WO2019161696A1 - 一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置 - Google Patents

一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019161696A1
WO2019161696A1 PCT/CN2018/120176 CN2018120176W WO2019161696A1 WO 2019161696 A1 WO2019161696 A1 WO 2019161696A1 CN 2018120176 W CN2018120176 W CN 2018120176W WO 2019161696 A1 WO2019161696 A1 WO 2019161696A1
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Prior art keywords
moving bed
slag
granulation
hot air
waste heat
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PCT/CN2018/120176
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王树众
曾荣华
赵军
张茜
马立伟
吴志强
孟海鱼
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西安交通大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
    • C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
    • C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
    • C21B3/08—Cooling slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/66—Heat exchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/02—Physical or chemical treatment of slags
    • C21B2400/022—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag
    • C21B2400/026—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag using air, inert gases or removable conductive bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/02—Physical or chemical treatment of slags
    • C21B2400/034—Stirring or agitating by pressurised fluids or by moving apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/08—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes with energy recovery

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of slag granulation and waste heat recovery, and particularly relates to a liquid slag granulation and waste heat recovery device.
  • Blast furnace slag is a solid waste produced by iron and steel smelting process, and its main components include calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, and manganese oxide.
  • the slag temperature of blast furnace slag is 1400 ⁇ 1550 °C, and the heat energy per ton of blast furnace slag is about 1770 MJ, which is equivalent to 60 kg of standard coal, which has great heat recovery potential.
  • China's pig iron production was 691 million tons, and the output of blast furnace slag was about 213 million tons.
  • the sensible heat generated by these blast furnace slags was about 3.77 ⁇ 10 8 GJ, equivalent to 12.78 million tons of standard coal. . Therefore, recycling waste heat from blast furnace slag is of vital importance to the steel industry to save energy and reduce emissions and improve energy efficiency.
  • the traditional blast furnace slag treatment mainly adopts the water quenching method, that is, the low-temperature cooling water is directly mixed with the high-temperature liquid slag for quenching treatment, and the molten blast furnace slag temperature is rapidly lowered to form the glass body slag particles.
  • the water quenching method can be divided into Inbafa, Tulafa, bottom filtration, Lhasa and Mintek by different processes.
  • the vitreous slag particles can be used for resource utilization in the cement industry
  • the water quenching method has the following disadvantages: the water consumption is large, and the consumption of 1 ton of slag particles requires 0.8 to 1.2 tons of new water, and the circulating water consumption is about 10 tons; In the water quenching process, acid gases such as SO 2 and H 2 S are also generated, causing environmental pollution; the process does not recycle high-quality waste heat resources contained in the blast furnace slag. With the full promotion of China's energy conservation and emission reduction work in the steel industry, the high-temperature furnace slag dry granulation and waste heat recovery technology has received attention from the industry.
  • Dry granulation and waste heat recovery technology is a method of rapidly breaking and solidifying liquid slag into small particles under the premise of basically no water consumption, and using air as a heat storage medium to fully contact heat exchange with slag particles, thereby recovering the rest Hot treatment method.
  • the granulated blast furnace slag particles have a wide particle size range of about 2 mm, while the surface temperature of the slag is above 900 ° C, and the center of the blast furnace particles is still molten.
  • the traditional moving bed heat exchange equipment is prone to problems such as slag particle reheating, remelting, low heat recovery efficiency, uneven bed distribution, and low glass transition rate.
  • the utility model relates to a liquid slag granulation and waste heat recovery device, which comprises a granulation bin and a moving bed; an opening is arranged at the top center of the granulation bin, the slag pipe is inserted into the slag pipe, and a hot air outlet is arranged outside the slag pipe; A granulator is disposed below; a plurality of cooling wall tubes are evenly arranged on the inner wall of the granulation chamber, and a granulated warehouse inlet header box connecting a plurality of cooling wall tubes is arranged at a lower portion of the granulation chamber; and a granulated slag is disposed at a lower portion of the granulation chamber
  • the free-falling area of the grain is arranged in the granulation zone; the moving bed is directly connected under the granulation bin; the moving bed outlet header is arranged in the upper part of the moving bed; the diametric pipe is arranged between the moving bed outlet header and the granulated warehouse inlet header
  • the hot air duct adopts an "L" shape, and a gas-solid separator is arranged at the inlet; the solid outlet of the gas-solid separator communicates with the moving bed through the return passage.
