WO2019157838A1 - 一种茶皂素辅助的水媒法提油方法 - Google Patents

一种茶皂素辅助的水媒法提油方法 Download PDF

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WO2019157838A1
WO2019157838A1 PCT/CN2018/112433 CN2018112433W WO2019157838A1 WO 2019157838 A1 WO2019157838 A1 WO 2019157838A1 CN 2018112433 W CN2018112433 W CN 2018112433W WO 2019157838 A1 WO2019157838 A1 WO 2019157838A1
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oil
phase
water
tea saponin
emulsion
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PCT/CN2018/112433
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杨瑞金
张世祺
张文斌
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江南大学
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Priority claimed from CN201810148097.9A external-priority patent/CN108359530B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201810148113.4A external-priority patent/CN108329991B/zh
Application filed by 江南大学 filed Critical 江南大学
Priority to JP2019559363A priority Critical patent/JP7168992B2/ja
Publication of WO2019157838A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019157838A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/02Pretreatment
    • C11B1/04Pretreatment of vegetable raw material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/10Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting

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  • the invention relates to a tea saponin-assisted water medium oil extraction method, and belongs to the technical field of oil processing.
  • the concept of the water-mass method is based on the analysis and categorization of oil extraction techniques other than the pressing and leaching methods developed over the past half-century.
  • the so-called water medium method refers to the oil extraction technology with water as the main medium, which can be supplemented with or without water-soluble edible substances (such as ethanol), food-grade enzymes, ultrasonic waves, microwaves, etc. to destroy the oil cell wall and / or demulsified edible oil extraction technology.
  • the ethanol-assisted water extraction method is the latest stage of the development of water-based method.
  • the basic principle of oil extraction is that the surface tension of ethanol is less than the surface tension of water.
  • ethanol makes the oil-water emulsion system lose stability, which is conducive to the improvement of clear oil yield.
  • the ethanol water extraction method also has the defects of large amount of ethanol used and high cost.
  • other water-based methods have disadvantages such as a large amount of water-enzymatic enzymes, and large energy consumption such as ultrasonic waves and microwave assist.
  • the first object of the method is to provide a water-based method for extracting oil by using water or an aqueous solution containing ethanol as a medium, using an extracting agent containing tea saponin to extract oil, and pulverizing the material to be extracted. Soaked in the extractant at 50-100 ° C for 0.5 ⁇ 3h, adjust the pH to 8 ⁇ 10, and then centrifuge to separate the slag phase, water phase, oil phase and emulsion; collect the oil phase and emulsion, and demulsifie to obtain clear oil .
  • the method comprises: pulverizing the material to be extracted, immersing in an extractant at 70 ° C for 0.5 h, adjusting the pH to 9, and then centrifuging the slag phase, the water phase, the oil phase, and Emulsion; collect the oil phase and emulsion, and demulsifie to obtain clear oil.
  • the tea saponin is contained in the material itself, enters the aqueous phase during the extraction process, or is additionally added.
  • the material comprises the fruit or seed of an oil crop.
  • the material is camellia seed for extracting camellia seed oil.
  • the surfactant is capable of controlling the interfacial tension between the oil phase and the extractant to be 2 to 8 mN/m.
  • the pulverization is pulverization to a particle diameter of 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the demulsification comprises freeze demulsification, enzymatic demulsification or demulsification of an ethanol solution.
  • the method is used to prepare a fat or oil that is based on oilseed fruits or seeds.
  • the method is for extracting fats and oils from the fruit or seed of Camellia.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide an application of a tea saponin-containing extractant for extracting oil and fat;
  • the tea saponin-containing extracting agent is a tea saponin-containing solution, and the tea saponin concentration is 10 to 200 g/L. .
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a method for extracting camellia oil, which comprises using an aqueous solution as an extracting agent, pulverizing the material to be extracted, and immersing in an extracting agent at 70 ° C for 0.5 h to adjust the pH to 9. Then, the slag phase, the water phase, the oil phase and the emulsion are separated by centrifugation; the oil phase and the emulsion are collected, and the emulsion is broken to obtain clear oil; the aqueous phase is collected as an extractant of the next batch of materials, and the water phase is repeatedly used to extract oil at least 5 Times. As the number of cycles increases, the content of tea saponin in the aqueous phase continues to increase.
  • the aqueous phase is repeatedly extracted with oil for 5 to 12 times.
  • reaction liquid ratio 1:5
  • a fourth object of the present invention is to provide a camellia seed oil product or a product containing camellia seed oil prepared by the method.
  • the oil extraction process of the invention does not require the use of ethanol, which not only saves cost but also improves safety in the production process, and does not require measures such as explosion-proof;
  • the oil extraction rate can be increased from about 75% to over 92% by repeated use of the aqueous phase; the extraction is started with 15% ethanol aqueous solution.
