environment. These treatment methods can no longer meet the urgent needs of energy saving and emission reduction in the current steel industry. A highly efficient, non-polluting new technology must be sought to effectively recycle liquid slag resources.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a system for dry granulation and waste heat recovery of liquid slag to ensure efficient granulation of liquid slag and efficient heat recovery.
  • a system for dry granulation and waste heat recovery of liquid slag including slag buffer and flow control module, slag centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery module, slag moving bed heat exchange and waste heat recovery module and high temperature air Residual heat utilization module; slag buffer and flow control module are arranged in the upper part of slag centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery module, used for liquid slag buffer and control liquid slag drop to slag centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery module flow and speed
  • the slag centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery module is used for granulating the falling liquid slag; the slag moving bed heat exchange and the waste heat recovery module are arranged in the lower part of the slag centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery module for granulation
  • the slag is cooled and temporarily stored; the slag centrifugal granulation and the waste heat recovery module and the slag moving bed heat exchange and the heat-heat communication in the waste
  • the slag buffer and the flow control module comprises a slag bag outer casing, a sizing nozzle, a stopper rod, a burner, a sealing cover and a slag discharging pipe; a slag opening is arranged at the top of the slag bag outer casing, and a slag opening is arranged at the bottom; a burner is arranged on the upper part or the side of the slag bag shell; the top of the slag bag shell is made of refractory brick as a vault structure; the thickness ratio of the bottom material of the slag bag outer shell to the side wall material is 1.4-2.2;
  • the utility model has a sizing nozzle and a plug rod matched with the sizing nozzle; a sealing cover is arranged outside the slag outlet, and a slag discharging pipe is arranged at the bottom of the sealing hood; a slag centrifugal granulation and a waste heat recovery module are arranged at a lower portion of the
  • the slag centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery module comprises a slag discharge pipe, a granulation bin and a granulation device; the top of the granulation bin has an opening at the top, and the slag pipe extends into the slag pipe, and the slag pipe has a refractory layer outside, and granulates
  • the equipment is arranged in the center; the slag pipe fixing device is arranged outside the slag pipe extending into the granulation bin; the water chilling wall heating surface is laid inside the granulating bin, and the water cooling wall heating surface adopts the membrane water wall, which is arranged vertically; the granulating bin There is also a film cooling device on the wall; the granulating equipment comprises: a granulator, a granulator fixing device, a granulator driving device and a shaft cooling air passage; the granulator is fixed on the granulator fixing device; granulation The airflow channel is arranged inside the fixture, the
  • the granulator driving device comprises a motor and a rotating shaft; the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with the lower end of the rotating shaft; the upper end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the bottom of the granulator fixing device; the rotating shaft is provided with a plurality of temperature resistant blades;
  • the shaft cooling air passage includes a motor a sealing cover, an inner sleeve of the air duct and a shaft sleeve; the sealing cover surrounds the outer circumference of the motor, the sleeve and the shaft sleeve of the air duct are sleeved on the outer circumference of the rotating shaft; the inner ring of the temperature resistant thrust bearing and the temperature resistant positioning bearing are fixed on the rotating shaft
  • the upper ring is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve in the air duct;
  • the shaft sleeve is fixed between the outer ring of the temperature resistant thrust bearing and the outer ring of the lowermost temperature resistant positioning bearing, and a part of the temperature resistant blade
  • the slag moving bed heat exchange and waste heat recovery module comprises a moving bed; the moving bed comprises a furnace wall and a receiving bin; the furnace wall surrounds two symmetrical and upper and lower accommodating cavities; the two accommodating cavities are formed by the intermediate furnace wall Separated; the bottom of the accommodating chamber is provided with a receiving bin; the upper part of the conical receiving cavity is arranged with a dilute phase zone buried pipe, the lower part of the dilute phase zone is provided with a scraper; the lower part of the scraper is arranged with an air distributing device; The space between the air distribution device and the scraper is arranged with a dense phase zone buried pipe; the bottom of the receiving bin is provided with a rotary sealing valve; the outer wall of the receiving bin is provided with a vibrating block; the furnace wall is a cooling wall; and the cooling wall is coil cooling Wall, membrane stave or non-membrane stave; in the dilute phase zone of the moving bed, several layers of dilute phase zone buried between the intermediate furnace wall and the furnace wall; the dense
  • the air distribution device is located at the bottom of the moving bed, and includes a plurality of air distribution ducts disposed on the upper part of the receiving compartment; a plurality of air distribution hoods are arranged on the air distribution air duct; the air distribution apparatus further comprises a vibration motor, a spring and a steel wire rope;
  • the wind pipe is softly connected to the furnace wall through two ends; one end of the wire rope is fixedly connected to the intermediate furnace wall by a spring, and the other end is connected to the vibration motor; at the same time, the vibration motor is connected to the air distribution duct through the wire rope, and the vibration motor can rotate the wire wind pipe through the wire rope.
  • the squeegee is a flat push squeegee;
  • the flat push squeegee comprises a plurality of flat push squeegee air ducts, and the flat push squeegee air duct is provided with a plurality of flat push squeegee hoods;
  • the two ends of the flat-plate scraper duct are connected to the side air duct, the side air duct protrudes out of the moving bed furnace wall and the reciprocating motor is connected by the rack and pinion mechanism;
  • the reciprocating motor rotation can drive the flat pusher scraper to reciprocate horizontally;
  • the flat pusher scraper reciprocates to maintain a uniform level of the material layer in the moving bed, while the flat pusher hood hood on the flat pusher plate can both cool the squeegee and cool the high temperature slag particles on the moving bed.
  • system steam flow generally adopts a natural circulation, a forced circulation, a direct current or a composite circulation (forced circulation plus natural circulation).
  • a natural circulation a forced circulation
  • a direct current a composite circulation
  • composite circulation forced circulation plus natural circulation
  • the water wall tube, the lower part of the moving bed is provided with an inlet ring header box 310, the moving bed outlet is provided with an outlet ring header box 301, the bottom of the granulating chamber 5 is provided with an inlet header box 208, and the top is provided with an outlet ring collecting box 203;
  • the cycle forced circulation plus natural circulation
  • the granulated warehouse and the moving bed heating surface adopt the coiled water wall as a whole
  • the water vapor in the system includes one of the following processes:
  • system steam flow adopts a natural circulation, a forced circulation, a direct current or a composite circulation mode, and the water vapor in the system includes one of the following processes:
  • a micro-negative pressure of -5 to 10 Pa is formed in the granulation chamber and the moving bed.
  • system gas flow is composed of the following parts, and the air is divided into multiple units into the following devices:
  • An air enters the moving bed through the moving bed air distribution device and exchanges heat with the high temperature slag particles into high temperature air;
  • An air shaft cooling air duct and a temperature resistant blade generate a self-generating wind together with the first air outlet and the second air outlet of the granulator into the granulation chamber;
  • a stream of air enters the granulation bin from the top of the granulation bin or the side film cooling device;
  • the moving bed high temperature air and the granulation bin two air confluence may be discharged from the top of the granulation bin or discharged into the high temperature air waste heat utilization module at the junction of the granulation bin and the moving bed;
  • the air and the combustible gas are combusted by the burner to generate high-temperature flue gas into the slag-package shell.
  • the high-temperature flue gas enters the flow control device from the slag-package shell and enters the granulation bin through the slag-slipping pipe, and merges with the granulated warehouse two air and moving bed high-temperature air.
  • the high temperature air waste heat utilization module After entering the high temperature air waste heat utilization module through the top of the granulation bin or the side of the moving bed or the combination of the granulation bin and the moving bed; the high temperature air waste heat is arranged with the gas solid separation device by using the module inlet.
  • the present invention discloses a liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery and utilization system, including a slag buffer and a flow control module, slag centrifugal granulation and The waste heat recovery module, the slag moving bed heat exchange and waste heat recovery module and the high temperature air waste heat utilization module include a water vapor process, an air flow, a flue gas process, a slag process and corresponding equipment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure
  • Figure 2 is a front view of the slag buffer and flow control module
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the slag buffer and flow control module
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a burner arrangement in a slag buffer and a flow control module; wherein FIG. 4(a) shows that the burner is arranged on the top of the slag package; FIG. 4(b) shows that the burner is arranged on the side wall of the slag package;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a slag centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery module
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of a granulation apparatus
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of a granulator and its fixing device
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a slag moving bed heat exchange and waste heat recovery module
  • Figure 9 is a plan view of the squeegee in the moving bed
  • Figure 10 is a plan view of the moving bed air distribution device of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of a rotary blade of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the system
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the system slag, air, gas and high temperature flue gas flow I;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the system water flow I
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the system slag, air, gas and high temperature flue gas flow II;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the system water flow II
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the system water flow III
  • Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the system slag and gas flow.
  • the present invention relates to a liquid slag dry centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery and utilization system, comprising: a slag buffer and a flow control module, a slag centrifugal granulation and a waste heat recovery module 2 , slag moving bed heat exchange and waste heat recovery module 3 and high temperature air waste heat utilization module 4.
  • the slag buffer and flow control module 1 is disposed on the upper part of the slag centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery module 2 for buffering the liquid slag and controlling the flow rate and speed of the liquid slag falling to the slag centrifugal granulation and the waste heat recovery module 2;
  • the slag centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery module 2 is used for granulating the falling liquid slag;
  • the slag moving bed heat exchange and waste heat recovery module 3 is arranged in the lower part of the slag centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery module 2, for The granulated slag is cooled and temporarily stored;
  • the slag centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery module 2 and the slag moving bed heat exchange and the heat recovery in the waste heat recovery module 3 are connected to the high temperature air waste heat utilization module 4.
  • the high-temperature air waste heat utilization module 4 includes a primary dust collector 401, a waste heat boiler 402, a secondary dust remover 403, an exhaust fan 404, and a chimney 405 which are sequentially disposed.
  • the slag buffer and flow control module 1 includes a slag bag housing 101, a sizing nozzle 105, a stopper rod, a burner 111, a sealing cover 102, and a slag tube 103.