  • the bottom of the moving bed is provided with an inlet annular collecting box; the wall of the moving bed is provided with a cooling wall tube; the heat exchange medium entering the moving bed is first collected into the inlet annular collecting box, and then distributed to the cooling wall tube and the dense phase The buried pipe and the dilute phase zone are buried, and finally collected into the outlet ring header and flow out of the moving bed.
  • the push squeegee comprises a plurality of flat push squeegee ducts, and the flat push squeegee air duct is provided with a plurality of flat push squeegee hoods; a plurality of flat push squeegee air ducts are arranged at intervals;
  • the end communicates with the side air duct, the side air duct protrudes out of the moving bed furnace wall and the reciprocating motor is connected by the rack and pinion mechanism; the reciprocating motor rotation can drive the flat push blade air duct to reciprocate horizontally; the flat push scraper passes the reciprocating motion
  • the layer in the moving bed is kept highly uniform, and the flat squeegee hood on the flat squeegee can cool the squeegee and cool the high temperature slag on the moving bed.
  • a gas-solid separator is arranged at the inlet of the hot air duct, and is composed of an upper beam, a lower beam, a left vertical beam, a right vertical beam, a blade, an angle adjuster and a slag cotton grab hook, and the upper beam, the lower beam and the left vertical beam And the right vertical beam constitutes a square frame; a plurality of angle adjusters are arranged in parallel in the frame, and the angle adjuster is provided with a plurality of slag cotton grab hooks.
  • a heating surface of the slag pipe is arranged directly below the inlet of the hot air duct, and a plurality of branch pipelines connecting the inlet boxes of the granulated warehouses are taken out from the moving bed outlet header box, and the branch pipelines are arranged with a spacing inclined and a layered annular arrangement.
  • the air distribution device comprises a plurality of air ducts, a vibration motor, a spring and a steel wire rope; a cloth wind hood is arranged on the air duct; the air duct is softly connected to the furnace wall through two ends; and one end of the wire rope is fixedly connected by a spring.
  • the middle furnace wall is connected to the vibration motor at the other end; at the same time, the vibration motor is connected to the air distribution duct through the steel wire rope, and the vibration motor rotation can drive the air distribution duct to vibrate through the steel wire rope to achieve the effect of evacuating the material layer.
  • a wind system in a liquid slag granulation and waste heat recovery device has two options:
  • Solution 1 The wind hood and the cold air sprayed from the scraper at the bottom of the moving bed absorb the heat of the granulated high-temperature slag particles and become hot air, which is collected together with the cooling wind in the granulating chamber, and finally discharged from the hot air duct;
  • Option 2 The cold air blown from the wind hood at the bottom of the moving bed absorbs the heat of the granulated high-temperature slag particles and turns into hot air, and continues to flow into the interior of the granulation tank to exchange heat with the granulated high-temperature slag particles, and finally from the granules.
  • the hot air outlet at the top of the silo is discharged.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • Water-cooled wall tubes are arranged on the inner wall of the granulated silo, moving bed and hot air duct, and 1 to 2 layers of buried phase buried pipes are arranged above the granular layer of granulated slag, and 3 layers of dense phase are arranged inside the slag granule layer.
  • the buried pipe can quickly cool the high-temperature slag particles and efficiently absorb the latent heat contained in the high-temperature slag particles; the scalloped heating surface at the inlet of the hot air duct can absorb the heat of the hot air to improve the energy utilization rate of the equipment;
  • the three-layer granulation zone buried pipe is arranged in the free falling area of the slag particle to realize efficient recovery of the residual heat of the granulated high-temperature slag.
  • a gas-solid separator is arranged at the inlet of the hot air duct to filter the smaller slag particles and slag wool in the hot air, not only to prevent it from entering the hot air duct, blocking the hot air passage, affecting the normal operation of the equipment, but also filtering the resulting slag.
  • the granules and slag wool are returned to the moving bed through the returning channel to achieve effective control of the quality of the slag particles.
  • the surface of the moving bed layer is provided with a scraper, and the scraper is cooled by ventilation.