  • the oil recovery rate can be increased from the original 89% to over 94% by repeated use of the aqueous phase.
  • the extraction medium of the present invention contains, in addition to water, tea saponin or additional tea saponin contained in Camellia oleifera seeds. Tea saponin can reduce the surface tension of the extraction medium and promote the dissolution of oil from the oil to the extraction medium.
  • Tea saponin contained in Camellia oleifera seeds will enter the aqueous solution (aqueous phase), and the previous batch of aqueous phase serves as the extraction medium for the next batch of raw materials.
  • the content of tea saponin in the extraction medium is continuously increased, the extraction rate of oil is continuously increased, and the content of tea saponin, protein and tea polysaccharide in the aqueous phase is also continuously increased.
  • the content of tea saponin in the aqueous phase was increased from 4.27% in one extraction to 17.63%, and the protein content was increased from 3.19% in one extraction to 11.98%.
  • the sugar content increased from 1.74% in one extraction to 5.60%. It is very beneficial for the recycling of tea saponin, protein and tea polysaccharide in the aqueous phase.
  • the method of the invention uses the circulation of the water phase to greatly reduce the amount of water used as the extracting agent, thereby saving cost and reducing the generation of waste water, achieving energy saving and environmental protection while achieving economic benefits. It can be said that it is more than one thing.
  • Figure 1 shows the distribution of total fat in each phase when pure water is reused as the aqueous phase
  • Figure 2 shows the fat content of the dry residue at each level after oil extraction
  • Figure 3 is the water phase fat content of each level after oil extraction
  • Figure 4 is the protein content of the degreased dry residue after oil extraction
  • Figure 5 is the concomitant content of the water phase at each stage after oil extraction
  • FIG. 6 shows the oil extraction effect of different extractants
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing the fat distribution of each phase after the scale of the test.
  • Figure 8 is a graph showing changes in concomitant concentration in an aqueous phase that is reused after amplifying the scale of the test;
  • Figure 9 shows the distribution of total fat in each phase when extracted with 15% ethanol.
  • Steps (1) to (3) are repeated until the fat content in the slag phase tends to be stable, and the content of fat and the like therein is measured.
  • the oil recovery rate during the repeated use of the aqueous phase, the oil content of the slag phase, and the oil content of the aqueous phase are shown in Fig. 1.
  • the ratio of clear oil to total fat can be increased from the initial 75.76% to about 91.21%, the proportion of oil in the aqueous phase to total fat is increased from 5.39% to about 20.55%, and the fat content in the slag phase is 3.72%. Reduced to about 2.37%.
  • the fat content in the slag phase can be reduced from the initial 9.00% to about 3.10%.
  • the fat content in the aqueous phase can be increased from the initial 0.64% to about 2.25%, which is obvious, and can be used for the recovery of the later free oil and the recovery of other concomitants.
  • the change in protein content in the slag phase is shown in Figure 4.
  • the protein content in the slag phase can be increased from 8.92% to about 10.19%.
  • the protein contained in the raw material accumulates in the aqueous phase, so that the protein in the aqueous phase is continuously increased, and the protein entering the aqueous phase decreases in solubility as the protein concentration increases, thereby causing the protein in the slag phase. Raise.
  • the composition of the other substances in the aqueous phase was measured.
  • the protein, tea saponin (TS) and total sugar content were continuously accumulated as the aqueous phase was repeatedly used.
  • the protein content can be increased from 3.19% to 11.98%
  • tea saponin can be increased from 4.27% to 17.63%
  • total sugar can be increased from 1.74% to 5.60%.
  • the interfacial tension of the system before and after extraction was measured. The results showed that the interfacial tension decreased from 7.57 mN/m to 5.32 mN/m after extraction with water as the extractant.
  • the inventors also carried out oil extraction by the method of Example 1 using an aqueous solution containing only protein or only sugar as an extracting agent, and as a result, the oil extraction rate did not increase significantly.
  • the extraction step was carried out in the same manner as in the steps (2) to (3) of Example 1.
  • the oil phase and the emulsion were taken out, placed in a refrigerator at -20 ° C for 24 hours, and subjected to freezing and demulsification in a water bath at 50 ° C to calculate the yield of the clear oil.
  • the slag phase is taken out for drying, and the content of fat and the like is measured after pulverization.
  • the interfacial tension of the extractant system was measured. The results showed that the interfacial tension between the oil phase and the extractant was 40 g/L tea saponin solution (5.75 mN/m) and deionized water (8.20 mN/m). A 15% aqueous solution of ethanol (2.12 mN/m) was used repeatedly (7.96 mN/m).