  • the slag bag housing 101 is arranged with a slag opening 112 at the top and a slag opening at the bottom; the slag opening can be provided with one, two or more; the slag opening can be arranged on one side of the slag bag, or bilaterally symmetric Arranged or arranged radially along the slag bag; an accident slag discharge port 114 is arranged around the bottom of the slag bag outer casing 101 for emergency slag discharge in the event of an accident; the thickness ratio of the bottom material of the slag bag outer casing 101 to the side wall material It is guaranteed to be in the range of 1.4-2.2; a sizing nozzle 105 and a stopper rod are arranged at the slag outlet; a sealing cover 102 is arranged outside the slag outlet, and a slag collecting pipe 103 is arranged under the sealing hood.
  • a granulation chamber is disposed at a lower portion of the slag pipe 103.
  • the top of the slag pack 101 is provided with a burner 111; during the baking and preheating process, the flue gas generated by the burner 111 passes through the inner cavity of the slag pack 101, and then passes through the sealing cover 102, the slag tube 103, and the waste heat recovery module. 117. Finally, the chimney 118 is discharged into the atmosphere, and the related components of the slag pack 101, the slag tube 103, and the waste heat recovery module 117 are baked to achieve the purpose of drying moisture, and the heat of the flue gas is effectively recovered. The quality of granulation during subsequent operation of the device. During the heating process during normal operation of the device, the flue gas flow generated by the burner 111 is recovered by the heat exchanger and then discharged by the exhaust pipe disposed on the slag bag casing 101.
  • the top of the slag bag shell 101 is designed as a vault structure by refractory brick masonry, and the span ratio is designed to be in the range of 0-0.45; the vouchers can be constructed by one, two or more layers of refractory bricks; Different materials can be selected for masonry; according to the force characteristics and thermal insulation performance requirements of various positions on the top of the slag bag, different refractory insulation bricks can be selected to be refractory insulation layers of different thicknesses. Therefore, the structure of the slag bag outer casing 101 is prevented from being broken due to different force at various positions, and the bearing load structure has a good bearing capacity when the vertical load is applied, and the structural stability of the slag package under the slag or high temperature baking condition is ensured. Operational security.
  • the burner 111 arranged on the top of the slag pack 101 has two arrangements: 1) the burner 111 adopts an L-shaped arrangement: a vertical flue gas duct is arranged at the top of the slag pack, and the vertical duct is outside the slag pack by a 90 The elbow of ° becomes a horizontal duct structure; the burner is arranged in this horizontal flue gas duct. 2) The burner is arranged laterally on the side of the slag bag: the burner is placed in this horizontal pipe by opening a horizontal flue gas duct on the side wall of the slag bag.
  • the bottom of the slag package 101 is made of a heat-insulating refractory material with better insulation performance. [Tz4] In order to prevent the bottom slag from clogging the nozzle due to excessive temperature drop after the end of the standing process.
  • the boundary between the side wall of the slag bag shell 101 and the bottom of the package adopts a rounded structure, and the angle of the round corner is set in the range of 10-90° to reduce the thickness of the solidified layer of the liquid slag at the interface, thereby improving the stability of the system operation. .
  • An infrared thermometer 113 is disposed on the slag package 101, an infrared thermometer 104 is disposed on the sealing cover 102, and a temperature measuring point 109 is embedded in the sidewall of the slag package 101; during the baking process, according to the inside of the sidewall of the slag package 101
  • the temperature measuring point 109 controls the heating power of the burner 111 to ensure that the slag package 101 can be reached and maintained at a certain temperature level after baking; after the slag enters the slag package 101, according to the slag package top infrared thermometer 113
  • the measured slag temperature controls the heating power of the burner 111 at the top of the slag bag to ensure that the slag temperature in the slag package is maintained within a certain range; the slag in the slag shell 101 flows out of the sizing nozzle 105 to enter the slag After the tube 103, the heating power of the burner 11 at the top of the slag pack 101 is controlled according to
  • the slag bag outer casing 101 is provided with a coke powder spray port and an air passage through the air, and one or more sets of coke powder spray ports and air pipes can be respectively arranged.
  • the present invention designs three heat-retaining modes to maintain the liquid slag temperature; 1) by interlocking the temperature in the slag-package 101 and the heat-recovering power of the burner 111 to maintain the slag temperature in the slag-package 101 always constant Temperature range; 2) adjusting the temperature of the slag in the slag pack 101 by manually adjusting the heating power of the burner 111; 3) maintaining the slag shell 101 by spraying the coke powder into the slag shell 101 and introducing air into the slag shell 101
  • the liquid slag temperature is always maintained within a certain temperature range.
  • the slag opening is provided with a sizing nozzle 105 and a stopper rod.
  • the stopper rod is composed of a stopper rod head 106, a stopper rod 107 and a stopper rod control device 108; the stopper rod rod is respectively connected with the stopper rod head 106 and the stopper rod control device 108; a liquid level monitoring device 110 is disposed at the top of the slag bag casing 101 to measure the liquid slag liquid level in the slag bag casing 101, and the measurement result is fed back to the stopper rod control device; when the slag liquid level in the slag bag casing 101 Below the set value, the liquid level signal causes the stopper control device to be given outside the slag bag, increasing the flow area between the stopper head and the sizing nozzle, thereby increasing the slag flow rate; When the slag liquid level exceeds the set value, the stopper control device feeds into the slag bag to reduce the flow area between the plug head and the sizing nozzle,
  • the slag bag casing 101 is provided with a sealing air duct for introducing a gas such as air for sealing; the gas can be introduced into the slag bag casing 101 through an air pipe in the burner 111 or an air duct 116 opened in the slag casing 101.
  • a sealing air duct for introducing a gas such as air for sealing; the gas can be introduced into the slag bag casing 101 through an air pipe in the burner 111 or an air duct 116 opened in the slag casing 101.
  • the slag bag casing 101 is provided with a pressure gauge 119 for measuring the pressure in the slag bag casing 101, and the pressure of the slag at the slag tapping port is calculated by calculation; the slag liquid level and pressure in the slag bag casing 101 are interlocked to ensure The pressure at the slag outlet in the slag shell 101 does not change as the slag level decreases, thereby ensuring a stable flow of the slag.
  • the plug head 106, the sizing nozzle 105, the wall surface of the slag pack 101, and the like are made of materials resistant to corrosion and abrasion of slag, such as ceramics, to improve the life of the corresponding components.
  • a slag centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery module 2 including a slag tube 201, a granulation tank 205 and a granulation device;
  • the granulation bin 205 is square or circular, and the upper portion thereof is a flat top or a dome; the top of the granulation bin 205 is provided with an opening at the top center thereof, and the slag pipe 201 is inserted therein.
  • the slag pipe 201 has a refractory layer 202 outside, and granulates.
  • the equipment is arranged in the center; the water-cooling wall heating surface 206 is disposed inside the granulating chamber 205, and the heating surface adopts a membrane water-cooling wall and is vertically arranged; the bottom of the granulating chamber 5 is provided with a water collecting box 208, and the top of the granulating chamber is provided with an outlet ring collecting The header 203; the water-cooling wall heating surface 206 communicates with the water collecting box 208 and the outlet annular collecting box 203; the granulating chamber 5 is provided with a film cooling device 207 on the wall surface, and the granulated slag particles flying to the wall surface of the granulating chamber are subjected to cool down.
  • the slag tube fixing device 204 is disposed outside the slag tube 201 of the granulation chamber 205, and the slag tube fixing device 204 has a plurality of structures, such as a cone-shaped tube on the outside thereof, and a tube-in-tube passage whose diameter is continuously reduced at the outer and bottom portions thereof. Cooling water or a spiral cold pipe for cooling the gas medium, etc., can fix the slag pipe 201 extending into the granulation bin 205, and prevent the slag pipe which is broken due to direct corrosion and erosion abrasion of the high temperature slag from falling into the granulation.
  • the slag tube fixing device 204 is coated with a refractory material which can withstand temperatures above 1400 ° C to prevent over-temperature damage; the slag tube fixing device 204 can be cooled by cooling water or air, nitrogen or the like to prevent over-temperature damage.
  • one of the sources of water is the outlet annular collecting box 203.
  • One or more exhaust film cooling devices 207 such as nozzles, strip nozzles, etc., are attached to the wall of the granulation chamber or are arranged near the wall, and the sprayed cooling medium such as air, nitrogen, etc., forms an annular edge wind film;
  • the air outlet of the membrane cooling device 207 is provided with a wind net, and the wind net is composed of a refractory material, which is used to prevent flying high-temperature granulated slag particles from flying into the nozzle tuyere, causing nozzle damage and affecting the cooling effect;
  • the upper film cooling device 7 is located near the height of the granulator 219.
  • Adjusting the distance between the film cooling device and the wall surface and the exit wind speed and the outlet angle can be used to cool the high-temperature granulated slag particles flying to the wall of the granulation bin without disturbing the flight path of the granulated slag particles. Sticky wall.
  • the granulating device comprises: a granulator 219, a granulator fixing device 232, a granulator driving device;
  • the granulator 219 is in the shape of a disk or a cup, and the edge inclination angle is 30° to 60°, and the center is provided with a flow guiding cone;
  • the granulator 219 is fixed on the granulator fixing device 232;
  • the granulator fixing device 232 is internally provided with an air flow passage 233;
  • the granulator fixing device 232 is disposed in contact with the expanded heat receiving surface 234 in the bottom of the granulator 219, such as an annular rib.
  • the sheet and the like can better cool the granulator fixing device;
  • the top of the granulator fixing device 232 has a plurality of tuyées 236, and the outlet angle of the top tuyere intersects with the dip angle of the edge of the granulator, which can be formed during the granulation process.
  • the liquid film or liquid wire is subjected to external force breaking to enhance the granulation effect;
  • the granulator fixing device 232 is provided with a plurality of tuyées 235 on the side thereof, and the tuyere is parallel or intersected with the inclination angle of the granulator edge, and can be used for the liquid filament during the granulation process.
  • the droplets formed by the fracture are cooled to increase the glass transition rate.
  • the tuyere 236 and the tuyere 235 are in communication with the air flow passage 233.
  • the granulator driving device includes a motor 209, a sealing cover 210, a rotating shaft 223, a shaft sleeve 222, an inner tube sleeve 217, an outer tube sleeve 216, a hood 220, and the like.