  • the squeegee has two functions, one is a uniform material layer, so that the air volume passing through the material layer is relatively uniform; the other function is that the cooling wind sprayed from the hood on the squeegee can help the upper slag particles to cool rapidly and prevent the slag particles from returning to heat. Increase the vitreous conversion rate of the slag particles.
  • the hot runner inlet is equipped with a heated surface of the diametric pipeline to absorb the heat carried by the hot air and improve energy utilization.
  • Arranging the air distribution device at the bottom of the moving bed not only serves to cool the slag particles at the bottom of the moving bed, but also loosens the bottom slag particles for the discharge machine to discharge in time.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a liquid slag granulation and waste heat recovery device according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the squeegee
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of the air distribution device
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of a gas-solid separator;
  • Figure 4 (a) is a front view;
  • Figure 4 (b) is a side view;
  • slag pipe 201, slag pipe; 205, granulation bin; 206, stave tube; 208, granulated bin inlet header; 219, granulator; 237, hot air outlet; 238, granulated zone buried pipe; , outlet ring header; 302, flat pusher; 303, dilute phase buried pipe; 304, hot air duct; 308, dense phase zone buried pipe; 310, inlet annular header; 312, cloth hood; 315, side Duct; 316, reciprocating motor; 317, scraper duct; 318, soft connection; 319, vibration motor; 320, air duct; 321 , spring; 322, wire rope; 326, moving bed; 327, slab 328, gas-solid separator; 329, return channel; 330, upper beam; 331, left vertical beam; 332, right vertical beam; 333, blade; 334, angle adjuster; 335, slag cotton grab hook; , the lower beam.
  • a liquid slag granulation and waste heat recovery device of the present invention comprises: a granulation chamber 205 and a moving bed 326.
  • the granulation bin 205 is square or circular, and the upper portion thereof is a flat top or a dome having an angle of 30° or more with the horizontal angle; the top of the granulation bin 205 is provided with an opening at the top center thereof, and the slag discharge pipe 201 is inserted into the slag pipe 201.
  • a hot air outlet 237 is disposed; a granulator 219 is disposed directly below the slag tube 201 to function as a granulated slag.
  • a plurality of cooling wall tubes 206 are evenly disposed on the inner wall of the granulation chamber 205.
  • the lower portion of the granulation chamber 205 is provided with a granulating hopper inlet header 208 that communicates with a plurality of cooling wall tubes 206 to provide cooling medium for the plurality of cooling wall tubes 206.
  • the moving bed 326 is directly connected to the moving bed 326; the upper part of the moving bed 326 is provided with a moving bed outlet header 301; and the moving bed outlet collecting box 301 and the granulating bin inlet collecting box 208 are arranged with a scalded heating surface 327 for absorption.
  • the hot air carries heat; a granulator 219 is disposed in the middle of the granulation tank 205; in the lower part of the granulation tank 205, a granulated area buried pipe 238 is disposed in the free falling area of the granulated slag particles for absorbing the heat of the granulated high-temperature slag particles
  • the heat transfer medium in the buried pipe is a flowable substance, and is not limited to gas, water and organic medium.
  • the cooling wall tube 206 can be filled with gas, water or an organic medium; the moving bed 326 adopts a front-facing "left-right symmetric" double trapezoidal shape and a square or circular structure in plan view.
  • the double trapezoidal structure of the moving bed 326, the hot air duct 304 is arranged on the outer side of the top, the inner side of the top is connected with the granulation tank 205, the outer side of the top is connected with the hot air duct 304, and the air hood 312 is arranged at the bottom of the slag grain silo in the moving bed 326;
  • Three layers of dense phase zone buried pipe 308 are arranged inside the slag layer, and one or two layers of dilute phase zone buried pipe 303 are arranged above the slag layer;
  • the hot air duct 304 adopts an "L" shape, and the inlet is arranged with gas-solid separation.
  • a cooling wall tube 206 is disposed on the inner wall surface of the hot air duct 304, and a diametric duct heating surface 327 is disposed between the moving bed outlet header 301 and the granulating bin inlet header 208;
  • the gas-solid separator 328 is for fine particles and For slag wool filtration, a cyclone separator, an inertial separator, a separation window, etc. may be used;
  • a scraper 302 is disposed on the surface of the moving bed 326 slag granule layer, and an air distribution device with a hood hood 312 is disposed at the bottom of the granulated slag layer.