  • the oil extraction rate of the four groups of raw materials was measured, and the results showed that the oil extraction rate using 4% tea saponin was 81.68%; the oil extraction rate using deionized water was 75.45%; using 15% ethanol aqueous solution The oil extraction rate was 89.39%; the oil extraction rate extracted with the extract once reused was 80.96%.
  • the pulverized camellia seed was extracted with different concentrations (0-100g/L) of tea saponin solution, respectively using deionized water, 10g/L tea saponin solution, 40g/L tea saponin solution and 100g/L
  • the tea saponin solution is extracted, and the extraction steps are as follows:
  • the interfacial tension of the extractant system was measured. The results showed that the interfacial tension between the oil phase and the extractant was: deionized water (8.20 mN/m) and 10 g/L tea saponin solution (7.85 mN/m). 40 g/L tea saponin solution (5.75 mN/m), 100 g/L tea saponin solution (5.43 mN/m).
  • the oil extraction rates after calculation were 75.45% in the pure water group, 76.47% in the 10 g/L tea saponin group, 82.68% in the 40 g/L tea saponin group, and 81.44% in the 100 g/L tea saponin group.
  • each group of 200g is 200g
  • the first group is added with 1L of deionized water
  • the second group is added with 1L of 10% Tween 20 aqueous solution.
  • the third group is added with a 15% ethanol aqueous solution
  • the fourth group is added with 1 L of a 4% tea saponin solution
  • the fifth group is added with 1 L of a 10% sodium lauryl sulfate solution (reaction liquid)
  • the ratio is 1:5) fully mixed;
  • the oil phase and the emulsion were taken out, placed in a refrigerator at -20 ° C for 24 h, and subjected to freezing and demulsification in a water bath at 50 ° C to calculate the yield of the clear oil.
  • the slag phase is taken out for drying, and the content of fat and the like is measured after pulverization.
  • the interfacial tension of the extractant system was measured. The results showed that the interfacial tension between the oil phase and the extractant was: deionized water (8.20 mN/m), 50 g/L tween 20 (4.8 mN/m), 15 % aqueous ethanol solution (2.12 mN/m), 40 g/L tea saponin solution (5.75 mN/m), 100 g/L sodium lauryl sulfate aqueous solution (16.2 mN/m).
  • the ratio of residual fat in the emulsion was different between different extractants.
  • the residual fat in the emulsion produced by the same raw materials accounted for 10% sodium lauryl sulfate (25.80%) > pure water group. (12.99%)>10% Tween 20 group (8.86%)>4% tea saponin group (6.71%)>15% ethanol group (6.28%).
  • Tween 20 and tea saponin are nonionic surfactants with HLB values of about 15-17, while sodium lauryl sulfate is an anionic surfactant with an HLB value of about 40.
  • Tween 20 and tea saponin are extractants with less emulsion content and higher oil yield.
  • tea saponin is abundant in the aqueous phase of oil palm seed oil extraction process, and is an ideal natural extractant.
  • the 800g raw material is used to carry out the amplification and oil extraction reaction, and the flow is as follows:
  • the content of tea saponin can be increased from 4.45% to about 16%; the protein concentration can be increased from 3.5% to 10.91%; the total sugar concentration can be increased from 2.67% to 6.97%, which is consistent with the law of small-scale extraction.
  • the scale-up extraction effect was about twice as high as the original concentration in terms of protein, tea saponin content and total sugar content.
  • Steps (1) to (3) are repeated until the fat content in the slag phase tends to be stable, and the content of fat and the like therein is measured.
  • the oil extraction rate after the calculation was calculated to be 67.36%.
  • the oil extraction rate after the calculation was calculated to be 84.02%.
  • the oil extraction rate after the calculation was calculated to be 75.45%.
  • the oil was extracted by using span-20, and the extraction procedure was the same as in Example 4. The results showed that the extraction rate was 51.6%.