  • the motor 209 and the rotating shaft 223 are coupled by a coupling 211; the rotating shaft is provided with a plurality of temperature-resistant blades 224; the bottom of the rotating shaft 223 is provided with a temperature-resistant thrust bearing 212, and one or more temperature-resistant positioning bearings 221 are provided at the middle and the upper portion of the rotating shaft.
  • the uppermost positioning bearing should be as close as possible to the bottom of the granulator fixing device 232.
  • the rotating shaft of the high-speed rotating shaft can be improved due to the inaccurate mechanical structure, thereby affecting the granulation effect, and on the other hand, the life of the device can be prolonged.
  • the shaft cooling air duct includes a motor seal cover 210, an air duct inner sleeve 217, and a shaft sleeve 222.
  • the sealing cover 210 surrounds the outer circumference of the motor 209, and the inner sleeve 217 and the shaft sleeve 222 are sleeved on the outer circumference of the rotating shaft 223; the inner rings of the temperature-resistant thrust bearing 212 and the temperature-resistant positioning bearing 221 are fixed on the rotating shaft 223, and the outer ring Fixed to the inner wall of the inner sleeve 217 of the air duct; the shaft sleeve 222 is fixed between the outer ring of the temperature resistant thrust bearing 212 and the outer ring of the lowermost temperature resistant positioning bearing 221, and surrounds most of the temperature resistant blades 224 therein; Both the warm thrust bearing 212 and the temperature resistant positioning bearing 221 are provided with air supply flow paths.
  • a granulator fixing device 232 is fixed to the top of the rotating shaft 223.
  • the sealing cover 210 is fixedly connected to the inner tube sleeve 217, communicates through the vent 226, and the shaft cooling air enters from the sealing cover tuyere 227. After cooling the rotating shaft 223 through the inside of the shaft sleeve 222, most of it enters the granulator fixing device 232.
  • the air flow passage 233 enters the granulation chamber from the plurality of tuyées 236 and the tuyere 235 which are annularly distributed from the top and the side walls of the granulator fixing device 232, and a small portion is narrowed from the gap between the granulator fixing device 232 and the inner tube sleeve 217. Enter the granulation bin.
  • An outer sleeve 216 is disposed on the outer circumference of the inner sleeve 217 of the air duct, and an annular cooling air passage is formed between the outer sleeve 216 of the inner tube sleeve 217, and a plurality of hoods 220 are arranged annularly at the top of the annular cooling air duct.
  • the air outlet of 220 is lower than the air outlet of tuyere 236 and tuyere 235.
  • An annular cooling air duct air inlet 225 is opened at the bottom of the outer tube sleeve 216.
  • the granulator fixing device 232 is composed of two parts, left and right, and is fixed by a pin and a hoop.
  • the pin is removed, the granulator 219 and the granulator fixing device 232 can be removed, the pin and the hoop can be removed, and the left and right parts of the granulator fixing device 232 can be disassembled and removed.
  • the granulator 219 can be removed after the annular clamp.
  • the granulator 219 is cracked, the cracked granulator 219 is not smashed due to the presence of the granulator base and the fixture, and the liquid slag does not drip directly onto the transmission and the motor 209. Ensure system safety before downtime.
  • the granulator fixing device 232 is internally provided with a streamlined flow passage 233; at the same time, the gap between the bottom side of the granulator base and the inner sleeve 217 of the air duct is small, so that most of the wind sent from the lower portion of the granulator base can enter.
  • the granulator fixture 232 is cooled while facilitating the blowing of wind from the granulator base to the edge of the granulator 219 to enhance granulation.
  • the rotating shaft 223 and the granulator fixing device 232 are connected by a hollow flange, and the hollow flange has a section of air heat insulating layer between the granulator base and the rotating shaft 223 to block the granulator 219 and the rotating shaft 223.
  • the heat transfer between the granulator base is not transmitted to the rotating shaft 223, so that the granulator 219 can be safely and stably operated, and the granulation effect can be better realized.
  • the cooling air is generated by the fan, entering from the sealing hood tuyere 227, most of the annular air duct passing through the granulator fixing device enters the granulation chamber, and a small part is from the fixing device and the air duct inner sleeve.
  • the narrow gap between the cylinders 217 enters the granulation chamber; in the second embodiment, the first and second or multi-stage small temperature-resistant blades 224 are arranged on the rotating shaft 223, and the cooling wind is generated by the high-speed rotation of the rotating shaft, and most of them are fixed by the granulator.
  • the annular duct of unit 232 enters the granulation chamber and a small portion enters the granulation chamber from a narrow gap between the fixture and the inner sleeve 217 of the duct.
  • the rotating shaft 223 is provided with one-stage, two-stage or multi-stage small temperature-resistant blades 224. When the rotating shaft 223 rotates at a high speed, on the one hand, the flow power of the shaft cooling air passage is generated, and the acceleration shaft cooling air shaft and the granulator fixing device are generated.
  • the temperature-resistant blade 224 can also be used as a rib structure to enhance the overall heat dissipation of the rotating shaft 223; in the third mode, the wind blower and the small temperature-resistant blade are combined with the high-speed rotating wind as the shaft cooling wind, and the shaft cooling wind Cooling of components such as the track and the shaft.
  • a slag moving bed heat exchange and waste heat recovery module 3 comprising a moving bed; the moving bed comprises a cooling wall surface 304 and a receiving bin 311;
  • the cooling wall surface 304 is disposed at a lower portion of the granulation chamber for accommodating the granulated high-temperature slag slag particles; the cooling wall surface 304 is formed to form two symmetrical and upper and lower accommodating cavities; the two accommodating cavities Separated by an intermediate furnace wall; a granulator installation space is provided in the intermediate furnace wall.
  • the bottom of the conical receiving cavity is provided with a receiving bin 311, and the bottom of the receiving bin 311 is provided with a rotary sealing valve 314.
  • a shock absorbing block 313 is disposed on the outer wall of the receiving bin 311.
  • the upper part of the conical receiving cavity is arranged with a dilute phase zone buried pipe 303, the lower part of the dilute phase zone buried pipe 303 is provided with a scraper; the lower part of the scraper plate is arranged with an air blowing device; between the air distributing device and the flat pushing scraper 302
  • the dense phase zone buried pipe 308 is arranged in the space.
  • the moving bed as a whole can be designed to be rectangular or circular.
  • the moving bed has a variable cross-section design with a wide width and a narrow width, ensuring that the flow rate of the cooling air in each material layer is relatively uniform and less than the fluidized wind speed to achieve an efficient and stable gas-solid heat exchange effect.
  • the left and right furnace walls (cooling wall 304) and the intermediate furnace wall of the moving bed are vertical furnace walls, and the front and rear furnace walls (cooling wall 304) are inclined furnace walls or vertical furnace walls, and the angle between the inclined furnace wall and the horizontal plane is 60°-90. °.
  • the stave 304 may be arranged as a coil stave, a membrane stave or a non-membrane stave depending on the actual situation.
  • the granulated and preliminary cooled blast furnace slag particles fall from the upper granulation tank into the moving bed, accumulate to form a layer, and slowly move downward under the action of the vibrating discharge machine, while the cooling wind passes through the air distribution device.
  • the lower part is injected, and the slag particles and the wind are subjected to countercurrent heat exchange to ensure the heat exchange strength and the slag grain heat.
  • a rapping device 309 is disposed on the outside of the cooling wall surface 304 of the moving bed, and can be continuously hit or intermittently hit when the device is running to ensure that the slag particles do not stick to the wall and do not agglomerate.
  • 1 to 2 layers of the dilute phase zone buried pipe 303 are arranged between the intermediate furnace wall and the cooling wall, and are collected on the front and rear furnace walls.
  • 2 to 3 layers of dense phase zone buried pipes 308 are arranged between the intermediate furnace wall and the cooling wall, and are collected on the front and rear furnace walls.
  • the above-mentioned dilute phase zone buried pipe 303 and dense phase zone buried pipe 308 can also be pulled out from the cooling wall of the front and rear furnace walls and collected on the intermediate furnace wall.
  • the slag particles are in a semi-molten state after granulation, and need to be rapidly cooled, and more buried heat receiving surfaces can be arranged in the dilute phase region to ensure the heat exchange intensity of the slag particles.
  • the physical parameters such as thermal conductivity and viscosity of slag of different compositions vary greatly. According to the limitation of moving bed space and the matching of slag and cooling medium, the number of buried pipes in the moving bed and the clamp of the buried pipe and the horizontal direction can be appropriately adjusted. angle. Gas, water or organic medium can be used as a heat exchange medium in the buried pipe in the moving bed to achieve better slag cooling effect.
  • the buried pipe in the moving bed may be a round pipe or a teardrop-shaped pipe, or an anti-wear sleeve or a wear-resistant tile may be added to the pipeline to achieve the effect of preventing particle abrasion.
  • the moving bed is provided with an inlet annular header 310 and an outlet annular header 301.
  • the heat exchange medium entering the moving bed is first collected into the inlet annular header 310, and then distributed to the cooling wall 304, the dense phase zone buried pipe 308 and the dilute phase zone buried pipe 303, and finally collected into the outlet annular header tank 301 for outflow movement. bed.
  • the air distribution device is located at the bottom of the moving bed, and includes a plurality of air ducts 320 disposed on an upper portion of the receiving bin 311.
  • the air ducts 320 are disposed with a plurality of air ducts 312.
  • the squeegee is a flat squeegee 302 or a rotating squeegee 325, or both.
  • a flat blade 302 for a uniform layer is disposed on the upper portion of the moving bed.
  • the flat pusher blade 302 includes a plurality of flat pusher blade ducts 317, and the flat pusher blade air ducts 317 are provided with a plurality of flat pusher blade windshields 306; a plurality of flat pusher blade air ducts 317 are arranged at intervals; Both ends of the tube 317 are connected to the side air duct 315, and the side air duct 315 is extended beyond the moving bed furnace wall, and the reciprocating motor 316 is connected by a rack and pinion mechanism. The rotation of the reciprocating motor 316 can drive the flat pusher blade 317 to reciprocate horizontally.
  • the flat pusher duct 317 maintains a uniform height of the material layer in the moving bed by reciprocating motion, while the flat pusher hood 306 on the flat scraper duct 317 can both cool the scraper and help move the bed.