  • the flat pusher blade 302 is disposed at the surface of the granulated slag particle; the flat pusher blade 302 includes a plurality of flat pusher blade 317, and the flat pusher blade 317 is provided with a plurality of flat squeegee hoods 306; The squeegees 302 are spaced apart; the two ends of the flat squeegee 302 are connected to the side air duct 315, and the side air duct 315 is extended beyond the moving bed furnace wall, and the reciprocating motor 316 is connected by a rack and pinion mechanism. The rotation of the reciprocating motor 316 can drive the flat push blade 302 to reciprocate horizontally. The flat blade 302 reciprocates to maintain a uniform height of the layer in the moving bed, while the flat blade 306 on the flat blade 302 can both cool the blade and help to move the high temperature slag on the bed. cool down.
  • a gas-solid separator 328 is disposed at the inlet of the hot air duct 304, and is composed of an upper beam 330, a lower beam 337, a left vertical beam 331, a right vertical beam 332, a blade 333, an angle adjuster 334, and a slag gripping hook 335.
  • the upper beam 330 The lower beam 337, the left vertical beam 331 and the right vertical beam 332 form a square frame, and a plurality of angle adjusters 334 are arranged in parallel in the frame, and the angle adjuster 334 is provided with a plurality of slag cotton grab hooks 335; the gas-solid separator 328 is used for separating The hot air is entrained with fine particulate solids and the slag wool which is difficult to remove by the general ash removing device, and the separated fine particles are returned to the moving bed through the return channel 329 to adjust the quality of the slag particles.
  • a diametric heating surface 327 is arranged directly below the inlet of the hot air duct 304, and three branch pipelines are led out from the moving bed outlet header 301, and the granulated warehouse inlet header 208 is connected, and the interval is inclined and the layered annular arrangement is adopted for recycling.
  • the effect of hot air heat 1-2 layers of dilute phase zone buried pipes 303 are arranged above the moving bed 326 slag layer, and the rings are staggered to absorb the heat of the hot air and the high temperature slag particles;
  • the dense phase zone buried pipe 308 is arranged in a circular staggered manner to reduce the cooling effect of the granulated slag particles, and fully utilize the waste heat contained in the slag particles; the buried pipe can be appropriately adjusted according to the specific structure of the moving bed and the matching of the slag and the cooling medium. The number of layers and the degree of inclination of the buried pipe.
  • an air distribution device is provided at the bottom of the moving bed.
  • the air distribution device is composed of a soft connection 318, a vibration motor 319, an air duct 320, a spring 321 and a wire rope 322.
  • the air duct 320 is softly connected to the furnace wall through two ends; one end of the wire rope is fixedly connected to the intermediate furnace wall by a spring 321 , and the other end is connected to the vibration motor; at the same time, the vibration motor 319 is connected to the air distribution duct 320 through the steel wire rope 322, and the vibration motor 319 can pass through.
  • the steel wire rope drives the air duct 320 to vibrate, and achieves the effect of evacuating the material layer, ensuring that the slag particles do not stick to the wall, and do not agglomerate, and at the same time ensure rapid cooling of the high temperature slag particles.
  • the wind system involved in the present invention has two schemes: the first scheme, the wind hood 312 at the bottom of the moving bed and the cold air sprayed by the scraper 302, which absorbs the heat of the granulated high-temperature slag particles and becomes hot air, and the granulation chamber
  • the cooling air in 205 is collected and finally discharged from the hot air duct 304.
  • the cold air blown by the air hood 312 at the bottom of the moving bed absorbs the heat of the granulated high-temperature slag particles and becomes hot air, and continues to flow to the granulation chamber.
  • heat is exchanged with the freshly granulated high temperature slag particles, and finally discharged from the hot air outlet 237 at the top of the granulation tank 205.