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Abstract

一种水媒法提油方法以及茶皂素在提高水媒法提油效率中的应用,所述方法是以水或含有乙醇的水溶液为媒介,将待提取的物料粉碎后浸泡于50~100℃的含有茶皂素的提取剂中0.5~3h,调节pH为8~10,再离心分离渣相、水相、油相和乳状液;收集油相和乳状液,进行破乳,获得清油。所述茶皂素是物料本身含有的、在提取过程中进入水相的,或额外添加的,使用浓度为10~200g/L的茶皂素溶液进行提油。还涉及该方法在提取山茶科果实或种子的油脂方面的应用,以及由该方法所获得的油脂产品。利用含有茶皂素的水溶液进行提油,可以大幅度降低提取剂的使用,使提油率达到94%以上,并且减少废水产生。

Description

一种茶皂素辅助的水媒法提油方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种茶皂素辅助的水媒法提油方法,属于油料加工技术领域。
背景技术
水媒法的概念是基于对近半个多世纪发展的除压榨法和浸出法之外的提油技术的分析和归类而提出的。所谓水媒法,是指以水为主要媒介的提油技术,可辅以或不辅以与水互溶的可食用物质(例如乙醇)、食品级酶、超声波、微波等处理以破坏油料细胞壁和/或破乳的食用油提取技术。其中乙醇辅助水提法是水媒法发展的最新阶段,其提油的基本原理为乙醇的表面张力小于水的表面张力,乙醇的加入使得油水乳化体系失去稳定,利于清油得率的提高。然而乙醇水提法同样存在乙醇使用量大,成本较高等缺陷。同样,其他水媒法存在例如水酶法酶的用量较大,超声波和微波辅助等存在能量消耗较大等缺陷。
发明内容
本方法的第一个目的是提供一种水媒法提油的方法,该方法以水或含有乙醇的水溶液为媒介,应用含有茶皂素的提取剂进行提油,将待提取的物料粉碎后,浸泡于50~100℃的提取剂中0.5~3h,调节pH为8~10,再离心分离渣相、水相、油相和乳状液;收集油相和乳状液,进行破乳,获得清油。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述方法是将待提取的物料粉碎后,浸泡于70℃的提取剂中0.5h,调节pH为9,再离心分离渣相、水相、油相和乳状液;收集油相和乳状液,进行破乳,获得清油。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述茶皂素是物料本身含有的、在提取过程中进入水相的,或额外添加的。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述物料包括油料作物的果实或种子。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述物料为油茶籽,用于提取油茶籽油。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述表面活性剂能够控制油相和提取剂之间的界面张力为2~8mN/m。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述粉碎是粉碎至粒径为10~50μm。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述破乳包括冷冻破乳、酶法破乳或乙醇溶液破乳。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述方法具体步骤如下:
(1)取新鲜的的粉碎至粒径20-40μm的油茶籽原料,加入含有0~200g/L茶皂素的水溶 液为提取剂,使料液比为1:3~10,充分混匀;
(2)将混合液边搅拌边加热升温至50~100℃,调节pH至8~10,保温0.5~3h;
(3)反应结束后离心,获得渣相、水相、油相和乳状液;
(4)将其中的油相和乳状液破乳。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述方法用于制备以油料果实或种子为原料的油脂。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述方法用于提取山茶科果实或种子的油脂。
本发明的第二个目的是提供含茶皂素的提取剂在油脂提取方面的应用;所述含茶皂素的提取剂为含茶皂素的溶液,茶皂素浓度为10~200g/L。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种提取山茶油的方法,所述方法是以水溶液为提取剂,将待提取的物料粉碎后,浸泡于70℃的提取剂中0.5h,调节pH为9,再离心分离渣相、水相、油相和乳状液;收集油相和乳状液,进行破乳,获得清油;收集水相作为下一批物料的提取剂,重复利用水相提油至少5次。随着循环次数的增加,水相中的茶皂素含量不断提高。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,重复利用水相提油5~12次。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述方法的具体步骤为:
(1)取新鲜的粉碎至粒径20μm的油茶籽原料,加入水,使反应料液比为1:5;
(2)将混合液边搅拌边加热升温至70℃,调节pH至9,保温0.5h;
(3)离心获得渣相、水相、油相和乳状液;
(4)取出其中的油相和乳状液,进行破乳,得到清油;取出其中的水相,作为下一次提油的提取剂,体积不足部分用水补充至料液比为1:5,重复步骤(1)~(3)。
本发明的第四个目的是提供应用所述方法制备的油茶籽油产品或含有油茶籽油的产品。
有益效果:
1、本发明的提油过程不需使用乙醇,既可节约成本又可提高生产过程中的安全性,不需防爆等措施;
2、本方法在纯水作为起始提取剂时,经水相的多次重复使用,可使提油率由原来的75%左右提高至92%以上;以15%的乙醇水溶液为起始提取剂时,经水相的多次重复利用,可使提油率由原来的89%左右,提高至94%以上。
3、本发明的提取介质中除了水之外还含有油茶籽中本身含有的茶皂素或外加的茶皂素。茶皂素能够降低提取介质的表面张力,促进油从油料中向提取介质的溶出。提取过程中,油茶籽中本身含有的茶皂素会进入到水溶液(水相)中,前一批的水相作为下一批原料的提取介质。经多次重复,提取介质中的茶皂素含量不断提高,油的提取率不断提高,同时水相中 茶皂素、蛋白质和茶多糖含量也不断提高。以纯水为起始提取剂时,水相重复使用11次后,水相中茶皂素含量由一次提取的4.27%提升至17.63%,蛋白质含量由一次提取的3.19%提升至11.98%,总糖含量由一次提取的1.74%提升至5.60%。非常有利于水相中的茶皂素、蛋白质和茶多糖的回收利用。
4、本发明的方法通过水相的循环使用,使作为提取剂的水的用量大幅减少,既节约了成本,又减少了废水的产生,在达到经济效益提高的同时达到节能降耗和环境保护,可谓一举多得。
附图说明
图1为重复使用纯水作为水相提取时总脂肪在各相中的分布;
图2为提油后的各级干渣脂肪含量;
图3为提油后的各级水相脂肪含量;
图4为提油后的脱脂干渣的蛋白含量;
图5为提油后各级水相的伴随物含量;
图6为不同提取剂的提油效果;
图7为放大试验规模后各相的脂肪分布;
图8为放大试验规模后重复使用的水相中的伴随物浓度变化;
图9为重复使用15%的乙醇提取时总脂肪在各相中的分布。
具体实施方式
1.提油率(数值上与清油得率相等)=清油质量/原料脂肪含量;定义:反应结束后清油占原料所含总脂肪的比例;
2.原料及渣相脂肪测定:索氏抽提法;
3.水相脂肪测定:Rose-Gottlieb法;
4.水相蛋白测定:福林酚法;
5.水相总糖测定:苯酚-硫酸法;
6.水相茶皂素测定:香草醛-硫酸比色法;
7.渣相蛋白测定:凯氏定氮法;
8.界面张力测定:使用全自动表面张力测定仪(DCAT21)进行测定
实施例1不同水相重复利用次数的提取效果比较
(1)取新鲜的粉碎好的油茶籽原料200g(粉碎至粒径20μm),加入1L去离子水(反应料液比为1:5)充分混匀;
(2)边搅拌边将物料于70℃浸泡30min;使用20%NaOH调节pH=9.0,继续保温1h;
(3)反应结束后使用5000rpm的转速离心15min,使得反应液中的料液达到渣相、水相、油相和乳状液四部分的分离。
(4)取出其中的油相和乳状液,置于-20℃冰箱24h,并在50℃水浴条件下进行冷冻破乳,计算清油得率;取出其中的渣相进行烘干,粉碎后测定其中的脂肪等含量;取出其中的水相,作为下一次提油的反应液,若反应液不足则进行补水至1L。重复步骤(1)~(3),直至渣相中脂肪含量趋于稳定,同时测定其中的脂肪等物质含量。
水相重复使用过程中清油得率、渣相的含油以及水相的含油变化如图1所示。清油占总脂肪的比例可由最初的75.76%提升至约91.21%,水相中的油占总脂肪的比例则由5.39%提升至约20.55%,渣相中脂肪占总脂肪的含量则由3.72%降低至约2.37%。
如图2所示,随着水相的重复利用,渣相中的脂肪含量可由最初的9.00%降低至约3.10%。
如图3所示,随着水相的重复利用,水相中的脂肪含量则可由最初的0.64%提升至约2.25%,提升幅度明显,可用于后期游离油的回收和其他伴随物的回收。
渣相中蛋白含量变化如图4,随着水相的重复利用,渣相中的蛋白含量可由8.92%提升至约10.19%。提油过程中原料所含的蛋白在水相中积累,使得水相中的蛋白不断升高,而进入水相的蛋白随着蛋白浓度的提升,其溶解性降低,从而使得渣相中的蛋白升高。
对水相中的其它物质组成进行测定,结果如图5所示,随着水相的重复利用,其中的蛋白、茶皂素(TS)和总糖含量不断积累。蛋白含量可由3.19%提升至11.98%,茶皂素可由4.27%提升至17.63%,而总糖可由1.74%提升至5.60%。