  • the high temperature slag particles are cooled.
  • the air distribution device is composed of a soft connection 318, a vibration motor 319, an air duct 320, a spring 321 and a wire rope 322.
  • the air duct 320 is softly connected to the furnace wall through two ends; one end of the wire rope is fixedly connected to the intermediate furnace wall by a spring 321 , and the other end is connected to the vibration motor; at the same time, the vibration motor 319 is connected to the air distribution duct 320 through the steel wire rope 322, and the vibration motor 319 can pass through.
  • the steel wire rope drives the air duct 320 to vibrate, and achieves the effect of evacuating the material layer, ensuring that the slag particles do not stick to the wall, and do not agglomerate, and at the same time ensure rapid cooling of the high temperature slag particles.
  • a rotating blade 325 for a uniform layer is disposed on the upper portion of the moving bed.
  • a rotating shaft 323 is disposed on the intermediate furnace wall and the front and rear furnace walls of the moving bed, and the rotating shaft 323 is rotatable within a range of 180°.
  • the intermediate furnace wall and the front and rear furnace wall rotating blades 325 are mounted on the rotating shaft 323 at different heights.
  • the plurality of rotating blades 325 can be simultaneously moved in the range of 180° to level the level.
  • the rotating scraper hood 324 on the hanging plate cools the slag particles sprayed by the cooling wind to ensure that the slag particles do not stick to the wall and do not agglomerate, and at the same time ensure a faster cooling rate.
  • the granulated semi-molten-widely screened blast furnace slag particles enter the two-part space of the moving bed symmetry, pass through the dilute phase zone buried pipe 303, and transfer a part of the heat to the heat exchange medium in the dilute phase zone buried pipe 303. At the same time, and itself is quickly cooled.
  • the outer slag shell of the heat-exchanged slag particles passing through the buried pipe becomes thicker or even completely solidified.
  • the cooling air at the bottom of the moving bed and the cooling air sprayed from the squeegee are further cooled. During the falling of the slag, an uneven layer of material is accumulated in the moving bed, resulting in uneven cooling of the slag.
  • the reciprocating motion of the scraper can flatten the material layer to ensure the uniformity of the molten slag layer, and the air flow flowing through the various positions of the material layer is relatively uniform.
  • the scraper hood on the scraper can ensure the cooling of the scraper and provide cooling air for the upper high-temperature bulk material to help it cool.
  • the slag particles move to the vicinity of the dense phase zone buried pipe 308, and after heat exchange with the buried pipe and the cooling wind, the temperature of the slag particles drops to a lower value and is completely solidified. Due to the heat exchange of the dense phase zone buried pipe 308, the glass body conversion rate of the slag particles reaches a high value.
  • the side of the moving bed is provided with a rapping device 309.
  • the side wall of the receiving bin 311 is provided with a vibrating block 313, and the bottom is provided with a rotary sealing valve 314.
  • the vibrating block 313 and the side wall rapping device 309 hit the receiving bin 311 and the steel plate on the side wall of the moving bed at a certain frequency, and the opening degree of the rotary sealing valve 314 matches the frequency and amplitude of the striking, and can be at a certain speed.
  • the slag particles are discharged outside the moving bed.
  • the cooling air from the granulated silo fan through the air duct is divided into two ways, and one cooling air is sprayed into the moving bed through the air distribution hood 312 on the air duct 320 at the bottom of the granulation tank, and is exchanged with the high temperature slag particles.
  • the heat is finally collected and discharged from the moving bed.
  • the other way is directly connected to the air duct of the scraper, and is sprayed into the dilute phase zone of the moving bed through the scraper hood on the scraper. Both winds serve as a cooling medium to cool the slag particles.
  • the heat exchange medium enters the inlet annular header 310 of the moving bed and is then distributed to the moving bed sidewalls and the stave 304 on the front and rear walls.
  • a part of the cold-walled pipe is leached into a dense phase zone buried pipe 308 and a dilute phase zone buried pipe 303, which are collected on the cooling wall of the front and rear walls.
  • the buried pipe in the moving bed is directly pulled out by the inlet annular header 310 and then collected on the front and rear wall cooling walls.
  • the film cooling wall heating surface from the wall rear wall cooling wall, the left and right wall cooling walls and the intermediate furnace wall cooling wall is finally collected on the outlet ring header of the moving bed.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic flow chart of a system for dry granulation and waste heat recovery of liquid slag according to the present invention.
  • the system includes a steam flow, an air flow, a high temperature flue gas and a slag flow.
  • Figure 13 shows a schematic diagram of the system slag, air, gas and high temperature flue gas flow:
  • High-temperature liquid slag process high-temperature liquid slag enters the slag-package shell through the slag ditch, and then enters the slag centrifugal granulation and waste heat recovery module through the slag buffer device and the slag pipe to granulate; the granulated slag enters the slag