Abstract

一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置，包括粒化仓（205）和移动床（326），粒化仓（205）内壁均匀布置若干冷却壁管（206），粒化仓下方直接连移动床（326）；渣粒料层上部布置稀相区埋管（303），料层表面有平推刮板（302），底部有布风装置；布风装置与刮板（302）之间有密相区埋管（308）。对渣粒的潜热进行高效回收，保证粒化仓（205）和移动床（326）稳定运行。

Description

一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置 技术领域
本发明属于熔渣粒化及余热回收技术领域，特别涉及一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置。
背景技术
高炉渣是钢铁冶炼过程产生的固态废弃物，其主要成分包括氧化钙、氧化镁、氧化铝氧化锰等。高炉渣出渣温度为1400～1550℃，每吨高炉渣携带的热能约为1770MJ，相当于60kg标准煤，有着极大的热回收潜质。2015年中国生铁产量为6.91亿吨，产出高炉渣约2.13亿吨，按照每吨高炉渣携带1770MJ计算，这些高炉渣产生的显热约为3.77×10 8GJ，相当于1278万吨标准煤。因此回收利用高炉渣的余热对钢铁行业节能减排、提高能源利用率有着至关重要作用。
传统的高炉渣处理主要是采用水淬法，即利用低温的冷却水直接与高温的液态熔渣混合进行急冷处理，熔融态高炉渣温度迅速降低随即形成玻璃体态炉渣颗粒。水淬法按照不同工艺流程可分为因巴法、图拉法、底滤法、拉萨法和明特克法。虽然玻璃体形态炉渣颗粒可以用于水泥工业进行资源化利用，但是水淬法存在以下缺点：耗水量大，冲制1吨炉渣颗粒需消耗新水0.8～1.2吨，循环用水量约为10吨；在水淬过程中，还会产生SO 2和H 2S等酸性气体，造成环境污染；该工艺未对高炉渣所含高品质余热资源进行回收利用。随着我国对钢铁行业节能减排工作的全力推进，高温炉渣干法粒化及余热回收技术受到行业重视。
随着我国对钢铁行业节能减排工作的全力推进，高温炉渣干法粒化及余热回收技术受到行业重视。干法粒化及余热回收技术是一种在基本不消耗水资源的前提下，将液态熔渣迅速破碎凝固为小颗粒，并利用空气作为储热介质与炉渣颗粒充分接触换热，从而回收其余热的处理方法。
粒化良好的高炉渣颗粒在2mm左右，存在一个较宽的粒径范围，同时熔渣表面温度在900℃以上，而高炉颗粒的中心仍为熔融状态。采用传统的移动床换热设备容易出现渣粒返热、再融、余热回收效率低、床层分布不均、玻璃体转化率低等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置，以实现对液态熔渣的粒化，并且对粒化渣粒所含潜热进行有效回收。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置，包括粒化仓和移动床；粒化仓顶部中心设有开口，供落渣管伸入，落渣管外部布置了热风出口；落渣管的正下方布置了粒化器；粒化仓的内壁上均匀布置有若干冷却壁管，粒化仓的下部设有连通若干冷却壁管的粒化仓进口集箱；在粒化仓下部，粒化渣粒自由下落区域布置粒化区埋管；粒化仓下方直接连移动床；移动床的上部设有移动床出口集箱；移动床出口集箱和粒化仓进口集箱之间布置了拉稀管道受热面，用于吸收热风所携带热量；粒化仓的中间布置了粒化器；移动床的顶部外侧布置热风道，顶部内侧与粒化仓连接，顶部外侧与热风道相连；渣粒料层上部布置有稀相区埋管，稀相区埋管的下部设有推刮板；料层底部布置有布风装置；布风装置与推刮板之间的空间布置有密相区埋管。
进一步的，热风道采用“L”外形，进口处布置气固分离器；气固分离器的固体出口通过返料道连通移动床。
进一步的，移动床底部设有入口环形集箱；移动床的炉壁上设有冷却壁管；进入移动床的换热介质首先汇集到入口环形集箱里，然后分配给冷却壁管、密相区埋管和稀相区埋管，最后再汇集到出口环形集箱里流出移动床。
进一步的，推刮板包括若干平推刮板风管，平推刮板风管上设有若干平推刮板风帽；若干平推刮板风管间隔排布；平推刮板风管的两端连通侧面风管，侧面风管伸出到移动床炉墙之外和往复电机通过齿轮齿条机构相连；往复电机转动能够带动平推刮板风管往复水平运动；平推刮板通过往复运动使移动床内的料层保持高度均匀，同时平推刮板上的平推刮板风帽既能够冷却刮板，又能够对移动床上部的高温渣粒进行冷却。