对提取前后体系的界面张力进行测定,结果显示,以水为提取剂提取一次后,界面张力由7.57mN/m降低为5.32mN/m。
发明人还以仅含有蛋白或仅含有糖的水溶液作为提取剂,按照实施例1的方法进行提油,结果显示,提油率并无明显上升。
实施例2不同水相提取剂的提取效果比较
分别取4组质量为200g新鲜的粉碎至粒径20μm的油茶籽原料,第一组加入1L浓度为40g/L的茶皂素溶液,第二组加入1L去离子水,第三组加入1L体积分数为15%的乙醇水溶液,第四组加入1L实施例1中重复利用1次的提取液,将油茶籽原料与各溶液按照料液比1:5充分混匀后置于反应器中。
提取步骤按实施例1的步骤(2)~(3)的方式进行。
取出其中的油相和乳状液,置于-20℃冰箱24h,并在50℃水浴条件下进行冷冻破乳,计 算清油得率。取出其中的渣相进行烘干,粉碎后测定其中的脂肪等含量。
对提取剂体系的界面张力进行测定,结果显示,油相与提取剂之间的界面张力分别为:40g/L茶皂素溶液(5.75mN/m),去离子水(8.20mN/m),15%乙醇水溶液(2.12mN/m),重复使用一次的提取液(7.96mN/m)。
分别测定四组原料反应后的提油率,结果显示,使用4%茶皂素提取的提油率为81.68%;使用去离子水提取的提油率为75.45%;使用15%乙醇水溶液提取的提油率为89.39%;使用重复利用1次的提取液提取的提油率为80.96%。
实施例3不同茶皂素溶液的提取效果比较
采用不同浓度(0~100g/L)的茶皂素溶液对粉碎后的油茶籽进行提油,分别使用去离子水、10g/L茶皂素溶液、40g/L茶皂素溶液和100g/L的茶皂素溶液进行提取,提取步骤具体如下:
(1)取新鲜的粉碎好的油茶籽原料200g(粉碎至粒径20μm),分别加入1L上述去离子水或茶皂素溶液(反应料液比为1:5)充分混匀;
(2)边搅拌边升温至70℃,使物料浸泡30min;使用20%NaOH调节pH=9.0,继续反应1h;
(3)反应结束后使用5000rpm的转速离心15min,使得反应液中的料液达到渣相、水相、油相和乳状液四部分的分离。
对提取剂体系的界面张力进行测定,结果显示,油相与提取剂之间的界面张力分别为:去离子水(8.20mN/m),10g/L茶皂素溶液(7.85mN/m),40g/L茶皂素溶液(5.75mN/m),100g/L茶皂素溶液(5.43mN/m)。
计算反应后的提油率分别为:纯水组75.45%;10g/L茶皂素组76.47%;40g/L茶皂素组82.68%;100g/L茶皂素组81.44%。
实施例4不同提取剂的提取效果比较
分别尝试去离子水、50g/L吐温20、体积分数15%的乙醇、40g/L的茶皂素水溶液和100g/L的十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液的提油效果。具体过程如下:
(1)取新鲜的使用中药粉碎机粉碎至粒径约为20μm的油茶籽原料5组各为200g,第一组加入1L去离子水,第二组加入1L浓度为10%的吐温20水溶液,第三组加入体积分数为15%的乙醇水溶液,第四组加入1L浓度为4%的茶皂素溶液,第五组加入1L浓度为10%的十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液(反应料液比为1:5)充分混匀;
(2)边搅拌边升温至70℃,使物料浸泡30min;使用20%NaOH调节pH=9.0,继续反 应1h;
(3)反应结束后使用5000rpm的转速离心15min,使得反应液中的料液达到渣相、水相、油相和乳状液四部分的分离。
取出其中的油相和乳状液,置于-20℃冰箱24h,并在50℃水浴条件下进行冷冻破乳,计算清油得率。取出其中的渣相进行烘干,粉碎后测定其中的脂肪等含量。
对提取剂体系的界面张力进行测定,结果显示,油相与提取剂之间的界面张力分别为:去离子水(8.20mN/m),50g/L吐温20(4.8mN/m),15%乙醇水溶液(2.12mN/m),40g/L茶皂素溶液(5.75mN/m),100g/L十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液(16.2mN/m)。
五组原料反应后的提油结果如图6所示,对比后发现,加入吐温20、乙醇和茶皂素后,清油得率明显高于纯水提油效果,而加入10%十二烷基硫酸钠的提油效果则明显较差。其中吐温20和茶皂素组的清油得率分别可以达到80.84%和82.21%,接近15%乙醇水溶液的提油效果,100g/L十二烷基硫酸钠的清油得率仅为55.47%。
不同的提取剂之间,乳状液中残留的脂肪比例也不同,相同原料产生的乳状液中残留的脂肪占总脂肪分别为:10%十二烷基硫酸钠组(25.80%)>纯水组(12.99%)>10%吐温20组(8.86%)>4%茶皂素组(6.71%)>15%乙醇组(6.28%)。