  • the moving bed heat exchange and waste heat recovery module 3 is discharged into the slag discharge device after cooling heat exchange;
  • Gas flow There is a burner on the slag bag shell, and the burner is connected to the blast furnace gas/gas and air to replenish the liquid slag in the slag pack shell.
  • Air flow the burner is connected to the air to help the gas combustion to replenish the liquid slag in the slag package; the slag centrifugal granulation and the waste heat recovery module 2 and the slag moving bed heat exchange and the waste heat recovery module 3 are both The air enters the cooling and heat exchange of the granulated slag, and the hot air after the heat exchange is discharged into the high temperature air waste heat using the module 4 for further heat exchange and discharge.
  • High-temperature flue gas flow the high-temperature flue gas formed by the combustion of the burner during the waste heat passes through the slag pack shell, the slag buffer device, the slag centrifugal granulation and the waste heat recovery module 2, and the slag moving bed heat exchange and waste heat recovery module 3, and then The high temperature air waste heat is discharged into the high temperature air using module 4 for further heat exchange.
  • the system water vapor process generally adopts natural circulation, forced circulation, direct current or compound circulation (forced circulation plus natural circulation).
  • natural circulation or forced circulation the granulation tank and moving bed heating surface are adopted.
  • the whole adopts a vertically rising water wall tube, an inlet annular collecting box 310 is arranged at the lower part of the moving bed, an outlet annular collecting box 301 is arranged at the moving bed outlet, an inlet header box 208 is arranged at the bottom of the granulating chamber 5, and an outlet ring collecting box 203 is arranged at the top;
  • the method of direct current or compound circulation (forced circulation plus natural circulation) is adopted, the granulated storage tank and the heated surface of the moving bed are entirely made of coiled water wall;
  • the feed water may all enter the economizer or partially enter the economizer portion and enter the moving bed lower header, the water vapor flow:
  • the vertical and horizontal hot air flues are provided with a covered heating surface
  • the horizontal hot air flue is provided with a suspended serpentine tube
  • a horizontal superheater a reheater 405, and an economizer 406 are sequentially disposed in the hot air flue.
  • the system water vapor flow uses a natural circulation:

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Abstract

一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统，包括熔渣缓存及流量控制模块（1）、熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块（2）、熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块（3）和高温空气余热利用模块（4）；系统中包含水汽流程、空气流程、烟气流程、渣流程及其相应的设备。通过设计上述模块及各种介质流程，可确保液态熔渣高效粒化及热量高效回收利用。

Description

一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统 技术领域
本发明属于高温液态熔渣余热回收技术领域，特别涉及一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统。
技术背景
2014年中国冶金行业消耗约8.68亿吨标煤，占总行业能耗20.40％。冶金行业熔渣余热资源潜力巨大，我国2016年液态熔渣产生量约为3.43亿吨，每吨熔渣含有的显热相当于60千克标准煤，折合约2058万吨标准煤。钢渣和高炉渣产量较高，分别为10504万吨、23834万吨，折合余热量708.5万吨标准煤、1419万吨标准煤。对于高品质余热资源的高炉渣、钢渣显热，目前还没有非常完善的回收技术，大量显热能量白白耗散，节能减排潜力十分巨大。
水淬法为常规的高炉渣处理方法，按照工艺流程可具体分为因巴法、图拉法、底滤法、拉萨法、明特克法。该法处理过程浪费大量水资源，产生SO 2和H 2S等有害气体，也不能有效回收高温液态熔渣所含有的高品质余热资源。水淬法不仅浪费了高温液态熔渣所含有的高品质余热资源，同时消耗大量水资源，对环境造成严重污染，这些处理方式已不能适应目前钢铁行业节能减排的迫切需求。必须寻求一种高效、无污染的新技术对液态熔渣资源进行有效回收。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统，以确保液态熔渣可以高效粒化及热量高效回收利用。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统，包括熔渣缓存及流量控制模块、熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块、熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块和高温空气余热利用模块；熔渣缓存及流量控制模块设置于熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块上部，用于液态熔渣缓存和控制液态熔渣下落至熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块的流量和速度；熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块用于对下落的液态熔渣进行粒化；熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块设置于熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块下部，用于对粒化熔渣进行冷却和暂时存储；熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块和熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块中的热气连通高温空气余热利用模块；高温空气余热利用模块包括依次设置的一次除尘器、余热锅炉、省煤器、二次除尘器、排气风机和烟囱。
进一步的，熔渣缓存及流量控制模块包括渣包外壳、定径水口、塞棒、燃烧器、密封罩和落渣管；渣包外壳的顶部布置有进渣口，底部布置有出渣口；渣包外壳上部或者侧部设有燃烧器；渣包外壳的顶部由耐火砖砌筑为拱券结构；渣包外壳的包底材料与侧壁材料的厚度比为1.4-2.2；出渣口处设置有定径水口和与定径水口配合的塞棒；出渣口外布置有密封罩，密封罩底部设置有落渣管；落渣管下部布置有熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块；
熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块包括落渣管、粒化仓和粒化设备；粒化仓顶部中心设有开口，供落渣管伸入，落渣管外部有耐火材料层，与粒化设备对中布置；伸入粒化仓的落渣管外部设有落渣管固定装置；粒化仓内部敷设水冷壁受热面，水冷壁受热面采用膜式水冷壁，竖直布置；粒化仓壁面上还设有气膜冷却装置；粒化设备包括：粒化器、粒化器固定装置、 粒化器驱动装置和轴冷却风道；粒化器固定在粒化器固定装置上；粒化器固定装置内部设有气流通道，粒化器固定装置接触粒化器的底部设置扩展受热面；粒化器固定装置顶部开有多个第一风口，顶部第一风口的出风角度与粒化器边缘倾角相交，用于对粒化过程中形成的液膜或液丝进行外力破碎；粒化器固定装置侧面设有多个第二风口，第二风口与粒化器边缘倾斜角度平行或交叉，用于对粒化过程中液丝断裂形成的液滴进行冷却；第一风口和第二风口与气流通道连通；粒化器驱动装置用于驱动粒化器旋转。粒化器驱动装置包括电机和转轴；电机的输出轴与转轴的下端固定连接；转轴的上端与粒化器固定装置的底部固定连接；转轴上设有若干耐温叶片；轴冷却风道包括电机密封罩、风管内套筒和轴套筒；密封罩围绕在电机外周，风管内套筒和轴套筒套设于转轴的外周；耐温推力轴承和耐温定位轴承的内圈均固定在转轴上，外圈固定在风管内套筒内壁；轴套筒固定在耐温推力轴承的外圈和最下部的耐温定位轴承的外圈之间，将部分耐温叶片包围于其中；耐温推力轴承和耐温定位轴承上均设有供气流流道；密封罩与风管内套筒固定连接，通过通风口连通；风管内套筒外周布置有风管外套筒，风管内套筒外周布置有风管外套筒之间形成环形冷却风道，环形冷却风道顶部环形布置有若干风帽；风管外套筒底部开有环形冷却风道进风口；
熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块包括移动床；移动床包括炉壁和收料仓；炉壁围绕形成两个对称且上大下小的容置腔；两个容置腔由中间炉墙隔开；容置腔的底部设有收料仓；锥形容置腔的上部布置有稀相区埋管，稀相区埋管的下部设有刮板；刮板的下部布置有布风装置；布风装置与刮板之间的空间布置有密相区埋管；收料仓底部设有旋转密封阀；收料仓外壁设有击振块；炉壁为冷却壁；冷却壁为盘管冷却壁、膜式冷却壁或者非膜式冷却壁；在移动床上部稀相区，中间炉墙和炉壁之间布置若干层稀相区埋管；移动床下部密相区，中间炉墙和炉壁之间布置若干层密相区埋管；移动床上设有入口环形集箱和出口环形集箱；进入移动床的换热介质首先汇集到入口环形集箱里，然后分配给冷却壁、密相区埋管和稀相区埋管，最后再汇集到出口环形集箱里流出移动床。