进一步的，在热风道进口处布置气固分离器，由上横梁、下横梁、左立梁、右立梁、叶片、角度调节器和渣棉抓钩构成，上横梁、下横梁、左立梁和右立梁组成四方框架；框架中平行设置若干角度调节器，角度调节器上设有若干渣棉抓钩。
进一步的，在热风道进口正下方布置拉稀管道受热面，是由移动床出口集箱引出若干条连通粒化仓进口集箱的支路管道，支路管道采用间隔倾斜、分层环形布置，用于回收热风热量
进一步的，布风装置包括若干布风风管、振动电机、弹簧和钢丝绳；布风风管上布置有若干布风风帽；布风风管通过两端软连接炉壁；钢丝绳一端通过弹簧固定连接中间炉壁，另一端连接振动电机；同时振动电机通过钢丝绳连接布风风管，振动电机转动能够通过钢丝绳带动布风风管振动，达到对料层进行疏散的效果。
进一步的，一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置中的风系统具有两种方案：
方案一：移动床底部的布风风帽和刮板喷出的冷风，吸收粒化高温渣粒的热量而变成热风，与粒化仓内的冷却风汇集在一起，最后从热风道排出；
方案二：移动床底部的布风风帽喷出的冷风，吸收粒化高温渣粒的热量而变成热风，继续流向粒化仓内部，与刚粒化的高温渣粒进行换热，最后从粒化仓顶部的热风出口排出。
相对于现有技术，本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)粒化仓、移动床和热风道内壁面均布置水冷壁管，在粒化渣粒料层上方布置1～2层稀相区埋管埋管、渣粒料层内部设置3层密相区埋管，可以使得高温渣粒迅速冷却，高效地吸收高温渣粒所蕴含的潜热；在热风道进口处布置拉稀管道受热面可以吸收热风的热量，提高设备能量利用率；在粒化仓粒化渣粒自由下落区域布置3层粒化区埋管，实现对粒化高温渣粒余热的高效回收。
(2)热风道进口处布置了气固分离器，对热风夹带较小渣粒和渣棉进行过滤，不仅起到防止其进入热风道，堵塞热风道，影响设备的正常运行，而且过滤所得渣粒和渣棉通过返料道返回移动床，实现对渣粒品质的有效调控。
(3)移动床料层表面位置设置有刮板，刮板再带通风冷却。刮板有两个作用，一个是均匀料层，使通过料层的风量相对均匀；另外一个作用是刮板上的风帽喷出的冷却风可以帮助上部渣粒迅速冷却，防止渣粒返热，提高渣粒的玻璃体转化率。
(4)热风道进口处布置了拉稀管道受热面，吸收热风中所携带的热量，提高能源利用率。
(5)在移动床底部布置布风装置，不仅起到冷却移动床底部渣粒的作用，而且可以疏松底部渣粒便于排料机及时排料。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步详细说明。
图1为本发明一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置的结构示意图；
图2为刮板示意图；
图3为布风装置俯视图；
图4为气固分离器示意图；图4(a)为正视图；图4(b)为侧视图；
图中：201、落渣管；205、粒化仓；206、冷却壁管；208、粒化仓进口集箱；219、粒化器；237、热风出口；238、粒化区埋管；301、出口环形集箱；302、平推刮板；303、稀相区埋管；304、热风道；308、密相区埋管；310、入口环形集箱；312、布风风帽；315、侧面风管；316、往复电机；317、刮板风管；318、软连接；319、振动电机；320、布风风管；321、弹簧；322、钢丝绳；326、移动床；327、拉稀管道受热面；328、气固分离器；329、返料道；330、上横梁；331、左立梁；332、右立梁；333、叶片；334、角度调节器；335、渣棉抓钩；336、下横梁。
具体实施方式
请参阅图1至图3所示，本发明一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置，包括：粒化仓205和移动床326。
粒化仓205为正方形或圆形，其上部为平顶或与水平夹角30°以上的穹顶；粒化仓205顶部中心设有开口，供落渣管201伸入，落渣管201外部布置了热风出口237；落渣管201的正下方布置了粒化器219，起到粒化熔渣的作用。粒化仓205的内壁上均匀布置有若干冷却壁管206，粒化仓205的下部设有连通若干冷却壁管206，为若干冷却壁管206提供冷却介质的粒化仓进口集箱208。