吐温20和茶皂素均为非离子型表面活性剂,其HLB值均为约15-17,而十二烷基硫酸钠属于一种阴离子表面活性剂,其HLB值约为40。吐温20和茶皂素为提取剂的提取过程中的乳状液含量更少,清油得率更高。而茶皂素作为一种天然的非离子型表面活性剂大量存在于油茶籽油提油过程的水相中,是理想的天然提取剂。
实施例5
使用800g原料进行放大提油反应,其流程如下:
(1)取新鲜的使用中药粉碎机粉碎粉碎至粒径约为20μm的油茶籽原料800g,加入4L去离子水(反应料液比为1:5)充分混匀;
(2)边搅拌边升温至70℃,使物料浸泡30min;使用20%NaOH调节pH=9.0,继续反应1h;
(3)反应结束后使用5000rpm的转速离心15min,使得反应液中的料液达到渣相、水相、油相和乳状液四部分的分离。
(4)取出其中的油相和乳状液,置于-20℃冰箱24h,并在50℃水浴条件下进行冷冻破乳,计算清油得率。取出其中的渣相进行烘干,粉碎后测定其中的脂肪等含量。取出其中的水相,作为下一次提油的反应液,若反应液不足则进行补水。重复步骤(1)~(3),直至渣 相中脂肪含量趋于稳定,即所得渣相的脂肪含量变化稳定在1%以内时,同时测定其中的脂肪等含量。并测定水相中茶皂素、总糖和蛋白质的浓度。
当清油得率趋于稳定时(第8次重复利用后),取出部分水相可用作伴随物和脂肪的分离。
水相重复使用过程中清油得率、渣相的含油以及水相的含油和伴随物的变化如图7~8所示:
由图7可知,反应规模放大至使用800g原料并重复使用水相提油12次后,清油得率以及脂肪在渣相和水相中的分布规律呈现与小规模提取相同的趋势。清油得率从75.62%上升至92.06%;渣相中脂肪占总脂肪的比例从11.90%降低至3.38%;水相中脂肪占总脂肪的比例从3.21%上升至10.87%。且随着水相的重复利用,提油过程中的乳状液产生量不断降低,使得清油含量得以上升。
由图8可知,水相中伴随物均处于不断积累上升的过程。其中茶皂素含量可从4.45%上升至约16%;蛋白浓度可从3.5%上升至10.91%;总糖浓度可从2.67%上升至6.97%,均与小规模提取的规律一致。
与实施例2相比,放大规模的提取效果在蛋白、茶皂素含量及总糖含量方面均有相对于原浓度约两倍的提高。
实施例6
(1)取新鲜的粉碎好的油茶籽原料200g(粉碎至粒径20μm),加入1L体积分数为15%的乙醇水溶液(反应料液比为1:5)充分混匀;
(2)边搅拌边将物料于70℃浸泡30min;使用20%NaOH调节pH=9.0,继续保温1h;
(3)反应结束后使用5000rpm的转速离心15min,使得反应液中的料液达到渣相、水相、油相和乳状液四部分的分离。
(4)取出其中的油相和乳状液,置于-20℃冰箱24h,并在50℃水浴条件下进行冷冻破乳,计算清油得率;取出其中的渣相进行烘干,粉碎后测定其中的脂肪等含量;取出其中的水相,作为下一次提油的反应液,若反应液不足则进行补水至1L。重复步骤(1)~(3),直至渣相中脂肪含量趋于稳定,同时测定其中的脂肪等物质含量。
结果如图9所示,当使用体积分数为15%的乙醇水溶液进行提油,并重复使用水相11次时,其提油率可从89.76%上升至约94.10%;渣相中脂肪的残留率可从2.92%降低至2.08%;而水相中的脂肪残留率由4.39%上升至17.31%。
实施例7
(1)取新鲜的粉碎好的油茶籽原料500g(粉碎至粒径20-40μm),加入1.5L纯水(反 应料液比为1:3)充分混匀;
(2)边搅拌边升温至70℃,使物料浸泡30min;使用20%NaOH调节pH=9.0,继续反应1h;
(3)反应结束后使用5000rpm的转速离心15min,使得反应液中的料液达到渣相、水相、油相和乳状液四部分的分离。
计算反应后的提油率为65.54%。
实施例8
(1)取新鲜的粉碎好的油茶籽原料500g(粉碎至粒径20-40μm),加入1.5L纯水(反应料液比为1:3)充分混匀;
(2)边搅拌边升温至70℃,使物料浸泡30min;使用20%NaOH调节pH=9.0,继续反应2h;
(3)反应结束后使用5000rpm的转速离心15min,使得反应液中的料液达到渣相、水相、油相和乳状液四部分的分离。
计算反应后的提油率为67.36%。
实施例9
(1)取新鲜的粉碎好的油茶籽原料1kg(粉碎至粒径20-40μm),分别加入10L纯水(反应料液比为1:10)充分混匀;
(2)边搅拌边升温至70℃,使物料浸泡30min;使用20%NaOH调节pH=9.0,继续反应1h;
(3)反应结束后使用5000rpm的转速离心15min,使得反应液中的料液达到渣相、水相、油相和乳状液四部分的分离。
计算反应后的提油率为80.02%。
实施例10
(1)取新鲜的粉碎好的油茶籽原料1kg(粉碎至粒径20-40μm),分别加入10L纯水(反应料液比为1:10)充分混匀;
(2)边搅拌边升温至70℃,使物料浸泡30min;使用20%NaOH调节pH=10.0,继续反应1h;
(3)反应结束后使用5000rpm的转速离心15min,使得反应液中的料液达到渣相、水相、油相和乳状液四部分的分离。
计算反应后的提油率为82.33%。