进一步的，布风装置位于移动床底部，包括若干布置于收料仓上部的布风风管；布风风管上布置有若干布风风帽；布风装置还包括振动电机、弹簧和钢丝绳；布风风管通过两端软连接炉壁；钢丝绳一端通过弹簧固定连接中间炉壁，另一端连接振动电机；同时振动电机通过钢丝绳连接布风风管，振动电机转动能够通过钢丝绳带动布风风管振动，达到对料层进行疏散的效果。
进一步的，刮板为平推刮板；平推刮板包括若干平推刮板风管，平推刮板风管上设有若干平推刮板风帽；若干平推刮板风管间隔排布；平推刮板风管的两端连通侧面风管，侧面风管伸出到移动床炉墙之外和往复电机通过齿轮齿条机构相连；往复电机转动能够带动平推刮板往复水平运动；平推刮板通过往复运动使移动床内的料层保持高度均匀，同时平推刮板上的平推刮板风帽既能够冷却刮板，又能够对移动床上部的高温渣粒进行冷却。
进一步的，系统水汽流程总体上采取自然循环、强制循环、直流或者复合循环(强制循环加自然循环)方式，在采用自然循环或强制循环方式时，粒化仓及移动床受热面整体采用垂直上升的水冷壁管，移动床下部设置入口环形集箱310，移动床上部出口设置出口环形集箱301，粒化仓5底部设置入口集箱208，顶部设置出口环形汇集集箱203；采用直流或者复合循环(强制循环加自然循环)的方式时粒化仓及移动床受热面整体采用盘管式水冷壁；系统 中水汽包括如下流程之一：
①自然循环：给水→省煤器→汽包→下降管→移动床入口环形集箱310→移动床受热面→移动床出口集箱301→粒化仓入口集箱208→粒化仓受热面→粒化仓出口环形汇集集箱203→落渣管固定装置204(介质为水时)→汽包→过热器
②强制：给水→省煤器→汽包→下降管→循环泵→移动床入口环形集箱310→移动床受热面→移动床出口集箱301→粒化仓入口集箱208→粒化仓受热面→粒化仓出口环形汇集集箱203→落渣管固定装置204(介质为水时)→汽包→过热器
③直流：给水→省煤器→移动床受热面→粒化仓受热面→落渣管固定装置204(介质为水时)→过热器；
④复合循环：给水→省煤器→循环泵→移动床受热面→粒化仓受热面→落渣管固定装置204(介质为水时)→过热器。
进一步的，系统水汽流程采取自然循环、强制循环、直流或者复合循环方式，系统中水汽包括如下流程之一：
1)给水→省煤器→汽包→下降管→入口环形集箱→移动床→粒化仓；
2)给水→省煤器→移动床→汽包→下降管→入口环形集箱→粒化仓；
3)给水→省煤器→移动床→粒化仓。
进一步的，粒化仓和移动床内形成-5～10Pa的微负压。
进一步的，系统气体流程由以下部分组成，空气分为多股分别进入如下装置：
一股空气经移动床布风装置进入移动床中与高温熔渣颗粒换热成高温空气；
一股空气经轴冷却风道和耐温叶片产生自生风一起由粒化器第一风口和第二风口进入粒化仓；
一股空气由粒化仓顶部或侧面气膜冷却装置进入粒化仓；
移动床高温空气与粒化仓两股空气汇合可由粒化仓顶部排出或者在粒化仓与移动床结合处排出进入高温空气余热利用模块；
粒化仓两股空气汇合后与移动床高温空气混合从移动床侧面排出进入高温空气余热利用模块；
空气与可燃气体通过燃烧器燃烧产生高温烟气进入渣包外壳，高温烟气由渣包外壳进入流量控制装置经落渣管进入粒化仓，与粒化仓两股空气及移动床高温空气汇合后通过粒化仓顶部或移动床侧面或者粒化仓与移动床结合处进入高温空气余热利用模块；高温空气余热利用模块入口布置气固分离装置。
相对于现有技术，本发明具有以下有益效果：本发明公开了一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统，包括熔渣缓存及流量控制模块、熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块、熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块和高温空气余热利用模块，包含水汽流程、空气流程、烟气流程、渣流程及其相应的设备。通过设计上述模块及各种介质流程，可确保液态熔渣高效粒化及热量高效回收利用，为液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用技术的工业应用提供一定参考。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步详细说明。
图1为的结构示意图；
图2为熔渣缓存及流量控制模块正视图；
图3为熔渣缓存及流量控制模块侧视图；
图4为熔渣缓存及流量控制模块中燃烧器布置示意图；其中图4(a)为燃烧器布置于渣包外壳顶部；图4(b)为燃烧器布置于渣包外壳侧壁；
图5为熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块示意图；
图6为粒化设备示意图；
图7为粒化器及其固定装置示意图；
图8为熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块示意图；
图9为移动床中刮板的俯视图；
图10为本发明移动床布风装置俯视图；
图11为本发明的旋转刮板的示意图。
图12为系统总体流程示意图；
图13为系统渣、空气、燃气及高温烟气流程示意图I；
图14为系统水流程示意图I；
图15为系统渣、空气、燃气及高温烟气流程示意图II；
图16为系统水流程示意图II；
图17为系统水流程示意图III；
图18为系统渣及气体流程示意图。
具体实施方式
参照图1至图11所示，本发明一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统，包括：熔渣缓存及流量控制模块1、熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块2、熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块3和高温空气余热利用模块4。
熔渣缓存及流量控制模块1设置于熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块2上部，用于液态熔渣缓存和控制液态熔渣下落至熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块2的流量和速度；熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块2用于对下落的液态熔渣进行粒化；熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块3设置于熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块2下部，用于对粒化熔渣进行冷却和暂时存储；熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块2和熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块3中的热气连通高温空气余热利用模块4。
高温空气余热利用模块4包括依次设置的一次除尘器401、余热锅炉402、二次除尘器403、排气风机404和烟囱405。
熔渣缓存及流量控制模块1，包括渣包外壳101、定径水口105、塞棒、燃烧器111、密封罩102和落渣管103。
渣包外壳101的顶部布置有进渣口112，底部布置有出渣口；出渣口可设置一个、两个或者两个以上；出渣口可布置在渣包的一侧，或两侧对称布置，或沿渣包呈辐射状布置；渣包外壳101底部四周布置有事故排渣口114，用以系统发生事故时紧急排渣；渣包外壳101的包底材料与侧壁材料的厚度比例保证在1.4-2.2范围内；出渣口处设置有定径水口105和塞棒；出渣口外布置有密封罩102，密封罩下设置有落渣管103。落渣管103下部布置有粒化室。
渣包外壳101的顶部设置有燃烧器111；烘包及预热过程中，燃烧器111产生的烟气流经渣包外壳101内腔后依次通过密封罩102、落渣管103、余热回收模块117，最后由烟囱118排入大气，通过烘烤上述渣包外壳101、落渣管103、余热回收模块117的相关部件，达到烘干水分的目的，并对烟气的热量进行有效回收，保证后续装置正常运行时粒化质量。装置正常运行时的补热过程中，燃烧器111产生的烟气流经热交换器回收热量后，由布置在渣包外壳101上的排烟管道排出。
渣包外壳101的顶部由耐火砖砌筑设计为拱券结构，其矢跨比设计在0-0.45范围内；可由一层、两层或多层的耐火砖砌筑成拱券结构；每层耐火砖可选择不同的材料进行砌筑；根据渣包顶部各个位置的受力特点及保温性能要求，可选择不同的耐火保温砖砌筑为不同厚度的耐火保温层。从而避免渣包外壳101顶部因各个位置受力不同而导致结构破环，并且利用拱券结构竖向荷重时具有良好的承重特性，保证渣包在进渣或高温烘烤条件下的结构稳定性和运行安全性。
渣包外壳101顶部布置的燃烧器111，有两种布置方式：1)燃烧器111采用L型布置结构：在渣包顶部设置一竖直烟气管道，竖直管道在渣包外经一90°的弯头变为水平管道结构；燃烧器布置在此水平烟气管道中。2)燃烧器横向布置在渣包的侧面：通过在渣包侧壁上开设水平烟气管道，将燃烧器布置到此水平管道中。这两种布置方式解决了燃烧器竖直布置在渣包上，燃烧器及其相关部件易掉落到渣包中的问题。
渣包外壳101的包底选用保温性能较好的保温耐火材料。[Tz4]以防静置过程结束后底部熔渣由于温降过快堵塞水口。
渣包外壳101侧壁与包底交界处采用圆角结构，圆角的角度设置在10-90°范围内，以减小液态熔渣在交界处的凝固层厚度，从而提高系统运行的稳定性。
渣包外壳101上设置红外测温仪113，密封罩102上设置红外测温仪104，渣包外壳101侧壁埋设温度测点109；在烘包过程中，根据渣包外壳101侧壁里面的温度测点109对燃烧器111的加热功率进行控制，保证渣包外壳101经过烘烤可以达到并保持在一定的温度水平；熔渣进入渣包外壳101之后，根据渣包顶部红外测温仪113所测得的熔渣温度对渣包顶部的燃烧器111加热功率进行控制，保证渣包内熔渣温度维持在一定的范围；渣包外壳101内熔渣流出定径水口105，进入到落渣管103之后，根据密封罩顶部红外测温仪104所测得的熔渣温度对渣包外壳101顶部的燃烧器11加热功率进行控制，保证落渣管内熔渣温度维持在一定的范围；从而提高系统运行的稳定性。
渣包外壳101上布置有焦粉喷洒口和通空气的空气管道，可分别布置一组或多组的焦粉喷洒口和空气管道。
本发明设计了三种补热方式维持液态熔渣温度；1)通过将渣包外壳101内的温度和燃烧器111的补热功率进行连锁以维持渣包外壳101内熔渣温度始终在一定的温度范围；2)通过手动调节燃烧器111的补热功率对渣包外壳101内熔渣的温度进行调节；3)通过向渣包外壳101内喷洒焦粉和通入空气来维持渣包外壳101内液态熔渣温度始终维持在一定的温度范围。
出渣口处设置有定径水口105和塞棒，塞棒由塞棒头106、塞棒杆107和塞棒控制装置108组成；塞棒杆两端分别连接塞棒头106和塞棒控制装置108；渣包外壳101顶部设置有液位监测装置110对渣包外壳101内的液态熔渣液位进行测量，并将测量结果反馈至塞棒控制 装置；当渣包外壳101内熔渣液位低于设定值时，液位信号使塞棒控制装置向渣包外给出，增大塞棒头与定径水口之间的通流面积，从而增大熔渣流量；当渣包内熔渣液位超过设定值时塞棒控制装置向渣包内给进，减小塞棒头与定径水口之间的通流面积，从而减小熔渣流量；使得液态熔渣始终处于一定的流量范围，从而提高系统运行的稳定性。
渣包外壳101布置有密封风管道，用以通入密封用的空气等气体；可通过燃烧器111内的空气管道或者渣包外壳101上开设的空气管道116向渣包外壳101内通入气体；通过控制管道出口的阀的开度，可实现对渣包外壳101内压力的控制，从而提高渣包外壳101的密封性能。
渣包外壳101上设置有测量渣包外壳101内压力的压力表119，并通过计算得到熔渣在出渣口处的压强；将渣包外壳101内的熔渣液位和压力进行连锁，保证渣包外壳101内出渣口处的压力随着熔渣的液位降低不发生变化，进而保证熔渣的流量稳定。
塞棒头106、定径水口105、渣包外壳101壁面等选用耐熔渣腐蚀、磨蚀的材料，如陶瓷，以提高相应部件寿命。
熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块2，包括落渣管201、粒化仓205和粒化设备；
粒化仓205为正方形或圆形，其上部为平顶或穹顶；粒化仓205顶部中心设有开口，供落渣管201伸入，落渣管201外部有耐火材料层202，与粒化设备对中布置；粒化仓205内部敷设水冷壁受热面206，该受热面采用膜式水冷壁，竖直布置；粒化仓5底部设置进水集箱208，粒化仓顶部设置出口环形汇集集箱203；水冷壁受热面206连通进水集箱208和出口环形汇集集箱203；粒化仓5壁面上设有气膜冷却装置207，对飞到粒化仓壁面的粒化渣粒进行冷却。