粒化仓205下方直接连移动床326；移动床326的上部设有移动床出口集箱301；移动床出口集箱301和粒化仓进口集箱208之间布置了拉稀管道受热面327，吸收热风所携带热量；粒化仓205中间布置了粒化器219；在粒化仓205下部，粒化渣粒自由下落区域布置粒化区埋管238，用来吸收粒化的高温渣粒的热量，埋管内的换热工质是能流动的物质，不限于气体、水和有机介质。冷却壁管206内可以通入气体、水或者有机介质；移动床326采用正视“左右对称”双梯形、俯视为正方形或圆形的结构。
移动床326的“双梯形”结构，顶部外侧布置热风道304，顶部内侧与粒化仓205连接，顶部外侧与热风道304相连；移动床326内渣粒料仓底部布置了布风风帽312；渣粒料层内部布置了3层密相区埋管308，在渣粒层上方布置1～2层稀相区埋管埋管303；热风道304采用“L”外形，进口处布置气固分离器328，在热风道304内壁面布置冷却壁管206，并且从移动床出口集箱301和粒化仓进口集箱208之间布置拉稀管道受热面327；气固分离器328是对细小颗粒和渣棉过滤，既可以采用旋风分离器、惯性分离器和分离窗等；移动床326渣粒料层表面布置刮板302，在粒化渣粒层底部布置带布风风帽312的布风装置。
在粒化渣粒表面位置布置平推刮板302；平推刮板302包括若干平推刮板风管317，平推刮板风管317上设有若干平推刮板风帽306；若干平推刮板302间隔排布；平推刮板302的两端连通侧面风管315，侧面风管315伸出到移动床炉墙之外，和往复电机316通过齿轮齿条机构相连。往复电机316转动能够带动平推刮板302往复水平运动。平推刮板302通过往复运动使移动床内的料层保持高度均匀，同时平推刮板302上的平推刮板风帽306既可以冷却刮板，又可以帮助移动床上部的高温渣粒进行冷却。
在热风道304进口处布置气固分离器328，由上横梁330、下横梁337、左立梁331、右立梁332、叶片333、角度调节器334和渣棉抓钩335构成，上横梁330、下横梁337、左立梁331、右立梁332组成四方框架，框架中平行设置若干角度调节器334，角度调节器334上设有若干渣棉抓钩335；气固分离器328用于分离热风中夹带细小颗粒固体及一般除灰装置难去除的渣棉，被分离的细小颗粒通过返料道329返回到移动床，起到调整渣粒品质的作用。
在热风道304进口正下方布置拉稀管道受热面327，是由移动床出口集箱301引出3条支路管道，连接粒化仓进口集箱208，采用间隔倾斜、分层环形布置，起到回收热风热量的作用；在移动床326渣粒层上方布置1～2层稀相区埋管303，环形交错布置，起到吸收热风和高温渣粒热量的作用；在移动床渣粒层内部布置3层密相区埋管308，环形交错布置，起到对粒化渣粒冷却的效果，充分利用渣粒所蕴含的余热；可根据移动床具体结构以及炉渣和冷却介质的匹配情况适当调节埋管的层数和埋管倾斜程度。
请参阅图4所示，在移动床的底部设置有布风装置。布风装置由软连接318、振动电机319、布风风管320、弹簧321及钢丝绳322组成。布风风管320通过两端软连接炉壁；钢丝绳一端通过弹簧321固定连接中间炉壁，另一端连接振动电机；同时振动电机319通过钢丝绳322连接布风风管320，振动电机319转动能够通过钢丝绳带动布风风管320振动，达到对料层进行疏散的效果，保证熔渣颗粒不粘壁，不结块，同时保证高温渣粒快速冷却。
本发明中所涉及的风系统有两种方案：方案一，移动床底部的布风风帽312和刮板302喷出的冷风，吸收粒化高温渣粒的热量而变成热风，与粒化仓205内的冷却风汇集在一起，最后从热风道304排出；方案二，移动床底部的布风风帽312喷出的冷风，吸收粒化高温渣粒的热量而变成热风，继续流向粒化仓205内部，与刚粒化的高温渣粒进行换热，最后从粒化仓205顶部的热风出口237排出。
最后应说明的是：以上实施方式仅用以说明本发明而非限制本发明所描述的技术方案；因此，尽管本说明书参照上述的各个实施方式对本发明已进行了详细说明，但是，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，仍然可以对本发明进行修改或等同替换；而一切不脱离本发明的精神和范围的技术方案及其改进，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置，其特征在于，包括粒化仓(205)和移动床(326)；
    粒化仓(205)顶部中心设有开口，供落渣管(201)伸入，落渣管(201)外部布置了热风出口(237)；落渣管(201)的正下方布置了粒化器(219)；粒化仓的内壁上均匀布置有若干冷却壁管(206)，粒化仓的下部设有连通若干冷却壁管(206)的粒化仓进口集箱(208)；在粒化仓下部，粒化渣粒自由下落区域布置粒化区埋管(238)；