实施例11
(1)取新鲜的粉碎好的油茶籽原料1kg(粉碎至粒径20-40μm),分别加入10L纯水(反应料液比为1:10)充分混匀;
(2)边搅拌边升温至90℃,使物料浸泡30min;使用20%NaOH调节pH=10.0,继续反应1h;
(3)反应结束后使用5000rpm的转速离心15min,使得反应液中的料液达到渣相、水相、油相和乳状液四部分的分离。
计算反应后的提油率为84.02%。
实施例12
(1)取新鲜的粉碎好的油茶籽原料1kg(粉碎至粒径20-40μm),分别加入10L纯水(反应料液比为1:10)充分混匀;
(2)边搅拌边升温至50℃,使物料浸泡30min;使用20%NaOH调节pH=10.0,继续反应1h;
(3)反应结束后使用5000rpm的转速离心15min,使得反应液中的料液达到渣相、水相、油相和乳状液四部分的分离。
计算反应后的提油率为75.45%。
实施例13对山茶科的其它种子进行提油
具体实施方式同前述实施例,区别在于,物料为油茶籽、茶叶籽、茶花籽。提油率如表1所示。
表1
Figure PCTCN2018112433-appb-000001
对比例1
应用span-20进行提油,提取步骤同实施例4,结果显示,提取率为51.6%。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种水媒法提油的方法,其特征在于,以水或含有乙醇的水溶液为媒介,应用含有茶皂素的提取剂进行提油;所述方法将待提取的物料粉碎后,浸泡于50~100℃的提取剂中0.5~3h,调节pH为8~10,再离心分离渣相、水相、油相和乳状液;收集油相和乳状液,进行破乳,获得清油。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述茶皂素是物料本身含有的、在提取过程中进入水相的,或额外添加的。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,物料包括油料作物的果实或种子。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述物料为油茶籽,用于提取山茶油。
  5. 根据权利要求1~4任一所述的方法,其特征在于,物料和提取剂按料液比1:3~10的比例混合;所述提取剂为前一次提取得到的水相。
  6. 根据权利要求1~6任一所述的方法,其特征在于,控制油相和提取剂之间的界面张力≤13mN/m。
  7. 根据权利要求1或7所述的方法,其特征在于,破乳过程采用包括冷冻破乳、酶法破乳或乙醇溶液破乳的方法。
  8. 根据权利要求1~8任一所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法具体步骤如下:
    (1)取新鲜的粉碎后的油茶籽原料,加入含有0~200g/L茶皂素的水溶液为提取剂,充分混匀;
    (2)将混合液边搅拌边加热升温至50~100℃,调节pH至8~10,保温0.5~3h;
    (3)反应结束后离心,获得渣相、水相、油相和乳状液;
    (4)将其中的油相和乳状液破乳。
  9. 茶皂素在辅助提高水媒法提油效率方面的应用,其特征在于,应用浓度为10~200g/L的茶皂素溶液进行提油。
  10. 一种提取山茶油的方法,其特征在于,以水溶液为提取剂,将待提取的物料粉碎后,浸泡于50~100℃的提取剂中0.5~3h,调节pH为8~10,再离心分离渣相、水相、油相和乳状液;收集油相和乳状液,进行破乳,获得清油;收集水相作为下一批物料的提取剂,重复利用水相提油至少3次,在此过程中原料中的茶皂素不断进入水相,使得水相中的茶皂素浓度不断提高。
  11. 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,重复利用水相提油3~12次。
  12. 根据权利要求11或12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法的具体步骤为:
    (1)取新鲜的粉碎至粒径20μm的油茶籽原料,加入水,使反应料液比为1:5;
    (2)将混合液边搅拌边加热升温至70℃,调节pH至9,保温0.5h;
    (3)离心获得渣相、水相、油相和乳状液;
    (4)取出其中的油相和乳状液,进行破乳,得到清油;取出其中的水相,作为下一次提油的提取剂,体积不足部分用水补充至料液比为1:3~10,重复步骤(1)~(3)。
  13. 权利要求1~13任一方法在提取山茶科果实或种子的油脂方面的应用。
  14. 根据权利要求14的应用,其特征在于,所述山茶科果实或种子包括:油茶籽、茶叶籽或茶花籽中的至少一种。
  15. 应用权利要求1~13任一所述方法制备的油脂产品。
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