伸入粒化仓205的落渣管201外部设有落渣管固定装置204，其固定装置结构众多，如在其外部设锥形筒、在其外部及底部围绕螺旋直径不断减小的管内通冷却水或冷却气体介质的螺旋冷管等，可对伸入粒化仓205的落渣管201进行固定，防止由于承受高温熔渣的直接腐蚀和冲刷磨蚀而断裂的落渣管落入粒化仓内，一方面直接砸落到粒化设备上，给粒化设备造成损伤；另一方面使得高温熔渣失去引导，对粒化器及其驱动设备进行大面积冲刷，致使粒化器及其驱动装置损坏，造成严重的事故，并带来巨大的经济损失。落渣管固定装置204外部涂可耐1400℃以上温度的耐火材料，防止其超温损坏；落渣管固定装置204内可通冷却水或空气、氮气等冷却气体介质，防止其超温损坏，其中，水的来源之一为出口环形汇集集箱203。
一排或多排气膜冷却装置207，如喷嘴、条状喷口等，在粒化仓四壁上贴壁或者近壁布置，喷射的冷却介质如空气、氮气等，形成环形边缘风膜；气膜冷却装置207的出风口上带有风网，风网由耐火材料构成，用于防止飞行的高温粒化渣粒飞入喷嘴风口内，致使喷嘴损坏，影响冷却效果；布置粒化仓四壁上的气膜冷却装置7处于粒化器219所在高度附近。调节气膜冷却装置与壁面的距离及出口风速、出风角度，可使得其在不扰乱粒化渣粒的飞行轨迹的前提下对飞行至粒化仓壁面的高温粒化渣粒进行冷却，防止粘壁。
粒化设备包括：粒化器219、粒化器固定装置232、粒化器驱动装置；粒化器219为盘状或杯状，边缘倾角为30°～60°，中心设有导流锥；粒化器219固定在粒化器固定装置232上；粒化器固定装置232内部设有气流通道233；粒化器固定装置232接触粒化器219的底部内设 置扩展受热面234，如环形肋片等，能更好地对粒化器固定装置冷却；粒化器固定装置232顶部开有多个风口236，顶部风口的出风角度与粒化器边缘倾角相交，可对粒化过程中形成的液膜或液丝进行外力破碎，加强粒化效果；粒化器固定装置232侧面设有多个风口235，该风口与粒化器边缘倾斜角度平行或交叉，可对粒化过程中液丝断裂形成的液滴进行冷却，提高其玻璃体转化率。风口236和风口235与气流通道233连通。
粒化器驱动装置包括电机209、密封罩210、转轴223、轴套筒222、风管内套筒217、风管外套筒216和风帽220等。电机209与转轴223之间通过联轴器211联接；转轴上设置有若干耐温叶片224；转轴223底部设有耐温推力轴承212，转轴中部及上部设有一个或者多个耐温定位轴承221，其中最上部定位轴承应尽量靠近粒化器固定装置232底部，一方面可改善高速旋转的转轴因机械结构不够精密而产生摆动进而影响粒化效果的情况，另一方面可延长设备的寿命。
轴冷却风道包括电机密封罩210、风管内套筒217和轴套筒222。密封罩210围绕在电机209外周，风管内套筒217和轴套筒222套设于转轴223的外周；耐温推力轴承212和耐温定位轴承221的内圈均固定在转轴223上，外圈固定在风管内套筒217内壁；轴套筒222固定在耐温推力轴承212的外圈和最下部的耐温定位轴承221的外圈之间，将大部分耐温叶片224包围于其中；耐温推力轴承212和耐温定位轴承221上均设有供气流流道。转轴223顶部固定有粒化器固定装置232。
密封罩210与风管内套筒217固定连接，通过通风口226连通，轴冷却风从密封罩风口227进入，经过轴套筒222内部对转轴223冷却后，大部分进入粒化器固定装置232的气流通道233，从粒化器固定装置232顶部和侧壁环形均布的多个风口236和风口235进入粒化仓，小部分从粒化器固定装置232与风管内套筒217之间狭小缝隙进入粒化仓。风管内套筒217外周布置有风管外套筒216，风管内套筒217外周布置有风管外套筒216之间形成环形冷却风道，环形冷却风道顶部环形布置有若干风帽220，风帽220的出风口低于风口236和风口235的出风口。在风管外套筒216底部开有环形冷却风道进风口225。
在本发明中，粒化器固定装置232由左右两部分组成，通过销钉、抱箍固定。粒化器219损坏时，拆下销钉，可以取下粒化器219和粒化器固定装置232，拆下销钉、抱箍，可以将粒化器固定装置232的左右两部分拆开，取下环形卡箍后就可取下粒化器219。当粒化器219出现开裂时，由于粒化器底座及固定装置的存在，开裂的粒化器219不会被甩飞，同时液态熔渣不会直接滴落到传动装置和电机209上，在停机检修之前保证系统安全。同时，只需更换粒化器219就可以，减少了一般粒化器219因受损而更换整个粒化装置的费用。粒化器固定装置232内部开有流线型流动通道233；同时粒化器底座底部侧面与风道内套筒217之间的缝隙很小，便于由粒化器底座下部送来的风大部分都能进入到流线型流动通道233，对粒化器固定装置232进行冷却，同时便于由粒化器底座送来的风吹到粒化器219的边缘，以加强粒化。
本发明中，采用空心法兰对转轴223和粒化器固定装置232进行连接，空心法兰使粒化器底座和转轴223之间有一段空气绝热层以阻断粒化器219和转轴223之间热量传递，使粒化器底座的热量不至于传递到转轴223上，保证粒化器219能够安全、稳定运行，更好的实现粒化效果。
轴冷却风有三种产生方式：方式一，通过风机产生冷却风，从密封罩风口227进入，大部分经过粒化器固定装置的环形风道进入粒化仓，小部分从固定装置与风管内套筒217之间狭小缝隙进入粒化仓；方式二，在转轴223上设有一级、两级或者多级的小型耐温叶片224，通过转轴的高速旋转产生冷却风，大部分经过粒化器固定装置232的环形风道进入粒化仓，小部分从固定装置与风管内套筒217之间狭小缝隙进入粒化仓。转轴223上设有一级、两级或者多级的小型耐温叶片224，随转轴223高速旋转，一方面，会产生轴冷却风道的流动动力，加速轴冷却风对轴、粒化器固定装置的冷却，另一方面，耐温叶片224也可作为肋片结构，强化转轴223的整体散热；方式三，风机出风与小型耐温叶片高速旋转出风配合作为轴冷却风，对轴冷却风道及转轴等部件进行冷却。
熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块3，包括移动床；移动床包括冷却壁面304和收料仓311；
冷却壁面304设置于粒化仓下部，用于容置粒化器粒化后的高温熔渣渣粒；冷却壁面304围绕形成两个对称且上大下小的容置腔；两个容置腔由中间炉墙隔开；中间炉墙中设有粒化器安装空间。
锥形容置腔的底部设有收料仓311，收料仓311底部设有旋转密封阀314。收料仓311外壁设有击振块313。
锥形容置腔的上部布置有稀相区埋管303，稀相区埋管303的下部设有刮板；刮板的下部布置有布风装置；布风装置与平推刮板302之间的空间布置有密相区埋管308。
移动床整体可以设计为矩形或者圆形。移动床为上宽下窄的变截面设计，保证冷却风在各料层的流速相对均匀且小于流化风速达到高效稳定的气-固换热效果。
移动床的左右炉墙(冷却壁304)及中间炉墙为垂直炉墙，前后炉墙(冷却壁304)为倾斜炉墙或垂直炉墙，倾斜炉墙与水平面的夹角为60°～90°。
冷却壁304根据实际情况可以布置成盘管冷却壁、膜式冷却壁或者非膜式冷却壁。
经过粒化和初步冷却的高炉渣颗粒从上部的粒化仓落入到移动床，堆积形成料层，在振动排料机的作用下缓慢向下移动，与此同时冷却风通过布风装置从下部喷入，渣粒和风进行逆流换热既能保证换热强度也能充分回收渣粒热量。在移动床的冷却壁面304外侧上装有振打装置309，在装置运行的时候可以连续击打或者间歇击打，保证渣粒不粘壁，不结块。
在移动床上部稀相区，中间炉墙和冷却壁之间布置1～2层稀相区埋管303，汇集到前后炉墙之上。移动床下部密相区，中间炉墙和冷却壁之间布置2～3层密相区埋管308，汇集到前后炉墙之上。同时上述的稀相区埋管303和密相区埋管308也可以从前后炉墙上的冷却壁上拉出，汇集到中间炉墙上。渣粒经过粒化之后为半熔融状态，需要进行快速的冷却，可在稀相区适当布置较多的埋管受热面，保证渣粒的换热强度。不同成分的熔渣导热系数、粘度等物理参数变化较大，可根据移动床空间的限制和炉渣和冷却介质的匹配情况适当调节移动床内的埋管的层数和埋管与水平方向的夹角。移动床内的埋管内可以通入气体、水或者有机介质作为换热介质，以达到较好的渣粒冷却效果。移动床内的埋管可以是圆管、水滴形管道，或者在管道外加防磨套或者防磨瓦，以达到防颗粒磨蚀的效果。
移动床上设有入口环形集箱310和出口环形集箱301。进入移动床的换热介质首先汇集到入口环形集箱310里，然后分配给冷却壁304、密相区埋管308和稀相区埋管303，最后再汇集到出口环形集箱301里流出移动床。
布风装置位于移动床底部，包括若干布置于收料仓311上部的布风风管320；布风风管320上布置有若干布风风帽312。
刮板为平推刮板302或者旋转刮板325，也可以两者同时存在。
用于均匀料层的平推刮板302设置在移动床的上部。平推刮板302包括若干平推刮板风管317，平推刮板风管317上设有若干平推刮板风帽306；若干平推刮板风管317间隔排布；平推刮板风管317的两端连通侧面风管315，侧面风管315伸出到移动床炉墙之外，和往复电机316通过齿轮齿条机构相连。往复电机316转动能够带动平推刮板风管317往复水平运动。平推刮板风管317通过往复运动使移动床内的料层保持高度均匀，同时平推刮板风管317上的平推刮板风帽306既可以冷却刮板，又可以帮助移动床上部的高温渣粒进行冷却。
在移动床的底部设置有布风装置。布风装置由软连接318、振动电机319、布风风管320、弹簧321及钢丝绳322组成。布风风管320通过两端软连接炉壁；钢丝绳一端通过弹簧321固定连接中间炉壁，另一端连接振动电机；同时振动电机319通过钢丝绳322连接布风风管320，振动电机319转动能够通过钢丝绳带动布风风管320振动，达到对料层进行疏散的效果，保证熔渣颗粒不粘壁，不结块，同时保证高温渣粒快速冷却。
用于均匀料层的旋转刮板325设置在移动床的上部。在移动床的中间炉墙和前后炉墙上均设置有旋转轴323，旋转轴323可以在180°的范围内进行旋转。中间炉墙和前后炉墙旋转刮板325安装在旋转轴323上，且高度不同。多个旋转刮板325可在180°范围内同时运动以对料位进行平整。同时挂板上的旋转刮板风帽324将喷出冷却风对表面的渣粒进行冷却，以保证熔渣颗粒不粘壁，不结块，同时保证较快的冷却速率。
熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块3的工作流程：
经过粒化后的半熔融-宽筛分的高炉渣颗粒进入移动床对称的两部分空间，穿过稀相区埋管303，将一部分的热量传递给稀相区埋管303中的换热介质，同时并且本身得到快速冷却。经过与埋管的换热渣粒的外部渣壳变厚甚至全部凝固。掉落到移动床的料层表面之后，在移动床底部的冷却风和刮板所喷出的冷却风的作用下进一步冷却。熔渣下落过程中，会在移动床中堆积成不均匀的料层，导致熔渣冷却不均匀。刮板往复运动可以将料层推平，保证熔渣料层的均匀性，流过料层各个位置的风量相对均匀。同时刮板上的刮板风帽既可以保证刮板的冷却又可以为上部高温散料提供冷却空气，帮助其冷却。熔渣颗粒移动到密相区埋管308附近，经过与埋管和冷却风的换热，渣粒温度降到较低值，同时完全凝固。由于密相区埋管308的换热，渣粒的玻璃体转化率达到较高的值。移动床侧面设置有振打装置309，收料仓311侧壁设置有击振块313，底部设置有旋转密封阀314。击振块313和侧壁振打装置309以一定的频率击打收料仓311和移动床侧壁上的钢板，旋转密封阀314的开度配合击打的频率和幅度，可以以一定的速度将渣粒排出移动床外。
从粒化仓风机经风道而来的冷却风分两路，一路冷却风通过粒化仓底部布风风管320上的布风风帽312喷入到移动床内，经过与高温渣粒的换热最后汇集排出移动床。另外一路直接通到刮板上的风管中，通过刮板上的刮板风帽喷入移动床的稀相区。两股风均作为冷却介质对渣粒进行冷却。
来自换热介质进入到移动床的入口环形集箱310中，然后被分配给移动床侧壁和前后壁上的冷却壁304中。在中间炉墙上的冷却壁在上升过程中，一部分冷壁管道拉稀成密相区 埋管308和稀相区埋管303，汇集到前后墙的冷却壁上。或者移动床中的埋管直接由入口环形集箱310拉出，然后汇集到前后墙冷却壁上。从墙后墙冷却壁、左右墙冷却壁和中间炉墙冷却壁的膜式冷却壁受热面最后汇集到移动床的出口环形集箱上。
图12为本发明的一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统的流程示意图；系统包含水汽流程、空气流程、高温烟气及渣流程。
图13所示为系统渣、空气、燃气及高温烟气流程示意图：
高温液态熔渣流程：高温液态熔渣经过渣沟进入渣包外壳中，然后经熔渣缓存装置和落渣管进入熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块进行粒化；粒化熔渣进入熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块3进行冷却换热后排入出渣装置；
燃气流程：渣包外壳上设有燃烧器，燃烧器通入高炉煤气/燃气和空气，能够对渣包外壳中的液态熔渣进行补热。
空气流程：燃烧器通入空气，帮助燃气燃烧对渣包外壳中的液态熔渣进行补热；熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块2和熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块3中均通入空气对粒化熔渣进行冷却换热，换热后的热空气排入高温空气余热利用模块4进行进一步换热排出。