    粒化仓下方直接连移动床(326)；移动床的上部设有移动床出口集箱(301)；移动床出口集箱(301)和粒化仓进口集箱(208)之间布置了拉稀管道受热面(327)，用于吸收热风所携带热量；粒化仓(205)的中间布置了粒化器(219)；
    移动床(326)的顶部外侧布置热风道(304)，顶部内侧与粒化仓(205)连接，顶部外侧与热风道(304)相连；渣粒料层上部布置有稀相区埋管(303)，渣粒料层表面设有推刮板(302)，渣粒料层底部布置有布风装置；布风装置与推刮板(302)之间的空间布置有密相区埋管(308)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置，其特征在于，热风道(304)采用“L”外形，进口处布置气固分离器(328)；气固分离器(328)的固体出口通过返料道(329)连通移动床(326)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置，其特征在于，移动床(326)底部设有入口环形集箱(310)；移动床的炉壁上设有冷却壁管(206)；进入移动床(326)的换热介质首先汇集到入口环形集箱(310)里，然后分配给冷却壁管(206)、密相区埋管(308)和稀相区埋管(303)，最后再汇集到移动床出口环形集箱(301)里流出移动床(326)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置，其特征在于，推刮板(302)包括若干平推刮板风管(317)，平推刮板风管(317)上设有若干平推刮板风帽(306)；若干平推刮板风管(317)间隔排布；平推刮板风管(317)的两端连通侧面风管(315)，侧面风管(315)伸出到移动床炉墙之外和往复电机(316)通过齿轮齿条机构相连；往复电机(316) 转动能够带动平推刮板风管(317)往复水平运动；平推刮板(302)通过往复运动使移动床内的料层保持高度均匀，同时平推刮板(302)上的平推刮板风帽(306)既能够冷却刮板，又能够对移动床上部的高温渣粒进行冷却。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置，其特征在于，在热风道(304)进口处布置气固分离器(328)，由上横梁(330)、下横梁(337)、左立梁(331)、右立梁(332)、叶片(333)、角度调节器(334)和渣棉抓钩(335)构成，上横梁(330)、下横梁(337)、左立梁(331)和右立梁(332)组成四方框架；框架中平行设置若干角度调节器(334)，角度调节器(334)上设有若干渣棉抓钩(335)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置，其特征在于，在热风道(304)进口正下方布置拉稀管道受热面(327)，是由移动床出口集箱(301)引出若干条连通粒化仓进口集箱(208)的支路管道，支路管道采用间隔倾斜、分层环形布置，用于回收热风热量。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置，其特征在于，布风装置包括若干布风风管(320)、振动电机(319)、弹簧(321)和钢丝绳(322)；布风风管(320)上布置有若干布风风帽(312)；布风风管(320)通过两端软连接炉壁；钢丝绳(322)一端通过弹簧(321)固定连接中间炉壁，另一端连接振动电机(319)；同时振动电机(319)通过钢丝绳(322)连接布风风管(320)，振动电机(319)转动能够通过钢丝绳(322)带动布风风管(320)振动，达到对料层进行疏散的效果。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置，其特征在于：一种液态熔渣粒化及余热回收装置中的风系统具有两种方案：
    方案一：移动床底部的布风风帽(312)和刮板(302)喷出的冷风，吸收粒化高温渣粒的热量而变成热风，与粒化仓(205)内的冷却风汇集在一起，最后从热风道(304)排出；
    方案二：移动床底部的布风风帽(312)喷出的冷风，吸收粒化高温渣粒的热量而变成热风，继续流向粒化仓(205)内部，与刚粒化的高温渣粒进行换热，最后从粒化仓(205)顶部的热风出口(237)排出。
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