高温烟气流程：余热时燃烧器燃烧形成的高温烟气依次经过渣包外壳、熔渣缓存装置、熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块2和熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块3，然后排入高温空气余热利用模块4进行进一步的换热后排出。
请参阅图14所示，系统水汽流程总体上采取自然循环、强制循环、直流或者复合循环(强制循环加自然循环)方式，在采用自然循环或强制循环方式时，粒化仓及移动床受热面整体采用垂直上升的水冷壁管，移动床下部设置入口环形集箱310，移动床上部出口设置出口环形集箱301，粒化仓5底部设置入口集箱208，顶部设置出口环形汇集集箱203；采用直流或者复合循环(强制循环加自然循环)的方式时粒化仓及移动床受热面整体采用盘管式水冷壁；。其中给水可以全部进入省煤器或者部分进入省煤器部分进入移动床下集箱，所述水汽流程：
①自然循环：给水→省煤器→汽包403→下降管→移动床入口环形集箱310→移动床受热面→移动床出口集箱301→粒化仓入口集箱208→粒化仓受热面→粒化仓出口环形汇集集箱203→落渣管固定装置204(介质为水时)→汽包→过热器404
②强制：给水→省煤器→汽包→下降管→循环泵→移动床入口环形集箱310→移动床受热面→移动床出口集箱301→粒化仓入口集箱208→粒化仓受热面→粒化仓出口环形汇集集箱203→落渣管固定装置204(介质为水时)→汽包→过热器
③直流：给水→省煤器→移动床受热面→粒化仓受热面→落渣管固定装置204(介质为水时)→过热器；
④复合循环：给水→省煤器→循环泵→移动床受热面→粒化仓受热面→落渣管固定装置204(介质为水时)→过热器。
本发明中，垂直及水平热风烟道设置包覆受热面，水平热风烟道设置悬吊蛇形管，并在热风烟道依次设置水平过热器、再热器405、省煤器406。系统水汽水流程采用自然循环：
1)给水→省煤器→汽包→下降管407→下集箱(入口环形集箱310)→移动床→粒化仓；
2)给水→省煤器→移动床→汽包→下降管→下集箱(入口环形集箱310)→粒化仓；
3)给水→省煤器→移动床→粒化仓。
最后应说明的是：以上实施方式仅用以说明本发明而非限制本发明所描述的技术方案；因此，尽管本说明书参照上述的各个实施方式对本发明已进行了详细说明，但是，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，仍然可以对本发明进行修改或等同替换；而一切不脱离本发明的精神和范围的技术方案及其改进，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统，其特征在于，包括熔渣缓存及流量控制模块(1)、熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块(2)、熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块(3)和高温空气余热利用模块(4)；
    熔渣缓存及流量控制模块设置于熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块上部，用于液态熔渣缓存和控制液态熔渣下落至熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块的流量和速度；
    熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块用于对下落的液态熔渣进行粒化；
    熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块设置于熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块下部，用于对粒化熔渣进行冷却和暂时存储；
    熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块和熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块中的热气连通高温空气余热利用模块；
    高温空气余热利用模块包括依次设置的一次除尘器(401)、余热锅炉(402)、省煤器、二次除尘器(403)、排气风机(404)和烟囱(405)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统，其特征在于，熔渣缓存及流量控制模块(1)包括渣包外壳(101)、定径水口(105)、塞棒、燃烧器(111)、密封罩(102)和落渣管(103)；渣包外壳(101)的顶部布置有进渣口(112)，底部布置有出渣口；渣包外壳(101)上部或者侧部设有燃烧器(111)；渣包外壳(101)的顶部由耐火砖砌筑为拱券结构；渣包外壳(101)的包底材料与侧壁材料的厚度比为1.4-2.2；出渣口处设置有定径水口和与定径水口配合的塞棒；出渣口外布置有密封罩(102)，密封罩(102)底部设置有落渣管(103)；落渣管(103)下部布置有熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块(2)；
    熔渣离心粒化及余热回收模块(2)包括落渣管(201)、粒化仓(205)和粒化设备；粒化仓(205)顶部中心设有开口，供落渣管(201)伸入，落渣管(201)外部有耐火材料层(202)，与粒化设备对中布置；伸入粒化仓(5)的落渣管(201)外部设有落渣管固定装置(204)；粒化仓内部敷设水冷壁受热面(206)，水冷壁受热面采用膜式水冷壁，竖直布置；粒化仓(205)壁面上还设有气膜冷却装置(207)；粒化设备包括：粒化器(219)、粒化器固定装置(232)、粒化器驱动装置和轴冷却风道；粒化器固定在粒化器固定装置(232)上；粒化器固定装置内部设有气流通道(233)，粒化器固定装置接触粒化器的底部设置扩展受热面(234)；粒化器固定装置顶部开有多个第一风口(236)，顶部第一风口的出风角度与粒化器边缘倾角相交，用于对粒化过程中形成的液膜或液丝进行外力破碎；粒化器固定装置(232)侧面设有多个第二风口(235)，第二风口与粒化器边缘倾斜角度平行或交叉，用于对粒化过程中液丝断裂形成的液滴进行冷却；第一风口和第二风口与气流通道(233)连通；粒化器驱动装置用于驱动粒化器旋转；粒化器驱动装置包括电机(209)和转轴(223)；电机(209)的输出轴与转轴(223)的下端固定连接；转轴的上端与粒化器固定装置(232)的底部固定连接；转轴上设有若干耐温叶片(224)；轴冷却风道包括电机密封罩(210)、风管内套筒(217)和轴套筒(222)；密封罩(210)围绕在电机(209)外周，风管内套筒(217)和轴套筒(222)套设于转轴(223)的外周；耐温推力轴承(212)和耐温定位轴承(221)的内圈均固定在转轴(223)上，外圈固定在风管内套筒(217)内壁；轴套筒(222)固定在耐温推力轴承(212)的外圈和最下部的耐温定位轴承(221)的外圈之间，将部分耐温叶片(224)包围于其中；耐温推力轴承(212)和耐温定位轴承(221)上均设有供气流流道；密封罩(210)与风管内套筒(217)固定连接， 通过通风口(226)连通；风管内套筒(217)外周布置有风管外套筒(216)，风管内套筒(217)外周布置有风管外套筒(216)之间形成环形冷却风道，环形冷却风道顶部环形布置有若干风帽(220)；风管外套筒底部开有环形冷却风道进风口(225)；
    熔渣移动床换热及余热回收模块(3)包括移动床；移动床包括炉壁和收料仓(311)；炉壁围绕形成两个对称且上大下小的容置腔；两个容置腔由中间炉墙隔开；容置腔的底部设有收料仓(311)；锥形容置腔的上部布置有稀相区埋管(303)，稀相区埋管(303)的下部设有刮板；刮板的下部布置有布风装置；布风装置与刮板之间的空间布置有密相区埋管(308)；收料仓底部设有旋转密封阀；收料仓外壁设有击振块(313)；炉壁为冷却壁(304)；冷却壁(304)为盘管冷却壁、膜式冷却壁或者非膜式冷却壁；在移动床上部稀相区，中间炉墙和炉壁之间布置若干层稀相区埋管(303)；移动床下部密相区，中间炉墙和炉壁之间布置若干层密相区埋管(308)；移动床上设有入口环形集箱(310)和出口环形集箱(301)；进入移动床的换热介质首先汇集到入口环形集箱(310)里，然后分配给冷却壁(304)、密相区埋管(308)和稀相区埋管(303)，最后再汇集到出口环形集箱(301)里流出移动床。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统，其特征在于，布风装置位于移动床底部，包括若干布置于收料仓(311)上部的布风风管(320)；布风风管(320)上布置有若干布风风帽(312)；布风装置还包括振动电机(319)、弹簧(321)和钢丝绳(322)；布风风管通过两端软连接炉壁；钢丝绳一端通过弹簧固定连接中间炉壁，另一端连接振动电机；同时振动电机通过钢丝绳连接布风风管，振动电机转动能够通过钢丝绳带动布风风管振动，达到对料层进行疏散的效果。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统，其特征在于，刮板为平推刮板(302)；平推刮板(302)包括若干平推刮板风管(317)，平推刮板风管(317)上设有若干平推刮板风帽(306)；若干平推刮板风管(317)间隔排布；平推刮板风管(317)的两端连通侧面风管(315)，侧面风管(315)伸出到移动床炉墙之外和往复电机(316)通过齿轮齿条机构相连；往复电机(316)转动能够带动平推刮板(302)往复水平运动；平推刮板(302)通过往复运动使移动床内的料层保持高度均匀，同时平推刮板(302)上的平推刮板风帽(306)既能够冷却刮板，又能够对移动床上部的高温渣粒进行冷却。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统，其特征在于，系统水汽流程总体上采取自然循环、强制循环、直流或者复合循环方式，在采用自然循环或强制循环方式时，粒化仓及移动床受热面整体采用垂直上升的水冷壁管，移动床下部设置入口环形集箱(310)，移动床上部出口设置出口环形集箱(301)，粒化仓(5)底部设置入口集箱(208)，顶部设置出口环形汇集集箱(203)；采用直流或者复合循环的方式时粒化仓及移动床受热面整体采用盘管式水冷壁；
    系统中水汽包括如下流程之一：
    ①自然循环：给水→省煤器→汽包→下降管→移动床入口环形集箱(310)→移动床受热面→移动床出口集箱(301)→粒化仓入口集箱(208)→粒化仓受热面→粒化仓出口环形汇集集箱(203)→落渣管固定装置(204)→汽包→过热器；
    ②强制：给水→省煤器→汽包→下降管→循环泵→移动床入口环形集箱(310)→移动床受热面→移动床出口集箱(301)→粒化仓入口集箱(208)→粒化仓受热面→粒 化仓出口环形汇集集箱(203)→落渣管固定装置(204)→汽包→过热器；
    ③直流：给水→省煤器→移动床受热面→粒化仓受热面→落渣管固定装置(204)→过热器；
    ④复合循环：给水→省煤器→循环泵→移动床受热面→粒化仓受热面→落渣管固定装置(204)→过热器。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统，其特征在于，系统水汽流程采取自然循环、强制循环、直流或者复合循环方式，系统中水汽包括如下流程之一：
    1)给水→省煤器→汽包→下降管→入口环形集箱→移动床→粒化仓；
    2)给水→省煤器→移动床→汽包→下降管→入口环形集箱→粒化仓；
    3)给水→省煤器→移动床→粒化仓。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统，其特征在于，粒化仓和移动床内形成-5～10Pa的微负压。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于液态熔渣干式离心粒化及余热回收利用系统，其特征在于，系统气体流程由以下部分组成，空气分为多股分别进入如下装置：
    一股空气经移动床布风装置进入移动床中与高温熔渣颗粒换热成高温空气；
    一股空气经轴冷却风道和耐温叶片(224)产生自生风一起由粒化器第一风口和第二风口进入粒化仓；
    一股空气由粒化仓顶部或侧面气膜冷却装置进入粒化仓；
    移动床高温空气与粒化仓两股空气汇合可由粒化仓顶部排出或者在粒化仓与移动床结合处排出进入高温空气余热利用模块；
    粒化仓两股空气汇合后与移动床高温空气混合从移动床侧面排出进入高温空气余热利用模块；
    空气与可燃气体通过燃烧器燃烧产生高温烟气进入渣包外壳，高温烟气由渣包外壳进入流量控制装置经落渣管进入粒化仓，与粒化仓两股空气及移动床高温空气汇合后通过粒化仓顶部或移动床侧面或者粒化仓与移动床结合处进入高温空气余热利用模块；高温空气余热利用模块入口布置气固分离装置。
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